1
|
Cheng CT, Lin HH, Hsu CP, Chen HW, Huang JF, Hsieh CH, Fu CY, Chung IF, Liao CH. Deep Learning for Automated Detection and Localization of Traumatic Abdominal Solid Organ Injuries on CT Scans. JOURNAL OF IMAGING INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE 2024; 37:1113-1123. [PMID: 38366294 PMCID: PMC11169164 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-024-01038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is the most commonly used diagnostic modality for blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), significantly influencing management approaches. Deep learning models (DLMs) have shown great promise in enhancing various aspects of clinical practice. There is limited literature available on the use of DLMs specifically for trauma image evaluation. In this study, we developed a DLM aimed at detecting solid organ injuries to assist medical professionals in rapidly identifying life-threatening injuries. The study enrolled patients from a single trauma center who received abdominal CT scans between 2008 and 2017. Patients with spleen, liver, or kidney injury were categorized as the solid organ injury group, while others were considered negative cases. Only images acquired from the trauma center were enrolled. A subset of images acquired in the last year was designated as the test set, and the remaining images were utilized to train and validate the detection models. The performance of each model was assessed using metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value based on the best Youden index operating point. The study developed the models using 1302 (87%) scans for training and tested them on 194 (13%) scans. The spleen injury model demonstrated an accuracy of 0.938 and a specificity of 0.952. The accuracy and specificity of the liver injury model were reported as 0.820 and 0.847, respectively. The kidney injury model showed an accuracy of 0.959 and a specificity of 0.989. We developed a DLM that can automate the detection of solid organ injuries by abdominal CT scans with acceptable diagnostic accuracy. It cannot replace the role of clinicians, but we can expect it to be a potential tool to accelerate the process of therapeutic decisions for trauma care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Hsien Lin
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Po Hsu
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Wu Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging & Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fu Huang
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Fu
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Fang Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Liao
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abraha D, Gebreyes E, Wolka E, Dender G, Sorsa A, Muhumuza J. Determinants of adverse management outcomes of blunt abdominal trauma patients operated at a referral hospital in southern Ethiopia: a retrospective record review. BMC Surg 2023; 23:357. [PMID: 37990208 PMCID: PMC10664474 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal trauma is one of the common reasons for emergency visits yet there is paucity of data about the subject in the horn of Africa. This study was aimed at determining the determinants of adverse management outcomes of blunt abdominal trauma among operated patients at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. METHODS This was a three-year retrospective review conducted among 128 patient records selected using purposive sampling in which all records for the patients operated for a diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma during the study period were included. A pretested checklist was used to extract the data relating to adverse outcomes and characteristics of the patients. A descriptive analysis followed by logistic regression was done. RESULTS Of the 128 patients, adverse management outcomes related to blunt abdominal trauma occurred in 52%. Patients residing in rural areas (adjusted odds ratio 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-9.24) and those with tachycardia, (adjusted odds ratio = 3.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-8.83) or tachypnea (adjusted odds ratio 3.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-8.83) were more likely to have adverse management outcomes. CONCLUSION Adverse management outcomes are relatively high and associated with rural residence and deranged vital signs (tachycardia and tachypnea). Close monitoring targeting patients from rural residence and those presenting with tachycardia and tachypnea is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demoz Abraha
- Department of Surgery, College of Heath Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
| | - Essay Gebreyes
- Department of Surgery, College of Heath Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Eskinder Wolka
- Department of Surgery, College of Heath Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Dender
- Department of Surgery, College of Heath Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Sorsa
- Department of Surgery, College of Heath Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Joshua Muhumuza
- Department of surgery, Faculty of clinical medicine and dentistry, Kampala international university- western campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghimire R, Acharya BP, Pudasaini P, Limbu Y, Maharjan DK, Thapa PB. Blunt Abdominal Trauma among Patients Admitted to the Department of Surgery at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2023; 61:404-408. [PMID: 37203899 PMCID: PMC10896435 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blunt abdominal trauma bears significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and needs careful evaluation and management for a better outcome, where the resources are limited and the impact of the financial burden is very important. Previously, many cases used to be managed with operative procedures, and now the trend has been shifting to non-operative management. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of blunt abdominal trauma among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care centre. Methods This was descriptive cross-sectional study done between 1 February 2022 to 31 January 2023 after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2312202103). The decision of non-operative versus operative treatment was decided with dynamic clinical evaluation and severity of intraabdominal injuries. Demographic data, the mechanism of injury, and both conservative and operative management were studied. All the patients who were more than 18 years of age, and admitted to the Department of Surgery were included in the study. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results Among a total of 1450 patients, the prevalence of blunt abdominal trauma was 140 (9.65%) (8.13-11.17, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 61 (43.57%) were young within the age group of 18-30 with a male-female ratio of 4:1. Road traffic accidents 79 (56.43%) were the most common mechanism followed by falls from heights 51 (36.43%). Conclusions The prevalence of blunt abdominal trauma among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery was found to be higher than in other studies done in similar settings. Keywords blunt injuries; conservative management; operative surgical procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Ghimire
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bidur Prasad Acharya
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prashanta Pudasaini
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Yugal Limbu
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dhiresh Kumar Maharjan
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prabin Bikram Thapa
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ogbuanya AU, Anyanwu SNC. The role of clinical and sonographic assessments in pre-operative evaluation of patients with splenic injuries in a resource-limited economy. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:785-794. [PMID: 37545906 PMCID: PMC10398455 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Splenic trauma has been recognized as the most common cause of preventable deaths amongst trauma patients. Due to paucity of modern diagnostic imaging facilities in our setting, determination of the error rates and role of the simple, available diagnostic approaches are worthwhile and relevant to the practice of general surgery. Objectives The aim was to determine the role and diagnostic accuracy of clinical and sonographic assessments of splenic injuries. Methods This was a prospective study of the value of pre-operative clinical and sonographic assessments of patients with splenic injuries in our setting. Results A total of 111 patients with abdominal trauma were evaluated. Of these, splenic injuries were confirmed in 75 patients intra-operatively, mainly from blunt trauma. Of the 97 cases diagnosed by clinical method, 66(68.0%) were confirmed by intraoperative findings. Similarly, of 86 sonographic diagnoses of splenic injuries, 61 (70.9%) truly had splenic trauma. Sensitivity for sonographic and clinical assessments was 84.7% and 78.9% respectively. False positive and negative rates for clinical (27.3% versus 44.1%) and ultrasonographic (29.1% versus 40.0%) assessments were high. Conclusions Majority of splenic injuries were due to blunt abdominal trauma. The two diagnostic methods showed high sensitivity, but performed poorly for other validity tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius U Ogbuanya
- Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdulkadir A, Mohammed B, Sertse E, Mengesha MM, Gebremichael MA. Treatment outcomes of penetrating abdominal injury requiring laparotomy at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia. Front Surg 2022; 9:914778. [PMID: 36081591 PMCID: PMC9445211 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.914778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penetrating abdominal injury (PAI) is a public health problem and accounts for significant mortality and disability in both developing and developed countries. It often causes damage to internal organs, resulting in shock and infection. In this study, we assessed the outcomes of PAI and factors associated with post-surgical outcomes including surgical site infection (SSI) and in-hospital death. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 January to January 30, 2020, using a standard checklist to review the clinical charts of patients who presented to Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH) with PAI and underwent laparotomy between January 2015 and September 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of patients, and odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported for factors included in binary logistic regression. The statistical significance was declared at a P-value <0.05. Results A total of 352 charts of patients with PAI were reviewed. A majority of them (84.9%) were males and the mean age was 26.5 years. The anterior abdomen was the most common site of injury, accounting for 285 patients (81%), 329 patients (93.5%) suffered organ injury, 204 (62%) had a single organ injury, and 125 (38%) had more than one organ injury. The leading injured organs were small intestines 194 (55.1%), followed by the colon 88 (25%) and liver 40 (11.4%). The magnitude of SSI and hospital death was 84 (23.9%) and 12 (3.4%), respectively. Patients above 45 years of age (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 9.2), with fluid collection (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.9), colostomy (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 7.8), body temperature >37.5 °C (AOR = 3.8,95% CI:1.9,7.6), and Hgb < 10 mg/dl (AOR = 7.4, 95% CI: 3.4,16.1) had a higher likelihood of SSI. Those patients admitted to the intensive care unit (AOR = 21.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 412.3) and who underwent damage control surgery (AOR = 9.6, 95% CI: 1.3, 73.3) had a higher likelihood of mortality. Conclusions SSI and death among patients with PAI were high. Age, fluid collection, colostomy, body temperature, and hemoglobin level were statistically associated with SSI, and intensive care unit and damage control surgery were statistically associated with death. Therefore, health professionals working in surgical wards should consider these factors to alleviate SSI and prevent death. Broadly speaking, the guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) should consider these factors in their recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Abdulkadir
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Burka Mohammed
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Sertse
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Merid Mengesha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deftereos SP, Foutzitzi S, Skarentzos K, Aggelidou M, Oikonomou P, Kambouri K. Role of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Paediatric Population with Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Prospective Study from a Single Center Experience for Paediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma. MAEDICA 2022; 17:44-51. [PMID: 35733753 PMCID: PMC9168570 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aim:The aim of our study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in pediatric population with history of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). Materials and methods: In an eight-year period (1/2012-1/2020), fifty-nine children (4-14 years old) were transferred to the Emergency Department with referred BAT. The initial imaging method was ultrasound scan (US). Thirty-two children were discharged in good condition 24 hours after their admission. The remaining 27, who had moderate to severe injuries and according to their laboratory tests and US results, were evaluated with CEUS and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Results:Five children were confirmed with splenic injury, two with liver lacerations, one with liver lacerations and right kidney contusion, while in nineteen, no visceral pathology was found by US, CEUS and CECT. The CEUS and CECT were in complete agreement. On the contrary, unenhanced-US showed free peritoneal fluid in eleven children and possible parenchymal lesions in two children. In two of the patients with negative US-study, splenic contusions in CECT and CEUS were revealed. The CEUS study was also used as a follow-up method. Among the 27 patients, there were no adverse reactions from the CEUS contrast agent either at one-week and six-month follow-up, or after one-year period. Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is an effective, easily performed, low cost and radiation free imaging method. It is ideal for both initial and follow up evaluation of trauma and thus, we encourage its usage in paediatric BAT cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Foutzitzi
- Radiology Department, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5090-6917
| | - K Skarentzos
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0994-4959
| | - M Aggelidou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3907-0407
| | - P Oikonomou
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5059-8010
| | - K Kambouri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0817-6513
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ogbuanya AUO, Ajuluchuku UE, Nnadozie UU, Otuu O, Umezurike DA, Kwento N. Splenic injuries in native Africans: Presentation, limitations of management, and treatment outcomes in a civilian trauma service in Southeast Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2022; 21:327-338. [PMID: 36412331 PMCID: PMC9850893 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_53_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Splenic trauma has emerged as a major global health burden, especially in developing nations with limited diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. The current trend toward nonoperative management (NOM) and adoption of splenic salvage whenever feasible calls for local evaluation of our current practice. The aim of this study was to document the epidemiology and outcomes of management of splenic injuries in our setting. Patients and Methods This was a multicenter, prospective study of epidemiology and outcomes of patients with splenic injuries recruited over 10 years in southeast Nigeria. Results Approximately 66% of all patients with abdominal injuries sustained splenic trauma. A total of 313 patients with splenic trauma were recruited; 226 (72.2%) were managed operatively (OM) and 87 (27.8%) conservatively (NOM). Majority (75.7%) had blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), while 24.3% sustained penetrating injuries. Sonographic grading showed that 46 (14.7%), 58 (18.5%), 79 (25.2%), 106 (33.9%), and 24 (7.7%) patients had grades I, II, III, IV, and V injuries, respectively. Isolated splenic injuries occurred in 172 (55%) patients, and the rest (141, 45%) had associated intra-abdominal injuries. Two-thirds (67.1%) were aged 16-45 years. In the OM group, 178 (78.7%) had total splenectomy, while 48 (21.3%) had splenic salvage. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.022) in the rate of postoperative complications between the splenectomy and splenorrhaphy groups. The overall mortality rate was 4.5%. Major predictors of morbidity and mortality were high-grade splenic injuries, total splenectomy, multiple injuries, advanced age, and comorbidities. Conclusion Splenic injuries complicate approximately two-thirds of all abdominal injuries in our environment and majority of these injuries were due to BAT. In this study, majority had OM and splenic salvage rate was relatively low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Ugwu-Olisa Ogbuanya
- Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Department of Surgery, Bishop Shanahan Specialist Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria,Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordie Hospital, Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Department of Surgery, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria,Address for correspondence: Dr. Aloysius Ugwu-Olisa Ogbuanya, Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 102, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. E-mail:
| | - Uzoamaka Esther Ajuluchuku
- Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Department of Surgery, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ugochukwu Uzodimma Nnadozie
- Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Department of Surgery, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Onyeyirichi Otuu
- Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Department of Surgery, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Akuma Umezurike
- Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Department of Surgery, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Nwanneka Kwento
- Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Department of Surgery, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ogbuanya AU, Nnadozie UU, Enemuo VC, Ewah RL, Boladuro EO, Owusi OM. Perioperative mortality among surgical patients in a low-resource setting: A multi-center study at District hospitals in Southeast Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1004-1013. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1291_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
9
|
Singh A, Prasad G, Mishra P, Vishkarma K, Shamim R. Lessons learned from blunt trauma abdomen: Surgical experience in level I trauma centre. Turk J Surg 2021; 37:277-285. [DOI: 10.47717/turkjsurg.2021.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The number of accident cases is increasing day by day, so as the challenges. With an emphasis on trauma care, the government started a 120 bedded level I trauma centre in northern India catering to a population of 2.8 million in June 2018. Through this article, we aimed to share our experience of blunt abdominal trauma management from a new level I trauma centre.
Material and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, historical analysis of all available records from July 2018 to March 2020 was done. Inclusion criteria included blunt trauma abdomen with or without associated injuries. Data regarding age, sex, mechanism of injury, time taken to reach the hospital, the pattern of solid organs and hollow viscus injuries, associated extra abdominal injuries, mode of treatment, complications, length of ICU and hospital stay, and mortality were reviewed.
Results: Overall, 154 cases sustained abdominal injuries during the study period. Seventy-five percent were male. The most common cause of blunt trauma abdomen was road traffic crashes. Operative management was required in 57 (37.01%) cases while 97(62.98%) were managed non-operatively (NOM). Mean ICU stay was 05.73 days, while the average hospital stay was 12 days (range 10-60 days). Procedures performed included splenectomy, liver repair, primary closure of bowel injury, and stoma formation. Complications occured in 16.88% cases and the overall mortality rate was 11.68%.
Conclusion: The study revealed that among 154 cases of fatal blunt abdominal trauma, road traffic crash was the most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma, predominantly affecting males. The visceral and peritoneal injury frequently perceived was liver in 40 cases (25.9%), spleen 66 (43%), intestine 21(13.6%) and kidney 13 cases (09%). Abdominal injury was associated with other injuries like head, chest and extremity injuries in 52.5% cases. Duration of injury, presence of associated injury and preoperative ventilation requirement were independent predictors of mortality apart from contributary factors such as clinical presentation, organ involved and presence of complications.
Collapse
|
10
|
YILDIRIM MB, ŞAHİNER İT, KENDİRCİ M, ÖZKAN B, ERKENT M, TOPCU R, BOSTANOĞLU S. Non-surgical follow-up success in blunt abdominal trauma. Can we protect patients with blunt abdominal trauma from surgery? JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.896899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
11
|
Alam A, Gupta A, Gupta N, Yelamanchi R, Bansal L, Durga C. Evaluation of ISS, RTS, CASS and TRISS scoring systems for predicting outcomes of blunt trauma abdomen. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2021; 93:9-15. [PMID: 33949318 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trauma is the leading cause of mortality in people below the age of 45 years. Abdominal trauma constitutes one-fourth of the trauma burden. Scoring systems in trauma are necessary for grading the severity of the injury and prior mobilization of resources in anticipation. The aim of this study was to evaluate RTS, ISS, CASS and TRISS scoring systems in blunt trauma abdomen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective single-center study was conducted on 43 patients of blunt trauma abdomen. Revised trauma score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), Clinical Abdominal Scoring System (CASS) and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) were calculated and compared with the outcomes such as need for surgical intervention, post-operative complications and mortality. RESULTS The majority of the study subjects were males (83.7%). The most common etiology for blunt trauma abdomen as per this study was road traffic accident (72.1%). Spleen was the most commonly injured organ as per the study. CASS and TRISS were significant in predicting the need for operative intervention. Only ISS significantly predicted post-operative complications. All scores except CASS significantly predicted mortality. CONCLUSIONS Among the scoring systems studied CASS and TRISS predicted the need for operative intervention with good accuracy. For the prediction of post-operative complications, only the ISS score showed statistical significance. ISS, RTS and TRISS predicted mortality with good accuracy but the superiority of one score over the other couldn't be proved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Alam
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghav Yelamanchi
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - C Durga
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Management of liver trauma in urban university hospitals in India: an observational multicentre cohort study. World J Emerg Surg 2020; 15:58. [PMID: 33059728 PMCID: PMC7560107 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contribute to 90% of injuries occurring in the world. The liver is one of the commonest organs injured in abdominal trauma. This study aims to highlight the demographic and management profile of liver injury patients, presenting to four urban Indian university hospitals in India. METHODS This is a retrospective registry-based study. Data of patients with liver injury either isolated or concomitant with other injuries was used using the ICD-10 code S36.1 for liver injury. The severity of injury was graded based on the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) grading for liver injuries. RESULTS A total of 368 liver injury patients were analysed. Eighty-nine percent were males, with road traffic injuries being the commonest mechanism. As per WSES liver injury grade, there were 127 (34.5%) grade I, 96 (26.1%) grade II, 70 (19.0%) grade III and 66 (17.9%) grade IV injuries. The overall mortality was 16.6%. Two hundred sixty-two patients (71.2%) were managed non-operatively (NOM), and 106 (38.8%) were operated. 90.1% of those managed non-operatively survived. CONCLUSION In this multicentre cohort of liver injury patients from urban university hospitals in India, the commonest profile of patient was a young male, with a blunt injury to the abdomen due to a road traffic accident. Success rate of non-operative management of liver injury is comparable to other countries.
Collapse
|
13
|
Basnet S, Shrestha SK, Pradhan A, Shrestha R, Shrestha AP, Sharma G, Bade S, Giri L. Diagnostic performance of the extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (EFAST) patients in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2020; 5:e000438. [PMID: 32789187 PMCID: PMC7389771 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2020-000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thoracoabdominal trauma presents a diagnostic challenge for the emergency physician. The introduction of bedside ultrasonography (USG) provides a screening tool to detect hemoperitoneum, hemothorax, pneumothorax and pericardial effusion in torso injuries. Aim To evaluate the accuracy of extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (EFAST) for chest and abdominal injuries performed by first responders in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal. Methods This was a prospective study including all trauma patients who obtained either an Injury Severity Score ≥15 or direct trauma to the trunk in 1 year period in the emergency department (ED) of Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital. The results of the EFAST were then compared with contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), radiology ultrasound (USG)/chest X-ray, or intraoperative findings when the EFAST was positive. The negative EFAST cases were observed for a minimum of 4 hours in the ED. Descriptive statistics and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. Results Out of 267 cases, 261 patients underwent an EFAST examination. The sensitivity and specificity were 94.8% and 99.5%, respectively. The negative predictive value was 98.53% whereas the positive predictive value was 98.21%. The overall accuracy was 99.4%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that EFAST examination performed by first-line healthcare providers is a useful method for assessment of thoracic and abdominal injuries. EFAST was found to have a high specificity (99.5%) and positive predictive value (98.21%) which indicates that it is an effective technique for detecting intra-abdominal or thoracic injuries. However, the effectiveness of EFAST is limited by its being operator dependent, and thereby human error. For negative EFAST cases, we recommend a monitoring period of at least 4 hours, serial fast scan, or further investigation through other methods such as a CECT. Level of evidence Level I
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samjhana Basnet
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Sanu Krishna Shrestha
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Alok Pradhan
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Roshana Shrestha
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Anmol Purna Shrestha
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Grishma Sharma
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Sahil Bade
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Latika Giri
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shojaee M, Sabzghabaei A, Heidari A. Efficacy of new scoring system for diagnosis of abdominal injury after blunt abdominal trauma in patients referred to emergency department. Chin J Traumatol 2020; 23:145-148. [PMID: 32312588 PMCID: PMC7296360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a common emergency and is significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. Our study was conducted to achieve the goal that a new scoring system could be used for the BAT patients. METHODS The statistical population of this study was 1000 patients with BAT referred to emergency department of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Sampling was carried out in a convenience non-random manner and continued to reach the required sample size. All the patients with BAT due to road traffic accidents, falls, and other direct blunt traumas such as punctures and kickbacks were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were after 3 months of pregnancy, under the age of 18, warfarin taking, no reliable medical history providing and penetrating trauma. The study questionnaire was based on BAT scoring system. The data were analyzed by SPSS V20 software. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the effectiveness of the new scoring system in predicting the BAT patients' outcome. RESULTS The mean age of the patients (n = 1000) was (35.79 ± 13.09) years. The mean score of patients was (6.29 ± 5.80). Based on this scoring system, the patients were divided into three categories. The first group was patients at low risk with score of less than 8, the second group was patients at moderate risk with score of 8-12 and the third group was patients at high risk with score of 12-24. The score of 661 (66.1%) patients were low, 109 (10.9%) were moderate and 230 (23%) had a high score. The association between hip fracture and abdominal tenderness with abdominal injury was significant (p < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 showing the reliability of this questionnaire to predict the future of patients. CONCLUSIONS The study tool has a sensitivity to predict the BAT patients' outcome, and has a proper specificity that can be used to reduce the use of harmful modalities such as computed tomography scan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Shojaee
- Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author.
| | - Anita Sabzghabaei
- Emergency Department, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Heidari
- Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lethal mesenteric perforation by osteophytes after blunt abdominal trauma. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2020; 16:535-539. [PMID: 32239426 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-020-00238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A 50 year-old homeless man was found dead the day after he had sustained blunt abdominal trauma during a physical assault. Autopsy revealed no apparent injury to the abdominal wall, but showed a massive hemoperitoneum resulting from a large (8 cm) tear of the mesenteric root. It also revealed prominent and diffuse spinal osteophytes predominating in the lumbar region, where they were fused and formed a large anterior ossified excrescence. The diagnosis of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis was established in the presence of continuous ossification along the anterior aspect of five contiguous vertebral bodies, without any additional features of degenerative disease on imaging. Death was attributed to intra-abdominal hemorrhage due to mesenteric perforation caused by blunt abdominal trauma in the context of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. This pre-existing condition was considered an aggravating factor, as anterior lumbar osteophytosis had made the mesentery more vulnerable to blunt trauma by reducing both the space separating the abdominal wall from the spine and the surface of interaction between the spine and the mesentery. Only a few cases of osteophyte-related visceral injury have been described in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lethal abdominal injury caused by osteophytes after blunt trauma.
Collapse
|
16
|
Goedecke M, Kühn F, Stratos I, Vasan R, Pertschy A, Klar E. No need for surgery? Patterns and outcomes of blunt abdominal trauma. Innov Surg Sci 2019; 4:100-107. [PMID: 31709301 PMCID: PMC6817729 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The management of a patient suffering from blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) remains a challenge for the emergency physician. Within the last few years, the standard therapy for hemodynamically stable patients with BAT has transitioned to a non-operative approach. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of patients with BAT and to determine the reasons for failure of non-operative management (NOM). Materials and methods Analysis of 176 consecutive patients treated for BAT was conducted in a German level 1 trauma center from 2004 to 2011. Abdominal injuries were classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). Patients included were demonstrated to have objective abdominal trauma with either free fluid on focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) or computed tomography (CT), or proven organ injury. Results Patients, 142 of 176 (80.7%), with BAT were initially managed non-operatively, with a success rate of 90%. The rates of NOM success were higher among those with less severe injuries; 100% with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of 1. In total, 125 patients (71.0%) were managed non-operatively, and 51 (29.0%) required surgical intervention. NOM failure occurred in 9.2% of the patients, the most common reason being initially undiagnosed intestinal perforation (46.2%). Positive correlation was identified (r = 0.512; p < 0.001) between the ISS (injury severity score) and the NACA (National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics) score. The delay in operation in NOM failure was 6 h in patients with underlying hepatic or splenic rupture and 34 h with intestinal perforation. The overall mortality of 5.1% was attributed especially to old age (p = 0.016), high severity of injury (p < 0.001), and greater need for blood transfusion (p < 0.001). Conclusion NOM was successful for the vast majority of blunt abdominal trauma patients, especially those with less severe injuries. NOM failure and operative delay were most commonly due to occult hollow viscus injury (HVI), the detection of which was achieved by close clinical observation and abdominal ultrasound in conjunction with monitoring for rising markers of infection and by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) if additionally indicated. Based on this concept, the delay in operation in patients with NOM failure was short. This study underscores the feasibility and benefit of NOM in BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Goedecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kühn
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ioannis Stratos
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robin Vasan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annette Pertschy
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ernst Klar
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abebe K, Bekele M, Tsehaye A, Lemmu B, Abebe E. Laparotomy for Abdominal Injury Indication & Outcome of patients at a Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2019; 29:503-512. [PMID: 31447524 PMCID: PMC6689702 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v29i4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal injury is among the major causes of trauma admissions. The aim was to determine etiology, commonly injured organs, indication and outcome of patients with abdominal injuries requiring laparotomy. Methods A retrospective study of all adult patients who underwent laparotomy for abdominal injury at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College was conducted from January 2014 to December 2016. The factors associated with outcome were identified with bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results Laparotomy for abdominal injury was performed for 145 patients. Of these, 129 (89%) case records were retrieved. The male to female ratio was 6.2:1. The mean age was 29 years, and most of them were unemployed. Penetrating trauma was the commonest injury, stab (46, 35.7%) and Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) (27, 20.9%) being the leading causes. Extra-abdominal injuries were seen in 33.3% (46) of the cases. Hollow organs were commonly injured than solid organs. Small intestine (35, 43.8%) and Spleen (17, 34.7%) were the leading injured organs in penetrating and blunt respectively. The main procedure performed was repair of hollow and solid organ laceration/perforation (70,54.3%). The negative laparotomy rate was 4.6% (6). Complications were seen in 23(17.8%) patients, the commonest being irreversible shock (7,30.4%). The mortality rate was 8.5 % (11), and it was significantly associated with blunt abdominal injury (AOR=7.25; 95% CI 1.09–48.37; p=0.041) and systolic blood pressure<90mmHg (AOR=8.66; 95% CI 1.1–68.41; p=0.041). Conclusion Stab and RTA were the commonest indications of laparotomy. The mortality was significantly associated with blunt abdominal injury and hypotension (SBP<90mmHg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirubel Abebe
- University of Health and Allied Sciences- Nursing, Ghana
| | - Mahteme Bekele
- University of Health and Allied Sciences- Nursing, Ghana
| | | | - Befekadu Lemmu
- University of Health and Allied Sciences- Nursing, Ghana
| | - Engida Abebe
- University of Health and Allied Sciences- Nursing, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kosola J, Brinck T, Leppäniemi A, Handolin L. Blunt Abdominal Trauma in a European Trauma Setting: Need for Complex or Non-Complex Skills in Emergency Laparotomy. Scand J Surg 2019; 109:89-95. [PMID: 30782110 DOI: 10.1177/1457496919828244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Blunt abdominal trauma can lead to substantial organ injury and hemorrhage necessitating open abdominal surgery. Currently, the trend in surgeon training is shifting away from general surgery and the surgical treatment of blunt abdominal trauma patients is often done by sub-specialized surgeons. The aim of this study was to identify what emergency procedures are needed after blunt abdominal trauma and whether they can be performed with the skill set of a general surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of blunt abdominal trauma patients requiring emergency laparotomy (n = 100) over the period 2006-2016 (Helsinki University Hospital Trauma Registry) were reviewed. The organ injuries and the complexity of the procedures were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 89 patients (no need for complex skills, NCS) were treated with the skill set of general surgeons while 11 patients required complex skills. Complex skills patients were more severely injured (New Injury Severity Score 56.4 vs 35.9, p < 0.001) and had a lower systolic blood pressure (mean: 89 vs 112, p = 0.044) and higher mean shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure: 1.43 vs 0.95, p = 0.012) on admission compared with NCS patients. The top three NCS procedures were splenectomy (n = 33), bowel repair (n = 31), and urinary bladder repair (n = 16). In patients requiring a complex procedure (CS), the bleeding site was the liver (n = 7) or a major blood vessel (n = 4). CONCLUSION The majority of patients requiring emergency laparotomy can be managed with the skills of a general surgeon. Non-responder blunt abdominal trauma patients with positive ultrasound are highly likely to require complex skills. The future training of surgeons should concentrate on NCS procedures while at the same time recognizing those injuries requiring complex skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kosola
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Brinck
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Leppäniemi
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Handolin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naeem BK, Perveen S, Naeem N, Ahmed T, Khan I, Khan I, Tahir M, Iqbal M. Visceral Injuries in Patients with Blunt and Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Presenting to a Tertiary Care Facility in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus 2018; 10:e3604. [PMID: 30680265 PMCID: PMC6338406 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abdominal injuries are responsible for 10% of the mortalities due to trauma. Delays in early diagnosis or misdiagnoses are two major reasons for the mortality and morbidity associated with abdominal trauma. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of visceral injuries in patients with abdominal trauma and compare the frequency of visceral injuries in patients with blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from May 2016 to May 2018 of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients were 12 to 65 years old and presented within 24 hours of abdominal trauma. We recorded the type of abdominal visceral injuries, such as liver, spleen, intestine, stomach, mesentery, and pancreas. Results The mean patient age was 31 ±13 years. Penetrating trauma was found in most patients (n=72, 51%). Liver injuries were found in 37 patients (26.4%), spleen injuries in 29 patient (20.7%), stomach injuries in eight patients (5.7%), intestine injuries in 67 patients (47.9%), mesentery injuries in 21 patients (15%), and pancreas injuries in nine patients (6.4%). The type of abdominal trauma was found significantly associated with liver injury (p-value 0.021), and intestine injury (p-value <0.001). Conclusion Penetrating trauma (51.4%) was more common than blunt trauma (48.5%), and intestines are the most commonly affected by penetrating and blunt trauma injuries (70.1% and 47.8%, respectively). The liver is the most commonly affected (42.85%) in blunt trauma injuries, followed by the spleen (28.5%). The appropriate authorities should consider this information when instituting public health and safety initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sughra Perveen
- General Surgery, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Nadia Naeem
- Miscellaneous, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, PAK
| | - Tanweer Ahmed
- General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Iqbal Khan
- General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, PAK
| | - Imran Khan
- General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, PAK
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Frequency of Miss Triage Using Emergency Severity Index and Shock Index in Patients with Abdominal Trauma. Trauma Mon 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.55647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
21
|
Jiménez-García A, Cardiel-Marmolejo L, Cerón-García C, Durán-Ortiz S. Splenectomy in abdominal trauma in the General Hospital of Balbuena from January 2010 to December 2014. REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
22
|
Jejunal Perforation Following Blunt Abdominal Trauma; a Case Report. ADVANCED JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2017; 1:e9. [PMID: 31172061 PMCID: PMC6548091 DOI: 10.22114/ajem.v1i1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The possibility of intestinal injury for all patients presenting to emergency department (ED) with blunt abdominal trauma, despite minimal physical signs should be considered. To highlight the patient management, hear, we report a case of hollow viscus injuries resulting from blunt abdominal trauma referring to a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. Case presentation: A 30-year-old man presented to the ED after “falling into a hole” with his back and had direct blunt abdominal trauma by a heavy bag of cement. In physical examination, there was a mild abdominal tenderness on right upper quadrant. On bedside ultrasonography, there was small free fluid in his Morison’s pouch without hypotension. So abdominal CT scan was performed which revealed free fluid in pelvic, perihepatic, and perisplenic spaces. Mural hematoma of proximal part of jejunum with mural wall hypodensity in mid jejunal loop were also revealed. The patient underwent surgery, and there was damage to the colon serosa and jejunal perforation which was primarily repaired. Conclusion: The presented case highlights the importance of obtaining history and physical exam and paying attention to the nature and mechanism of injury. Emergency physicians should be aware of hollow viscus injury in traumatic patients. Any delay in diagnosis and operative management are associated with an increase in mortality.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the management of liver injury has evolved significantly. The advancement of imaging studies has played an important role in the conservative approach for management. A shift from operative to nonoperative management for most hemodynamically stable patients with hepatic injury has been prompted by speed and sensitivity of diagnostic imaging and by advances in critical care monitoring. In this review article, the up-to-date recommendation on the management approach of liver trauma will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Alghamdi
- Department of Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- A N Smoliar
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hsu CY, Chen HJ, Hsu CY, Kao CH. Splenectomy increases the subsequent risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:271-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- A N Smolyar
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Department of Health, Moscow
| |
Collapse
|