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Zhang M, Qin R, Zhang X, Ge L, Li G, Chen C, Cai X. Spontaneous resolution or antibiotic effectiveness? Reflection on a case of pediatric urinary tract infections caused by Enterococcus raffinosus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae030. [PMID: 38740525 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus raffinosus, named by Collins et al. in 1989, is a cocci-shaped bacterium that typically appears in pairs or short chains. As a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium, it grows at 10°C-45°C, exhibiting negative peroxidase activity [1]. It is a normal flora in the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract of domestic cats [2] and can also be isolated from human rectal swabs [3], it belongs to the same genus Enterococcus as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium constitute 90% of clinically isolated strains. However, the incidence of other enterococci, excluding E. faecalis and E. faecium, is on the rise [4]. In this case report, a patient with pediatric urinary tract infections caused by E. raffinosus was presented, and a summary of relevant literature was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Xuzhan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Ge
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Guixia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Xuedong Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
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Toc DA, Pandrea SL, Botan A, Mihaila RM, Costache CA, Colosi IA, Junie LM. Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Romania-Retrospective Study and Brief Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:598. [PMID: 35453797 PMCID: PMC9030019 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This paper aims to provide a description of non-faecalis non-faecium enterococci isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Romania and to briefly review the existing literature regarding the involvement of Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium in human infections and their antimicrobial resistance patterns; (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all Enteroccocus species isolated from the “Prof. Dr. O. Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Cluj-Napoca during one year focusing on non-faecalis non-faecium Enterococci. A brief review of the literature was performed using case reports involving Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium; (3) Results: Only 58 out of 658 Enteroccocus isolates were non-faecalis non-faecium and met the inclusion criteria. These species were isolated more often (p < 0.05) from the surgical ward from mixed etiology infections with E. coli. In our review, we included 39 case reports involving E. raffinosus, E. durans and E. avium; (4) Conclusions: Isolation of non-faecalis non-faecium enterococci displays an emerging trend with crucial healthcare consequences. Based on the analysis of the case reports, E. avium seems to be involved more often in neurological infections, E. durans in endocarditis, while E. raffinosus displays a more heterogenous distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Alexandru Toc
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.L.P.); (C.A.C.); (I.A.C.); (L.M.J.)
| | - Stanca Lucia Pandrea
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.L.P.); (C.A.C.); (I.A.C.); (L.M.J.)
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Botan
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.L.P.); (C.A.C.); (I.A.C.); (L.M.J.)
| | | | - Carmen Anca Costache
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.L.P.); (C.A.C.); (I.A.C.); (L.M.J.)
- Cluj County Emergency Hospital, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Alina Colosi
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.L.P.); (C.A.C.); (I.A.C.); (L.M.J.)
| | - Lia Monica Junie
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.L.P.); (C.A.C.); (I.A.C.); (L.M.J.)
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Zhao H, Peng Y, Cai X, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Huang H, Xu L, Nie Y. Genome insights of Enterococcus raffinosus CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn's disease patient. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:71. [PMID: 34876224 PMCID: PMC8650288 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococcus raffinosus is one of the Enterococcus species that often cause nosocomial infections. To date, only one E. raffinosus genome has been completely assembled, and the genomic features have not been characterized. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the strain CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn’s disease patient, and perform a comparative genome analysis to the relevant Enterococcus spp. strains in silico. Results De novo assembly of the sequencing reads of the strain CX012922 generated a circular genome of 2.83 Mb and a circular megaplasmid of 0.98 Mb. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the strain CX012922 belonged to the E. raffinosus species. By comparative genome analysis, we found that some strains previously identified as E. raffinosus or E. gilvus should be reclassified as novel species. Genome islands (GIs), virulence factors, and antibiotic genes were found in both the genome and the megaplasmid, although pathogenic genes were mainly encoded in the genome. A large proportion of the genes encoded in the megaplasmid were involved in substrate utilization, such as raffinose metabolism. Giant megaplasmids (~1 Mb) equipped with toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems generally formed symbiosis relationships with the genome of E. raffinosus strains. Conclusions Enterococcus spp. have a higher species-level diversity than is currently appreciated. The pathogenicity of E. raffinosus is mainly determined by the genome-encoded virulence factors, while the megaplasmid broadens the gene function pool. The symbiosis between the genome and the megaplasmids endows E. raffinosus with large genomic sizes as well as versatile gene functions, especially for their colonization, adaptation, virulence, and pathogenesis in the human gut. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00468-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunchao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Alhomoud M, Williams A, Magro C, Van Besien K, Vesole DH, Laurence J. Use of eculizumab in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy in two adults. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:473-477. [PMID: 34668824 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1992625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alhomoud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aquino Williams
- Department of Medicine, John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Cynthia Magro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koen Van Besien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David H Vesole
- Department of Medicine, John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey Laurence
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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