1
|
Suárez-Iglesias D, González-Devesa D, Ayán C, Sánchez-Sixto A, Vaquera A. Do you even exercise, ref? Exploring habits of Spanish basketball referees during practice and matches. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16742. [PMID: 38304192 PMCID: PMC10832620 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Basketball referees are a vital part of the organised competition system, although they remain an "outgroup" in sport. While physical development and fitness programming are deemed necessary for basketball officiating excellence, there is a paucity of literature exploring strategies for physical fitness management in this population. Methods This research was a nationwide cross-sectional, self-administered online survey conducted in 2021. A sample of 628 (531 males, 97 females) referees from 18 regional referee organisations in Spain provided individual responses to gather information on demographic details, level of participation in refereeing, physical fitness practices, and match-day exercise-based regimens. The data were described using summary statistics, and the associations of the assessed variables were subsequently calculated using contingency tables. Results Our findings reveal that a large fraction of the Spanish basketball referee population focuses on aerobic (83%) and strength (73.6%) activities, while less attention is paid to speed (36.9%) and flexibility (23.2%), and agility, coordination, and balance tasks are somewhat overlooked. No significant differences were observed among the referee categories regarding weekly training days or session duration, with most training for 15-60 min per session. Elite referees were more likely to hire personal trainers and engage in strength and flexibility exercises. Sub-elite referees showed a higher tendency to perform stretching and joint mobility activities post-match, while regional referees did so less frequently. Approximately 30.7% of referees across all competitive levels engaged in re-warm-up (RW-U) activities, with stretching and joint mobility being the most prevalent. Conclusions Spanish basketball referees participate in routine physical exercise and fitness practices, irrespective of their competition level. While warm-up activities are prevalent, some sub-elite and regional referees do not consistently perform them, and re-warm-up routines are not extensively embraced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Suárez-Iglesias
- Universidad de León, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, VALFIS Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ayán
- Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Universidad de Vigo, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Sixto
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
- Department of Sport, CEU Cardenal Spínola, Bormujos, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vaquera
- Universidad de León, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, VALFIS Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain
- School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weisman A, Lin E, Yona T, Gottlieb U, Impellizzeri FM, Masharawi Y. Healthcare providers have insufficient up-to-date knowledge of lower limb sports injuries, and their knowledge is similar to that of athletes. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2023; 65:102750. [PMID: 37003161 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being up-to-date with evidence-based knowledge of lower limb sports injuries is essential for Healthcare professionals (HCPs). PURPOSE To assess whether HCPs possess up-to-date knowledge of lower limb sports injuries by comparing their knowledge to that of athletes. METHODS With an expert panel, we developed an online quiz of 10 multiple-choice questions on various topics related to lower-limb sports injuries. Maximal score was 100. We used social media to invite HCPs (5 groups: Physiotherapists, Chiropractors, Medical Doctors, Trainers, and Other therapists) and athletes of all levels (amateur, semi-pro, and pro) to participate. We drafted the questions according to conclusions from the latest systematic reviews and meta-analyses. RESULTS 1526 participants completed the study. Final quiz scores ranged from zero (n = 28, 1.8%) to 100 (n = 2, 0.1%) and were distributed normally with a mean score of 45.4 ± 20.6. None of the 6 groups' means surpassed the set threshold of 60 points. Multiple linear regressions of covariates indicated that age, gender, engagement in physical activity, learning hours per week, reading scientific journals, reading popular magazines and blogs, trainers, and other therapists' groups explained 19% of the variances (-5.914<β < 15.082, 0.000<p < 0.038). CONCLUSIONS HCPs have insufficient up-to-date knowledge of lower limb sports injuries, and their knowledge is similar to that of athletes of all levels. HCPs probably do not possess the proper tools to assess scientific literature Academic and sports medicine societies should look into ways to improve the scientific knowledge integration of HCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Weisman
- Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eshed Lin
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tomer Yona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Gottlieb
- Neuromuscular and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Franco M Impellizzeri
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Youssef Masharawi
- Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed S, Rashid M, Sarkar AS, Islam MJ, Akter R, Rahman M, Islam S, Sheel D, Polash SA, Akter M, Afride S, Kader M. Fitness Trainers' Educational Qualification and Experience and Its Association with Their Trainees' Musculoskeletal Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10090129. [PMID: 36136384 PMCID: PMC9501401 DOI: 10.3390/sports10090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study that examined the association between fitness trainers’ educational qualifications and experience, and the risk of their trainees’ musculoskeletal pain. The study included 1177 trainees (aged 15−60 years) from 74 fitness centers in Bangladesh. Data were collected by using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, including potential confounders such as demographic factors (e.g., age, occupation), and training-related factors (e.g., workout knowledge, overweight lifting). Multiple logistic regression was performed for a binary outcome (pain—yes or no), and a generalized linear model was fitted for the ordinal outcome (pain—sites of the body). The trainers’ lower experience (no or ≤1 year) was associated with higher odds of their trainees’ musculoskeletal pain (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.18−5.44) compared to trainers with >5 years of experience; however, no association was found between the trainers’ education and the risk of their trainees’ musculoskeletal pain, after controlling for potential confounders. Similarly, the trainees trained by trainers with lower experience had more than two-time the risk of having pain in different sites (IRR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.50−2.79). The trainers’ experience may play a pivotal role in the trainees’ musculoskeletal pain. Further study is warranted in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Ahmed
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Mount Adora Hospital, Akhalia, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- Physiotherapy Research Foundation, Akhalia, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Occupational and Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbacksvägen, 80176 Gävle, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Abu-sufian Sarkar
- Bashundhara Kings Football Club, Block: D, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jahirul Islam
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, M A G Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Rahemun Akter
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Mount Adora Hospital, Akhalia, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- Physiotherapy Research Foundation, Akhalia, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Masudur Rahman
- Dream Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Center, Paikpara, Barhmanbaria 3400, Bangladesh
| | - Shahana Islam
- Department of Physiotherapy, CB Hospital Ltd., Polashpole, Satkhira 9400, Bangladesh
| | - Devjanee Sheel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Shiekh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital, Gazipur 1700, Bangladesh
| | - Sarwar Alam Polash
- Gonoshasthay Somajvittik Physiotherapy College, Mirzanagar, Saver, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuza Akter
- Department of Physiotherapy, Caritas Bangladesh, Ashulia, Saver, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Shayed Afride
- Gonoshasthay Somajvittik Physiotherapy College, Mirzanagar, Saver, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Manzur Kader
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Flexibility refers to the intrinsic properties of body tissues that determine maximal joint range of motion without causing injury. For many years, flexibility has been classified by the American College of Sports Medicine as a major component of physical fitness. The notion flexibility is important for fitness has also led to the idea static stretching should be prescribed to improve flexibility. The current paper proposes flexibility be retired as a major component of physical fitness, and consequently, stretching be de-emphasized as a standard component of exercise prescriptions for most populations. First, I show flexibility has little predictive or concurrent validity with health and performance outcomes (e.g., mortality, falls, occupational performance) in apparently healthy individuals, particularly when viewed in light of the other major components of fitness (i.e., body composition, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength). Second, I explain that if flexibility requires improvement, this does not necessitate a prescription of stretching in most populations. Flexibility can be maintained or improved by exercise modalities that cause more robust health benefits than stretching (e.g., resistance training). Retirement of flexibility as a major component of physical fitness will simplify fitness batteries; save time and resources dedicated to flexibility instruction, measurement, and evaluation; and prevent erroneous conclusions about fitness status when interpreting flexibility scores. De-emphasis of stretching in exercise prescriptions will ensure stretching does not negatively impact other exercise and does not take away from time that could be allocated to training activities that have more robust health and performance benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031.
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fenn BP, Song J, Casey J, Waryasz GR, DiGiovanni CW, Lubberts B, Guss D. Worldwide epidemiology of foot and ankle injuries during military training: a systematic review. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 167:131-136. [PMID: 33168697 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Musculoskeletal foot and ankle injuries are commonly experienced by soldiers during military training. We performed a systematic review to assess epidemiological patterns of foot and ankle injuries occurring during military training. METHODS A review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search, done on 14 February 2019, resulted in 1603 reports on PubMed, 565 on Embase and 3 on the Cochrane Library. After reading the remaining full-text articles, we included 91 studies. RESULTS Among a population of 8 092 281 soldiers from 15 countries, 788 469 (9.74%) foot and ankle injuries were recorded. Among the 49 studies that reported on length of training, there were 36 770/295 040 (18.17%) injuries recorded among women and 248 660/1 501 672 (16.56%) injuries recorded among men over a pooled mean (±SD) training period of 4.51±2.34 months. Ankle injuries were roughly 7 times more common than foot injuries, and acute injuries were roughly 24 times more common than non-acute injuries. Our findings indicated that, during a 3-month training period, soldiers have a 3.14% chance of sustaining a foot and ankle injury. The incidence of foot or ankle injury during military parachutist training was 3.1 injuries per thousand jumps. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide an overview of epidemiological patterns of foot and ankle injuries during military training. These data can be used to compare incidence rates of foot and ankle injuries due to acute or non-acute mechanisms during training. Cost-effective methods of preventing acute ankle injuries and non-acute foot injuries are needed to address this problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Fenn
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Song
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Casey
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G R Waryasz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C W DiGiovanni
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B Lubberts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Guss
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Håman L, Yring H, Prell H, Lindgren EC. Personal trainers' health advice in the fitness gym space from a gender perspective. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 15:1794364. [PMID: 33103635 PMCID: PMC7594759 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1794364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to describe and problematize the advice on exercise and diet that personal trainers (PTs) provide to their clients from a gender perspective.Method: The present study had an explorative design, and the interviews were analysed using an interpretative qualitative approach. Seven focus group discussions were conducted with 19 PTs (aged 23-47 years).Results: The findings indicated that the PTs had a gender-neutral health advice approach to both women and men, guiding them towards a relaxed attitude to exercise and diet, prioritizing and rationalizing their exercise and diet and eating a natural diet. PTs also had a gendered health advice approach as regards women who showed unhealthy exercise and eating behaviours; advising them to eat more and exercise less, to focus on performance rather than appearance and to avoid heavy weightlifting. Some PTs acted evasively and did not give advice to men.Conclusions: Both approaches include advice that reflect health as control and health as release. From a gender perspective, PTs health advice both challenged and reproduced the stereotypical male norm in the fitness gym space. However, PTs gendered health advice may create different opportunities for men and women to promote their health and well-being in the fitness gym.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linn Håman
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University , Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Helena Yring
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University , Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Hillevi Prell
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva-Carin Lindgren
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University , Halmstad, Sweden.,Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bianchi FP, Labbate M, Castellana M, Stefanizzi P, De Nitto S, Notarnicola A, Tafuri S. Epidemiology of injuries among amateur athletes who attended fitness activities: the role of the qualification of the trainer. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:422-427. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.10068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|