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Xian J, Ni L, Liu C, Li J, Cao Y, Qin J, Liu D, Wang X. Genome-Scale Screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Deletion Mutants to Gain Molecular Insight into Tolerance to Mercury Ions. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:492. [PMID: 39057376 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant and a bioaccumulative toxin that seriously affects the environment. Though increasing information has been obtained on the mechanisms involved in mercury toxicity, there is still a knowledge gap between the adverse effects and action mechanisms, especially at the molecular level. In the current study, we screened a diploid library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae single-gene deletion mutants to identify the nonessential genes associated with increased sensitivity to mercury ions. By genome-scale screening, we identified 64 yeast single-gene deletion mutants. These genes are involved in metabolism, transcription, antioxidant activity, cellular transport, transport facilitation, transport routes, and the cell cycle, as well as in protein synthesis, folding, modification, and protein destination. The concentration of mercury ions was different in the cells of yeast deletion mutants. Moreover, the disruption of antioxidant systems may play a key role in the mercurial toxic effects. The related functions of sensitive genes and signal pathways were further analyzed using bioinformatics-related technologies. Among 64 sensitive genes, 37 genes have human homologous analogs. Our results may provide a meaningful reference for understanding the action mode, cellular detoxification, and molecular regulation mechanisms of mercury toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xian
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Leilei Ni
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Chengkun Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yuhang Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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2
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Batista JM, Neves MJ, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. Evaluation of amino acid profile by targeted metabolomics in the eukaryotic model under exposure of benzo[a]pyrene as the exclusive stressor. Talanta 2023; 265:124859. [PMID: 37393711 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are a class of important metabolites in metabolomics methodology that investigates metabolite changes in a cell, tissue, or organism for early diagnosis of diseases. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is considered a priority contaminant by different environmental control agencies because it is a proven carcinogenic compound for humans. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the BaP interference in the metabolism of amino acids. In this work, a new amino acid extraction procedure (derivatized with propyl chloroformate/propanol) using functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes was developed and optimized. A hybrid nanotube was used followed by desorption without heating, and excellent extraction of analytes was obtained. After exposure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the BaP concentration of 25.0 μmol L-1 caused changes in cell viability, indicating metabolic changes. A fast and efficient GC/MS method using a Phenomenex ZB-AAA column was optimized, enabling the determination of 16 AAs in yeasts exposed or not to BaP. A comparison of AA concentrations obtained in the two experimental groups showed that glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), phenylalanine (Phe), proline (Pro), asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), tyrosine (Tyr), and leucine (Leu) statistically differentiated, after subsequent application of ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test, with a confidence level of 95%. This amino acid pathway analysis confirmed previous studies that revealed the potential of these AAs as toxicity biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josimar M Batista
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria J Neves
- Nuclear Technology Development Center/National Nuclear Energy Commission (CDTN/CNEN), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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3
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Lienkamp AC, Burnik J, Heine T, Hofmann E, Tischler D. Characterization of the Glutathione S-Transferases Involved in Styrene Degradation in Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0047421. [PMID: 34319142 PMCID: PMC8552685 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00474-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferases carried on the plasmid for the styrene-specific degradation pathway in the Actinobacterium Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Both enzymes were purified via affinity chromatography and subjected to activity investigations. StyI and StyJ displayed activity toward the commonly used glutathione S-transferase model substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) with Km values of 0.0682 ± 0.0074 and 2.0281 ± 0.1301 mM and Vmax values of 0.0158 ± 0.0002 and 0.348 ± 0.008 U mg-1 for StyI and StyJ, respectively. The conversion of the natural substrate styrene oxide to the intermediate (1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)glutathione was detected for StyI with 48.3 ± 2.9 U mg-1. This elucidates one more step in the not yet fully resolved styrene-specific degradation pathway of Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2. A characterization of both purified enzymes adds more insight into the scarce research field of actinobacterial glutathione S-transferases. Moreover, a sequence and phylogenetic analysis puts both enzymes into a physiological and evolutionary context. IMPORTANCE Styrene is a toxic compound that is used at a large scale by industry for plastic production. Bacterial degradation of styrene is a possibility for bioremediation and pollution prevention. Intermediates of styrene derivatives degraded in the styrene-specific pathways are precursors for valuable chemical compounds. The pathway in Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 has proven to accept a broader substrate range than other bacterial styrene degraders. The enzymes characterized in this study, distinguish CWB2s pathway from other known styrene degradation routes and thus might be the main key for its ability to produce ibuprofen from the respective styrene derivative. A biotechnological utilization of this cascade could lead to efficient and sustainable production of drugs, flavors, and fragrances. Moreover, research on glutathione metabolism in Actinobacteria is rare. Here, a characterization of two glutathione S-transferases of actinobacterial origin is presented, and the utilization of glutathione in the metabolism of an Actinobacterium is proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Lienkamp
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Burnik
- X-Ray Structure Analysis of Proteins, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- X-Ray Structure Analysis of Proteins, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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4
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Zhang J, Chi Y, Li S, Gu X, Ye Y. Cloning, homology modeling, heterologous expression and bioinformatic analysis of Ure2pA glutathione S-transferase gene from white rot fungus Trametes gibbosa. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1997157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Chi
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhi Gu
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
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Peidro-Guzmán H, Pérez-Llano Y, González-Abradelo D, Fernández-López MG, Dávila-Ramos S, Aranda E, Hernández DRO, García AO, Lira-Ruan V, Pliego OR, Santana MA, Schnabel D, Jiménez-Gómez I, Mouriño-Pérez RR, Aréchiga-Carvajal ET, Del Rayo Sánchez-Carbente M, Folch-Mallol JL, Sánchez-Reyes A, Vaidyanathan VK, Cabana H, Gunde-Cimerman N, Batista-García RA. Transcriptomic analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation by the halophilic fungus Aspergillus sydowii at hypersaline conditions. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:3435-3459. [PMID: 32666586 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most persistent xenobiotic compounds, with high toxicity effects. Mycoremediation with halophilic Aspergillus sydowii was used for their removal from a hypersaline medium (1 M NaCl). A. sydowii metabolized PAHs as sole carbon sources, resulting in the removal of up to 90% for both PAHs [benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (Phe)] after 10 days. Elimination of Phe and BaP was almost exclusively due to biotransformation and not adsorption by dead mycelium and did not correlate with the activity of lignin modifying enzymes (LME). Transcriptomes of A. sydowii grown on PAHs, or on glucose as control, both at hypersaline conditions, revealed 170 upregulated and 76 downregulated genes. Upregulated genes were related to starvation, cell wall remodelling, degradation and metabolism of xenobiotics, DNA/RNA metabolism, energy generation, signalling and general stress responses. Changes of LME expression levels were not detected, while the chloroperoxidase gene, possibly related to detoxification processes in fungi, was strongly upregulated. We propose that two parallel metabolic pathways (mitochondrial and cytosolic) are involved in degradation and detoxification of PAHs in A. sydowii resulting in intracellular oxidation of PAHs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive transcriptomic analysis on fungal degradation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Peidro-Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Yordanis Pérez-Llano
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Deborah González-Abradelo
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maikel Gilberto Fernández-López
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sonia Dávila-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Angélica Ortega García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Verónica Lira-Ruan
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Oscar Ramírez Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Angélica Santana
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Denhi Schnabel
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Irina Jiménez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosa R Mouriño-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Cientifica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Elva T Aréchiga-Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Manipulación Genética, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ayixon Sánchez-Reyes
- Cátedras Conacyt - Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Hubert Cabana
- Faculté de Genié, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Departament of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Fedoryshchak RO, Ocasio CA, Strutton B, Mattocks J, Corran AJ, Tate EW. Wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors: on-target antifungal activity and an unusual metabolic defense mechanism. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:68-78. [PMID: 34458749 PMCID: PMC8341946 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zymoseptoria tritici is the causative agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), which costs billions of dollars annually to major wheat-producing countries in terms of both fungicide use and crop loss. Agricultural pathogenic fungi have acquired resistance to most commercially available fungicide classes, and the rate of discovery and development of new fungicides has stalled, demanding new approaches and insights. Here we investigate a potential mechanism of targeting an important wheat pathogen Z. tritici via inhibition of N-myristoyltransferase (NMT). We characterize Z. tritici NMT biochemically for the first time, profile the in vivo Z. tritici myristoylated proteome and identify and validate the first Z. tritici NMT inhibitors. Proteomic investigation of the downstream effects of NMT inhibition identified an unusual and novel mechanism of defense against chemical toxicity in Z. tritici through the application of comparative bioinformatics to deconvolute function from the previously largely unannotated Z. tritici proteome. Research into novel fungicidal modes-of-action is essential to satisfy an urgent unmet need for novel fungicide targets, and we anticipate that this study will serve as a useful proteomics and bioinformatics resource for researchers studying Z. tritici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman O Fedoryshchak
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- The Francis Crick Institute 1 Midland Rd London NW1 1AT UK
| | - Cory A Ocasio
- The Francis Crick Institute 1 Midland Rd London NW1 1AT UK
| | | | - Jo Mattocks
- Syngenta AG, Jealott's Hill Research Centre Bracknell UK
| | | | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- The Francis Crick Institute 1 Midland Rd London NW1 1AT UK
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7
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Dual Purpose of ligninolytic- basidiomycetes: mycoremediation of bioethanol distillation vinasse coupled to sustainable bio-based compounds production. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Fernández-González AJ, Valette N, Kohler A, Dumarçay S, Sormani R, Gelhaye E, Morel-Rouhier M. Oak extractive-induced stress reveals the involvement of new enzymes in the early detoxification response of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3890-3901. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Fernández-González
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Valette
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Stéphane Dumarçay
- Université de Lorraine; EA4370 USC INRA 1445 Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Rodnay Sormani
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Mélanie Morel-Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
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Osman WHW, Lin MI, Kondo K, Nagata T, Katahira M. Characterization of the glutathione S-transferases that belong to the GSTFuA class in Ceriporiopsis subvermispora: Implications in intracellular detoxification and metabolism of wood-derived compounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Ujor VC, Adukwu EC, Okonkwo CC. Fungal wars: The underlying molecular repertoires of combating mycelia. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:191-202. [PMID: 29551193 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-self contact between fungi elicits strong morphological and biochemical reactions in the mycelia of interacting species. Although these reactions appear to be species- and interaction-specific, some responses such as pigmentation, increased secretion of phenol-oxidases, barrage formation and sealing of the mycelia front are common responses in most interactions. Hence, some species recruit similar molecular machineries in response to non-self. Increasing number of fully sequenced and annotated fungal genomes and advances in genome-wide and global proteome analytical tools now allow researchers to use techniques such as RNA sequencing, micro and macroarray analysis, 2-dimensional protein gel profiling, and differential display of mRNA to probe the underlying molecular mechanisms of combative mycelial interactions. This review provides an overview of the genes and proteins found to be differentially expressed in conflicting fungal mycelia by the use of 'omics' tools. Connections between observed gene and protein repertoires of competing mycelia and the attendant morphological and biochemical changes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Ujor
- Bioenergy and Biological Waste Management Program, Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State University, 1328 Dover Road, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Emmanuel C Adukwu
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Cold Harbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher C Okonkwo
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
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11
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Helmich KE, Pereira JH, Gall DL, Heins RA, McAndrew RP, Bingman C, Deng K, Holland KC, Noguera DR, Simmons BA, Sale KL, Ralph J, Donohue TJ, Adams PD, Phillips GN. Structural Basis of Stereospecificity in the Bacterial Enzymatic Cleavage of β-Aryl Ether Bonds in Lignin. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:5234-46. [PMID: 26637355 PMCID: PMC4777856 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.694307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a combinatorial polymer comprising monoaromatic units that are linked via covalent bonds. Although lignin is a potential source of valuable aromatic chemicals, its recalcitrance to chemical or biological digestion presents major obstacles to both the production of second-generation biofuels and the generation of valuable coproducts from lignin's monoaromatic units. Degradation of lignin has been relatively well characterized in fungi, but it is less well understood in bacteria. A catabolic pathway for the enzymatic breakdown of aromatic oligomers linked via β-aryl ether bonds typically found in lignin has been reported in the bacterium Sphingobium sp. SYK-6. Here, we present x-ray crystal structures and biochemical characterization of the glutathione-dependent β-etherases, LigE and LigF, from this pathway. The crystal structures show that both enzymes belong to the canonical two-domain fold and glutathione binding site architecture of the glutathione S-transferase family. Mutagenesis of the conserved active site serine in both LigE and LigF shows that, whereas the enzymatic activity is reduced, this amino acid side chain is not absolutely essential for catalysis. The results include descriptions of cofactor binding sites, substrate binding sites, and catalytic mechanisms. Because β-aryl ether bonds account for 50–70% of all interunit linkages in lignin, understanding the mechanism of enzymatic β-aryl ether cleavage has significant potential for informing ongoing studies on the valorization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Helmich
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Jose Henrique Pereira
- the Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, the Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Daniel L Gall
- the United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, the Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and
| | - Richard A Heins
- the Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, the Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551
| | - Ryan P McAndrew
- the Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, the Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Craig Bingman
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kai Deng
- the Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, the Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551
| | - Keefe C Holland
- the Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, the Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- the United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, the Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and
| | - Blake A Simmons
- the Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, the Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551
| | - Kenneth L Sale
- the Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, the Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551
| | - John Ralph
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Timothy J Donohue
- the United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
| | - Paul D Adams
- the Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, the Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, the Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and
| | - George N Phillips
- the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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Roret T, Thuillier A, Favier F, Gelhaye E, Didierjean C, Morel-Rouhier M. Evolutionary divergence of Ure2pA glutathione transferases in wood degrading fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 83:103-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Deroy A, Saiag F, Kebbi-Benkeder Z, Touahri N, Hecker A, Morel-Rouhier M, Colin F, Dumarcay S, Gérardin P, Gelhaye E. The GSTome Reflects the Chemical Environment of White-Rot Fungi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137083. [PMID: 26426695 PMCID: PMC4591263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
White-rot fungi possess the unique ability to degrade and mineralize all the different components of wood. In other respects, wood durability, among other factors, is due to the presence of extractives that are potential antimicrobial molecules. To cope with these molecules, wood decay fungi have developed a complex detoxification network including glutathione transferases (GST). The interactions between GSTs from two white-rot fungi, Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and an environmental library of wood extracts have been studied. The results demonstrate that the specificity of these interactions is closely related to the chemical composition of the extracts in accordance with the tree species and their localization inside the wood (sapwood vs heartwood vs knotwood). These data suggest that the fungal GSTome could reflect the chemical environment encountered by these fungi during wood degradation and could be a way to study their adaptation to their way of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Deroy
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Fanny Saiag
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Zineb Kebbi-Benkeder
- Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois, EA4370 Université de Lorraine USC INRA, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1092 LERFOB, F-54000, Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR 1092 LERFOB, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Nassim Touahri
- Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois, EA4370 Université de Lorraine USC INRA, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1092 LERFOB, F-54000, Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR 1092 LERFOB, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Arnaud Hecker
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Mélanie Morel-Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Francis Colin
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1092 LERFOB, F-54000, Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR 1092 LERFOB, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Stephane Dumarcay
- Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois, EA4370 Université de Lorraine USC INRA, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Gérardin
- Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois, EA4370 Université de Lorraine USC INRA, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, Interactions Arbres—Microorganismes, UMR1136, F-54280, Champenoux, France
- * E-mail:
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Calmes B, Morel-Rouhier M, Bataillé-Simoneau N, Gelhaye E, Guillemette T, Simoneau P. Characterization of glutathione transferases involved in the pathogenicity of Alternaria brassicicola. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:123. [PMID: 26081847 PMCID: PMC4470081 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione transferases (GSTs) represent an extended family of multifunctional proteins involved in detoxification processes and tolerance to oxidative stress. We thus anticipated that some GSTs could play an essential role in the protection of fungal necrotrophs against plant-derived toxic metabolites and reactive oxygen species that accumulate at the host-pathogen interface during infection. RESULTS Mining the genome of the necrotrophic Brassica pathogen Alternaria brassicicola for glutathione transferase revealed 23 sequences, 17 of which could be clustered into the main classes previously defined for fungal GSTs and six were 'orphans'. Five isothiocyanate-inducible GSTs from five different classes were more thoroughly investigated. Analysis of their catalytic properties revealed that two GSTs, belonging to the GSTFuA and GTT1 classes, exhibited GSH transferase activity with isothiocyanates (ITC) and peroxidase activity with cumene hydroperoxide, respectively. Mutant deficient for these two GSTs were however neither more susceptible to ITC nor less aggressive than the wild-type parental strain. By contrast mutants deficient for two other GSTs, belonging to the Ure2pB and GSTO classes, were distinguished by their hyper-susceptibility to ITC and low aggressiveness against Brassica oleracea. In particular AbGSTO1 could participate in cell tolerance to ITC due to its glutathione-dependent thioltransferase activity. The fifth ITC-inducible GST belonged to the MAPEG class and although it was not possible to produce the soluble active form of this protein in a bacterial expression system, the corresponding deficient mutant failed to develop normal symptoms on host plant tissues. CONCLUSIONS Among the five ITC-inducible GSTs analyzed in this study, three were found essential for full aggressiveness of A. brassicicola on host plant. This, to our knowledge is the first evidence that GSTs might be essential virulence factors for fungal necrotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Calmes
- Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers cedex, F-49045, France.
- INRA, UMR 1345 IRHS, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé Cedex, F-49071, France.
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, 2 rue le Nôtre, Angers cedex, F-49045, France.
| | - Mélanie Morel-Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Vandoeuvre-lès, F-54500, Nancy, France.
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France.
| | - Nelly Bataillé-Simoneau
- Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers cedex, F-49045, France.
- INRA, UMR 1345 IRHS, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé Cedex, F-49071, France.
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, 2 rue le Nôtre, Angers cedex, F-49045, France.
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Vandoeuvre-lès, F-54500, Nancy, France.
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France.
| | - Thomas Guillemette
- Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers cedex, F-49045, France.
- INRA, UMR 1345 IRHS, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé Cedex, F-49071, France.
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, 2 rue le Nôtre, Angers cedex, F-49045, France.
| | - Philippe Simoneau
- Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers cedex, F-49045, France.
- INRA, UMR 1345 IRHS, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé Cedex, F-49071, France.
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, 2 rue le Nôtre, Angers cedex, F-49045, France.
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15
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Shen M, Zhao DK, Qiao Q, Liu L, Wang JL, Cao GH, Li T, Zhao ZW. Identification of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes from a dark septate endophytic fungus (Exophiala pisciphila) and their expression patterns under varied metals stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123418. [PMID: 25884726 PMCID: PMC4401685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) compose a family of multifunctional enzymes that play important roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics and the oxidative stress response. In the present study, twenty four GST genes from the transcriptome of a metal-tolerant dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila, were identified based on sequence homology, and their responses to various heavy metal exposures were also analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 24 GST genes from E. pisciphila (EpGSTs) were divided into eight distinct classes, including seven cytosolic classes and one mitochondrial metaxin 1-like class. Moreover, the variable expression patterns of these EpGSTs were observed under different heavy metal stresses at their effective concentrations for inhibiting growth by 50% (EC50). Lead (Pb) exposure caused the up-regulation of all EpGSTs, while cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) treatments led to the significant up-regulation of most of the EpGSTs (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Furthermore, although heavy metal-specific differences in performance were observed under various heavy metals in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) transformed with EpGSTN-31, the over-expression of this gene was able to enhance the heavy metal tolerance of the host cells. These results indicate that E. Pisciphila harbored a diverse of GST genes and the up-regulated EpGSTs are closely related to the heavy metal tolerance of E. pisciphila. The study represents the first investigation of the GST family in E. pisciphila and provides a primary interpretation of heavy metal detoxification for E. pisciphila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Da-Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guan-Hua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Mathieu Y, Prosper P, Favier F, Harvengt L, Didierjean C, Jacquot JP, Morel-Rouhier M, Gelhaye E. Diversification of fungal specific class a glutathione transferases in saprotrophic fungi. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80298. [PMID: 24278272 PMCID: PMC3835915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) form a superfamily of multifunctional proteins with essential roles in cellular detoxification processes and endogenous metabolism. The distribution of fungal-specific class A GSTs was investigated in saprotrophic fungi revealing a recent diversification within this class. Biochemical characterization of eight GSTFuA isoforms from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Coprinus cinereus demonstrated functional diversity in saprotrophic fungi. The three-dimensional structures of three P. chrysosporium isoforms feature structural differences explaining the functional diversity of these enzymes. Competition experiments between fluorescent probes, and various molecules, showed that these GSTs function as ligandins with various small aromatic compounds, derived from lignin degradation or not, at a L-site overlapping the glutathione binding pocket. By combining genomic data with structural and biochemical determinations, we propose that this class of GST has evolved in response to environmental constraints induced by wood chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Mathieu
- Université de Lorraine, IAM, UMR 1136, IFR 110 EFABA, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France ; INRA, IAM, UMR 1136, Champenoux, France ; Laboratoire de biotechnologie, Pôle Biotechnologie et Sylviculture Avancée, FCBA, Campus Forêt-Bois de Pierroton, Cestas, France
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17
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Thuillier A, Roret T, Favier F, Gelhaye E, Jacquot JP, Didierjean C, Morel-Rouhier M. Atypical features of a Ure2p glutathione transferase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2125-30. [PMID: 23711374 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are known to transfer glutathione onto small hydrophobic molecules in detoxification reactions. The GST Ure2pB1 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium exhibits atypical features, i.e. the presence of two glutathione binding sites and a high affinity towards oxidized glutathione. Moreover, PcUre2pB1 is able to efficiently deglutathionylate GS-phenacylacetophenone. Catalysis is not mediated by the cysteines of the protein but rather by the one of glutathione and an asparagine residue plays a key role in glutathione stabilization. Interestingly PcUre2pB1 interacts in vitro with a GST of the omega class. These properties are discussed in the physiological context of wood degrading fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thuillier
- Université de Lorraine, IAM, UMR 1136, IFR 110 EFABA,Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
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18
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Morel M, Meux E, Mathieu Y, Thuillier A, Chibani K, Harvengt L, Jacquot JP, Gelhaye E. Xenomic networks variability and adaptation traits in wood decaying fungi. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 6:248-63. [PMID: 23279857 PMCID: PMC3815920 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal degradation of wood is mainly restricted to basidiomycetes, these organisms having developed complex oxidative and hydrolytic enzymatic systems. Besides these systems, wood-decaying fungi possess intracellular networks allowing them to deal with the myriad of potential toxic compounds resulting at least in part from wood degradation but also more generally from recalcitrant organic matter degradation. The members of the detoxification pathways constitute the xenome. Generally, they belong to multigenic families such as the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and the glutathione transferases. Taking advantage of the recent release of numerous genomes of basidiomycetes, we show here that these multigenic families are extended and functionally related in wood-decaying fungi. Furthermore, we postulate that these rapidly evolving multigenic families could reflect the adaptation of these fungi to the diversity of their substrate and provide keys to understand their ecology. This is of particular importance for white biotechnology, this xenome being a putative target for improving degradation properties of these fungi in biomass valorization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Morel
- Université de Lorraine, IAM, UMR 1136, IFR 110 EFABA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France.
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19
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Meux E, Morel M, Lamant T, Gérardin P, Jacquot JP, Dumarçay S, Gelhaye E. New substrates and activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Omega glutathione transferases. Biochimie 2012; 95:336-46. [PMID: 23063695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Omega glutathione transferases (GSTO) constitute a family of proteins with variable distribution throughout living organisms. It is notably expanded in several fungi and particularly in the wood-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, raising questions concerning the function(s) and potential redundancy of these enzymes. Within the fungal families, GSTOs have been poorly studied and their functions remain rather sketchy. In this study, we have used fluorescent compounds as activity reporters to identify putative ligands. Experiments using 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate as a tool combined with mass analyses showed that GSTOs are able to cleave ester bonds. Using this property, we developed a specific activity-based profiling method for identifying ligands of PcGSTO3 and PcGSTO4. The results suggest that GSTOs could be involved in the catabolism of toxic compounds like tetralone derivatives. Biochemical investigations demonstrated that these enzymes are able to catalyze deglutathionylation reactions thanks to the presence of a catalytic cysteine residue. To access the physiological function of these enzymes and notably during the wood interaction, recombinant proteins have been immobilized on CNBr Sepharose and challenged with beech wood extracts. Coupled with GC-MS experiments this ligand fishing method allowed to identify terpenes as potential substrates of Omega GST suggesting a physiological role during the wood-fungus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Meux
- UMR 1136 INRA-UHP Interactions Arbres/Micro-Organismes, IFR110 Ecosystèmes Forestiers, Agroressources, Bioprocédés et Alimentation, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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20
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Mathieu Y, Prosper P, Buée M, Dumarçay S, Favier F, Gelhaye E, Gérardin P, Harvengt L, Jacquot JP, Lamant T, Meux E, Mathiot S, Didierjean C, Morel M. Characterization of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium glutathione transferase reveals a novel structural and functional class with ligandin properties. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39001-11. [PMID: 23007392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.402776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) form a superfamily of multifunctional proteins with essential roles in cellular detoxification processes. A new fungal specific class of GST has been highlighted by genomic approaches. The biochemical and structural characterization of one isoform of this class in Phanerochaete chrysosporium revealed original properties. The three-dimensional structure showed a new dimerization mode and specific features by comparison with the canonical GST structure. An additional β-hairpin motif in the N-terminal domain prevents the formation of the regular GST dimer and acts as a lid, which closes upon glutathione binding. Moreover, this isoform is the first described GST that contains all secondary structural elements, including helix α4' in the C-terminal domain, of the presumed common ancestor of cytosolic GSTs (i.e. glutaredoxin 2). A sulfate binding site has been identified close to the glutathione binding site and allows the binding of 8-anilino-1-naphtalene sulfonic acid. Competition experiments between 8-anilino-1-naphtalene sulfonic acid, which has fluorescent properties, and various molecules showed that this GST binds glutathionylated and sulfated compounds but also wood extractive molecules, such as vanillin, chloronitrobenzoic acid, hydroxyacetophenone, catechins, and aldehydes, in the glutathione pocket. This enzyme could thus function as a classical GST through the addition of glutathione mainly to phenethyl isothiocyanate, but alternatively and in a competitive way, it could also act as a ligandin of wood extractive compounds. These new structural and functional properties lead us to propose that this GST belongs to a new class that we name GSTFuA, for fungal specific GST class A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Mathieu
- Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbre-Microorganismes, UMR 1136, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 110 EFABA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
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