Association of Coffee Consumption with Sarcopenia in Korean Elderly Men: Analysis Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011

Trigonelline is an NAD+ precursor that improves muscle function during ageing and is reduced in human sarcopenia

Mitochondrial dysfunction and low nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels are hallmarks of skeletal muscle ageing and sarcopenia1-3, but it is unclear whether these defects result from local changes or can be mediated by systemic or dietary cues. Here we report a functional link between circulating levels of the natural alkaloid trigonelline, which is structurally related to nicotinic acid4, NAD+ levels and muscle health in multiple species. In humans, serum trigonelline levels are reduced with sarcopenia and correlate positively with muscle strength and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Using naturally occurring and isotopically labelled trigonelline, we demonstrate that trigonelline incorporates into the NAD+ pool and increases NAD+ levels in Caenorhabditis elegans, mice and primary myotubes from healthy individuals and individuals with sarcopenia. Mechanistically, trigonelline does not activate GPR109A but is metabolized via the nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase/Preiss-Handler pathway5,6 across models. In C. elegans, trigonelline improves mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, reduces age-related muscle wasting and increases lifespan and mobility through an NAD+-dependent mechanism requiring sirtuin. Dietary trigonelline supplementation in male mice enhances muscle strength and prevents fatigue during ageing. Collectively, we identify nutritional supplementation of trigonelline as an NAD+-boosting strategy with therapeutic potential for age-associated muscle decline.

Association of habitual coffee consumption with obesity, sarcopenia, bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factors: A two-year follow-up study in kidney transplant recipients

BACKGROUND & AIMS

Recent evidence suggests that moderate coffee intake is associated with multiple health benefits, including lower risk of obesity, sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. However, to date, no study has evaluated these associations in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of habitual coffee consumption with obesity, sarcopenia, bone mineral density and CVD risk factors in KTR.

METHODS

This prospective 2 years-follow-up study included 170 KTR (59% men) aged 49.5 (42.0-57.0) years. At baseline participants were submitted to the following evaluations: clinical, laboratorial, dietary intake (including coffee), muscle strength, anthropometric and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). After two years 163 KTR were re-evaluated by anthropometry, BIA and muscle strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2. Risk factors for CVD were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and hyperhomcysteinemia. Participants were stratified according to coffee intake: 0 or 1 time/day (Gr0-1) and 2 or 3 times/day (Gr2-3).

RESULTS

The median coffee consumption was 200 (150-250)mL/day and 112 (71-155)mL/1000 kcal/day. At baseline, Gr2-3 vs. Gr0-1 exhibited significantly higher values of waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and presented a higher odds ratio for central obesity according to WHtR (2.68; 95%CI:1.19-6.02; p = 0.02) after adjustment for confounders. Coffee consumption (mL/1000 kcal/day) showed, even after adjustment for confounders, (1) a positive association with all parameters of body adiposity (anthropometry, BIA and DXA) and (2) a negative association with muscle quality index. After two years, coffee intake (mL/1000 kcal/day) at baseline presented a positive correlation with changes in fat mass (kg) by BIA (r = 0.22, p = 0.01) after adjustment for confounders.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that in KTR, higher coffee consumption is associated with increased adiposity, specially, central adiposity and lower muscle quality, but is not related with the other evaluated parameters.

The role of nutraceuticals in heart failure muscle wasting as a result of inflammatory activity. The International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) Position Paper

Muscle wasting is one of the main causes for exercise intolerance and ventilatory inefficiency in patients with heart failure and a strong predictor of frailty and reduced survival. The prevalence of sarcopenia is at least 20% in patients with heart failure. Patients with heart failure often have subclinical systemic inflammation, which may exert sustained effects on skeletal muscle. Besides exercise, nutrition should also be carefully evaluated as an appropriate diet with selected nutraceuticals may be able to stimulate muscle anabolism and inhibit muscle catabolism. This review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical trial evidence supporting the recommendations for the use of nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory properties in heart failure and provides an overview of the state of the evidence for nutraceutical supplementation to prevent and/or mitigate heart failure muscle wasting.

The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenic obesity among women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION

Sarcopenic obesity is related to changes in body composition, loss of muscle mass, and raised adipose tissue. Beverage patterns are effective with changes in health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the healthy beverage index (HBI) in women with overweight and obesity.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study conducted on 210 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) women aged 18-56 years. The measurement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM) done by bioelectric impedance analyzer (BIA) (Inbody Co., Seoul, Korea) based on guidelines. The two lowest quintiles SMM and the two highest quintiles FM and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 are considered sarcopenic obesity in women. A validated and reliable semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the beverage dietary data. and RFS and NRFS was calculated. Biochemical assessments were quantified by standard approaches, and physical activity were evaluated by international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ).

RESULT

In this cross-sectional study, 210 overweight and obese females took part (18-56) years old). The studies were carried out using binary logistic regression. After controlling for a wide variety of confounding variables such as age, energy intake, physical activity, education, and economic status, we found a negative association between HBI and risk of SO (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.01, P = 0.05).

CONCLUSION

We observed that the odds of SO was reduced by 69% in participants with higher HBI score. More well-designed studies need to confirm our findings.

Natural Food for Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterised by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Proper nutrition is essential for management of sarcopenia. Thus, this article aims to review the association between dietary pattern or food groups consisting of natural food and sarcopenia. A literature search was performed using four databases namely PubMed, Scopus, Sage and ScienceDirect. The search terms used were 'fruits', 'vegetables', 'egg', 'fish', 'chicken', 'protein food', 'ulam', 'fresh herbs', 'sarcopenia', 'elderly and 'older adults'. A total of 18 studies were included in the final review. Adherence to Mediterranean and Japanese dietary pattern were associated with lower prevalence of sarcopenia whereas Western dietary pattern was significantly associated with higher risk of sarcopenia. For food groups, there is a significant association between dietary protein intake and sarcopenia. There are also significant associations between the intake of vegetables, fruits or both vegetables and fruits, and lower risk of sarcopenia. Consumption of natural food comprising of high-quality protein, fruits and vegetables have been associated with protection against muscle wasting and sarcopenia. Therefore, it is possible that a well-planned diet may works just as effectively as or possibly better than individual nutrient supplements for the prevention and treatment for sarcopenia among older adults.

Coffee Drinking and Adverse Physical Outcomes in the Aging Adult Population: A Systematic Review

Declining physical functioning covers a prominent span of later life and, as a modifiable driver to be leveraged, lifestyle plays a critical role. This research aimed to undertake a systematic review investigating the association between levels of coffee consumption and declining conditions of physical functioning during aging, such as sarcopenia, frailty, weakness, falls, and disability, while trying to explain the underlying mechanisms, both from a metabolic and social angle. The literature was reviewed from inception to May 2022 using different electronic databases, not excluding the grey literature. Two independent researchers assessed the eligibility of 28 retrieved articles based on inclusion criteria; only 10 met the eligibility requirements. Different levels of coffee consumption were considered as exposure(s) and comparator(s) according to PECO concepts, while middle age was an inclusion criterion (40+ years). No limitations were set on the tool(s) assessing physical functioning, type of dietary assessment(s), study setting, general health status, country, and observational study design (cohort, cross-sectional). The cross-sectional design outnumbered the longitudinal (90%, n = 9/10). The overall quality rating was judged poor (70%) to good (30%). It was found that higher exposure to coffee drinking is strongly associated with better physical functioning outcomes, and the findings showed consistency in the direction of association across selected reports. Countering physical decline is a considerable challenge in easing the burden of population aging. For preventive models that aim to allow a better lifestyle, it has to be kept in mind that increased coffee consumption does not lead to poor physical functioning.

Focus on Nutritional Aspects of Sarcopenia in Diabetes: Current Evidence and Remarks for Future Research

Sarcopenia has been defined as a progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass that can be observed after the age of 40 years, with a rate of deterioration of about 8% every ten years up to 70 years, and 15-25% thereafter [...].

A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity is positively associated with muscular strength in cirrhotic outpatients: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Cirrhosis is the end-stage of progressive fibrosis, in which oxidative stress and inflammation-related pathways can modulate the cellular and tissue events involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Dietary intake of antioxidants has been suggested to protect against oxidative damage and related clinical complications. The present study aimed to investigate the potential association of the dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) with anthropometric, functional and biochemical markers, as well as the severity of the disease, in cirrhotic outpatients.

METHODS

Sixty-two outpatients (38 men and 24 women) with a mean (SD) age of 59.1 (9.9) years were evaluated. Dietary TAC was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Aetiology and severity of liver cirrhosis, lifestyle characteristics, occurrence of comorbidities and oedema, and anthropometric, functional and biochemical markers were all assessed.

RESULTS

Cirrhotic outpatients with higher dTAC also had higher values of the hand-grip strength (P = 0.029) and arm muscle area (P = 0.027). After adjusting by sex, age, smoking and alcohol intake, the addition of 1 mmol day^-1 of dTAC contributed to increase 0.552 kg f^-1 in hand-grip strength (P < 0.05). The addition of one mmol day^-1 of dTAC contributed to an arm muscle area increase 0.565 cm² (P < 0.05) on average.

CONCLUSIONS

The dTAC was positively associated with hand-grip strength and arm muscle area in cirrhotic outpatients. The implications of the present study are important in clinical practice because a diet rich in antioxidants may be an ally in the control of excessive reactive oxygen species production in cirrhotic outpatients with repercussion on muscle mass and strength.