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Tiwari V, Alam MJ, Bhatia M, Navya M, Banerjee SK. The structure and function of lamin A/C: Special focus on cardiomyopathy and therapeutic interventions. Life Sci 2024; 341:122489. [PMID: 38340979 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Lamins are inner nuclear membrane proteins that belong to the intermediate filament family. Lamin A/C lie adjacent to the heterochromatin structure in polymer form, providing skeletal to the nucleus. Based on the localization, lamin A/C provides nuclear stability and cytoskeleton to the nucleus and modulates chromatin organization and gene expression. Besides being the structural protein making the inner nuclear membrane in polymer form, lamin A/C functions as a signalling molecule involved in gene expression as an enhancer inside the nucleus. Lamin A/C regulates various cellular pathways like autophagy and energy balance in the cytoplasm. Its expression is highly variable in differentiated tissues, higher in hard tissues like bone and muscle cells, and lower in soft tissues like the liver and brain. In muscle cells, including the heart, lamin A/C must be expressed in a balanced state. Lamin A/C mutation is linked with various diseases, such as muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, and cardiomyopathies. It has been observed that a good number of mutations in the LMNA gene impact cardiac activity and its function. Although several works have been published, there are still several unexplored areas left regarding the lamin A/C function and structure in the cardiovascular system and its pathological state. In this review, we focus on the structural organization, expression pattern, and function of lamin A/C, its interacting partners, and the pathophysiology associated with mutations in the lamin A/C gene, with special emphasis on cardiovascular diseases. With the recent finding on lamin A/C, we have summarized the possible therapeutic interventions to treat cardiovascular symptoms and reverse the molecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India; Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhavi Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Malladi Navya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India.
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Cobelo-Gómez S, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Fernández-Pombo A, Araújo-Vilar D. Effect of β-Estradiol on Adipogenesis in a 3T3-L1 Cell Model of Prelamin A Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1282. [PMID: 38279282 PMCID: PMC10816192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A has been suggested as one of the mechanisms responsible for the loss of fat in type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy due to variants in the LMNA gene. In this rare disease, fat loss appears in women after puberty, affecting sex-hormone-dependent anatomical areas. This study investigated the impact of 17-β-estradiol on adipogenesis in murine preadipocytes subjected to a pharmacologically induced accumulation of farnesylated and non-farnesylated prelamin A. To induce the accumulation of non-farnesylated or farnesylated prelamin A, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor 277 or the methyltransferase inhibitor N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-l-cysteine methylester. Subsequently, the cells were induced to undergo adipocyte differentiation in the presence or absence of 17-β-estradiol. Prelamin A accumulation was assessed through immunofluorescence, while real-time PCR and Western blot techniques were used to quantify several adipogenic genes and evaluate protein levels, respectively. The results showed that 17-β-estradiol increased adipogenesis, although the combination of this hormone plus farnesylated prelamin A led to a reduction in the number of mature adipocytes and the expression of the different genes involved in adipogenesis. In conclusion, the influence of farnesylated prelamin A accumulation on adipogenesis manifested only in the presence of estradiol. These in vitro findings suggest a potential mechanism that could explain the characteristic phenotype in women suffering type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Araújo-Vilar
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.C.-G.); (S.S.-I.); (A.F.-P.)
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3
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Schena E, Mattioli E, Peres C, Zanotti L, Morselli P, Iozzo P, Guzzardi MA, Bernardini C, Forni M, Nesci S, Caprio M, Cecchetti C, Pagotto U, Gabusi E, Cattini L, Lisignoli G, Blalock W, Gambineri A, Lattanzi G. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Prevents Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Brown Adipocyte Dysfunction. Cells 2023; 12:2586. [PMID: 37998321 PMCID: PMC10670260 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD2), a rare lipodystrophy caused by LMNA mutations, is characterized by a loss of subcutaneous fat from the trunk and limbs and excess accumulation of adipose tissue in the neck and face. Several studies have reported that the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an essential role in adipose tissue differentiation and functionality. We previously showed that brown preadipocytes isolated from a FPLD2 patient's neck aberrantly differentiate towards the white lineage. As this condition may be related to MR activation, we suspected altered MR dynamics in FPLD2. Despite cytoplasmic MR localization in control brown adipocytes, retention of MR was observed in FPLD2 brown adipocyte nuclei. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type or mutated prelamin A caused GFP-MR recruitment to the nuclear envelope in HEK293 cells, while drug-induced prelamin A co-localized with endogenous MR in human preadipocytes. Based on in silico analysis and in situ protein ligation assays, we could suggest an interaction between prelamin A and MR, which appears to be inhibited by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism. Importantly, the MR antagonist spironolactone redirected FPLD2 preadipocyte differentiation towards the brown lineage, avoiding the formation of enlarged and dysmorphic lipid droplets. Finally, beneficial effects on brown adipose tissue activity were observed in an FPLD2 patient undergoing spironolactone treatment. These findings identify MR as a new lamin A interactor and a new player in lamin A-linked lipodystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Schena
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Peres
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Zanotti
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.C.); (U.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Morselli
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Specialised, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.I.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Maria Angela Guzzardi
- CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.I.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Cecchetti
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.C.); (U.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.C.); (U.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elena Gabusi
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.G.); (L.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Luca Cattini
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.G.); (L.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.G.); (L.C.); (G.L.)
| | - William Blalock
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.C.); (U.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Cobb AM, De Silva SA, Hayward R, Sek K, Ulferts S, Grosse R, Shanahan CM. Filamentous nuclear actin regulation of PML NBs during the DNA damage response is deregulated by prelamin A. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1042. [PMID: 36522328 PMCID: PMC9755150 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear actin participates in a continuously expanding list of core processes within eukaryotic nuclei, including the maintenance of genomic integrity. In response to DNA damage, nuclear actin polymerises into filaments that are involved in the repair of damaged DNA through incompletely defined mechanisms. We present data to show that the formation of nuclear F-actin in response to genotoxic stress acts as a scaffold for PML NBs and that these filamentous networks are essential for PML NB fission and recruitment of microbodies to DNA lesions. Further to this, we demonstrate that the accumulation of the toxic lamin A precursor prelamin A induces mislocalisation of nuclear actin to the nuclear envelope and prevents the establishment of nucleoplasmic F-actin networks in response to stress. Consequently, PML NB dynamics and recruitment to DNA lesions is ablated, resulting in impaired DNA damage repair. Inhibition of nuclear export of formin mDia2 restores nuclear F-actin formation by augmenting polymerisation of nuclear actin in response to stress and rescues PML NB localisation to sites of DNA repair, leading to reduced levels of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Cobb
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Shanelle A. De Silva
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hayward
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Karolina Sek
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Svenja Ulferts
- grid.5963.9Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- grid.5963.9Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
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5
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MacTaggart B, Kashina A. Posttranslational modifications of the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:142-173. [PMID: 34152688 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton plays important roles in many essential processes at the cellular and organismal levels, including cell migration and motility, cell division, and the establishment and maintenance of cell and tissue architecture. In order to facilitate these varied functions, the main cytoskeletal components-microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments-must form highly diverse intracellular arrays in different subcellular areas and cell types. The question of how this diversity is conferred has been the focus of research for decades. One key mechanism is the addition of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to the major cytoskeletal proteins. This posttranslational addition of various chemical groups dramatically increases the complexity of the cytoskeletal proteome and helps facilitate major global and local cytoskeletal functions. Cytoskeletal proteins undergo many PTMs, most of which are not well understood. Recent technological advances in proteomics and cell biology have allowed for the in-depth study of individual PTMs and their functions in the cytoskeleton. Here, we provide an overview of the major PTMs that occur on the main structural components of the three cytoskeletal systems-tubulin, actin, and intermediate filament proteins-and highlight the cellular function of these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany MacTaggart
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Kashina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Araújo-Vilar D, Fernández-Pombo A, Victoria B, Mosquera-Orgueira A, Cobelo-Gómez S, Castro-Pais A, Hermida-Ameijeiras Á, Loidi L, Sánchez-Iglesias S. Variable Expressivity and Allelic Heterogeneity in Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: The p.(Thr528Met) LMNA Variant. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071497. [PMID: 33916827 PMCID: PMC8038443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy, or Dunnigan disease, is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution. This rare condition results from variants principally affecting exons 8 and 11 of the LMNA gene. In this study, five FPLD2-diagnosed patients carrying the c.1583C>T, p.(Thr528Met) variant in exon 9 of the LMNA gene and with obvious clinical heterogeneity were evaluated. Specific polymorphisms in LMNA and in PPARG were also detected. Exhaustive clinical course, physical examination, biochemical features and family history were recorded, along with the assessment of anthropometric features and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Preadipocytes obtained from a T528M patient were treated with the classic adipose differentiation medium with pioglitazone. Various adipogenes were evaluated by real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence was used to study intracellular localization of emerin, lamin A and its precursors. As demonstrated with Oil red O staining, the preadipocytes of the T528M patient failed to differentiate, the expression of various adipogenic genes was reduced in the lipodystrophic patient and immunofluorescence studies showed an accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A in T528M cells. We conclude that the T528M variant in LMNA could lead to FPLD2, as the adipogenic machinery is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Berta Victoria
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Adrián Mosquera-Orgueira
- Department of Hematology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Silvia Cobelo-Gómez
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
| | - Ana Castro-Pais
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hermida-Ameijeiras
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lourdes Loidi
- Fundación Galega de Medicina Xenómica, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881-815-446
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Marcelot A, Worman HJ, Zinn-Justin S. Protein structural and mechanistic basis of progeroid laminopathies. FEBS J 2020; 288:2757-2772. [PMID: 32799420 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progeroid laminopathies are characterized by the premature appearance of certain signs of physiological aging in a subset of tissues. They are caused by mutations in genes coding for A-type lamins or lamin-binding proteins. Here, we review how different mutations causing progeroid laminopathies alter protein structure or protein-protein interactions and how these impact on mechanisms that protect cell viability and function. One group of progeroid laminopathies, which includes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, is characterized by accumulation of unprocessed prelamin A or variants. These are caused by mutations in the A-type lamin gene (LMNA), altering prelamin A itself, or in ZMPSTE24, encoding an endoprotease involved in its processing. The abnormally expressed farnesylated proteins impact on various cellular processes that may contribute to progeroid phenotypes. Other LMNA mutations lead to the production of nonfarnesylated A-type lamin variants with amino acid substitutions in solvent-exposed hot spots located mainly in coil 1B and the immunoglobulin fold domain. Dominant missense mutations might reinforce interactions between lamin domains, thus giving rise to excessively stabilized filament networks. Recessive missense mutations in A-type lamins and barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) causing progeroid disorders are found at the interface between these interacting proteins. The amino acid changes decrease the binding affinity of A-type lamins for BAF, which may contribute to lamina disorganization, as well as defective repair of mechanically induced nuclear envelope rupture. Targeting these molecular alterations in A-type lamins and associated proteins identified through structural biology studies could facilitate the design of therapeutic strategies to treat patients with rare but severe progeroid laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Marcelot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Uni Paris-Sud, Uni Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Zinn-Justin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Uni Paris-Sud, Uni Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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8
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Lamin A/C Mechanotransduction in Laminopathies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051306. [PMID: 32456328 PMCID: PMC7291067 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction translates forces into biological responses and regulates cell functionalities. It is implicated in several diseases, including laminopathies which are pathologies associated with mutations in lamins and lamin-associated proteins. These pathologies affect muscle, adipose, bone, nerve, and skin cells and range from muscular dystrophies to accelerated aging. Although the exact mechanisms governing laminopathies and gene expression are still not clear, a strong correlation has been found between cell functionality and nuclear behavior. New theories base on the direct effect of external force on the genome, which is indeed sensitive to the force transduced by the nuclear lamina. Nuclear lamina performs two essential functions in mechanotransduction pathway modulating the nuclear stiffness and governing the chromatin remodeling. Indeed, A-type lamin mutation and deregulation has been found to affect the nuclear response, altering several downstream cellular processes such as mitosis, chromatin organization, DNA replication-transcription, and nuclear structural integrity. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the molecular composition and architecture of the nuclear lamina, its role in healthy cells and disease regulation. We focus on A-type lamins since this protein family is the most involved in mechanotransduction and laminopathies.
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Pellegrini C, Columbaro M, Schena E, Prencipe S, Andrenacci D, Iozzo P, Angela Guzzardi M, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Loi M, Araujo-Vilar D, Squarzoni S, Cinti S, Morselli P, Giorgetti A, Zanotti L, Gambineri A, Lattanzi G. Altered adipocyte differentiation and unbalanced autophagy in type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: an in vitro and in vivo study of adipose tissue browning. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-17. [PMID: 31375660 PMCID: PMC6802660 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy is caused by LMNA mutations. Patients gradually lose subcutaneous fat from the limbs, while they accumulate adipose tissue in the face and neck. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy is involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and the maintenance of the balance between white and brown adipose tissue. We identified deregulation of autophagy in laminopathic preadipocytes before induction of differentiation. Moreover, in differentiating white adipocyte precursors, we observed impairment of large lipid droplet formation, altered regulation of adipose tissue genes, and expression of the brown adipose tissue marker UCP1. Conversely, in lipodystrophic brown adipocyte precursors induced to differentiate, we noticed activation of autophagy, formation of enlarged lipid droplets typical of white adipocytes, and dysregulation of brown adipose tissue genes. In agreement with these in vitro results indicating conversion of FPLD2 brown preadipocytes toward the white lineage, adipose tissue from FPLD2 patient neck, an area of brown adipogenesis, showed a white phenotype reminiscent of its brown origin. Moreover, in vivo morpho-functional evaluation of fat depots in the neck area of three FPLD2 patients by PET/CT analysis with cold stimulation showed the absence of brown adipose tissue activity. These findings highlight a new pathogenetic mechanism leading to improper fat distribution in lamin A-linked lipodystrophies and show that both impaired white adipocyte turnover and failure of adipose tissue browning contribute to disease. An abnormal distribution of fatty tissues associated with certain tissue disorders is driven by disrupted fat cell differentiation. Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) is a genetic condition that results in fat being lost from the limbs and accumulating in the face and neck. Giovanna Lattanzi at the National Research Council of Italy in Bologna and co-workers found that fat cell (adipocyte) precursors did not clearly differentiate into either of the two main fatty tissue types, brown or white, in FPLD2 patients. White adipocyte precursors exhibited impaired lipid formation and abnormal levels of brown tissue markers. Conversely, brown adipocyte precursors showed high lipid levels and increased autophagy, a natural process involving degradation and recycling of cellular components. The neck is normally where brown fat accumulates, but FPLD2 patients had adipocytes there displaying white fat characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pellegrini
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Schena
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabino Prencipe
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Andrenacci
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Guzzardi
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David Araujo-Vilar
- Department of Medicine, CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (UniversitàPolitecnicadelle Marche), Ancona, Italy.,Center of Obesity of University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Morselli
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Specialised, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura Zanotti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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10
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Clements CS, Bikkul MU, Ofosu W, Eskiw C, Tree D, Makarov E, Kill IR, Bridger JM. Presence and distribution of progerin in HGPS cells is ameliorated by drugs that impact on the mevalonate and mTOR pathways. Biogerontology 2019; 20:337-358. [PMID: 31041622 PMCID: PMC6535420 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, premature ageing syndrome in children. HGPS is normally caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene, encoding nuclear lamin A. The classical mutation in HGPS leads to the production of a toxic truncated version of lamin A, progerin, which retains a farnesyl group. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI), pravastatin and zoledronic acid have been used in clinical trials to target the mevalonate pathway in HGPS patients to inhibit farnesylation of progerin, in order to reduce its toxicity. Some other compounds that have been suggested as treatments include rapamycin, IGF1 and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). We have analysed the distribution of prelamin A, lamin A, lamin A/C, progerin, lamin B1 and B2 in nuclei of HGPS cells before and after treatments with these drugs, an FTI and a geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor (GGTI) and FTI with pravastatin and zoledronic acid in combination. Confirming other studies prelamin A, lamin A, progerin and lamin B2 staining was different between control and HGPS fibroblasts. The drugs that reduced progerin staining were FTI, pravastatin, zoledronic acid and rapamycin. However, drugs affecting the mevalonate pathway increased prelamin A, with only FTI reducing internal prelamin A foci. The distribution of lamin A in HGPS cells was improved with treatments of FTI, pravastatin and FTI + GGTI. All treatments reduced the number of cells displaying internal speckles of lamin A/C and lamin B2. Drugs targeting the mevalonate pathway worked best for progerin reduction, with zoledronic acid removing internal progerin speckles. Rapamycin and NAC, which impact on the MTOR pathway, both reduced both pools of progerin without increasing prelamin A in HGPS cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Clements
- Progeria Research Team, Ageing Studies Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Mehmet U Bikkul
- Progeria Research Team, Ageing Studies Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Wendy Ofosu
- Progeria Research Team, Ageing Studies Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Christopher Eskiw
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7B 5A8, Canada
| | - David Tree
- Progeria Research Team, Ageing Studies Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Evgeny Makarov
- Progeria Research Team, Ageing Studies Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Ian R Kill
- Progeria Research Team, Ageing Studies Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Joanna M Bridger
- Progeria Research Team, Ageing Studies Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK. .,Genome Engineering and Maintenance Network, Ageing Studies Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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11
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Lattanzi G, Ortolani M, Columbaro M, Prencipe S, Mattioli E, Lanzarini C, Maraldi NM, Cenni V, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Storci G, Bonafè M, Capanni C, Franceschi C. Lamins are rapamycin targets that impact human longevity: a study in centenarians. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:147-57. [PMID: 24155329 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic organisation of the cell nucleus is profoundly modified during growth, development and senescence as a result of changes in chromatin arrangement and gene transcription. A plethora of data suggests that the nuclear lamina is a key player in chromatin dynamics and argues in favour of a major involvement of prelamin A in fundamental mechanisms regulating cellular senescence and organism ageing. As the best model to analyse the role of prelamin A in normal ageing, we used cells from centenarian subjects. We show that prelamin A is accumulated in fibroblasts from centenarians owing to downregulation of its specific endoprotease ZMPSTE24, whereas other nuclear envelope constituents are mostly unaffected and cells do not enter senescence. Accumulation of prelamin A in nuclei of cells from centenarians elicits loss of heterochromatin, as well as recruitment of the inactive form of 53BP1, associated with rapid response to oxidative stress. These effects, including the prelamin-A-mediated increase of nuclear 53BP1, can be reproduced by rapamycin treatment of cells from younger individuals. These data identify prelamin A and 53BP1 as new targets of rapamycin that are associated with human longevity. We propose that the reported mechanisms safeguard healthy ageing in humans through adaptation of the nuclear environment to stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Lattanzi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Donadille B, D'Anella P, Auclair M, Uhrhammer N, Sorel M, Grigorescu R, Ouzounian S, Cambonie G, Boulot P, Laforêt P, Carbonne B, Christin-Maitre S, Bignon YJ, Vigouroux C. Partial lipodystrophy with severe insulin resistance and adult progeria Werner syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:106. [PMID: 23849162 PMCID: PMC3720184 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laminopathies, due to mutations in LMNA, encoding A type-lamins, can lead to premature ageing and/or lipodystrophic syndromes, showing that these diseases could have close physiopathological relationships. We show here that lipodystrophy and extreme insulin resistance can also reveal the adult progeria Werner syndrome linked to mutations in WRN, encoding a RecQ DNA helicase. Methods We analysed the clinical and biological features of two women, aged 32 and 36, referred for partial lipodystrophic syndrome which led to the molecular diagnosis of Werner syndrome. Cultured skin fibroblasts from one patient were studied. Results Two normal-weighted women presented with a partial lipodystrophic syndrome with hypertriglyceridemia and liver steatosis. One of them had also diabetes. Both patients showed a peculiar, striking lipodystrophic phenotype with subcutaneous lipoatrophy of the four limbs contrasting with truncal and abdominal fat accumulation. Their oral glucose tolerance tests showed extremely high levels of insulinemia, revealing major insulin resistance. Low serum levels of sex-hormone binding globulin and adiponectin suggested a post-receptor insulin signalling defect. Other clinical features included bilateral cataracts, greying hair and distal skin atrophy. We observed biallelic WRN null mutations in both women (p.Q748X homozygous, and compound heterozygous p.Q1257X/p.M1329fs). Their fertility was decreased, with preserved menstrual cycles and normal follicle-stimulating hormone levels ruling out premature ovarian failure. However undetectable anti-müllerian hormone and inhibin B indicated diminished follicular ovarian reserve. Insulin-resistance linked ovarian hyperandrogenism could also contribute to decreased fertility, and the two patients became pregnant after initiation of insulin-sensitizers (metformin). Both pregnancies were complicated by severe cervical incompetence, leading to the preterm birth of a healthy newborn in one case, but to a second trimester-abortion in the other. WRN-mutated fibroblasts showed oxidative stress, increased lamin B1 expression, nuclear dysmorphies and premature senescence. Conclusions We show here for the first time that partial lipodystrophy with severe insulin resistance can reveal WRN-linked premature aging syndrome. Increased expression of lamin B1 with altered lamina architecture observed in WRN-mutated fibroblasts could contribute to premature cellular senescence. Primary alterations in DNA replication and/or repair should be considered as possible causes of lipodystrophic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Donadille
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, F-75012, Paris, France
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13
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Camozzi D, D'Apice MR, Schena E, Cenni V, Columbaro M, Capanni C, Maraldi NM, Squarzoni S, Ortolani M, Novelli G, Lattanzi G. Altered chromatin organization and SUN2 localization in mandibuloacral dysplasia are rescued by drug treatment. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:643-51. [PMID: 22706480 PMCID: PMC3432780 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) is a rare laminopathy characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, bone resorption at specific sites including clavicles, phalanges and mandibula, mottled cutaneous pigmentation, skin rigidity, partial lipodystrophy, and insulin resistance. The disorder is caused by recessive mutations of the LMNA gene encoding for A-type lamins. The molecular feature of MADA consists in the accumulation of the unprocessed lamin A precursor, which is detected at the nuclear rim and in intranuclear aggregates. Here, we report the characterization of prelamin A post-translational modifications in MADA cells that induce alterations in the chromatin arrangement and dislocation of nuclear envelope-associated proteins involved in correct nucleo-cytoskeleton relationships. We show that protein post-translational modifications change depending on the passage number, suggesting the onset of a feedback mechanism. Moreover, we show that treatment of MADA cells with the farnesyltransferase inhibitors is effective in the recovery of the chromatin phenotype, altered in MADA, provided that the cells are at low passage number, while at high passage number, the treatment results ineffective. Moreover, the distribution of the lamin A interaction partner SUN2, a constituent of the nuclear envelope, is altered by MADA mutations, as argued by the formation of a highly disorganized lattice. Treatment with statins partially rescues proper SUN2 organization, indicating that its alteration is caused by farnesylated prelamin A accumulation. Given the major role of SUN1 and SUN2 in the nucleo-cytoskeleton interactions and in regulation of nuclear positioning in differentiating cells, we hypothesise that mechanisms regulating nuclear membrane-centrosome interplay and nuclear movement may be affected in MADA fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Camozzi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, National Research Council of Italy-CNR, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Reddy S, Comai L. Lamin A, farnesylation and aging. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1-7. [PMID: 21871450 PMCID: PMC4209918 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A is a component of the nuclear envelope that is synthesized as a precursor prelamin A molecule and then processed into mature lamin A through sequential steps of posttranslational modifications and proteolytic cleavages. Remarkably, over 400 distinct point mutations have been so far identified throughout the LMNA gene, which result in the development of at least ten distinct human disorders, collectively known as laminopathies, among which is the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). The majority of HGPS cases are associated with a single point mutation in the LMNA gene that causes the production of a permanently farnesylated mutant lamin A protein termed progerin. The mechanism by which progerin leads to premature aging and the classical HGPS disease phenotype as well as the relationship between this disorder and the onset of analogous symptoms during the lifespan of a normal individual are not well understood. Yet, recent studies have provided critical insights on the cellular processes that are affected by accumulation of progerin and have suggested that cellular alterations in the lamin A processing pathway leading to the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A intermediates may play a role in the aging process in the general population. In this review we provide a short background on lamin A and its maturation pathway and discuss the current knowledge of how progerin or alterations in the prelamin A processing pathway are thought to influence cell function and contribute to human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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15
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Mattioli E, Columbaro M, Capanni C, Maraldi NM, Cenni V, Scotlandi K, Marino MT, Merlini L, Squarzoni S, Lattanzi G. Prelamin A-mediated recruitment of SUN1 to the nuclear envelope directs nuclear positioning in human muscle. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1305-15. [PMID: 21311568 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A is a nuclear lamina constituent expressed in differentiated cells. Mutations in the LMNA gene cause several diseases, including muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy. Among the nuclear envelope partners of lamin A are Sad1 and UNC84 domain-containing protein 1 (SUN1) and Sad1 and UNC84 domain-containing protein 2 (SUN2), which mediate nucleo-cytoskeleton interactions critical to the anchorage of nuclei. In this study, we show that differentiating human myoblasts accumulate farnesylated prelamin A, which elicits upregulation and recruitment of SUN1 to the nuclear envelope and favors SUN2 enrichment at the nuclear poles. Indeed, impairment of prelamin A farnesylation alters SUN1 recruitment and SUN2 localization. Moreover, nuclear positioning in myotubes is severely affected in the absence of farnesylated prelamin A. Importantly, reduced prelamin A and SUN1 levels are observed in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) myoblasts, concomitant with altered myonuclear positioning. These results demonstrate that the interplay between SUN1 and farnesylated prelamin A contributes to nuclear positioning in human myofibers and may be implicated in pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mattioli
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Columbaro M, Mattioli E, Schena E, Capanni C, Cenni V, Levy N, Navarro CL, Del Coco R, Squarzoni S, Camozzi D, Hutchison CJ, Wehnert M, Lattanzi G. Prelamin A processing and functional effects in restrictive dermopathy. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4766-8. [PMID: 21127399 PMCID: PMC3048041 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.23.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Columbaro
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology; IOR, Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Schena
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology; IOR, Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicolas Levy
- INSERM U910; Faculté de Médecine la Timone; Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Daria Camozzi
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology; IOR, Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | - Chris J Hutchison
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Intergrative Cell Biology Laboratories; Durham University; Stockton-on-Tees UK
| | - Manfred Wehnert
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Greifswald; Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Victoria B, Cabezas-Agrícola JM, González-Méndez B, Lattanzi G, Del Coco R, Loidi L, Barreiro F, Calvo C, Lado-Abeal J, Araújo-Vilar D. Reduced adipogenic gene expression in fibroblasts from a patient with type 2 congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Diabet Med 2010; 27:1178-87. [PMID: 20854387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Beradinelli-Seip congenital generalized lipodystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by near-complete absence of adipose tissue, Herculean appearance, insulin resistance, hypoleptinaemia and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of pioglitazone on the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis in fibroblasts from a patient with this condition due to a seipin mutation. METHODS Primary cultures of fibroblasts from the skin of the patient were obtained. Fibroblasts were treated with classic adipose differentiation medium, with and without pioglitazone. Several adipogenes were evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Intracellular localization of prelamin A was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The expression of the adipogenic genes PPARG, LPL, LEP and SLC2A4 was reduced in lipodystrophic fibroblasts, while treatment with pioglitazone increased the expression of these genes. Moreover, and unexpectedly, we found an accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A in lipodystrophic fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The process of adipocyte differentiation is compromised in patients with Beradinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy owing to diminished expression of the regulatory genes involved, which pioglitazone treatment partially rescues. Prelamin A accumulation establishes a link with other types of familial lipodystrophies, as familial partial lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Victoria
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (UETeM), Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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