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Ferreri A, Lang V, Kaufmann R, Buerger C. mTORC1 Activity in Psoriatic Lesions Is Mediated by Aberrant Regulation through the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182847. [PMID: 36139422 PMCID: PMC9497233 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the basal, proliferative layer of healthy skin, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is activated, thus regulating proliferation while preventing differentiation. When cells leave the proliferative, basal compartment, mTORC1 signaling is turned off, which allows differentiation. Under inflammatory conditions, this switch is hijacked by cytokines and prevents proper differentiation. It is currently unknown how mTORC1 is regulated to mediate these effects on keratinocyte differentiation. In other tissues, mTORC1 activity is controlled through various pathways via the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Thus, we investigated whether the TS complex is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. TNF-α as well as IL-1β induced the phosphorylation of TSC2, especially on S939 via the PI3-K/AKT and MAPK pathway. Surprisingly, increased TSC2 phosphorylation could not be detected in psoriasis patients. Instead, TSC2 was strongly downregulated in lesional psoriatic skin compared to non-lesional skin of the same patients or healthy skin. In vitro inflammatory cytokines induced dissociation of TSC2 from the lysosome, followed by destabilization of the TS complex and degradation. Thus, we assume that in psoriasis, inflammatory cytokines induce strong TSC2 phosphorylation, which in turn leads to its degradation. Consequently, chronic mTORC1 activity impairs ordered keratinocyte differentiation and contributes to the phenotypical changes seen in the psoriatic epidermis.
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Chen L, Xiao D, Tang F, Gao H, Li X. CAPN6 in disease: An emerging therapeutic target (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1644-1652. [PMID: 33000175 PMCID: PMC7521557 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the calpain protein family, calpain6 (CAPN6) is highly expressed mainly in the placenta and embryos. It plays a number of important roles in cellular processes, such as the stabilization of microtubules, the main-tenance of cell stability, the control of cell movement and the inhibition of apoptosis. In recent years, various studies have found that CAPN6 is one of the contributing factors associated with the tumorigenesis of uterine tumors and osteosarcoma, and that CAPN6 participates in the development of tumors by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and by inhibiting apoptosis, which is mainly regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Due to its abnormal cellular expression, CAPN6 has also been found to be associated with a number of diseases, such as white matter damage and muscular dystrophy. Therefore, CAPN6 may be a novel therapeutic target for these diseases. In the present review, the role of CAPN6 in disease and its possible use as a target in various therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fajuan Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hu Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xihong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Changes in Proteome of Fibroblasts Isolated from Psoriatic Skin Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155363. [PMID: 32731552 PMCID: PMC7432102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal fibroblasts are in constant contact with the cells of the immune system and skin epidermis. Therefore, they are essential for the development of lesions in psoriasis. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the proteomic profile of fibroblasts in the dermis of psoriasis patients, and to discuss the most significant changes and their potential consequences. The proteomic results indicate that fibroblast dysfunction arises from the upregulation of proinflammatory factors and antioxidant proteins, as well as those involved in signal transduction and participating in proteolytic processes. Moreover, downregulated proteins in psoriatic fibroblasts are mainly responsible for the transcription/translation processes, glycolysis/ adenosine triphosphate synthesis and structural molecules. These changes can directly affect intercellular signaling and promote the hyperproliferation of epidermal cells. A better understanding of the metabolic effects of the proteomic changes observed could guide the development of new pharmacotherapies for psoriasis.
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Jia H, Liu W, Zhang B, Wang J, Wu P, Tandra N, Liang Z, Ji C, Yin L, Hu X, Yan Y, Mao F, Zhang X, Yu J, Xu W, Qian H. HucMSC exosomes-delivered 14-3-3ζ enhanced autophagy via modulation of ATG16L in preventing cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:101-113. [PMID: 29422997 PMCID: PMC5801350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of cisplatin is restricted by its side effects of nephrotoxicity. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-ex) have an important effect in tissue injury repair. Our previous work discovered that pretreatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-ex) alleviated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by activating autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we further explored the mechanisms of hucMSC-ex in autophagy for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. We discovered that 14-3-3ζ was contained in hucMSC-ex, and knockdown and overexpression 14-3-3ζ reduced and enhanced the autophagic activity respectively. Furthermore, Knockdown of 14-3-3ζ alleviated the preventive effect of hucMSC-ex. In contrast, overexpression of 14-3-3ζ enhanced the effect. Further results confirmed that hucMSC-ex increased ATG16L expression and that 14-3-3ζ interacted with ATG16L, promoting the localization of ATG16L at autophagosome precursors. In this study, we revealed that hucMSC-ex-delivered 14-3-3ζ interacted with ATG16L to activate autophagy. Our findings suggest that 14-3-3ζ is a novel mechanism for MSC-exosomes-activated autophagy and provides a new strategy for the prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wanzhu Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Nitin Tandra
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Wang J, Jia H, Zhang B, Yin L, Mao F, Yu J, Ji C, Xu X, Yan Y, Xu W, Qian H. HucMSC exosome-transported 14-3-3ζ prevents the injury of cisplatin to HK-2 cells by inducing autophagy in vitro. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:29-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Voegeli R, Monneuse JM, Schoop R, Summers B, Rawlings AV. The effect of photodamage on the female Caucasian facial stratum corneum corneome using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 39:637-652. [PMID: 28865110 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of photodamage on facial stratum corneum (SC) is still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To describe the SC proteome from tape strippings of Caucasian SC from photoexposed cheek and photoprotected post-auricular (PA) site, a global analysis of photodamage on the skin will be developed leading to a better understanding of keratinocyte signalling pathways and identification of new molecular targets for the treatment of photoaged skin. METHODS Female Caucasian subjects had nine consecutive tape strippings taken from their cheeks and PA site. Proteins were extracted and the trypsin-digested peptides were analysed by nanochromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Data-dependent acquisition allowed protein identification that was processed by Paragon algorithm of Protein Pilot software. RESULTS Changes in the levels of epidermal differentiation proteins were apparent indicating poor epidermal differentiation and SC maturation (keratins, cornified envelope (CE) proteins) on photoexposed cheeks. Differences in protease-anti-protease balance were observed for corneodesmolysis (favouring desquamation) and filaggrinolysis (favouring reduced filaggrin processing). 12R-LOX, a CE maturation enzyme, was reduced in photodamaged skin but not transglutaminases. Changes in signal keratinocyte transduction pathway markers were demonstrated especially by reduced levels of downstream signalling markers such as calreticulin (unfolded protein response; UPR) and increased level of stratifin (target of rapamycin; mTOR). Evidence for impaired proteostasis was apparent by reduced levels of a key proteasomal subunit (subunit beta type-6). Finally, key antioxidant proteins were upregulated except catalase. CONCLUSION Clear examples of poor keratinocyte differentiation and associated metabolic and signalling pathways together with reduced SC maturation were identified in photodamaged facial SC. Corneocyte immaturity was evident with changes in CE proteins. Particularly, the reduction in 12R-LOX is a novel finding in photodamaged skin and supports the lack of SC maturation. Moreover, filaggrinolysis was reduced, whereas corneodesmolysis was enhanced. From our results, we propose that there is a poor cross-talk between the keratinocyte endoplasmic reticulum UPR, proteasome network and autophagy machinery that possibly leads to impaired keratinocyte proteostasis. Superimposed on these aberrations is an apparently enhanced mTOR pathway that also contributes to reduced SC formation and maturation. Our results clearly indicate a corneocyte scaffold disorder in photodamaged cheek SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Voegeli
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 571, 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - J-M Monneuse
- Phylogene S.A., 62, Route Nationale 113, 30620, Bernis, France
| | - R Schoop
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 571, 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - B Summers
- Photobiology Laboratory, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi St, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A V Rawlings
- AVR Consulting Ltd., 26 Shavington Way, Northwich, Cheshire CW9 8FH, UK
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