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de la Torre Laso J, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. The relationship between attribution of blame and the perception of resistance in relation to victims of sexual violence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:868793. [PMID: 36092096 PMCID: PMC9455198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have examined victim blaming in rape scenarios. However, there is limited research on the analysis of the perception of blame when two or more perpetrators are involved. The present article explores the perception of blame in cases involving rape based on the level of resistance shown by the victim and the presence of one or more perpetrators. A study was carried out involving 351 university students who responded to a survey after reading a hypothetical assault scenario. Six situations were established where the victim showed either low or high resistance, depending on whether the resistance was verbal or physical and verbal, and in the presence of one or two male perpetrators. It is expected that perpetrators are more culpable when acting in groups and that less resistance from the victim leads to greater attribution of blame. The results confirm that more blame is attributed to the perpetrators when they act in groups than when they act alone. Likewise, women consider the victim generally exerts greater resistance and this variable influences the attribution of greater blame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús de la Torre Laso
- Department of Social Psychology and Antropology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús de la Torre Laso,
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Fundamental Physics and Mathematics (IUFFyM), Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Prieto S, Sanz J, García-Vera MP, Fausor R, Morán N, Cobos B, Gesteira C, Navarro R, Altungy P. Growing Up With Terrorism: The Age at Which a Terrorist Attack Was Suffered and Emotional Disorders in Adulthood. Front Psychol 2021; 12:700845. [PMID: 34220658 PMCID: PMC8249802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant scientific literature shows that exposure to traumatic situations during childhood or adolescence has long-term psychopathological consequences, for example, in the form of a higher prevalence of emotional disorders in adulthood. However, an evolutionary perspective suggests that there may be differential vulnerabilities depending on the age at which the trauma was suffered. As there are no studies on the psychopathological impact in adulthood of attacks suffered during childhood or adolescence, the objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the age at which a terrorist attack was suffered in the presence of emotional disorders many years after the attack. A sample of 566 direct and indirect victims of terrorist attacks in Spain was recruited, of whom 50 people were between the age of 3 and 9 when they suffered the attack, 46 were between 10 and 17 years old, and 470 were adults. All of them underwent a structured diagnostic interview (SCID-I-VC) an average of 21 years after the attacks. No significant differences were found between the three age groups at which the attack occurred in terms of the current prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, or anxiety disorders. The results of several multiple binary logistic regression analyses also indicated that, after controlling for the effect of sex, current age, the type of victims, and the time since the attack, the age at which the attack was suffered was not related to the current prevalence of those emotional disorders. The results are discussed concerning the differences between various types of trauma and in the context of the theories that propose that traumatic experiences are processed differently at different ages and can lead to differences in the likelihood of developing different emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Prieto
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sanz
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Vera
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Fausor
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Morán
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cobos
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Gesteira
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Navarro
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Altungy
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Muñoz JM. La evaluación psicológica forense del daño psíquico: propuesta de un protocolo de actuación pericial. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2013. [DOI: 10.5093/aj2013a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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