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Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A review of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) role and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116045. [PMID: 38336156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. The hallmarks of cancer evidence the acquired cells characteristics that promote the growth of malignant tumours, including genomic instability and mutations, the ability to evade cellular death and the capacity of sustaining proliferative signalization. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a protein that plays key roles in cellular regulation, namely in DNA damage repair and cell survival. The inhibition of PARP1 promotes cellular death in cells with homologous recombination deficiency, and therefore, the interest in PARP protein has been rising as a target for anticancer therapies. There are already some PARP1 inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Olaparib and Niraparib. The last compound presents in its structure an indazole core. In fact, pyrazoles and indazoles have been raising interest due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as inhibitors of PARP1 and presented promising results. Therefore, this review aims to address the importance of PARP1 in cell regulation and its role in cancer. Moreover, it intends to report a comprehensive literature review of PARP1 inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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2
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Wang C, Liu A, Chen J, Liu S, Wei W. Sensitive detection of PARP-1 activity by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based on biomineralization. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1249:340937. [PMID: 36868772 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP)ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has attracted much attention as a tumor marker in recent years. Based on the large negative charge and hyperbranched structure of PARP-1 amplified products (PAR), many detection methods have been established. Herein, we proposed a label-free electrochemical impedance detection method based on the large amount of phosphate groups (PO43-) on the surface of PAR. Although EIS method has high sensitivity, it is not sensitive enough to discern PAR effectively. Therefore, biomineralization was incorporated to increase the resistance value (Rct) distinctly because of the poor electrical conductivity of CaP. During biomineralization process, plentiful Ca2+ was captured by PO43- of PAR through electrostatic interaction, resulting in an increasing Rct of modified ITO electrode. In contrast, when PRAP-1 was absent, only a little Ca2+ was adsorbed on the phosphate backbone of the activating dsDNA. As a result, the biomineralization effect was slight and only a negligible Rct change occurred. Experiment results showed that Rct was associated closely with the activity of PARP-1. There was a linear correlation between them when the activity value was in the range of 0.005-1.0 U. The calculated detection limit was 0.003 U. Results of real samples detection and the recovery experiments were satisfactory, indicating the method has an excellent application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Anran Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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3
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Sreekumar S, Zhou D, Mpoy C, Schenk E, Scott J, Arbeit JM, Xu J, Rogers BE. Preclinical Efficacy of a PARP-1 Targeted Auger-Emitting Radionuclide in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3083. [PMID: 36834491 PMCID: PMC9967758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for better therapeutic strategies for advanced prostate cancer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a chromatin-binding DNA repair enzyme overexpressed in prostate cancer. This study evaluates whether PARP-1, on account of its proximity to the cell's DNA, would be a good target for delivering high-linear energy transfer Auger radiation to induce lethal DNA damage in prostate cancer cells. We analyzed the correlation between PARP-1 expression and Gleason score in a prostate cancer tissue microarray. A radio-brominated Auger emitting inhibitor ([77Br]Br-WC-DZ) targeting PARP-1 was synthesized. The ability of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ to induce cytotoxicity and DNA damage was assessed in vitro. The antitumor efficacy of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ was investigated in prostate cancer xenograft models. PARP-1 expression was found to be positively correlated with the Gleason score, thus making it an attractive target for Auger therapy in advanced diseases. The Auger emitter, [77Br]Br-WC-DZ, induced DNA damage, G2-M cell cycle phase arrest, and cytotoxicity in PC-3 and IGR-CaP1 prostate cancer cells. A single dose of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ inhibited the growth of prostate cancer xenografts and improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our studies establish the fact that PARP-1 targeting Auger emitters could have therapeutic implications in advanced prostate cancer and provides a strong rationale for future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sreekumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elsa Schenk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jalen Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Arbeit
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Buck E. Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Haq MFU, Hussain MZ, Mahjabeen I, Akram Z, Saeed N, Shafique R, Abbasi SF, Kayani MA. Oncometabolic role of mitochondrial sirtuins in glioma patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281840. [PMID: 36809279 PMCID: PMC9943017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial sirtuins have diverse role specifically in aging, metabolism and cancer. In cancer, these sirtuins play dichotomous role as tumor suppressor and promoter. Previous studies have reported the involvement of sirtuins in different cancers. However, till now no study has been published with respect to mitochondrial sirtuins and glioma risks. Present study was purposed to figure out the expression level of mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5) and related genes (GDH, OGG1-2α, SOD1, SOD2, HIF1α and PARP1) in 153 glioma tissue samples and 200 brain tissue samples from epilepsy patients (taken as controls). To understand the role of selected situins in gliomagenesis, DNA damage was measured using the comet assay and oncometabolic role (oxidative stress level, ATP level and NAD level) was measured using the ELISA and quantitative PCR. Results analysis showed significant down-regulation of SIRT4 (p = 0.0337), SIRT5 (p<0.0001), GDH (p = 0.0305), OGG1-2α (p = 0.0001), SOD1 (p<0.0001) and SOD2 (p<0.0001) in glioma patients compared to controls. In case of SIRT3 (p = 0.0322), HIF1α (p = 0.0385) and PARP1 (p = 0.0203), significant up-regulation was observed. ROC curve analysis and cox regression analysis showed the good diagnostic and prognostic value of mitochondrial sirtuins in glioma patients. Oncometabolic rate assessment analysis showed significant increased ATP level (p<0.0001), NAD+ level [(NMNAT1 (p<0.0001), NMNAT3 (p<0.0001) and NAMPT (p<0.04)] and glutathione level (p<0.0001) in glioma patients compared to controls. Significant increased level of damage ((p<0.04) and decrease level of antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase (SOD, p<0.0001), catalase (CAT, p<0.0001) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx, p<0.0001) was observed in patients compared to controls. Present study data suggest that variation in expression pattern of mitochondrial sirtuins and increased metabolic rate may have diagnostic and prognostic significance in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fazal Ul Haq
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Zertashia Akram
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Saeed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Shafique
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Fida Abbasi
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhang G, Wang Z, Bavarva J, Kuhns KJ, Guo J, Ledet EM, Qian C, Lin Y, Fang Z, Zabaleta J, Valle LD, Hu JJ, Mandal D, Liu W. A Recurrent ADPRHL1 Germline Mutation Activates PARP1 and Confers Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Families. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1776-1784. [PMID: 35816343 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
African American (AA) families have the highest risk of prostate cancer. However, the genetic factors contributing to prostate cancer susceptibility in AA families remain poorly understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing of one affected and one unaffected brother in an AA family with hereditary prostate cancer. The novel non-synonymous variants discovered only in the affected individuals were further analyzed in all affected and unaffected men in 20 AA-PC families. Here, we report one rare recurrent ADPRHL1 germline mutation (c.A233T; p.D78V) in four of the 20 families affected by prostate cancer. The mutation co-segregates with prostate cancer in two families and presents in two affected men in the other two families, but was absent in 170 unrelated healthy AA men. Functional characterization of the mutation in benign prostate cells showed aberrant promotion of cell proliferation, whereas expression of the wild-type ADPRHL1 in prostate cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Mechanistically, the ADPRHL1 mutant activates PARP1, leading to an increased H2O2 or cisplatin-induced DNA damage response for prostate cancer cell survival. Indeed, the PARP1 inhibitor, olaparib, suppresses prostate cancer cell survival induced by mutant ADPRHL1. Given that the expression levels of ADPRHL1 are significantly high in normal prostate tissues and reduce stepwise as Gleason scores increase in tumors, our findings provide genetic, biochemical, and clinicopathological evidence that ADPRHL1 is a tumor suppressor in prostate tissue. A loss of function mutation in ADPRHL1 induces prostate tumorigenesis and confers prostate cancer susceptibility in high-risk AA families. IMPLICATIONS This study highlights a potential strategy for ADPRHL1 mutation detection in prostate cancer-risk assessment and a potential therapeutic application for individuals with prostate cancer in AA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Zhang
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zemin Wang
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jasmin Bavarva
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Katherine J Kuhns
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Elisa M Ledet
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chiping Qian
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yuan Lin
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zhide Fang
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Examples of Inverse Comorbidity between Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Possible Role for Noncoding RNA. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121930. [PMID: 35741059 PMCID: PMC9221903 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death; in parallel, the incidence and prevalence of central nervous system diseases are equally high. Among neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s dementia is the most common, while Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. There is a significant amount of evidence on the complex biological connection between cancer and neurodegeneration. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are defined as transcribed nucleotides that perform a variety of regulatory functions. The mechanisms by which ncRNAs exert their functions are numerous and involve every aspect of cellular life. The same ncRNA can act in multiple ways, leading to different outcomes; in fact, a single ncRNA can participate in the pathogenesis of more than one disease—even if these seem very different, as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders are. The ncRNA activates specific pathways leading to one or the other clinical phenotype, sometimes with obvious mechanisms of inverse comorbidity. We aimed to collect from the existing literature examples of inverse comorbidity in which ncRNAs seem to play a key role. We also investigated the example of mir-519a-3p, and one of its target genes Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, for the inverse comorbidity mechanism between some cancers and PD. We believe it is very important to study the inverse comorbidity relationship between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases because it will help us to better assess these two major areas of human disease.
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O'Neill E, Cornelissen B. Know thy tumour: Biomarkers to improve treatment of molecular radionuclide therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 108-109:44-53. [PMID: 35276447 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular radionuclide therapy (MRT) is an effective treatment for both localised and disseminated tumours. Biomarkers can be used to identify potential subtypes of tumours that are known to respond better to standard MRT protocols. These enrolment-based biomarkers can further be used to develop dose-response relationships using image-based dosimetry within these defined subtypes. However, the biological identity of the cancers treated with MRT are commonly not well-defined, particularly for neuroendocrine neoplasms. The biological heterogeneity of such cancers has hindered the establishment of dose-responses and minimum tumour dose thresholds. Biomarkers could also be used to determine normal tissue MRT dose limits and permit greater injected doses of MRT in patients. An alternative approach is to understand the repair capacity limits of tumours using radiobiology-based biomarkers within and outside patient cohorts currently treated with MRT. It is hoped that by knowing more about tumours and how they respond to MRT, biomarkers can provide needed dimensionality to image-based biodosimetry to improve MRT with optimized protocols and personalised therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O'Neill
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Leal TA, Sharifi MN, Chan N, Wesolowski R, Turk AA, Bruce JY, O'Regan RM, Eickhoff J, Barroilhet LM, Malhotra J, Mehnert J, Girda E, Wiley E, Schmitz N, Andrews S, Liu G, Wisinski KB. A phase I study of talazoparib (BMN 673) combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCI9782). Cancer Med 2022; 11:3969-3981. [PMID: 35396812 PMCID: PMC9636507 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibitors of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins potentiate antitumor activity of platinum chemotherapy. This study sought to determine the safety and tolerability of PARP inhibitor talazoparib with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Methods We conducted a phase I study of talazoparib with carboplatin AUC5‐6 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 of 21‐day cycles in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients enrolled using a 3 + 3 design in two cohorts with talazoparib for 7 (schedule A) or 3 days (schedule B). After induction with 4–6 cycles of triplet therapy, patients received one of three maintenance options: (a) continuation of triplet (b) carboplatin/talazoparib, or (c) talazoparib monotherapy. Results Forty‐three patients were treated. The MTD for both schedules was talazoparib 250mcg daily. The main toxicity was myelosuppression including grade 3/4 hematologic treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). Dose modification occurred in 87% and 100% of patients for schedules A and B, respectively. Discontinuation due to TRAEs was 13% in schedule A and 10% in B. Ten out of 22 evaluable patients in schedule A and 5/16 patients in schedule B had a complete or partial response. Twelve out of 43 patients received ≥6 cycles of talazoparib after induction, with a 13‐month median duration of maintenance. Conclusion We have established the recommended phase II dose of Talazoparib at 250mcg on a 3‐ or 7‐day schedule with carboplatin AUC6 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15 of 21‐day cycles. This regimen is associated with significant myelosuppression, and in addition to maximizing supportive care, modification of the chemotherapy component would be a consideration for further development of this combination with the schedules investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina N Sharifi
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nancy Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anita A Turk
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Justine Y Bruce
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ruth M O'Regan
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jens Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa M Barroilhet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Janice Mehnert
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York City, USA
| | - Eugenia Girda
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wiley
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Natalie Schmitz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shannon Andrews
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Glenn Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kari B Wisinski
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Zhang J, Wei Z, Zhang Z. Correlation of Poly (adenosine diphosphate[ADP]-ribose) Polymerase Expression and Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022; 51:102344. [PMID: 35218983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis evaluated the correlation between poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS Eligible studies were extracted from the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE until 1 August 2019. The included studies investigated the correlation between PARP expression and clinical outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. Clinical outcomes are overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). The clinical data of patients, such as clinicopathologic characteristics and survival, were analyzed. The language was limited to English, and studies conducted at the cellular level, animal studies, and non-original research were excluded. The odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for this meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 9 eligible studies involving 1230 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Based on the analysis, higher PARP expression was correlated with worse overall survival [OS] (HR,1.64; 95% CI, 1.08-2.49; P = 0.020) in the univariate analysis, whereas results from multivariate analysis indicated that PARP overexpression wasn't statistically associated with worse OS (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.98-1.90; P = 0.069). Moreover, the pooled results revealed that patients with PARP overexpression were not associated with worse histologic grade (OR,2.22; 95% CI, 0.98-5.02; P = 0.06). CONCLUSION PARP overexpression maybe associated with poor prognosis and survival in patients with ovarian cancer. The patients with PARP over expression were not tended to have a worse histologic grade. Findings require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Oncology Department, People's Hospital of LongHua, ShenZhen, Guang Dong, 518109, China.
| | - Zhigong Wei
- Oncology Department, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhifu Zhang
- Blood Department, People's Hospital of LongHua, ShenZhen, GuangDong, 518109, China
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Evolving Castration Resistance and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Expression: Implications for Patient Management. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143556. [PMID: 34298770 PMCID: PMC8307676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains an incurable disease, despite multiple novel treatment options. The role of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the process of mCRPC development has long been underestimated. During the last years, a new understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of rising PSMA expression and its association with disease progression has emerged. Accurate understanding of these complex interactions is indispensable for a precise diagnostic process and ultimately successful treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The combination of different novel therapeutics such as androgen deprivation agents, 177LU-PSMA radioligand therapy and PARP inhibitors promises a new kind of efficacy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the most relevant molecular mechanisms around PSMA in mCRPC development and how they can be implemented in mCRPC management.
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Focus on the Complex Interconnection between Cancer, Narcolepsy and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Possible Case of Orexin-Dependent Inverse Comorbidity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112612. [PMID: 34073579 PMCID: PMC8198883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This narrative review first describes from several points of view the complex interrelationship between cancer and neurodegeneration, with special attention to the mechanisms that might underlie an inverse relationship between them. In particular, the mechanisms that might induce an imbalance between cell apoptotic and proliferative stimuli are discussed. Second, the review summarizes findings on orexins and their involvement in narcolepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, starting from epidemiological data then addressing laboratory findings, animal models, and human clinical observational and interventional investigations. Important research efforts are warranted on these topics, as they might lead to novel therapeutic approaches to both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Abstract Conditions such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD) are less prevalent in cancer survivors and, overall, cancer is less prevalent in subjects with these neurodegenerative disorders. This seems to suggest that a propensity towards one type of disease may decrease the risk of the other. In addition to epidemiologic data, there is also evidence of a complex biological interconnection, with genes, proteins, and pathways often showing opposite dysregulation in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this narrative review, we focus on the possible role played by orexin signaling, which is altered in patients with narcolepsy type 1 and in those with AD and PD, and which has been linked to β-amyloid brain levels and inflammation in mouse models and to cancer in cell lines. Taken together, these lines of evidence depict a possible case of inverse comorbidity between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, with a role played by orexins. These considerations suggest a therapeutic potential of orexin modulation in diverse pathologies such as narcolepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
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Age-related activity of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) in men with localized prostate cancer. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111494. [PMID: 33887280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in DNA repair genes have been connected with familial prostate cancer and sensitivity to targeted drugs like PARP-inhibitors. Clinical use of this information is limited by the small fraction of prostate cancer risk gene carriers, variants of unknown pathogenicity and the focus on monogenic disease mechanisms. Functional assays capturing mono- and polygenic defects were shown to detect breast and ovarian cancer risk in blood-derived cells. Here, we comparatively analyzed lymphocytes from prostate cancer patients and controls applying a sensitive DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair assay and a flow cytometrybased assay measuring the activity of Poly(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase, a target in treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Contrary to breast and ovarian cancer patients, error-prone DNA double-strand break repair was not activated in prostate cancer patients. Yet, the activity of PARP discriminated between prostate cancer cases and controls. PARylation also correlated with the age of male probands, suggesting male-specific links between mutation-based and aging-associated DNA damage accumulation and PARP. Our work identifies prostate cancer-specific DNA repair phenotypes characterized by increased PARP activities and carboplatin-sensitivities, detected by functional testing of lymphocytes. This provides new insights for further investigation of PARP and carboplatin sensitivity as biomarkers in peripheral cells of men and prostate cancer patients.
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13
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The Prognostic Values of PARP-1 Expression in Uveal Melanoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020285. [PMID: 33572586 PMCID: PMC7911114 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. In advanced cases, the prognosis is very poor. Thus far, no effective methods of pharmacotherapy of this cancer have been found. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of PARP-1, the best-known member of the family of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, in uveal melanoma and its associations with clinicopathological parameters, overall survival, and disease-free survival. Methods: The study included 91 patients who underwent enucleation due to uveal melanoma. PARP-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: High PARP-1 expression was associated with more frequent chromosome 3 loss, higher histopathological grade, bigger tumor size, and absence of intrascleral extension. High PARP-1 expression was associated with shorter overall survival time and disease-free survival time. Conclusions: The above findings indicate that high expression of PARP-1 can be considered as an unfavorable prognostic factor in uveal melanoma.
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14
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Pepe P, Pepe L, Curdman M, Pennisi M, Fraggetta F. Primitive small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Case report and revision of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92. [PMID: 33348972 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2020.4.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A Caucasian man 84 years old was admitted to our Department for acute renal failure secondary to severe bilateral hydronephrosis; moreover, the patient referred chronic fatigue and was anuric from two days. Serum creatinine and PSA values were equal to 9.6 mg/dl and 4.8 ng/ml and digital rectal examination was highly suspicious for prostate cancer. In emergency, the patient underwent bilateral application of percutaneous renal nephrostomies to restore kidney function and, after three days, was submitted to ultrasound-guided extended transperineal biopsy; the histology showed the presence of a prostatic small cell carcinoma (SCC) fulfilling the World Health Organization criteria. The patient underwent clinical staging including chest and abdominal computed tomography evaluation and total body scan that did not demonstrated distant metastases and/or others primitive tumors; in addition, cystoscopy and urinary cytology were negative. The patient underwent multidisciplinary evaluation, but he died 20 days from the diagnosis for progressive clinical worsening (physical and cognitive impairments) before beginning oncological treatment. In conclusion, primitive SCC represents a very rare cancer provided of poor prognosis; only the execution of prostate biopsy combined with an accurate specimen analysis allow to make the correct diagnosis and therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Pepe
- Urology Unit - Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania.
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15
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Sigorski D, Iżycka-Świeszewska E, Bodnar L. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, and Preclinical and Clinical Data. Target Oncol 2020; 15:709-722. [PMID: 33044685 PMCID: PMC7701127 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The incidence of genetic alterations in homologous recombination repair genes increases during cancer progression, and 20% of prostate cancers (PCas) have defects in DNA repair genes. Several somatic and germline gene alterations drive prostate cancer tumorigenesis, and the most important of these are BRCA2, BRCA1, ATM and CHEK2. There is a group of BRCAness tumours that share phenotypic and genotypic properties with classical BRCA-mutated tumours. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) show synthetic lethality in cancer cells with impaired homologous recombination genes, and patients with these alterations are candidates for PARPi therapy. Androgen deprivation therapy is the mainstay of PCa therapy. PARPis decrease androgen signalling by interaction with molecular mechanisms of the androgen nuclear complex. The PROFOUND phase III trial, comparing olaparib with enzalutamide/abiraterone therapy, revealed increased radiological progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with BRCA1, BRCA2 or ATM mutations. The clinical efficacy of PARPis has been confirmed in ovarian, breast, pancreatic and recently also in a subset of PCa. There is growing evidence that molecular tumour boards are the future of the oncological therapeutic approach in prostate cancer. In this review, we summarise the data concerning the molecular mechanisms and preclinical and clinical data of PARPis in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Sigorski
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228, Olsztyn, Poland.
- Clinical Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of The Ministry of The Interior and Administration's Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lubomir Bodnar
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228, Olsztyn, Poland
- Clinical Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of The Ministry of The Interior and Administration's Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
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16
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Gould ML, Nicholson HD. Changes in receptor location affect the ability of oxytocin to stimulate proliferative growth in prostate epithelial cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1166-1179. [PMID: 31034785 DOI: 10.1071/rd18362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal prostate cells, cell membrane receptors are located within signalling microdomains called caveolae. During cancer progression, caveolae are lost and sequestered receptors move out onto lipid rafts. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a change in the localisation of receptors out of caveolae and onto the cell membrane increased cell proliferation invitro, and to determine whether this is related to changes in the cell signalling pathways. Normal human prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) and androgen-independent (PC3) cancer cells were cultured with 10nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The effects of oxytocin (OT) and gonadal steroids on proliferation were assessed using the MTS assay. Androgen receptor (AR) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression was identified by immunofluorescence and quantified by western blot. OTR and lipid raft staining was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Protein-protein interactions were detected and the cell signalling pathways identified. Treatment with OT did not affect the proliferation of PrEC. In PC3 cells, OT or androgen alone increased cell proliferation, but together had no effect. In normal cells, OTR localised to the membrane and AR localised to the nucleus, whereas in malignant cells both OTR and AR were identified in the cell membrane. Colocalisation of OTR and AR increased following treatment with androgens. Significantly fewer OTR/AR protein-protein interactions were seen in PrEC. With OT treatment, several cell signalling pathways were activated. Movement of OTR out of caveolae onto lipid rafts is accompanied by activation of alternative signal transduction pathways involved in stimulating increased cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gould
- Anatomy Department, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and Corresponding author.
| | - H D Nicholson
- Anatomy Department, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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17
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Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Protein Expression in Normal Pancreas and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2020; 2020:2717150. [PMID: 32850156 PMCID: PMC7436278 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2717150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a most frequent cancer in Europe, and the majority of cases of cancer of the pancreas are diagnosed above the age of 65. Radical surgery is the first curative treatment of pancreatic cancer, and alternative or combined therapeutic options, in particular, consist of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. Many factors, including diet and genetics, have been implicated in the development of cancer of the pancreas. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) protein is required for translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus. It is involved in programmed cell death processes. Different PARP-1 gene expression proteins have been observed in various tumors such as lung, ovarian, endometrial, skin, and glioblastoma. We evaluated the expression of PARP-1 protein in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal pancreas tissues by immunohistochemistry. Protein PARP-1 in the nucleus was found in all samples (normal pancreas and pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues). No cytoplasmic staining was observed in any sample. PARP-1-positive cells resulted higher in the normal pancreas compared with the pancreas with adenocarcinoma. PARP-1 overexpression in prostate cancer tissue compared with normal prostate suggests a greater activity of PARP-1 in these tumors. These findings suggest that PARP-1 expression in prostate cancer is an attempt to trigger apoptosis in this type of tumor, similarl to that reported in other cancers. This finding suggests that PARP-1-mediated cell death pathways are inhibited in this cancer.
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18
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Makhov P, Uzzo RG, Tulin AV, Kolenko VM. Histone-dependent PARP-1 inhibitors: A novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of prostate and renal cancers. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:312-315. [PMID: 32402770 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical interest in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has increased over the past decade with the recognition of its roles in transcription regulation, DNA repair, epigenetic bookmarking, and chromatin restructuring. A number of PARP-1 inhibitors demonstrating clinical efficacy against tumors of various origins have emerged in recent years. These inhibitors have been essentially designed as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) mimetics. However, because NAD+ is utilized by many enzymes other than PARP-1, NAD+ competitors tend to produce certain off-target effects. To overcome the limitation of NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors, we have developed a new class of PARP-1 inhibitors that specifically targets the histone-dependent route of PARP-1 activation, a mechanism of activation that is unique to PARP-1. Novel histone-dependent inhibitors are highly specific for PARP-1 and demonstrate promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy against prostate and renal tumors. Our findings suggest that novel PARP-1 inhibitors have strong therapeutic potential for the treatment of urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makhov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert G Uzzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Kossatz S, Pirovano G, Demétrio De Souza França P, Strome AL, Sunny SP, Zanoni DK, Mauguen A, Carney B, Brand C, Shah V, Ramanajinappa RD, Hedne N, Birur P, Sihag S, Ghossein RA, Gönen M, Strome M, Suresh A, Molena D, Ganly I, Kuriakose MA, Patel SG, Reiner T. Validation of the use of a fluorescent PARP1 inhibitor for the detection of oral, oropharyngeal and oesophageal epithelial cancers. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:272-285. [PMID: 32165735 PMCID: PMC7136849 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For oral, oropharyngeal and oesophageal cancer, the early detection of tumours and of residual tumour after surgery are prognostic factors of recurrence rates and patient survival. Here, we report the validation, in animal models and a human, of the use of a previously described fluorescently labelled small-molecule inhibitor of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) for the detection of cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus. We show that the fluorescent contrast agent can be used to quantify the expression levels of PARP1 and to detect oral, oropharyngeal and oesophageal tumours in mice, pigs and fresh human biospecimens when delivered topically or intravenously. The fluorescent PARP1 inhibitor can also detect oral carcinoma in a patient when applied as a mouthwash, and discriminate between fresh biopsied samples of the oral tumour and the surgical resection margin with more than 95% sensitivity and specificity. The PARP1 inhibitor could serve as the basis of a rapid and sensitive assay for the early detection and for the surgical-margin assessment of epithelial cancers of the upper intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Arianna L Strome
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sumsum P Sunny
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, India
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Brand
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Summit Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veer Shah
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravindra D Ramanajinappa
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, India
| | - Naveen Hedne
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, India
| | - Praveen Birur
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLES Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Smita Sihag
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amritha Suresh
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, India
| | - Daniela Molena
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moni A Kuriakose
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, India
- Cochin Cancer Research Center, Kochi, India
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Abstract
In this review, Slade provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. The author also highlights the clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discusses the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity and mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy. Oxidative and replication stress underlie genomic instability of cancer cells. Amplifying genomic instability through radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been a powerful but nonselective means of killing cancer cells. Precision medicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by putting forth the concept of selective targeting of cancer cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a successful example of precision medicine as the first drugs targeting DNA damage response to have entered the clinic. PARP inhibitors act through synthetic lethality with mutations in DNA repair genes and were approved for the treatment of BRCA mutated ovarian and breast cancer. PARP inhibitors destabilize replication forks through PARP DNA entrapment and induce cell death through replication stress-induced mitotic catastrophe. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) exploit and exacerbate replication deficiencies of cancer cells and may complement PARP inhibitors in targeting a broad range of cancer types with different sources of genomic instability. Here I provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. I highlight clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discuss the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity, mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Pazzaglia S, Pioli C. Multifaceted Role of PARP-1 in DNA Repair and Inflammation: Pathological and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer and Non-Cancer Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010041. [PMID: 31877876 PMCID: PMC7017201 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1), mainly known for its protective role in DNA repair, also regulates inflammatory processes. Notably, defects in DNA repair and chronic inflammation may both predispose to cancer development. On the other hand, inhibition of DNA repair and inflammatory responses can be beneficial in cancer therapy and PARP inhibitors are currently used for their lethal effects on tumor cells. Furthermore, excess of PARP-1 activity has been associated with many tumors and inflammation-related clinical conditions, including asthma, sepsis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, to name a few. Activation and inhibition of PARP represent, therefore, a double-edged sword that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In our review, we will discuss recent findings highlighting the composite multifaceted role of PARP-1 in cancer and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-6535 (S.P.); +39-06-3048-3398 (C.P.)
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-6535 (S.P.); +39-06-3048-3398 (C.P.)
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22
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Phase 1 study of veliparib (ABT-888), a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, with carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced solid malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1289-1301. [PMID: 31549216 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Veliparib is an oral inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and -2. PARP-1 expression may be increased in cancer, and this increase confers resistance to cytotoxic agents. We aimed to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and pharmacokinetics (PK) of veliparib combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin. METHODS Eligibility criteria included patients with advanced solid tumors treated with ≤ 3 prior regimens. Paclitaxel and carboplatin were administered on day 3 of a 21-day cycle. Veliparib was given PO BID days 1-7, except for cycle 1 in the first 46 patients to serve as control for toxicity and PK. A standard "3 + 3" design started veliparib at 10 mg BID, paclitaxel at 150 mg/m2, and carboplatin AUC 6. The pharmacokinetic (PK) disposition of veliparib, paclitaxel, and carboplatin was determined by LC-MS/MS and AAS during cycles 1 and 2. RESULTS Seventy-three patients were enrolled. Toxicities were as expected with carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and peripheral neuropathy. DLTs were seen in two of seven evaluable patients at the maximum administered dose (MAD): veliparib 120 mg BID, paclitaxel 200 mg/m2, and carboplatin AUC 6 (febrile neutropenia, hyponatremia). The MTD and RP2D were determined to be veliparib 100 mg BID, paclitaxel 200 mg/m2, and carboplatin AUC 6. Median number of cycles of the three-agent combination was 4 (1-16). We observed 22 partial and 5 complete responses. Veliparib did not affect paclitaxel or carboplatin PK disposition. CONCLUSION Veliparib, paclitaxel, and carboplatin were well tolerated and demonstrated promising antitumor activity.
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23
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Strome A, Kossatz S, Zanoni DK, Rajadhyaksha M, Patel S, Reiner T. Current Practice and Emerging Molecular Imaging Technologies in Oral Cancer Screening. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012118808644. [PMID: 32852263 PMCID: PMC6287312 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118808644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers globally. Survival rates for patients are directly correlated with stage of diagnosis; despite this knowledge, 60% of individuals are presenting with late-stage disease. Currently, the initial evaluation of a questionable lesion is performed by a conventional visual examination with white light. If a lesion is deemed suspicious, a biopsy is taken for diagnosis. However, not all lesions present suspicious under visual white light examination, and there is limited specificity in differentiating between benign and malignant transformations. Several vital dyes, light-based detection systems, and cytology evaluation methods have been formulated to aid in the visualization process, but their lack of specific biomarkers resulted in high false-positive rates and thus limits their reliability as screening and guidance tools. In this review, we will analyze the current methodologies and demonstrate the need for specific intraoral imaging agents to aid in screening and diagnosis to identify patients earlier. Several novel molecular imaging agents will be presented as, by result of their molecular targeting, they aim to have high specificity for tumor pathways and can support in identifying dysplastic/cancerous lesions and guiding visualization of biopsy sites. Imaging agents that are easy to use, inexpensive, noninvasive, and specific can be utilized to increase the number of patients who are screened and monitored in a variety of different environments, with the ultimate goal of increasing early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Strome
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snehal Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Schiewer MJ, Mandigo AC, Gordon N, Huang F, Gaur S, de Leeuw R, Zhao SG, Evans J, Han S, Parsons T, Birbe R, McCue P, McNair C, Chand SN, Cendon-Florez Y, Gallagher P, McCann JJ, Poudel Neupane N, Shafi AA, Dylgjeri E, Brand LJ, Visakorpi T, Raj GV, Lallas CD, Trabulsi EJ, Gomella LG, Dicker AP, Kelly WK, Leiby BE, Knudsen B, Feng FY, Knudsen KE. PARP-1 regulates DNA repair factor availability. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8816. [PMID: 30467127 PMCID: PMC6284389 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 holds major functions on chromatin, DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation, both of which are relevant in the context of cancer. Here, unbiased transcriptional profiling revealed the downstream transcriptional profile of PARP-1 enzymatic activity. Further investigation of the PARP-1-regulated transcriptome and secondary strategies for assessing PARP-1 activity in patient tissues revealed that PARP-1 activity was unexpectedly enriched as a function of disease progression and was associated with poor outcome independent of DNA double-strand breaks, suggesting that enhanced PARP-1 activity may promote aggressive phenotypes. Mechanistic investigation revealed that active PARP-1 served to enhance E2F1 transcription factor activity, and specifically promoted E2F1-mediated induction of DNA repair factors involved in homologous recombination (HR). Conversely, PARP-1 inhibition reduced HR factor availability and thus acted to induce or enhance "BRCA-ness". These observations bring new understanding of PARP-1 function in cancer and have significant ramifications on predicting PARP-1 inhibitor function in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Gordon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Renée de Leeuw
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sumin Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theodore Parsons
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Birbe
- Cooper University Health, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Peter McCue
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saswati N Chand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ylenia Cendon-Florez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer J McCann
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neermala Poudel Neupane
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucas J Brand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Costas D Lallas
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edouard J Trabulsi
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonard G Gomella
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wm Kevin Kelly
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Leiby
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Felix Y Feng
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Urology, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Zhou D, Xu J, Mpoy C, Chu W, Kim SH, Li H, Rogers BE, Katzenellenbogen JA. Preliminary evaluation of a novel 18F-labeled PARP-1 ligand for PET imaging of PARP-1 expression in prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 66:26-31. [PMID: 30195072 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays many roles in prostate cancer (PC), such as mediating DNA damage repair, transcriptional regulation and nuclear hormone receptor signaling. Because of this, PARP-1 has been targeted for therapy in PC, and non-invasive imaging of PARP-1 could help predict which patients are likely to respond to such therapy. Several PARP-1 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents have been developed and show promise for imaging PARP-1 expression in breast, brain, and lung cancer in small animals, but not as yet in prostate cancer. [18F]WC-DZ-F is an analogue of [18F]FluorThanatrace (FTT) and [125I]KX1, which are well-established PARP-1 ligands for measuring PARP-1 expression. Herein, we evaluated the potential of [18F]WC-DZ-F for the imaging PARP-1 expression in PC. METHODS [18F]WC-DZ-F was synthesized by a two-step sequence. [18F]WC-DZ-F was evaluated by in vitro uptake studies in PC-3 cells and by in vivo biodistribution and microPET imaging using PC-3 tumor xenografts. Ex vivo autoradiography of PC-3 tumors after microPET imaging was also performed. RESULTS [18F]WC-DZ-F has high, PARP-1-specific uptake in PC-3 cells. In the microPET imaging study, [18F]WC-DZ-F accumulated in PC-3 xenograft tumors over 2 h, and the uptake was significantly reduced by blocking with olaparib. PC-3 tumors were clearly visualized in microPET images, and the imaging results were further confirmed by autoradiography of PC-3 tumors ex vivo. In the biodistribution study [18F]WC-DZ-F washed out quickly from most tissues within 2 h, except for the liver in which the uptake was not blockable by olaparib. CONCLUSIONS We synthesized a novel PARP-1 radioligand, [18F]WC-DZ-F. The preliminary evaluation of [18F]WC-DZ-F indicates that it is a suitable PET imaging agent for measuring PARP-1 expression in prostate cancer and should be applicable to other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Huifangjie Li
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States of America
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26
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Chu M, Wang L, Shen H, Zhang Z, Hu J, Yi W, Yang W, Ma X. PARP6 acts as an oncogene and positively regulates Survivin in gastric cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2364-2371. [PMID: 31938348 PMCID: PMC6958236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 6 (PARP6) is a novel member of the PARP family. Previous studies focused mostly on the role of PARP6 in colorectal cancer; however, the role of PARP6 in gastric cancer is currently unclear. In the present study, we found a high-level expression of PARP6 in gastric cancer cells and PARP6 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, we found a positive correlation exists between PARP6 and Survivin, which contributes to tumor ongoing survival. In sum, our data suggest that PARP6 may contribute to gastric cancer progression by activating the Survivin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Mingliang Chu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Hede Shen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Zhuxue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Wenxiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
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27
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Chen K, Li Y, Xu H, Zhang C, Li Z, Wang W, Wang B. WITHDRAWN: An analysis of the gene interaction networks identifying the role of PARP1 in metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Gene 2017:S0378-1119(17)30648-0. [PMID: 28843522 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Chen K, Li Y, Xu H, Zhang C, Li Z, Wang W, Wang B. An analysis of the gene interaction networks identifying the role of PARP1 in metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87263-87275. [PMID: 29152079 PMCID: PMC5675631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Though there were many researches about the effects of cancer cells on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) currently, it has been rarely reported completed oncogene and its mechanism in tumors by far. Here, we used biological methods with known oncogene of NSCLC to find new oncogene and explore its functionary mechanism in NSCLC. Methods The study firstly built NSCLC genetic interaction network based on bioinformatics methods and then combined shortest path algorithm with significance test to confirmed core genes that were closely involved with given genes; real-time qPCR was conducted to detect expression levels between patients with NSCLC and normal people; additionally, detection of PARP1's role in migration and invasion was performed by trans-well assays and wound-healing. Results Through gene interaction network, it was found that, core genes like PARP1, EGFR and ALK had a direct interaction. TCGA database showed that PARP1 presented strong expression in NSCLC and the expression level of metastatic NSCLC was significantly higher than that of non-metastatic NSCLC. Cell migration of NSCLC in accordance to the scratch test was suppressed by PARP1 silence but stimulated noticeably by PARP1 overexpression. According to Kaplan-meier survival curve, the higher PARP1 expression, the poorer patient survival rate and prognosis. Thus, PARP1 expression had a negative correction with patient survival rate and prognosis. Conclusion New oncogene PARP1 was found from known NSCLC oncogene in terms of gene interaction network, demonstrating PARP1's impact on NSCLC cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Wang H, Li S, Luo X, Song Z, Long X, Zhu X. Knockdown of PARP6 or survivin promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits cell invasion of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2245-2251. [PMID: 28260087 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide. PARP6, a novel member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and survivin, a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are associated with a poor prognosis in various types of cancers. However, limited evidence exists regarding the interaction between PARP6 and survivin in colorectal adenocarcinoma. In the present study, we used the paired samples of 20 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma to detect the expression of PARP6 and survivin in both tumor and adjacent normal colorectal mucosa. Their interaction and roles in cell viability, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and cell invasion were further investigated. Our results showed that both PARP6 and survivin exhibited higher expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and SW620 cells when compared with levels in adjacent non-tumor tissues and a normal colon cell line FHC. Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that a significant correlation existed between PARP6 and survivin. We also showed that sole treatment of PARP6 siRNA or survivin siRNA partially inhibited the cell survival and invasion, induced cell G0/G1 arrest, and cell apoptosis at the early and late stages. The combined treatment of PARP6 siRNA and survivin siRNA suppressed the cell survival and cell invasion, further induced cell cycle phase G0/G1 arrest, and cell apoptosis at the early and late stages. Taken together, knockdown of PARP6 or survivin promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits the cell invasion of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. A significant correlation exists between PARP6 and survivin, and both are promising targets for the development of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced or metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Shengguo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Xishun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Zhike Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Xiangkai Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Xijia Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
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30
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Qi G, Kudo Y, Tang B, Liu T, Jin S, Liu J, Zuo X, Mi S, Shao W, Ma X, Tsunematsu T, Ishimaru N, Zeng S, Tatsuka M, Shimamoto F. PARP6 acts as a tumor suppressor via downregulating Survivin expression in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18812-24. [PMID: 26934315 PMCID: PMC4951331 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes that transfer ADP-ribose groups to target proteins and are involved in a variety of biological processes. PARP6 is a novel member, and our previous findings suggest that PARP6 may act as a tumor suppressor via suppressing cell cycle progression. However, it is still unclear that PARP6 function besides growth suppression in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we examined tumor suppressive roles of PAPR6 in CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. We found that PARP6 inhibited colony formation, invasion and migration as well as cell proliferation. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of PARP6 decreased Survivin expression, which acts as an oncogene and is involved in apoptosis and mitosis. We confirmed the inverse correlation between PARP6 and Survivin expression in CRC cases by immunohistochemistry. Importantly, CRC cases with downregulation of PARP6 and upregulation of Survivin showed poor prognosis. In summary, PARP6 acts as a tumor suppressor via downregulating Survivin expression in CRC. PARP6 can be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target together with Survivin for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjian Jin
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Zuo
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Mi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhuan Shao
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Sien Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
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31
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Wei W, Li Y, Lv S, Zhang C, Tian Y. PARP-1 may be involved in angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4561-4567. [PMID: 28101214 PMCID: PMC5228086 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is involved in DNA repair and has been implicated in chemoresistance. The present study investigated whether PARP-1 promotes angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. PARP-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression and CD34+ microvascular density (MVD) were assessed using immunohistochemistry in 60 human epithelial ovarian cancer specimens. PARP-1 was stably knocked-down in SKOV3 cells using a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA); angiogenic capacity was assessed using the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tubule formation assay; and PARP-1 and VEGF-A expression were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and ELISA. PARP-1 was found to be expressed in 73.3% (44/60) of the human epithelial ovarian cancer specimens and was significantly associated with VEGF-A, MVD, tumor size, histological grade and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). Compared with cells transfected with a negative control siRNA, knockdown of PARP-1 significantly suppressed the ability of SKOV3 cell-conditioned media to promote HUVEC tubule formation on Matrigel in vitro. Knockdown of PARP-1 in SKOV3 cells also significantly reduced VEGF-A mRNA and protein expression and secretion. In summary, PARP-1 is overexpressed and may enhance angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer by upregulating VEGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shuqing Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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32
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The Effect of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Gene 3'Untranslated Region Polymorphism in Colorectal Cancer Risk among Saudi Cohort. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:8289293. [PMID: 27746584 PMCID: PMC5055945 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8289293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background. DNA repair systems are essential for each cell to repair and maintain the genome integrity. Base excision repair pathway is one of the crucial pathways to maintain genome integrity and PARP-1 plays a key role in BER pathway. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in PARP-1 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) SNP rs8679 and its expression in colorectal cancer. Methods. Genotyping and gene expression were performed using TaqMan assays. The effects of age, gender, and tumor location were evaluated in cases and controls regarding the genotyping results. Resulting data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results and Conclusions. Genotyping analysis for SNP rs8679 showed decreased susceptibility to colorectal cancer at heterozygous TC allele and at minor allele C. Further this protective association was also observed in younger age patients (≤57), in female patients, and also in patients with tumors located at colon and rectum. PARP-1 expression levels are significantly different in colorectal cancer compared to matched normal tissue. Our findings proved that the upregulation of PARP-1 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in Saudi patients with colorectal cancer, suggesting that PARP-1 can be novel and valuable signatures for predicting the clinical outcome of patients with colorectal cancer.
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33
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Kossatz S, Brand C, Gutiontov S, Liu JTC, Lee NY, Gönen M, Weber WA, Reiner T. Detection and delineation of oral cancer with a PARP1 targeted optical imaging agent. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21371. [PMID: 26900125 PMCID: PMC4761964 DOI: 10.1038/srep21371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier and more accurate detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is essential to improve the prognosis of patients and to reduce the morbidity of surgical therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear enzyme Poly(ADP-ribose)Polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a promising target for optical imaging of OSCC with the fluorescent dye PARPi-FL. In patient-derived OSCC specimens, PARP1 expression was increased 7.8 ± 2.6-fold when compared to normal tissue. Intravenous injection of PARPi-FL allowed for high contrast in vivo imaging of human OSCC models in mice with a surgical fluorescence stereoscope and high-resolution imaging systems. The emitted signal was specific for PARP1 expression and, most importantly, PARPi-FL can be used as a topical imaging agent, spatially resolving the orthotopic tongue tumors in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that PARP1 imaging with PARPi-FL can enhance the detection of oral cancer, serve as a screening tool and help to guide surgical resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christian Brand
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stanley Gutiontov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nancy Y Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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34
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Kossatz S, Weber WA, Reiner T. Optical Imaging of PARP1 in Response to Radiation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147752. [PMID: 26808835 PMCID: PMC4726809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting and inhibiting DNA repair pathways is a powerful strategy of controlling malignant growth. One such strategy includes the inhibition of PARP1, a central element in the intracellular DNA damage response. To determine and visualize the expression and intercellular distribution of PARP1 in vivo, and to monitor the pharmacokinetics of PARP1 targeted therapeutics, fluorescent small probes were developed. To date, however, it is unclear how these probes behave in a more realistic clinical setting, where DNA damage has been induced through one or more prior lines of therapy. Here, we use one such imaging agent, PARPi-FL, in tissues both with and without prior DNA damage, and investigate its value as a probe for PARP1 imaging. We show that PARP1 expression in oral cancer is high, and that the uptake of PARPi-FL is selective, irrespective of whether cells were exposed to irradiation or not. We also show that PARPi-FL uptake increases in response to DNA damage, and that this increase is reflected in higher enzyme expression. Our findings provide a framework for measuring exposure of cells to external beam radiation, and could help to elucidate the effects of such treatments non-invasively in mouse models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang A. Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
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Pellicciari C. Histochemistry in biology and medicine: a message from the citing journals. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2610. [PMID: 26708189 PMCID: PMC4698620 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Especially in recent years, biomedical research has taken advantage of the progress in several disciplines, among which microscopy and histochemistry. To assess the influence of histochemistry in the biomedical field, the articles published during the period 2011-2015 have been selected from different databases and grouped by subject categories: as expected, biological and biomedical studies where histochemistry has been used as a major experimental approach include a wide of basic and applied researches on both humans and other animal or plant organisms. To better understand the impact of histochemical publications onto the different biological and medical disciplines, it was useful to look at the journals where the articles published in a multidisciplinary journal of histochemistry have been cited: it was observed that, in the five-years period considered, 20% only of the citations were in histochemical periodicals, the remaining ones being in journals of Cell & Tissue biology, general and experimental Medicine, Oncology, Biochemistry & Molecular biology, Neurobiology, Anatomy & Morphology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Reproductive biology, Veterinary sciences, Physiology, Endocrinology, Tissue engineering & Biomaterials, as well as in multidisciplinary journals.It is easy to foresee that also in the future the histochemical journals will be an attended forum for basic and applied scientists in the biomedical field. It will be crucial that these journals be open to an audience as varied as possible, publishing articles on the application of refined techniques to very different experimental models: this will stimulate non-histochemist scientists to approach histochemistry whose application horizon could expand to novel and possibly exclusive subjects.
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Mazzotta A, Partipilo G, De Summa S, Giotta F, Simone G, Mangia A. Nuclear PARP1 expression and its prognostic significance in breast cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6143-53. [PMID: 26614429 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays important roles in DNA damage response pathways and is often overexpressed in various human tumors. Currently, the use of PARP inhibitors for breast cancer (BC) therapy is the subject of debate, and there is an urgent need to understand much the expression and prognostic role of the PARP1 protein. The aim was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PARP1 in BC patients. The PARP1 and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) protein expressions were evaluated in 114 BCs by immunohistochemistry. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Our results showed that nuclear PARP1 expression was significantly associated with peritumoral vascular invasion (P = 0.046), chemotherapeutic treatment (P = 0.026), oestrogen receptor (ER; P = 0.013), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; P = 0.003) and BRCA1 (P < 0.001) expression. Survival analyses showed a significant association with clinical outcome in the subgroup of ER-negative patients (P = 0.017 for DFS and P = 0.048 for OS) and in the subgroup of patients treated with chemotherapeutic agents (P = 0.042 for DFS and P = 0.046 for OS). A significant correlation was also found for DFS in patients characterized by tumors without peritumoral vascular invasion (P = 0.022). More importantly, multivariate analyses revealed that high nuclear PARP1 expression was associated with decreased DFS (P = 0.012) and OS (P = 0.026). In conclusion, PARP1 expression may be used as an independent prognostic factor in BC patients. In addition, this study demonstrated that high PARP1 expression may represent a marker of poorer prognosis both for patients with worse clinical outcome and in less aggressive clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mazzotta
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Partipilo
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giotta
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Partipilo G, Simone G, Scattone A, Scarpi E, Azzariti A, Mangia A. Expression of proteins involved in DNA damage response in familial and sporadic breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26205471 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the expression of proteins involved in DNA damage response could improve knowledge of the pathways that contribute to familial and sporadic breast cancer (BC). We aimed to assess the different roles of BRCA1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), BRCT-repeat inhibitor of hTERT expression (BRIT1) and novel SWItch 5 (SWI5) expression in 130 sporadic and 73 familial BC samples, by immunohistochemistry. In the sporadic group, negative nuclear BRCA1 (nBRCA1) expression was associated with positive PgR (p = 0.037). Negative association was found between nBRCA1 expression and HER2 (p = 0.001). In the familial group, nBRCA1 expression was associated with ER (p = 0.002). Reduced nBRCA1 expression was associated with higher histological grade and positive Ki67 both in sporadic (p = 0.0010, p = 0.047) and familial groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.001). Nuclear PARP1 (nPARP1) expression was associated with histological grade (p = 0.035) and positive PgR (p = 0.047) in sporadic cases. High cytoplasmic and low nuclear BRIT1 (cBRIT1 and nBRIT1) expression were associated with high histological grade in the familial group (p = 0.013, p = 0.025). Various statistical associations between the protein expressions were observed in the sporadic group, while in familial group only few associations were found. Univariate analyses showed that nPARP1 expression is able to discriminate between sporadic and familial tumors (OR 2.80, p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses proved that its overexpression is an independent factor associated with a high risk of sporadic tumor (OR 2.96, p = 0.017). Our findings indicate that nPARP1 expression is an independent factor for sporadic BCs and PARP1 inhibitors could be a promising therapy for different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Partipilo
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Scattone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per Lo Studio E La Cura Dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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Sistigu A, Manic G, Obrist F, Vitale I. Trial watch - inhibiting PARP enzymes for anticancer therapy. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1053594. [PMID: 27308587 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1053594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a members of family of enzymes that catalyze poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and/or mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation), two post-translational protein modifications involved in crucial cellular processes including (but not limited to) the DNA damage response (DDR). PARP1, the most abundant family member, is a nuclear protein that is activated upon sensing distinct types of DNA damage and contributes to their resolution by PARylating multiple DDR players. Recent evidence suggests that, along with DDR, activated PARP1 mediates a series of prosurvival and proapoptotic processes aimed at preserving genomic stability. Despite this potential oncosuppressive role, upregulation and/or overactivation of PARP1 or other PARP enzymes has been reported in a variety of human neoplasms. Over the last few decades, several pharmacologic inhibitors of PARP1 and PARP2 have been assessed in preclinical and clinical studies showing potent antineoplastic activity, particularly against homologous recombination (HR)-deficient ovarian and breast cancers. In this Trial Watch, we describe the impact of PARP enzymes and PARylation in cancer, discuss the mechanism of cancer cell killing by PARP1 inactivation, and summarize the results of recent clinical studies aimed at evaluating the safety and therapeutic profile of PARP inhibitors in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Florine Obrist
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "TorVergata", Rome, Italy
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Pellicciari C. Impact of Histochemistry on biomedical research: looking through the articles published in a long-established histochemical journal. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2474. [PMID: 25578981 PMCID: PMC4289853 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemistry provides the unique opportunity to detect single molecules in the very place where they exert their structural roles or functional activities: this makes it possible to correlate structural organization and function, and may be fruitfully exploited in countless biomedical research topics. Aiming to estimate the impact of histochemical articles in the biomedical field, the last few years citations of articles published in a long-established histochemical journal have been considered. This brief survey suggests that histochemical journals, especially the ones open to a large spectrum of research subjects, do represent an irreplaceable source of information not only for cell biologists, microscopists or anatomists, but also for biochemists, molecular biologists and biotechnologists.
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Wu W, Zhu H, Liang Y, Kong Z, Duan X, Li S, Zhao Z, Yang D, Zeng G. Expression of PARP-1 and its active polymer PAR in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia in Chinese patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:1345-9. [PMID: 24436031 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aberrant expression of PARP-1 has been reported in various human malignancies and was involved in the progression and metastasis of cancers. However, little is known about PARP-1 expression in prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to investigate the expression of PARP-1 and its active polymer poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues from Chinese patients. METHODS The expression of PARP-1 and PAR in PCa and benign prostate hyperplasia tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 78 PCa patients and 49 BPH patients. The relationship between the expression of PARP-1 or PAR and clinicopathological parameters in PCa patients was also analyzed. RESULTS Both the positive and strong positive expression rates of PARP-1 in PCa tissues were significantly higher than those in BPH tissues. Although spearman correlations analysis showed the over-expression of PARP-1 and PAR in PCa tissues was not correlated with age, serum PSA level and Gleason scores (GS), an increasing trend was observed between over-expression of PARP-1 or PAR and the PSA levels (TPSA >20 vs TPSA ≤20) or GS grade (GS ≥8 vs GS ≤6). CONCLUSION PARP-1 and PAR expression is markedly elevated in PCa than that in BPH tissues, which may implicate that PARP-1 and PAR are involved in the development of PCa, and the possible expansion in the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for targeting therapy of PCa in select patients alone or combined with chemotherapy or radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China,
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Pellicciari C. Histochemistry as an irreplaceable approach for investigating functional cytology and histology. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e41. [PMID: 24441194 PMCID: PMC3896043 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In agreement with the evolution of histochemistry over the last fifty years and thanks to the impressive advancements in microscopy sciences, the application of cytochemical techniques to light and electron microscopy is more and more addressed to elucidate the functional characteristics of cells and tissue under different physiological, pathological or experimental conditions. Simultaneously, the mere description of composition and morphological features has become increasingly sporadic in the histochemical literature. Since basic research on cell functional organization is essential for understanding the mechanisms responsible for major biological processes such as differentiation or growth control in normal and tumor tissues, histochemical Journals will continue to play a pivotal role in the field of cell and tissue biology in all its structural and functional aspects.
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Donizy P, Halon A, Surowiak P, Pietrzyk G, Kozyra C, Matkowski R. Correlation between PARP-1 immunoreactivity and cytomorphological features of parthanatos, a specific cellular death in breast cancer cells. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e35. [PMID: 24441188 PMCID: PMC3896037 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In parthanatos, a PARP-1 (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1)-mediated cell death, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, large-scale DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed. In contrast to apoptosis, it does not cause apoptotic bodies formation. Although PARP-1-mediated cell death presents loss of membrane integrity similar to necrosis, it does not induce cell swelling. The purpose of the study was to correlate the immunohistochemical parameters of PARP-1 reactivity and the selected cytomorphological features of parthanatos: the lack of apoptotic bodies and the absence of necrosis in breast cancer (BC) specimens. Immunohistochemistry for PARP-1 was performed on 83 BC specimens. Correlations between parameters of PARP-1 expression and sub-cellular localisation and the presence of apoptotic bodies and necrosis were evaluated. High expression of PARP-1 (immunoreactive score ≥6) was associated with the lack of apoptotic bodies (P=0.013) and with the absence of necrosis (P=0.002). The presence of apoptotic bodies was correlated with re-distribution of PARP-1 from the nucleus to cytoplasm in BC cells (P=0.029). Additionally, a tendency was observed between necrosis and loss of nuclear PARP-1 expression (P=0.049). Our study suggests that PARP-1 may play a crucial role in induction and regulation of specific type of cellular death called parthanatos.
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