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Peydayesh M, Bagnani M, Soon WL, Mezzenga R. Turning Food Protein Waste into Sustainable Technologies. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2112-2154. [PMID: 35772093 PMCID: PMC9999431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For each kilogram of food protein wasted, between 15 and 750 kg of CO2 end up in the atmosphere. With this alarming carbon footprint, food protein waste not only contributes to climate change but also significantly impacts other environmental boundaries, such as nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, global freshwater use, change in land composition, chemical pollution, and biodiversity loss. This contrasts sharply with both the high nutritional value of proteins, as well as their unique chemical and physical versatility, which enable their use in new materials and innovative technologies. In this review, we discuss how food protein waste can be efficiently valorized not only by reintroduction into the food chain supply but also as a template for the development of sustainable technologies by allowing it to exit the food-value chain, thus alleviating some of the most urgent global challenges. We showcase three technologies of immediate significance and environmental impact: biodegradable plastics, water purification, and renewable energy. We discuss, by carefully reviewing the current state of the art, how proteins extracted from food waste can be valorized into key players to facilitate these technologies. We furthermore support analysis of the extant literature by original life cycle assessment (LCA) examples run ad hoc on both plant and animal waste proteins in the context of the technologies considered, and against realistic benchmarks, to quantitatively demonstrate their efficacy and potential. We finally conclude the review with an outlook on how such a comprehensive management of food protein waste is anticipated to transform its carbon footprint from positive to negative and, more generally, have a favorable impact on several other important planetary boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Peydayesh
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Bagnani
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wei Long Soon
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Penha CB, Santos VDP, Speranza P, Kurozawa LE. Plant-based beverages: Ecofriendly technologies in the production process. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Zhong Q, Li M, Atiba EM, Yin Y, Yang Q, Zhang L, Sun Z. Effects of physicochemical and structural properties of single and double feedstuffs derived from different botanic sources on in vitro starch digestion and glucose release kinetics. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:493-506. [PMID: 33682214 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the largest constituent in animal diets. The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to assess the variability of basic physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestion of starchy feedstuffs and investigate relationship between physicochemical properties and starch digestion of the feedstuffs, and (b) to explore the effects of different sources of starchy feedstuffs on starch digestion and glucose release. In this study, we determined the inherent molecular structure and granular structure of starch and chemical compositions of seven starchy feedstuffs, as well as starch digestion in single feedstuff and different feedstuffs combined with corn. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results revealed significant difference between granule shape and size of starch of different feedstuffs. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra for barley and wheat had lower (p < 0.05) absorbance band at areas A_860 and A_928 than other feedstuffs, yet rice starch had the lowest value for ratio (R) (1047/1022). Moreover, digestion rate ranged from 0.0157/min for resistant starch (sorghum) to 0.029/min for rapidly starch (broken rice). The principle component analysis (PCA) showed that predicted glycaemic index (pGI) was positively related to A_1022, glucose and rapidly (RDS) content and negatively related to A_995, A_1047, R (1047/1022), resistant starch (RS) and amylose content. Most of the feedstufss with corn combination had no effect on rate of starch digestion. In addition, different starchy feeds and corn combination changed the rate of starch digestion, when barley, however, sorghum combined with corn seemed to affect rate of starch digestion. To sum up, different sources differed in basic physicochemical and structural properties, which would influence the digestion rate of starch and the release of glucose. Combination of different feedstuffs particular sorghum with corn has interactive effect on starch digestion and the release of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Zhong
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingye Li
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Emmanuel M Atiba
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Animal production, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Yulin Yin
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zewei Sun
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Qazanfarzadeh Z, Kadivar M, Shekarchizadeh H, Porta R. Rye secalin characterisation and use to improve zein‐based film performance. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Qazanfarzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan84156‐83111Iran
| | - Mahdi Kadivar
- Department of Food Science and Technology College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan84156‐83111Iran
| | - Hajar Shekarchizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan84156‐83111Iran
| | - Raffaele Porta
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples “Federico II”Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia Naples80126Italy
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5
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Ashaolu TJ. Antioxidative peptides derived from plants for human nutrition: their production, mechanisms and applications. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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6
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Wang S, Ai Y, Hood‐Niefer S, Nickerson MT. Effect of barrel temperature and feed moisture on the physical properties of chickpea, sorghum, and maize extrudates and the functionality of their resultant flours—Part 1. Cereal Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Wang
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Yongfeng Ai
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Shannon Hood‐Niefer
- Saskatchewan Food Industry Development Centre Inc. Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Michael T. Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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Esfandi R, Walters ME, Tsopmo A. Antioxidant properties and potential mechanisms of hydrolyzed proteins and peptides from cereals. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01538. [PMID: 31183417 PMCID: PMC6495149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals like wheat, rice, corn, barley, rye, oat, and millet are staple foods in many regions around the world and contribute to more than half of human energy requirements. Scientific publications contain evidence showing that apart from energy, the regular consumption of whole grains is useful for the prevention of many chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. Biological activities have mostly been attributed to the presence of glucans and polyphenols. In recent years however, food proteins have been investigated as sources of peptides that can exert biological functions, promote health and prevent oxidative stress. This review focuses on the role of hydrolyzed proteins and peptides with antioxidant properties in various models and their mechanisms which include hydrogen or electron transfer, metal chelating, and regulation of enzymes involved in the oxidation-reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramak Esfandi
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton Uinversity, 1125 Colonel By Drive, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mallory E. Walters
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton Uinversity, 1125 Colonel By Drive, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton Uinversity, 1125 Colonel By Drive, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Cebolla Á, Moreno MDL, Coto L, Sousa C. Gluten Immunogenic Peptides as Standard for the Evaluation of Potential Harmful Prolamin Content in Food and Human Specimen. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1927. [PMID: 30563126 PMCID: PMC6316305 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten is a complex mixture of storage proteins in cereals like wheat, barley, and rye. Prolamins are the main components of gluten. Their high content in proline and glutamine makes them water-insoluble and difficult to digest in the gastrointestinal tract. Partial digestion generates peptide sequences which trigger immune responses in celiac and gluten-sensitive patients. Gluten detection in food is challenging because of the diversity, in various food matrices, of protein proportions or modifications and the huge number of immunogenic sequences with differential potential immunoactivity. Attempts to develop standard reference materials have been unsuccessful. Recent studies have reported the detection of a limited number of dominant Gluten Immunogenic Peptides (GIP) that share similarities to epitopes presented in the α-gliadin 33-mer, which showed to be highly proteolytic resistant and is considered to be the most immunodominant peptide within gluten in celiac disease (CD). GIP were detectable and quantifiable in very different kind of difficult to analyze food, revealing the potential immunogenicity by detecting T-cell activity of celiac patients. But GIP were also found in stool and urine of celiac patients on a supposedly gluten-free diet (GFD), showing the capacity to resist and be absorbed and excreted from the body, providing the first simple and objective means to assess adherence to the GFD. Methods to specifically and sensitively detect the most active GIP in food and biological fluids are rational candidates may use similar analytical standard references for determination of the immunopathological risk of gluten exposure in gluten-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María de Lourdes Moreno
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | - Carolina Sousa
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Antioxidant Activity of Zein Hydrolysates from Zea Species and Their Cytotoxic Effects in a Hepatic Cell Culture. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020312. [PMID: 29393865 PMCID: PMC6017744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, food proteins with bioactivity have been studied for cancer treatment. Zein peptides have shown an important set of bioactivities. This work compares the cytotoxic activity of zein hydrolyzed, extracted from four Zea species: teosinte, native, hybrid, and transgenic (Teo, Nat, Hyb, and HT) in a hepatic cell culture. Zein fraction was extracted, quantified, and hydrolyzed. Antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity assays were performed on HepG2 cells. The levels of expression of caspase 3, 8, and 9 were evaluated in zein-treated cell cultures. Zea parviglumis showed the highest zein content (46.0 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (673.40 TE/g) out of all native zeins. Peptides from Hyb and HT showed high antioxidant activity compared to their native counterparts (1055.45 and 724.32 TE/g, respectively). Cytotoxic activity was observed in the cell culture using peptides of the four Zea species; Teo and Nat (IC50: 1781.63 and 1546.23 ng/mL) had no significant difference between them but showed more cytotoxic activity than Hyb and HT (IC50: 1252.25 and 1155.56 ng/mL). Increased expression of caspase 3 was observed in the peptide-treated HepG2 cells (at least two-fold more with respect to the control sample). These data indicate the potential for zein peptides to prevent or treat cancer, possibly by apoptosis induction.
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Drochioiu G, Ciobanu CI, Bancila S, Ion L, Petre BA, Andries C, Gradinaru RV, Murariu M. Ultrasound-based protein determination in maize seeds. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:93-103. [PMID: 26584989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for a simple and accurate method for protein estimation in alcoholic extracts led to the reexamination of the optimum conditions of a colorimetric assay based on the biuret reaction. Sonication time and the other experimental parameters were optimized after kinetics study on the extraction of either zein or total proteins. Zein extraction and purity were investigated by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis). A zein assay was proposed, which involves the reaction of copper ions in copper phosphate powder with zein extracted in ethanolic solutions under strong alkaline environment. Furthermore, we extended this procedure to determine total proteins in maize samples simultaneously with their ultrasonic-assisted (US) extraction with an alkaline-alcoholic solution. Proteins in both types of extracts were well characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. However, the 545 nm absorbance of the violet-colored supernatants which is proportional to the protein content was found to be the key parameter of the improved biuret-based protein assay. Comparison of values obtained by this procedure and by Micro-Kjeldahl method was in excellent agreement. A scaled-down procedure agreed well with the standard procedure. Enhanced accuracy and repeatability was found in protein determination in maize using the modified biuret method. The optimization of reagent concentrations and incubation times were studied as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi Drochioiu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alee, Iasi 700487, Romania; Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, Iasi 700506, Romania.
| | - Catalina Ionica Ciobanu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alee, Iasi 700487, Romania; Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Sabina Bancila
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Laura Ion
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Brindusa Alina Petre
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alee, Iasi 700487, Romania; Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Claudia Andries
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | | | - Manuela Murariu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alee, Iasi 700487, Romania
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Ahmed S, Grecchi I, Ficuciello V, Bacciu N, Minuti A, Bani P. Effects of Hybrid and Maturity Stage on in Vitro Rumen Digestibility of Immature Corn Grain. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nellis S, Hoffman P, Shaver R. Technical note: A modified method to quantify prolamin proteins in dry and high-moisture corn. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4647-52. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Giuberti G, Gallo A, Cerioli C, Masoero F. In vitro starch digestion and predicted glycemic index of cereal grains commonly utilized in pig nutrition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Giuberti G, Gallo A, Masoero F. Technical note: Quantification of zeins from corn, high-moisture corn, and corn silage using a turbidimetric method: Comparative efficiencies of isopropyl and tert-butyl alcohols. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3384-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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