1
|
Snijckers RPM, Foks AC. Adaptive immunity and atherosclerosis: aging at its crossroads. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350471. [PMID: 38686373 PMCID: PMC11056569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays a profound role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis by regulating antigen-specific responses, inflammatory signaling and antibody production. However, as we age, our immune system undergoes a gradual functional decline, a phenomenon termed "immunosenescence". This decline is characterized by a reduction in proliferative naïve B- and T cells, decreased B- and T cell receptor repertoire and a pro-inflammatory senescence associated secretory profile. Furthermore, aging affects germinal center responses and deteriorates secondary lymphoid organ function and structure, leading to impaired T-B cell dynamics and increased autoantibody production. In this review, we will dissect the impact of aging on adaptive immunity and the role played by age-associated B- and T cells in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, emphasizing the need for interventions that target age-related immune dysfunction to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda C. Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thau H, Neuber S, Emmert MY, Nazari-Shafti TZ. Targeting Lipoprotein(a): Can RNA Therapeutics Provide the Next Step in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease? Cardiol Ther 2024; 13:39-67. [PMID: 38381282 PMCID: PMC10899152 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-024-00353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) and cardiovascular disease. As a result, lowering Lp(a) levels is widely recognized as a promising strategy for reducing the risk of new-onset coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Lp(a) consists of a low-density lipoprotein-like particle with covalently linked apolipoprotein A (apo[a]) and apolipoprotein B-100, which explains its pro-thrombotic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-atherogenic properties. Lp(a) serum concentrations are genetically determined by the apo(a) isoform, with shorter isoforms having a higher rate of particle synthesis. To date, there are no approved pharmacological therapies that effectively reduce Lp(a) levels. Promising treatment approaches targeting apo(a) expression include RNA-based drugs such as pelacarsen, olpasiran, SLN360, and lepodisiran, which are currently in clinical trials. In this comprehensive review, we provide a detailed overview of RNA-based therapeutic approaches and discuss the recent advances and challenges of RNA therapeutics specifically designed to reduce Lp(a) levels and thus the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Thau
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8044, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kurklu HA, Tan TS, Ozyuncu N, Baskovski E, Ozdol C. Atherogenic Index of Plasma Predicts Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3249. [PMID: 37892070 PMCID: PMC10606625 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic coronary syndrome is associated with several risk factors, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been demonstrated to be a biochemical risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to determine whether the AIP is an effective parameter for estimating obstructive CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 345 patients (with a mean age of 62.2 ± 10.3; 63% male) who underwent coronary angiography were included in this study. Obstructive CAD is defined as having one or more vessels with a stenosis level of ≥50%. Depending on the presence of obstructive CAD, all patients were divided into two groups. The mean AIP value was found to be 0.538 ± 0.26 in the study group. The AIP values were significantly higher in the obstructive coronary artery group (AIP; 0.49 ± 0.26 vs. 0.58 ± 0.27, p = 0.002). According to a univariable analysis, AIP values were significantly associated with obstructive coronary artery disease [OR: 3.74 (CI 95% 1.62-8.64), p = 0.020]. The AIP was further adjusted for confounding risk factors in three multivariable analysis models and, all three models showed a significant association. According to an ROC analysis, 0.49 is the cut-off value for AIP, and a value above 0.49 indicates 50% coronary artpery stenosis. CONCLUSIONS The AIP may be used in the assessment of cardiovascular risk for patients with stable angina pectoris, and it may also be used to estimate obstructive CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haci Ali Kurklu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara Etlik Research Hospital, Ankara 06590, Turkey;
| | - Turkan Seda Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (N.O.); (E.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Nil Ozyuncu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (N.O.); (E.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Emir Baskovski
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (N.O.); (E.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Cagdas Ozdol
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (N.O.); (E.B.); (C.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ergun G, Demirelli S. Which Biomarker(s) Augment the Diagnostic Value of the Positive Exercise Electrocardiography Test: Systemic Inflammatory Index, Plasma Atherogenic Index, or Monocyte/HDL-C Ratio? J Clin Med 2023; 12:6440. [PMID: 37892579 PMCID: PMC10607748 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The exercise electrocardiography test (EET) is still used before coronary angiography in the diagnosis of chronic coronary syndromes. This study aimed to demonstrate the value of the combination of a positive EET with the systemic inflammatory index (SII), the plasma atherogenic index (PAI), and the monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR) in the determination of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). This single-center, retrospective study included 540 patients who underwent coronary angiography after ETT. The patients were separated into Group 1, comprising 434 patients with normal coronary arteries and non-obstructive CAD, and Group 2, including 106 with obstructive CAD. In Group 2, the patients were separated into SYNTAX ≤ 22 or ≥23. Glucose, low-density lipoprotein, white blood cells, and MHR were determined to be significantly higher in Group 2 (p < 0.05). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, gender, diabetes mellitus, and low-density lipoprotein were determined to be independent predictors of CAD. In the ROC curve analysis, a cut-off value of 12 for the MHR in the determination of obstructive CAD had a sensitivity of 60.4% and a specificity of 53.0%. The main result of this study was that a high MHR is an indicator of obstructive CAD in patients with positive EET and suspected CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Ergun
- Department of Cardiology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akter T, Bulbul MRH, Sama-ae I, Azadi MA, Nira KN, Al-Araby SQ, Deen JI, Rafi MKJ, Saha S, Ezaj MMA, Rahman MA. Sour Tamarind Is More Antihypertensive than the Sweeter One, as Evidenced by In Vivo Biochemical Indexes, Ligand-Protein Interactions, Multitarget Interactions, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3402. [PMID: 37571339 PMCID: PMC10420995 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the antihypertensive effects of tamarind products and compared their potentials based on an animal model's data verified by molecular docking, multitarget interactions, and dynamic simulation assays. GC-MS-characterized tamarind products were administered to cholesterol-induced hypertensive albino rat models. The two-week-intervened animals were dissected to collect their serum and organs and respectively subjected to analyses of their hypertension-linked markers and tissue architectures. The lead biometabolites of tamarinds interacted with eight target receptors in the molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies and with multitarget in the network pharmacological analyses. The results show that the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin I, and lipid profiles were maximally reinstated by the phenolic-enriched ripened sour tamarind extract compared to the sweet one, but the seed extracts had a smaller influence. Among the tamarind's biometabolites, ϒ-sitosterol was found to be the best ligand to interact with the guanylate cyclase receptor, displaying the best drug-likeliness with the highest binding energy, -9.3 Kcal. A multitargeted interaction-based degree algorithm and a phylogenetic tree of pathways showed that the NR3C1, REN, PPARG, and CYP11B1 hub genes were consistently modulated by ϒ-sitosterol to reduce hypertension and related risk factors. The dynamic simulation study showed that the P-RMSD values of ϒ-sitosterol-guanylate cyclase were stable between 75.00 and 100.00 ns at the binding pocket. The findings demonstrate that ripened sour tamarind extract may be a prospective antihypertensive nutraceutical or supplement target affirmed through advanced preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taslima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Imran Sama-ae
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - M. A. Azadi
- Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
| | - Kamrun Nahar Nira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Salahuddin Quader Al-Araby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Jobaier Ibne Deen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Md. Khalid Juhani Rafi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Srabonti Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Md. Muzahid Ahmed Ezaj
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ulloque-Badaracco JR, Hernandez-Bustamante EA, Alarcon-Braga EA, Mosquera-Rojas MD, Campos-Aspajo A, Salazar-Valdivia FE, Valdez-Cornejo VA, Benites-Zapata VA, Herrera-Añazco P, Valenzuela-Rodríguez G, Hernandez AV. Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: A systematic review. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1915-1926. [PMID: 36561845 PMCID: PMC9730543 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies suggest that the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in different clinical scenarios. This review aimed to synthesize evidence of the association between AIP values and CAD. A literature search was carried out on four databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid-Medline. A handsearch was performed on preprint repositories (MedRxiv and Research Square). The effect measurements were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). For the quantitative synthesis, we employed a random-effects model. We analyzed 14 articles (with 40,902 participants) from seven different countries. The quantitative analysis revealed that an increase in one unit of AIP was associated with higher odds of developing CAD (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.65-2.69; P < 0.001; I 2 = 98%). We conducted subgroup analyses of Chinese (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.40-2.56; P < 0.001) and non-Chinese studies (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.42-4.42; P < 0.001). The sensitivity analysis by risk of bias continued to demonstrate an association, and the heterogeneity remained unchanged (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.33-2.31; P < 0.001; I 2 = 98%). Higher AIP values were associated with higher odds of developing CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan R. Ulloque-Badaracco
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Enrique A. Hernandez-Bustamante
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú,Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad Para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | - Esteban A. Alarcon-Braga
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Melany D. Mosquera-Rojas
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Alvaro Campos-Aspajo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Farley E. Salazar-Valdivia
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Valeria A. Valdez-Cornejo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Avenida La Fontana #750 La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Percy Herrera-Añazco
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Trujillo, Perú,Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación – IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Germán Valenzuela-Rodríguez
- Clínica Delgado, Servicio de Medicina Interna y Cardiología, Lima, Perú,Unidad de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Meta-análisis (URSIGET), Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL), Lima, Perú
| | - Adrian V. Hernandez
- Unidad de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Meta- análisis, Guías de Práctica Clínica y Evaluaciones de Tecnología Sanitaria, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú,Health Outcomes, Policy, and Evidence Synthesis (HOPES) Group, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheng Q, Li Z, Wang X, Wang S, Liu Y, Huang M, Li Y, Xue X, Bu H, Yang R, Xu Y, Li L, Gao S, Zheng Y, Yu C. Relation Between New York Heart Association Functional Class and Remnant Cholesterol, and Non-high Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Coronary Heart Disease Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Angiology 2022:33197221091315. [PMID: 35466706 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Remnant cholesterol (RC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between RC, non-HDL-C, and CHD patients with T2DM has not been comprehensively investigated. We analyzed the association between RC, non-HDL-C, and cardiac function in CHD patients with T2DM. Of the 22 022 CHD patients from six hospitals in Tianjin, 5373 (24.4%) patients with T2DM had higher levels of RC and non-HDL-C (P < .001) than those without T2DM. Among CHD patients with T2DM, RC and non-HDL-C were positively associated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ⅱ [RC: odds ratio (OR), 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.50-2.01; P < .01; non-HDL-C: OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15-1.31; P < .01]. After adjusting for confounding factors, this association remained (RC: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03-1.45; P < .05; non-HDL-C: OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17; P < .05). These findings provide evidence of an independent positive association between RC, non-HDL-C, and NYHA functional classes. More research is warranted to confirm these findings and determine the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhu Li
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengnan Huang
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xue
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaien Bu
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilan Xu
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Gao
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanchao Zheng
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunquan Yu
- 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alloubani A, Nimer R, Samara R. Relationship between Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 17:e051121189015. [PMID: 33305711 PMCID: PMC8950504 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x16999201210200342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, dyslipidemia has been shown to be an independent predictor of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which led to recent advocacy towards dyslipidemia prevention and control as a key risk factor and its prognostic significance to reduce the burden of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). AIMS This study aimed to evaluate hyperlipidemia as a risk factor connected with stroke and CVD. Moreover, having identified this risk factor, the study evaluates how hyperlipidemia has been examined earlier and what can be done in the future. METHODS All prospective studies concerning hyperlipidemia as risk factors for stroke and CVD were identified by a search of PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases with keywords hyperlipidemia, risk factors, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS The constant positive association between the incidence of coronary heart disease and cholesterol concentration of LDL is apparent in observational studies in different populations. Thus, the reduction of LDL cholesterol in those populations, particularly with regard to initial cholesterol concentrations, can reduce the risk of vascular diseases. However, the impact of using lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, has been demonstrated in several studies as an important factor in decreasing the mortality and morbidity rates of patients with stroke and CVD. CONCLUSION After reviewing all the research mentioned in this review, most studies confirmed that hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for stroke and correlated in patients with CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aladeen Alloubani
- Address correspondence to this author at the Nursing Research Unit, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iqbal MA, Ahmad S, Mumtaz T, Naseem Z, Malik J, Ahmad H, Roohi N. Prospective Analysis of Lipid Variations in Hyperthyroid Subjects from Lahore, Pakistan. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9936782. [PMID: 38523861 PMCID: PMC10960653 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9936782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Perturbations in the actions of T3 and T4 influence the normal metabolic pathways. Responsiveness of lipid biomarkers like LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, Apo-A, and Apo-B after rehabilitation of thyroid profile attaining euthyroid state was determined. A total of 179 age-matched subjects of both genders were recruited for this research. Sixty healthy controls, thirty-four subclinical, fifty overt hyperthyroid, and thirty-five follow-up subjects having 3 months of Carbimazole therapy were enrolled. Biochemical analysis was performed by chemistry analyzer, RIA, and ELISA. One-way ANOVA was applied for the statistical analysis, while significance (P < 0.05) of means was compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test. Pronounced reduction (P < 0.001) of cholesterol in overt as compared to control and subclinical was noticed, whereas marked improvement (P < 0.001) was evidenced in follow-up. Prominent elevation (P < 0.05) of TG in follow-up was evidenced as compared to control. Overt presented marked reduction of HDL-C as compared to subclinical and control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), respectively. Pronounced elevation (P < 0.001) of HDL-C was evidenced after treatment. Overt presented reduction of LDL-C as compared to subclinical and control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The follow-up group demonstrated considerable (P < 0.001) improvement of LDL-C after treatment and elevation (P < 0.05) as compared to control. Overt presented reduction of Apo-B as compared to subclinical and control (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Improvement (P < 0.05) of Apo-B was evidenced in follow-up. Reduction (P < 0.05) of Apo-A in overt as compared to control and elevation (P < 0.05) in follow-up as compared to overt was evidenced. Conclusively, improvement after treatment was evidenced in lipid profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir Iqbal
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Canal Road, Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shaaf Ahmad
- King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Hospital Road, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tamseela Mumtaz
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Canal Road, Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Naseem
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Canal Road, Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Malik
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Canal Road, Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
| | - Husna Ahmad
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Canal Road, Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Roohi
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Canal Road, Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Youngwoo Jang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Gachon University Gil Hospital and Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Sang-Ho Jo
- Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - Seung Hwan Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Gachon University Gil Hospital and Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Gachon University Gil Hospital and Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gil-Cardoso K, Saldaña G, Luengo E, Pastor J, Virto R, Alcaide-Hidalgo JM, Del Bas JM, Arola L, Caimari A. Consumption of Sourdough Breads Improves Postprandial Glucose Response and Produces Sourdough-Specific Effects on Biochemical and Inflammatory Parameters and Mineral Absorption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3044-3059. [PMID: 33656322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate responses to different sourdough breads, six groups of rats were fed a conventional refined wheat bread with no sourdough content (C_WhB); a leavened spelt bread baked with Rebola sourdough (Re_SpB); a durum wheat bread with Rebola sourdough (Re_DuB); or a multigrain bread leavened with Rebola (Re_MGB), Carla (Ca_MGB), or San Francisco sourdough (SF_MGB). Compared to C_WhB-fed rats, Re_SpB-, Re_DuB-, and Re_MGB-fed animals showed lower postprandial blood glucose levels, whereas SF_MGB-fed rats displayed a decreased postprandial blood insulin response and glucose and insulin products. The 3 week intake of Ca_MGB decreased blood triacylglycerols and the relative apparent absorption (RAA) of Fe2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, whereas Re_MGB-fed animals showed lower serum levels of the MCP-1 inflammatory marker and decreased the Fe RAA. The 3 week consumption of the multigrain bread produced sourdough-specific effects. Thus, Re_MGB-fed animals displayed higher insulin concentrations than Ca_MGB- and SF_MGB-fed rats and decreased blood MCP-1 levels compared to those of Ca_MGB-fed animals. In addition, Ca_MGB-fed rats showed lower serum triacylglycerol concentrations than those of Re_MGB- and SF_MGB-fed animals, whereas SF_MGB-fed rats displayed higher RAA values of Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ than their Re_MGB and Ca_MGB counterparts. These sourdough-specific effects could be related to changes in the contents of sugars and organic acids, acidity, microbial composition, and proteolytic activity among sourdoughs. Hence, the consumption of sourdough breads improved postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses and produced sourdough-specific effects on RAA and serum insulin and triacylglycerol and MCP-1 levels in rats, showing that SF_MGB has the most promising beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Guillermo Saldaña
- NOVAPAN S.L, Research & Development Department, Zaragoza 50014, Spain
| | - Elisa Luengo
- NOVAPAN S.L, Research & Development Department, Zaragoza 50014, Spain
| | - Jorge Pastor
- NOVAPAN S.L, Research & Development Department, Zaragoza 50014, Spain
| | - Raquel Virto
- CNTA, National Centre for Food Technology and Safety, San Adrián 31570, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus 43204, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43001, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, Avinguda Universitat, Reus 43204, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Read RW, Schlauch KA, Lombardi VC, Cirulli ET, Washington NL, Lu JT, Grzymski JJ. Genome-Wide Identification of Rare and Common Variants Driving Triglyceride Levels in a Nevada Population. Front Genet 2021; 12:639418. [PMID: 33763119 PMCID: PMC7982958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.639418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical conditions correlated with elevated triglyceride levels are well-known: coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Underlying genetic and phenotypic mechanisms are not fully understood, partially due to lack of coordinated genotypic-phenotypic data. Here we use a subset of the Healthy Nevada Project, a population of 9,183 sequenced participants with longitudinal electronic health records to examine consequences of altered triglyceride levels. Specifically, Healthy Nevada Project participants sequenced by the Helix Exome+ platform were cross-referenced to their electronic medical records to identify: (1) rare and common single-variant genome-wide associations; (2) gene-based associations using a Sequence Kernel Association Test; (3) phenome-wide associations with triglyceride levels; and (4) pleiotropic variants linked to triglyceride levels. The study identified 549 significant single-variant associations (p < 8.75 × 10-9), many in chromosome 11's triglyceride hotspot: ZPR1, BUD13, APOC3, APOA5. A well-known protective loss-of-function variant in APOC3 (R19X) was associated with a 51% decrease in triglyceride levels in the cohort. Sixteen gene-based triglyceride associations were identified; six of these genes surprisingly did not include a single variant with significant associations. Results at the variant and gene level were validated with the UK Biobank. The combination of a single-variant genome-wide association, a gene-based association method, and phenome wide-association studies identified rare and common variants, genes, and phenotypes associated with elevated triglyceride levels, some of which may have been overlooked with standard approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Read
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Karen A. Schlauch
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Vincent C. Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | | | | | - James T. Lu
- Helix Opco, LLC., San Mateo, CA, United States
| | - Joseph J. Grzymski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States
- Renown Health, Reno, NV, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun C, Fang Y. Replacement of Fat or Starch. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0320-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Jung BC, Lim J, Kim SH, Kim YS. Cathepsin B Is Implicated in Triglyceride (TG)-Induced Cell Death of Macrophage. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2020.52.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yokote K, Niwa K, Hakoda T, Oh F, Kajimoto Y, Fukui T, Kim H, Noda Y, Lundström T, Yajima T. Short-Term Efficacy (at 12 Weeks) and Long-Term Safety (up to 52 Weeks) of Omega-3 Free Fatty Acids (AZD0585) for the Treatment of Japanese Patients With Dyslipidemia - A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study. Circ J 2020; 84:994-1003. [PMID: 32281579 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is the first to evaluate the short-term efficacy and long-term safety of AZD0585, a mixture of omega-3 free fatty acids, in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia.Methods and Results:In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase III study, 383 patients were randomized to 2 g AZD0585, 4 g AZD0585, or placebo once daily for 52 weeks. Eligible patients had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels controlled regardless of statin use, and triglyceride levels between 150 and 499 mg/dL. The least-squares (LS) mean percentage changes in triglyceride concentrations from baseline to the 12-week endpoint (mean of measurements at Weeks 10 and 12) in the 2 and 4 g AZD0585 and placebo groups were -15.57%, -21.75%, and 11.15% respectively (P<0.0001 for both AZD0585 doses vs. placebo). No clinically significant changes from baseline to the 12-week endpoint in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and LDL-C/apolipoprotein (Apo) B were found with AZD0585. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was slightly increased and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-HDL-C, ApoC-II, and ApoC-III were decreased with AZD0585 compared with placebo at the 12-week endpoint. Lipid profiles up to Week 52 were consistent with those up to the 12-week endpoint. No clinically important safety concerns were raised. CONCLUSIONS AZD0585 significantly decreased serum triglyceride levels compared with placebo at the 12-week endpoint and was generally safe and well tolerated in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Two decades ago, it was recognized that lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) concentrations were elevated in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the importance of Lp(a) was not strongly established due to a lack of both Lp(a)-lowering therapy and evidence that reducing Lp(a) levels improves CVD risk. Recent advances in clinical and genetic research have revealed the crucial role of Lp(a) in the pathogenesis of CVD. Mendelian randomization studies have shown that Lp(a) concentrations are causal for different CVDs, including coronary artery disease, calcified aortic valve disease, stroke, and heart failure, despite optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) management. Lp(a) consists of apolipoprotein (apo) B100 covalently bound to apoA. Thus, Lp(a) has atherothrombotic traits of both apoB (from LDL) and apoA (thrombo-inflammatory aspects). Although conventional pharmacological therapies, such as statin, niacin, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein, have failed to significantly reduce Lp(a) levels, emerging new therapeutic strategies using proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors or antisesnse oligonucleotide technology have shown promising results in effectively lowering Lp(a). In this review we discuss the revisited important role of L(a) and strategies to overcome residual risk in the statin era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Youngwoo Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Hospital.,Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Seung Hwan Han
- Division of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Hospital.,Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Il Suk Sohn
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong
| | - Pyung Chun Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Hospital.,Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Division of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Hospital.,Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Askarpour M, Alami F, Campbell MS, Venkatakrishnan K, Hadi A, Ghaedi E. Effect of fenugreek supplementation on blood lipids and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112538. [PMID: 32087319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fenugreek is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for centuries to treat hyperglycemia, muscle spasms, gastritis, constipation, edema, and other metabolic disorders. Recently, lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek have been identified. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine and clarify the impact of fenugreek supplementation on anthropometric indices and serum lipid levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception to June 2019 using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of fenugreek on anthropometric indices and plasma lipids in adults were included. A random-effects model was used for quantitative data synthesis. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs (14 arms) with 560 participants suggested a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (WMD = -9.371 mg/dL; 95% CI: -15.419, -3.323, p = 0.002), triglycerides (WMD = -13.776 mg/dL; 95% CI: -26.636, -0.916, p = 0.036), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -6.590 mg/Dl; 95% CI: -13.042, -0.137, p = 0.045), as well as an increase in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = 3.501 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.309, 5.692, p = 0.002), while body weight (WMD = 0.223 kg; 95% CI: -0.509, 0.955, p = 0.551) and body mass index (WMD = 0.091 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.244, 0.426, p = 0.596) were not altered. CONCLUSION Fenugreek supplementation improved lipid parameters in adults. However, to confirm these results, more studies, particularly among hyperlipidemic patients, are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moein Askarpour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marilyn S Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kwon TG, Jang AY, Kim SW, Hong YJ, Bae JH, Lee SY, Kim SH, Han SH. Design and rationale of a randomized control trial testing the effectiveness of combined therapy with STAtin plus FENOfibrate and statin alone in non-diabetic, combined dyslipidemia patients with non-intervened intermediate coronary artery disease - STAFENO study. Trials 2020; 21:353. [PMID: 32321551 PMCID: PMC7178941 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the chronicled success of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc)-lowering statin therapy, substantial residual cardiovascular (CV) disease risk remains a problem worldwide, highlighting the need to for combination therapies targeting non-LDLc factors, such as with fenofibrate. Methods/design The STAFENO trial is a prospective, randomized, open-label, multi-center trial to compare the effect of statin plus fenofibrate with statin alone on the reduction and stabilization of plaque in non-diabetic, combined dyslipidemia patients with non-intervened, intermediate coronary artery disease (CAD) using virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound at 12 months. A total of 106 eligible patients are planned to be randomized to receive either a combination therapy (rosuvastatin 10 mg plus fenofibrate 160 mg/day) or monotherapy (rosuvastatin 10 mg/day) for 12 months. The primary endpoint of this study is the percentage change in the necrotic core volume. Secondary endpoints include changes in tissue characteristics and 1-year major CV events, including all-cause mortality, CV mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularization of the intervened and non-intervened lesions. Discussion The STAFENO trial will address whether combination treatment of statin and fenofibrate has an additive beneficial effect compared to statin alone on the reduction and stabilization of plaque and CV events in non-diabetic, combined dyslipidemia patients with non-intervened intermediate CAD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02232360. Registered 9 February 2014. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0004ULE&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00023SZ&ts=2&cx=juppd2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taek-Geun Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert Youngwoo Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular-Arrhythmia Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ho Bae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dyslipidemia and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
20
|
Farré X, Spataro N, Haziza F, Rambla J, Navarro A. Genome-phenome explorer (GePhEx): a tool for the visualization and interpretation of phenotypic relationships supported by genetic evidence. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:890-896. [PMID: 31393550 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Association studies based on SNP arrays and Next Generation Sequencing technologies have enabled the discovery of thousands of genetic loci related to human diseases. Nevertheless, their biological interpretation is still elusive, and their medical applications limited. Recently, various tools have been developed to help bridging the gap between genomes and phenomes. To our knowledge, however none of these tools allows users to retrieve the phenotype-wide list of genetic variants that may be linked to a given disease or to visually explore the joint genetic architecture of different pathologies. RESULTS We present the Genome-Phenome Explorer (GePhEx), a web-tool easing the visual exploration of phenotypic relationships supported by genetic evidences. GePhEx is primarily based on the thorough analysis of linkage disequilibrium between disease-associated variants and also considers relationships based on genes, pathways or drug-targets, leveraging on publicly available variant-disease associations to detect potential relationships between diseases. We demonstrate that GePhEx does retrieve well-known relationships as well as novel ones, and that, thus, it might help shedding light on the patho-physiological mechanisms underlying complex diseases. To this end, we investigate the potential relationship between schizophrenia and lung cancer, first detected using GePhEx and provide further evidence supporting a functional link between them. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION GePhEx is available at: https://gephex.ega-archive.org/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Farré
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Nino Spataro
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Frederic Haziza
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jordi Rambla
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Arcadi Navarro
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Im Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital
| | - Jongwook Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center
| | - Toshio Hayashi
- School of Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Seung Hwan Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chi JH, Shin MS, Lee BJ. Identification of hypertriglyceridemia based on bone density, body fat mass, and anthropometry in a Korean population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:66. [PMID: 30902041 PMCID: PMC6431057 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia is strongly associated with the risks of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and metabolic syndrome. The relationship between hypertriglyceridemia or high triglyceride levels and bone mineral density remains controversial. Furthermore, to date, no study has simultaneously examined the association among hypertriglyceridemia, bone area, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, body fat mass, and anthropometrics. The present study aimed to evaluate the association among hypertriglyceridemia, anthropometrics and various bone density and body fat composition variables to identify the best indicator of hypertriglyceridemia in a Korean population. METHODS The data were obtained from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In total, 3918 subjects aged 20-80 years participated in this study. In the variable analysis of the waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (Trk-Ft), body mass index, etc., a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the significance of the differences between the normal group and hypertriglyceridemia groups. RESULTS In both men and women, the WC showed the strongest association with hypertriglyceridemia in the crude analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.738 [confidence interval = 1.529-1.976] and OR = 2.075 [1.797-2.397]), but the Trk-Ft was the most strongly associated with the disease after adjusting for age and body mass index (adjusted OR = 1.565 [1.262-1.941] and adjusted OR = 1.730 [1.291-2.319]). In particular, the Pelvis area (Plv-A) was the most significant among the bone variables in women (adjusted OR = 0.641 [0.515-0.796]). In the predictive power analysis, the best indicator of hypertriglyceridemia was WC in women (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.718 [0.685-0.751]) and Trk-Ft in men (AUC = 0.672 [0.643-0.702]). The WC was also the most predictive among the anthropometric variables in men (AUC = 0.670 [0.641-0.700]). The strength of the association and predictive power was stronger in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS The WC in women and Trk-Ft in men exhibited the best predictive power for hypertriglyceridemia. Our findings support the use of basic information for the identification of hypertriglyceridemia or high triglyceride levels in initial health screening efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Chi
- Department of Software, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sun Shin
- Department of Computer Engineering, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Ju Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zibaeenezhad MJ, Ostovan P, Mosavat SH, Zamirian M, Attar A. Almond oil for patients with hyperlipidemia: A randomized open-label controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2018; 42:33-36. [PMID: 30670262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases currently account for nearly half of non-communicable diseases. It was shown that enjoying a handful of nuts every day can significantly reduce the risk of developing heart diseases as they contain a variety of nutrients and other bioactive substances contributing to lowering the risk of heart diseases and controlling the cholesterol. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of almond oil on the lipid profile of patients with hyperlipidemia. METHODS Ninety-seven patients were divided into the intervention (n = 49) and control (n = 48) groups. The intervention group received 10 ml of almond oil two times daily for 30 days. There was no intervention for the control group. The serum lipoproteins were measured before and after the study. RESULTS The total cholesterol and LDL levels decreased significantly in the intervention group (treatment difference = -16.12 ± 26.16, P = 0.009; treatment difference = -20.88 ± 18.4, p < 0.001 respectively). But regular almond oil consumption did not significantly affect the triglyceride and HDL in this sample of hyperlipidemic patients. CONCLUSION Consumption of almond could reduce the total cholesterol and LDL in dyslipidemic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parham Ostovan
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz university of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Zamirian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armin Attar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, TAHA clinical trial group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cho KI, Sakuma I, Sohn IS, Hayashi T, Shimada K, Koh KK. Best Treatment Strategies With Statins to Maximize the Cardiometabolic Benefits. Circ J 2018; 82:937-943. [PMID: 29503409 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Statins are important for preventing adverse cardiovascular events in patients with both high and low risk of vascular disease, by reducing the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, statins dose-dependently increase adverse effects and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Previously, it was hypothesized this was caused by to off-target effects, but recent studies demonstrate it is caused by on-target effects. Nonetheless, the American guidelines recommend the use of high-intensity statin therapy, and extend its use to most people at risk of vascular diseases, particularly older people. In contrast, European, Korean, and Japanese committees have expressed concerns about the potential adverse effects of using high-intensity statins for lifelong periods in a large fraction of the population. Patients who have achieved LDL-C levels below currently recommended targets may still experience cardiovascular events, resulting from residual risk. Ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, inclisiran, and ANGPTL3 antisense oligonucleotides are promising alternative non-statin drugs. Of interest, cross-talk between hypercholesterolemia and the renin-angiotensin-system exists at multiple levels of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. There are still unanswered questions on how to maximize the cardiometabolic benefits of statins in patients. We will discuss the results of randomized clinical trials, meta-analysis, and recent clinicopharmacogenetic studies, and propose practical guidelines to maximize the cardiometabolic benefits while reducing adverse effects and overcoming residual risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Im Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokko Memorial Clinic.,Health Science University of Hokkaido
| | - Il Suk Sohn
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong
| | - Toshio Hayashi
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Department of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center.,Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nascimento-Ferreira MV, Rendo-Urteaga T, Vilanova-Campelo RC, Carvalho HB, da Paz Oliveira G, Paes Landim MB, Torres-Leal FL. The lipid accumulation product is a powerful tool to predict metabolic syndrome in undiagnosed Brazilian adults. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:1693-1700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
26
|
Koh KK, Sakuma I, Shimada K, Hayashi T, Quon MJ. Combining Potent Statin Therapy with Other Drugs to Optimize Simultaneous Cardiovascular and Metabolic Benefits while Minimizing Adverse Events. Korean Circ J 2017; 47:432-439. [PMID: 28765731 PMCID: PMC5537141 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are among the most important risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease. They are also important contributors to metabolic diseases including diabetes that further increase CV risk. Updated guidelines emphasize targeted reduction of overall CV risks but do not explicitly incorporate potential adverse metabolic outcomes that also influence CV health. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension have synergistic deleterious effects on interrelated insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system is an important pathophysiological mechanism linking insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction to atherogenesis. Statins are the reference standard treatment to prevent CV disease in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Statins work best for secondary CV prevention. Unfortunately, most statin therapies dose-dependently cause insulin resistance, increase new onset diabetes risk and exacerbate existing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pravastatin is often too weak to achieve target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels despite having beneficial metabolic actions. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve both endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in addition to controlling blood pressure. In this regard, combined statin-based and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor therapies demonstrate additive/synergistic beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and other metabolic parameters in addition to lowering both cholesterol levels and blood pressure. This combined therapy simultaneously reduces CV events when compared to either drug type used as monotherapy. This is mediated by both separate and interrelated mechanisms. Therefore, statin-based therapy combined with RAS inhibitors is important for developing optimal management strategies in patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or obesity. This combined therapy can help prevent or treat CV disease while minimizing adverse metabolic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Kon Koh
- Department of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokko Memorial Clinic, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Hayashi
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michael J Quon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim S, Ko K, Park S, Lee DR, Lee J. Effect of Fenofibrate Medication on Renal Function. Korean J Fam Med 2017; 38:192-198. [PMID: 28775808 PMCID: PMC5541166 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.4.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrates are widely used to treat hypertriglyceridemia, a risk factor for arteriosclerosis, but these compounds have been associated with renal dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fibrates on renal function in relatively healthy adult subjects with no cardiovascular diseases. METHODS This retrospective study included 558 outpatients who were prescribed 160 mg fenofibrate (fenofibrate group) or 10 mg atorvastatin (control group) between August 2007 and October 2015. The groups were randomly matched using propensity scores at a 1:1 ratio. Serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rates before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Patients in the fenofibrate group showed greater changes in serum creatinine levels than those in the control group (9.73%±9.83% versus -0.89%±7.37%, P<0.001). Furthermore, 55.1% of patients in the fenofibrate group, but only 6.1% of those in the control group, exhibited a serum creatinine level increase ≥0.1 mg/dL (P<0.001). The fenofibrate group showed significantly greater declines in the estimated glomerular filtration rate than the control group (-10.1%±9.48% versus 1.42%±9.42%, P<0.001). Moreover, 34.7% of the fenofibrate group, but only 4.1% of the control group, exhibited an estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease ≥10 mL/min·1.73 m2 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Fenofibrate treatment resulted in increased serum creatinine levels and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rates in a primary care setting. Therefore, regular renal function monitoring should be considered essential during fibrate administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungjong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Kyungjin Ko
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Sookyoung Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jungun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cure E, Icli A, Ugur Uslu A, Aydoğan Baykara R, Sakiz D, Ozucan M, Yavuz F, Arslan S, Cumhur Cure M, Kucuk A. Atherogenic index of plasma may be strong predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with Behçet disease. Z Rheumatol 2017; 76:259-266. [PMID: 27431747 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Behcet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by cardiovascular complications. Early diagnosis of these complications can reduce morbidity and mortality. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the logarithmic value of triglyceride to high density lipoprotein ratio (atherogenic index of plasma, AIP) are good markers of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether AIP is a predictive marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in BD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 84 BD patients (60 male, 24 female) and 84 healthy control individuals (58 male, 26 female) were included in this study. cIMT measurements were made, and AIP values were calculated. RESULTS cIMT (p < 0.001) and AIP (p < 0.001) values of the BD patients were higher than those of the control group. A strong independent relationship was found between the AIP value and cIMT (β = 0.232, p = 0.018). In the subgroup analysis, the cIMT and AIP values of male BD patients were higher than those of female BD patients. CONCLUSION Increased AIP and cIMT values can be a good marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in BD patients, especially in male BD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Cure
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - A Icli
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - A Ugur Uslu
- Eskisehir Military Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - D Sakiz
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Ozucan
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - F Yavuz
- Dogubeyazit Docent Dr Yasar Eryilmaz State Hospital, Agri, Turkey
| | - S Arslan
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - A Kucuk
- Malatya State Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo F, Zi T, Liu L, Feng R, Sun C. A 1H-NMR based metabolomics study of the intervention effect of mangiferin on hyperlipidemia hamsters induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2017; 8:2455-2464. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00081b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mangiferin ameliorated hyperlipidemia by intervening in some major metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety
- School of Public Health
- Fujian Medical University
- FuZhou
- China
| | - Tianqi Zi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Public Health College
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Public Health College
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Public Health College
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Public Health College
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
McClements DJ, Chung C, Wu BC. Structural design approaches for creating fat droplet and starch granule mimetics. Food Funct 2017; 8:498-510. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00764c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on hydrogel-based strategies for creating reduced calorie foods with desirable physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl Chung
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Viecili PRN, da Silva B, Hirsch GE, Porto FG, Parisi MM, Castanho AR, Wender M, Klafke JZ. Triglycerides Revisited to the Serial. Adv Clin Chem 2017; 80:1-44. [PMID: 28431638 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the role of triglycerides (TGs) in the normal cardiovascular system as well as in the development and clinical manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. Regulation of TGs at the enzymatic and genetic level, in addition to their possible relevance as preclinical and clinical biomarkers, is discussed, culminating with a description of available and emerging treatments. Due to the high complexity of the subject and the vast amount of material in the literature, the objective of this review was not to exhaust the subject, but rather to compile the information to facilitate and improve the understanding of those interested in this topic. The main publications on the topic were sought out, especially those from the last 5 years. The data in the literature still give reason to believe that there is room for doubt regarding the use of TG as disease biomarkers; however, there is increasing evidence for the role of hypertriglyceridemia on the atherosclerotic inflammatory process, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gong J, Fang K, Dong H, Wang D, Hu M, Lu F. Effect of fenugreek on hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes and prediabetes: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:260-268. [PMID: 27496582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fenugreek is a widely used herb for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) but the effects in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall effects of fenugreek on hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes and prediabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, web of science, Chinese Biomedical Literature database (CBM), the Cochrane library, China Doctor Dissertations Full-text Database (CDFD), Wan Fang medical database, China Proceedings of Conference Full-text Database (CPCD), China national knowledge internet (CNKI) and China Master's Theses Full-text Database (CMFD) were searched to find the available literatures. RCTs with regard to the efficacy and safety of fenugreek on prediabetes or DM were included. The data of fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2h blood glucose (2hBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were extracted to appraise the net change with fixed or randomized effect model. RESULTS A total of 10 articles (12 studies) were included in the analysis. Pooled results showed fenugreek significantly decreased the levels of FBG (MD -0.84mmol/L; 95% CI -1.38 to -0.31; p=0.002), 2hBG (MD -1.30mmol/L; 95% CI -1.78 to -0.83; p<0.0001), HbA1c (MD -1.16; 95% CI -1.23 to -1.09; p<0.00001) and TC (MD -0.30mmol/L; 95% CI-0.56 to -0.03; p=0.03). In spite of the reductive trends in the TG or LDL-c levels and incremental trends of HDL-c, these results were not statistically significant or need further verification for fenugreek in the treatment of DM and prediabetes. Some studies were of low quality. No liver and kidney toxicity were found in all included studies, and the main side effects were gastrointestinal discomfort. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest fenugreek has the hypoglycaemic and TC-lowering efficacy; however, the effects on TG, LDL-c and HDL-c need further confirmations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cure E, Icli A, Ugur Uslu A, Aydoğan Baykara R, Sakiz D, Ozucan M, Yavuz F, Arslan S, Cumhur Cure M, Kucuk A. Atherogenic index of plasma may be strong predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with Behçet disease. Z Rheumatol 2016. [PMID: 27431747 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0141-z.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Behcet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by cardiovascular complications. Early diagnosis of these complications can reduce morbidity and mortality. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the logarithmic value of triglyceride to high density lipoprotein ratio (atherogenic index of plasma, AIP) are good markers of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether AIP is a predictive marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in BD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 84 BD patients (60 male, 24 female) and 84 healthy control individuals (58 male, 26 female) were included in this study. cIMT measurements were made, and AIP values were calculated. RESULTS cIMT (p < 0.001) and AIP (p < 0.001) values of the BD patients were higher than those of the control group. A strong independent relationship was found between the AIP value and cIMT (β = 0.232, p = 0.018). In the subgroup analysis, the cIMT and AIP values of male BD patients were higher than those of female BD patients. CONCLUSION Increased AIP and cIMT values can be a good marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in BD patients, especially in male BD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Cure
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - A Icli
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - A Ugur Uslu
- Eskisehir Military Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - D Sakiz
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Ozucan
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - F Yavuz
- Dogubeyazit Docent Dr Yasar Eryilmaz State Hospital, Agri, Turkey
| | - S Arslan
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - A Kucuk
- Malatya State Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Koh KK, Oh PC, Sakuma I, Lee Y, Han SH, Shin EK. Vascular and metabolic effects of omega-3 fatty acids combined with fenofibrate in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:342-6. [PMID: 27424313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) combined with fenofibrate are not yet investigated, compared with fenofibrate. METHODS This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. Age, sex, and body mass index were matched among groups. All patients were recommended to maintain a low fat diet. Fifty patients with hypertriglyceridemia in each group were given placebo, n-3 FA 2g+fenofibrate 160mg (combination), or fenofibrate 160mg, respectively daily for 2months. RESULTS Placebo, combination, and fenofibrate significantly decreased triglycerides by 7%, 41% and 30%, respectively and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio by 11%, 45% and 32%, respectively relative to baseline measurements (all P<0.05 by paired t-test). When compared with placebo and fenofibrate, these with combination were significant (P<0.001 by ANOVA). When compared with placebo, both combination and fenofibrate significantly decreased apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol and improved flow-mediated dilation and reduced CRP and fibrinogen (all P<0.05 by ANOVA), however, there were no significant differences between combination and fenofibrate. When compared with placebo, both combination and fenofibrate significantly reduced insulin and glucose (both P<0.05 by ANOVA), and improved insulin sensitivity (P=0.005 by ANOVA). However, there were no significant differences between combination and fenofibrate. CONCLUSIONS When compared with fenofibrate, combination significantly decreased triglycerides and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio. Otherwise, combination and fenofibrate significantly reduced apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol and improved flow-mediated dilation and reduced CRP and fibrinogen to a similar extent. Also, combination and fenofibrate significantly improved insulin sensitivity to a similar extent by reducing insulin and glucose in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Kon Koh
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pyung Chun Oh
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Han
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eak Kyun Shin
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|