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Richardson MC, Chesterton P, Taylor A, Evans W. The effect of surface on knee landing mechanics and muscle activity during a single-leg landing task in recreationally active females. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 69:22-32. [PMID: 38996759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the effect of surface on frontal plane knee angle, knee moment and muscle activity. DESIGN Randomised cross over. SETTING University Laboratory. METHODS Twenty females performed single-leg hop-landings onto sand, grass and firm surfaces. Kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity data were obtained. Compatibility curves were used to visualise parameter estimates alongside P- values, and S-value transforms. RESULTS Knee angle for firm-sand (mean difference (d)‾ = -2.2°; 95% compatibility interval (CI): -4.6 to 0.28, p = 0.083, s = 3.6) and firm-grass (d‾ = -1.9; 95% CI: -4.3 to 0.5, p = 0.125, S = 3) yielded <4 bits of reputational information against the null hypothesis (H). 5 bits (p = 0.025) of information against H were observed for knee moment between firm-sand (d‾ = 0.17 N m/kg-1. m-1; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.31) with similar effects for firm-grass (d‾ = 0.14 N m/kg-1. m-1; 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.29, p = 0.055, S = 4). Muscle activity across surfaces ranged from almost no (S = 1) reputational evidence against H (Quadriceps and Hamstrings) to 10-13 'bits' against H for lateral gastrocnemius (lower on sand). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides valuable information for practitioners of the observed effect sizes for lower-limb landing mechanics across surfaces in asymptomatic females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Richardson
- Allied Health Professions Department, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Chesterton
- Allied Health Professions Department, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.
| | - Abigail Taylor
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, Sunderland University, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
| | - William Evans
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, Sunderland University, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
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Kepir E, Demiral F, Akaras E, Paksoy AE, Sevindik Aktas B, Yilmaz Cankaya B, Oztop B, Yagiz G, Owen JA. Hamstring Muscle Stiffness in Athletes with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction History: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4370. [PMID: 39124637 PMCID: PMC11313014 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sports requiring sprinting, jumping, and kicking tasks frequently lead to hamstring strain injuries (HSI). One of the structural risk factors of HSI is the increased passive stiffness of the hamstrings. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury history is associated with a 70% increase in the incidence of HSI, according to a recent meta-analysis. The same report recommended that future research should concentrate on the relationships between the HSI risk factors. Hence, the present study aimed to retrospectively compare changes in the passive stiffness of the hamstrings in athletes with and without ACL reconstruction history. Methods: Using ultrasound-based shear-wave elastography, the mid-belly passive muscle stiffness values of the biceps femoris long head, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles were assessed and compared amongst athletes with and without a history of ACL reconstruction. Results: There were no significant differences in the biceps femoris long head (injured leg (IL): 26.19 ± 5.28 KPa, uninjured contralateral (UL): 26.16 ± 7.41 KPa, control legs (CL): 27.64 ± 5.58 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 1; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL: p = 1), semimembranosus (IL: 24.35 ± 5.58 KPa, UL: 24.65 ± 8.35 KPa, CL: 22.83 ± 5.67 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 1; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL, p = 1), or semitendinosus (IL: 22.45 ± 7 KPa, UL: 25.52 ± 7 KPa, CL: 22.54 ± 4.4 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 0.487; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL, p = 0.291) muscle stiffness values between groups. Conclusions: The passive mid-muscle belly stiffness values of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles did not significantly differ between previously injured and uninjured athletes; therefore, further assessment for other muscle regions of hamstrings may be necessary. To collect more comprehensive data related to the structural changes that may occur following ACL reconstructions in athletes, a future study should examine the passive stiffness of wider muscle regions from origin to insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersagun Kepir
- Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
| | - Furkan Demiral
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Esedullah Akaras
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Emre Paksoy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | | | - Bahar Yilmaz Cankaya
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Bilgehan Oztop
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Gokhan Yagiz
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100 Amasya, Türkiye
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Julian Andrew Owen
- Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
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3
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Jenner B, Nottle C, Walters JL, Saunders SW, Leicht AS, Crowther RG. Reliability of lower limb strength assessment in female team sport athletes. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 68:71-79. [PMID: 38968787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower limb injury rates have increased dramatically in line with increased female sport participation levels. Muscle strength is a modifiable lower limb injury risk factor, guiding performance monitoring and rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of isokinetic and isometric lower limb peak torque to body mass of muscles acting on the hip, knee, and ankle in female team sport athletes. It was hypothesised the test-retest reliability would be good (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ≥ 0.75). METHODS Thirty-eight female athletes (Australian Rules Football = 18, netball = 12, soccer = 8) aged 16-35 years participated in this study. Participants performed isokinetic (60°/s and 120°/s) and isometric testing on a Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer on three separate days. RESULTS Poor to good reliability was demonstrated for all joint movements (ICC = 0.38-0.88) with small to moderate effect sizes (0.00-0.43) and typical errors (5.65-24.49). CONCLUSION Differences in peak torque to body mass were observed between sessions one and two and/or one and three, demonstrating a learning effect. Therefore, three testing sessions, and/or the inclusion of a familiarisation session, is recommended for future assessments in populations unfamiliar with dynamometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Jenner
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Carmel Nottle
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Julie L Walters
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, 4811 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Robert G Crowther
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Rishiraj N, Taunton JE, Lloyd-Smith R, Regan W, Niven B, Woollard R. Functional knee brace use for 21 h leads to a longer duration to achieve peak vertical ground reaction forces and the removal of the brace after 17.5 h results in faster loading of the knee joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:1096-1104. [PMID: 38461373 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the landing strategies used after discontinuing and continuing the use of a functional knee brace (FKB) while performing a drop jump. METHODS Following published methodology and power analysis, 23 uninjured male athletes, mean age of 19.4 ± 3.0 years, performed seven tests, during three test conditions (nonbraced, braced and removed brace or continued brace use), over 6 days of 12 testing sessions (S) for a total of 38.5 h. Each subject was provided with a custom-fitted FKB. This study focuses on the single leg drop jump kinetics during S12 when subjects were randomly selected to remove the FKB after 17.5 h or continued use of FKB. The time to peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and PVGRF were recorded on landing in eight trials. RESULTS After brace removal, a significantly shorter mean time to PVGRF was recorded (9.4 ± 22.9 msec (3.9%), p = 0.005, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -168.1, 36.1), while continued brace use required a nonsignificant (n.s.) longer mean duration to achieve PVGRF (19.4 ± 53.6 msec (8.9%), n.s., 95% CI: -49.7, 73.4). No significant mean PVGRF difference was found in brace removal (25.3 ± 65.8 N) and continued brace use (25.1 ± 23.0 N). CONCLUSION Removal of FKB after 17.5 h of use led to a significantly shorter time to achieve PVGRF, while continued brace use for 21 h required a longer duration to achieve PVGRF, suggesting faster and slower knee joint loading, respectively. Understanding the concerns associated with the use of FKB and the kinetics of the knee joint will assist clinicians in counselling athletes about the risks and benefits of using an FKB. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Rishiraj
- High Performance and Rehabilitation, ACTIN Health & Rehabilitation Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jack E Taunton
- Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Clinic (Primary Care), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rob Lloyd-Smith
- Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Clinic (Primary Care), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Regan
- Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Clinic (Orthopaedics), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Niven
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Robert Woollard
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Kim JS, Hwang UJ, Chung KS, Yi CH, Choi WJ, Kwon OY. Influence of strength and balance ability on functional performance in the involved and uninvolved sides after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:407-417. [PMID: 37899053 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The restoration and management of the uninvolved side have been emphasized to prevent a second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to ensure that athletes return to sports after ACL reconstruction. OBJECTIVE To determine the factors influencing the single leg hop test (SLHT) and single leg vertical jump test (SLVJT) at 1 year postoperatively after ACL reconstruction in both the involved and uninvolved sides. METHODS Ninety-four patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were assessed at 1 year postoperatively. Multiple regression models included eight independent variables with two dependent variables (SLHT and SLVJT.), each on the involved and uninvolved side. RESULTS On the involved side, the Y balance test (YBT), extensor peak torque per body weight (PT/BW), Biodex balance system anteroposterior index (BBS-API), and sex accounted for 53.9% of the variance in SLHT (P= 0.002), and extensor PT/BW and YBT accounted for 26.3% of the variance in SLVJT (P= 0.027). On the uninvolved side, YBT, sex, age, BBS-API, and flexor PT/BW accounted for 47.0% of the variance in SLHT (P= 0.046), and flexor PT/BW, YBT, and age accounted for 44.9% of the variance in SLVJT (P= 0.002). CONCLUSION Knee extensor strength on the involved side and flexor strength on the uninvolved side influence the two functional performance tests. The YBT was an important factor in the two functional performance tests in both sides. Anteroposterior stability was the only factor that influenced the SLHT bilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ui Jae Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyu Sung Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Chung Hwi Yi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Woochol Joseph Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Oh Yun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Phillips DA, Buckalew BR, Keough B, Alencewicz JS. Preparing to Land: Hamstring Preactivation Is Higher in Females and Is Inhibited by Fatigue. J Appl Biomech 2023; 39:370-376. [PMID: 37491013 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The hamstring plays an important role in reducing loads born by the anterior cruciate ligament. As anterior cruciate ligament injuries occur rapidly after ground contact, how the hamstring is activated prior to landing can influence injury risk. The purpose was to determine sex-related differences in hamstring activation immediately before landing and the effect of fatigue on "preactivation." Twenty-four participants (13 males and 11 females, age = 24.3 [6.5] y, mass = 72.2 [19.3] kg, height = 169 [9.7] cm) participated in this study. Participants completed a drop-vertical jump protocol before and after a lower body fatigue protocol. Hamstring electromyography (EMG) amplitude at 5 periods prior to landing, peak vertical ground reactions forces (in newtons/body weight), rate of loading (in body weight/second), and landing error scoring system were measured. Females had higher EMG amplitude before and after fatigue (P < .024), with decreased EMG amplitude for both sexes after fatigue (P = .025). There was no change on vertical ground reaction force, rate of loading, or landing error scoring system. Males and females demonstrated similar landing performance before and after fatigue but have different hamstring neuromuscular coordination strategies. The acute reduction in hamstring EMG amplitude following fatigue may increase loading on the anterior cruciate ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alan Phillips
- Program in Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University-Cascades, Bend, OR,USA
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ,USA
| | - Bridgette Rae Buckalew
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ,USA
| | - Bridget Keough
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ,USA
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7
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Seyedi M, Zarei M, Daneshjoo A, Rajabi R, Shirzad E, Mozafaripour E, Mohammadpour S. Effects of FIFA 11 + warm-up program on kinematics and proprioception in adolescent soccer players: a parallel‑group randomized control trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5527. [PMID: 37016130 PMCID: PMC10073194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks 11 + warm-up injury prevention program on kinematics and proprioception in adolescent male and female soccer players. Forty adolescent soccer players (20 males, 20 females) aged between 14-16 years old were randomly assigned into four groups. The experimental group performed the 11 + program for 8 weeks and the control group did their warm-up program. The kinematic variable in a cutting maneuver was measured using VICON motion analysis and ankle and knees' proprioception by joint position sense (JPS) was measured using a digital inclinometer. For kinematic variables only significant differences in knee valgus among females 11 + compared with female and male control groups were found (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant improvements in joint position sense variables in 11 + groups compared to control groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the 11 + program was proven to be a useful warm-up protocol in improving knee valgus and JPS among female and male adolescent soccer players. We suggest adding more training elements to the 11 + program that aimed to enhance the proper alignment of lower extremities which may consequently improve joint kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Seyedi
- Department of Sport Medicine, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Zarei
- Sport Rehabilitation and Health Department, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhamid Daneshjoo
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Rajabi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shirzad
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mozafaripour
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadan Mohammadpour
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Jenner B, Nottle C, Walters JL, Saunders SW, Leicht AS, Crowther RG. Reliability of the running vertical jump test in female team sport athletes. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 60:47-53. [PMID: 36646025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Injury rates to the lower limb have increased over the past 40 years, coinciding with increases in female sport participation rates. Sport specific tests such as the running vertical jump (RVJ) are utilised for injury risk profiling, however the test-retest reliability is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the thorax, pelvis and lower limb joint angular kinematics and kinetics for the RVJ test in female team sport athletes. DESIGN Three-dimensional motion capture with force plate integration was utilised as participants performed five trials on each limb on three separate days. SETTING Testing occurred in a biomechanics laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-four females (Australian Rules Football = 15, Netball = 12, Soccer = 7) participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), effect sizes and typical errors (TE) of segment and joint angular kinematics and kinetics were calculated. RESULTS Poor to excellent reliability (ICC = -0.12 - 0.92), small to large effect sizes (0.00-0.90) and TE (0.02-289.24) were observed across segment and joint angular kinematics and kinetics. CONCLUSIONS The RVJ test is recommended when analysing ground reaction forces and joint angular kinematics in female team sport athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Jenner
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Carmel Nottle
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Julie L Walters
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, 4811, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Robert G Crowther
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, Australia.
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Afanador DF, Gómez-Rodas A, Baena-Marín M. Análisis cinemático del ángulo de proyección frontal de rodilla en 2D: enfoque metodológico. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EL DEPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.24310/riccafd.2022.v11i3.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
La evaluación cinemática del comportamiento del miembro inferior en tres dimensiones (3D) requiere el uso de alta tecnología, formación especializada y laboratorios que no se ajustan a las demandas del ámbito clínico y deportivo. La valoración del APFR (ángulo de proyección frontal de rodilla)en dos dimensiones (2D) ha mostrado consistentemente su validez, objetividad y confiabilidad al ser comparada con la metodología de análisis en 3D para la detección del valgo dinámico asociado al incremento de torques externos de aducción y rotación interna de cadera durante la ejecución de tareas funcionales que exigen control muscular excéntrico. El valgo dinámico ha mostrado ser un predictor de lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior y de síndrome de dolor patelofemoral, especialmente en mujeres. La detección oportuna y el seguimiento del comportamiento cinemático con instrumentos de bajo costo, poca complejidad y un nivel de experticia básico utilizando análisis en 2D, se perfila como estrategia de valoración importante en el entrenamiento deportivo y el abordaje clínico para la prevención y rehabilitación de lesiones de rodilla asociados a estos desórdenes del movimiento. Por tanto, esta revisión narrativa pretende proveer de conocimientos esenciales para la correcta valoración, interpretación y análisis del APFR en Fisioterapeutas y Profesionales del Deporte.
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Strutzenberger G, David S, Borcard LM, Fröhlich S, Imhoff FB, Scherr J, Spörri J. Breaking new grounds in injury risk screening in soccer by deploying unsupervised learning with a special focus on sex and fatigue effects. Sports Biomech 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36004395 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In injury prevention, a vertical drop jump (DJ) is often used for screening athletes at risk for injury; however, the large variation in individual movement patterns might mask potentially relevant strategies when analysed on a group-based level. Two movement strategies are commonly discussed as predisposing athletes to ACL injuries: a deficient leg axis and increased leg stiffness during landing. This study investigated the individual movement pattern of 39 female and male competitive soccer players performing DJs at rest and after being fatigued. The joint angles were used to train a Kohonen self-organising map. Out of 19,596 input vectors, the SOM identified 700 unique postures. Visualising the movement trajectories and adding the latent parameters contact time, medial knee displacement (MKD) and knee abduction moment allow identification of zones with presumably increased injury risk and whether the individual movement patterns pass these zones. This information can be used, e.g., for individual screening and for feedback purposes. Additionally, an athlete's reaction to fatigue can be explored by comparing the rested and fatigued movement trajectories. The results highlight the ability of unsupervised learning to visualise movement patterns and to give further insight into an individual athlete's status without the necessity of a priori assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Strutzenberger
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motion Analysis Zurich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- UMIT Tirol, Psychology and Medical Sciences, Research Unit Sports Medicine, Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Sina David
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lana Mei Borcard
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fröhlich
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian B Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Scherr
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motion Analysis Zurich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Spörri
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motion Analysis Zurich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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The Effect of Arm Dominance on Knee Joint Biomechanics During Basketball Block Shot Single-Leg Landing. J Hum Kinet 2022; 83:13-21. [PMID: 36157960 PMCID: PMC9465755 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single arm blocking is a key component of successful basketball defence. The player uses either their dominant or non-dominant arm to block the ball landing on a common leg. Understanding how the bio-physical loads of the landing leg change as a function of the blocking arm will provide insights into potential injury risk of the lower limb. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arm dominance on the biomechanical variables of injury risk of the lower limb, specifically the knee joint during the single-leg landing in female basketball players. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected from fourteen female basketball athletes (20.85 ± 1.35 years, 1.69 ± 0.06 m, 60.37 ± 7.75 kg), each performing three trials of a dominant arm and non-dominant block jump landing on the dominant leg. The results showed significantly higher anterior and medial ground reaction force, knee joint flexion and abduction and lateral knee force during the dominant arm landing (p < 0.05). These findings highlight potential injury risk and the need for the player to be more proficient at dominant arm block-shot landing. The player should aim to develop a larger landscape of technique to meet the demands of the game and facilitate a more effective and safer landing strategy.
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Chapelle L, Bishop C, D'Hondt J, D'Hondt E, Clarys P. Morphological and functional asymmetry in elite youth tennis players compared to sex- and age-matched controls. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1618-1628. [PMID: 35830516 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2096769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Besides examining upper and lower limb morphological and functional asymmetry magnitudes, this study examined the relationship between lean mass and functional asymmetry in terms of magnitude and direction in 41 youth tennis players versus 41 controls. Asymmetry magnitude was determined using anthropometric measurements (circumferences, widths), bioelectrical impedance analysis (lean mass) and a test battery (handgrip strength, seated medicine ball throw, plate tapping, single leg countermovement jump, single leg forward hop test, 6 m single leg hop test, 505 change of direction). ANOVAs compared the dominant (overall highest/best value) against the non-dominant (highest/best value of opposing limb) result. Linear regressions explored the relationship between lean mass and functional asymmetry magnitudes. Kappa coefficients examined asymmetry direction consistency between the limb displaying the highest lean mass value and the limb performing dominantly across tests. Significant asymmetry magnitudes (p < 0.05) were found for all upper and lower limb outcome measures. No significant relationship was apparent between lean mass and functional asymmetry magnitude (r-value = -0.283-0.262). Despite finding (almost) perfect consistency in asymmetry direction (k-value = 0.84-1.00) for the upper limb, poor to slight consistency (k-value = -0.03-0.15) was found for the lower limb. Therefore, lean mass and functional asymmetry should be examined independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chapelle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Bishop
- School of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Joachim D'Hondt
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva D'Hondt
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Effects of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome on Changes in Dynamic Postural Stability during Landing in Adult Women. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:7452229. [PMID: 35592870 PMCID: PMC9113904 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7452229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects of lower limb movements on dynamic postural stability (DPS) during drop landing in adult women with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods Thirty-eight adult women were recruited and divided into two groups, the PFPS group and the control group. The study participants performed a single-leg drop landing from a 30 cm box, and their lower limb movements and DPS were measured. Differences between groups were examined using independent sample t-tests. In addition, stepwise multiple linear regression was used to examine the kinematic parameters that contribute to the DPS. Results The PFPS group had significantly lower hip flexion, internal rotation, knee flexion, ankle external rotation, pelvic oblique, tilt, rotation, and higher hip abduction, knee valgus, and ankle plantarflexion. In terms of DPS, the PFPS group had a significantly higher anteroposterior and a lower mediolateral than that of the control group. In the control group, regression analysis revealed a controlled anteroposterior using knee flexion, while the PFPS group controlled mediolateral through ankle plantarflexion. Conclusions Patients with PFPS experienced more shock on their knee joint during landing than patients in the control group with greater anteroposterior instability and lower mediolateral instability.
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Seyedahmadi M, Minoonejad H, Karimizadeh Ardakani M, Heidari Z, Bayattork M, Akbari H. What are gender differences in lower limb muscle activity during jump-landing tasks? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:77. [PMID: 35484569 PMCID: PMC9052696 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Gender differences in muscle activity during landing have been proposed as a possible contributing factor to the greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in women. Conflicting results among a few studies in this regard makes it impossible to reach correct conclusions.
Objectives The aim of this study was systematic review and the meta-analysis of previous studies which have compared the electromyographic activity of lower limb muscles in gluteus muscles (maximus and medius), quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus medialis and lateralis), hamstrings (biceps femoris and semimembranosus), and gastrocnemius in men and women in jump–landing task. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct databases was performed for eligible articles in October 2020. Cross-sectional studies that compared the muscle activity of male and female athletes without a history of previous injury in the jump–landing task were included. Unisex and non-athlete's studies were extracted from the included studies. The data were synthesized using a fixed and random effects model. Results Eight studies involving 145 participants were included. All participants were people who participated in regular exercises. The meta-analysis of timing and muscle activity was performed in the feedforward (pre contact) and feedback (post contact) stages. There were no significant differences in the muscle activity of biceps femoris (MD = −12.01; 95% CI − 51.49 to 27.47; p = 0.55; I2 = 87%), vastus medialis (MD = −53.46; 95% CI − 129.73 to 22.81; p = 0.17; I2 = 91%), semimembranosus (MD = 1.81; 95% CI − 6.44 to 10.07; p = 0.67; I2 = 0%), gluteus medius (MD = −3.14; 95% CI − 14.24 to 7.96; p = 0.58; I2 = 48%), and rectus femoris (MD = −5.83; 95% CI − 14.57 to 2.92; p = 0.19; I2 = 87%) in the pre contact phase between two sexes. There was a significant difference between men and women in the activity of vastus lateralis muscle in the post contact phase (MD = −34.90; 95% CI − 48.23 to − 21.57). No significant difference was observed between the men and women in the timing of semimembranosus (MD = 23.53; 95% CI − 14.49 to 61.54; p = 0.23; I2 = 56%) and biceps femoris muscle activity (MD = −46.84; 95% CI − 97.50 to 3.83; p = 0.07; I2 = 82%). Conclusion The results showed that in all lower limb muscles except vastus lateralis there were no significant differences between muscle activity and muscle contraction timing in both sexes before and after foot contact. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reason for the greater susceptibility of ACL injuries in women than men is maybe related to other factors such as biomechanical and hormonal. Additional good quality research in this regard is required to strengthen these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayattork
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadi Akbari
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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He X, Qiu J, Cao M, Ho YC, Leong HT, Fu SC, Ong MTY, Fong DTP, Yung PSH. Effects of Deficits in the Neuromuscular and Mechanical Properties of the Quadriceps and Hamstrings on Single-Leg Hop Performance and Dynamic Knee Stability in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671211063893. [PMID: 35005050 PMCID: PMC8733370 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211063893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding the role of neuromuscular and mechanical muscle properties in knee functional performance and dynamic knee stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may help in the development of more focused rehabilitation programs. Purpose: To compare the involved and uninvolved limbs of patients after ACLR in terms of muscle strength, passive muscle stiffness, muscle activation of the quadriceps and hamstrings, hop performance, and dynamic knee stability and to investigate the association of neuromuscular and mechanical muscle properties with hop performance and dynamic knee stability. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Method: The authors studied the quadriceps and hamstring muscles in 30 male patients (mean ± SD age, 25.4 ± 4.1 years) who had undergone unilateral ACLR. Muscle strength was measured using isokinetic testing at 60 and 180 deg/s. Passive muscle stiffness was quantified using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Muscle activation was evaluated via electromyographic (EMG) activity. Hop performance was evaluated via a single-leg hop test, and dynamic knee stability was evaluated via 3-dimensional knee movements during the landing phase of the hop test. Results: Compared with the uninvolved limb, the involved limb exhibited decreased peak torque and shear modulus in both the quadriceps and hamstrings as well as delayed activity onset in the quadriceps (P < .05 for all). The involved limb also exhibited a shorter hop distance and decreased peak knee flexion angle during landing (P < .05 for both). Decreased peak quadriceps torque at 180 deg/s, the shear modulus of the semitendinosus, and the reactive EMG activity amplitude of the semimembranosus were all associated with shorter hop distance (R2 = 0.565; P < .001). Decreased quadriceps peak torque at 60 deg/s and shear modulus of the vastus medialis were both associated with smaller peak knee flexion angle (R2 = 0.319; P < .001). Conclusion: In addition to muscle strength deficits, deficits in passive muscle stiffness and muscle activation of the quadriceps and hamstrings were important contributors to poor single-leg hop performance and dynamic knee stability during landing. Further investigations should include a rehabilitation program that normalizes muscle stiffness and activation patterns during landing, thus improving knee functional performance and dynamic knee stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihong Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingde Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yui Chung Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hio Teng Leong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Chuen Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Tim-Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel T P Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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No Relationship between Lean Mass and Functional Asymmetry in High-Level Female Tennis Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211928. [PMID: 34831682 PMCID: PMC8622337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between lean mass and functional asymmetry in terms of their magnitude and direction was examined in 22 high-level female tennis players (20.9 ± 3.6 years). Lean mass of both upper and lower extremities was examined using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. Functional asymmetry was assessed using a battery of field tests (handgrip strength, seated shot-put throw, plate tapping, single leg countermovement jump, single leg forward hop test, 6 m single leg hop test, and 505 change of direction (time and deficit)). Paired sample t-tests compared the dominant (overall highest/best (performance) value) against the non-dominant value (highest/best (performance) value of the opposing extremity). Linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between lean mass and functional asymmetry magnitudes. Kappa coefficients were used to examine the consistency in direction between the extremity displaying the highest lean mass value and the extremity performing dominantly across tests. Significant asymmetry magnitudes (p < 0.05) were found for all upper and lower extremity lean mass and functional values. No relationship was apparent between lean mass and functional asymmetry magnitudes (p-value range = 0.131–0.889). Despite finding perfect consistency in asymmetry direction (k-value = 1.00) for the upper extremity, poor to fair consistency (k-value range = −0.00–0.21) was found for the lower extremity. In conclusion, lean mass and functional asymmetries should be examined independently.
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Teng PSP, Leong KF, Kong PW. Regression model for predicting knee flexion angles using ankle plantar flexion angles, body mass index and generalised joint laxity. Sports Biomech 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34738493 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1989480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased knee flexion angles are associated with reduced non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risks. Ankle plantar flexion angles and internal risk factors could influence knee flexion angles, but their correlations are unknown. This study aimed to establish and validate a regression model to predict knee flexion angles using ankle plantar flexion angles, body mass index (BMI) and generalised joint laxity (GJL) at initial contact of single-leg drop landings. Thirty-two participants performed single-leg drop landings from a 30-cm-high platform. Kinematics and vertical ground reaction forces were measured using a motion capture system and force plate. A multiple regression was performed, and it was validated using a separate data set. The prediction model explained 38% (adjusted R2) of the change in knee flexion angles at initial contact (p = 0.001, large effect size). However, only the ankle plantar flexion angle (p < 0.001) was found to be a significant predictor of knee flexion angles. External validation further showed that the model explained 26% of knee flexion angles (large effect size). The inverse relationship between ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion angles suggests that foot landing strategies could be used to increase knee flexion angles, thereby reducing non-contact ACL injury risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S P Teng
- Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K F Leong
- Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P W Kong
- Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Zhang Q, Hautier CA. Influence of jump-landing direction on dynamic postural stability and hamstring-to-quadriceps co-activation ratio. Res Sports Med 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34477044 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1975117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of jump landing direction and leg dominance on the Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) and the importance of the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) co-activation ratio. Fifteen female sports players performed unilateral jump landing, for the dominant (DL) and the non-dominant (NDL) legs in anterior (AJL), lateral (LJL), and vertical directions (DJL). The results indicated that the DPSI was higher in DJL compared to LJL and AJL. Besides, the DPSI score during DJL was higher in NDL indicating lower stabilization capacity associated with a lower H/Q co-activation ratio. A significant correlation was found between H/Q co-activation ratio and DPSI in the DL during AJL (r = -0.57). Current results suggest that DJL was more appropriate to evaluate dynamic postural stability since it highlights limb asymmetry. In addition, H/Q co-activation appears to play an essential role in the effectiveness of ground reaction force stabilization during jump landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Zhang
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la motricité, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe A Hautier
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la motricité, Villeurbanne, France
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Do the quadriceps and hamstring muscles have an effect on patella stability in trochlear dysplasia? Pol J Radiol 2021; 86:e232-e238. [PMID: 34093920 PMCID: PMC8147712 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2021.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trochlear dysplasia (TD) is a condition that is characterized by the presence of either a flat or convex trochlear, which impedes the stability of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). The PFJ function is dependent on many different structures that surround the knee joint. The aim of this study was to analyse all the muscle components around the PFJ and identify whether gross muscle imbalance could contribute to the stability of the patella in TD. Material and methods The average cross-sectional area (CSA) and cross-sectional area ratio (CSAR) of each muscle of the thigh region in subtypes of TD was evaluated and compared to normal knee joints. Ninety-eight patients (196 knees in total) were included in the study. Results Of the 196 knee joints that were reviewed, 10 cases were found to be normal. In total, 186 cases were positive for TD. The majority consisted of type C. The hamstring muscles showed variable results. The vastus medialis muscle was larger in comparison to the vastus lateralis muscle over all the different TD subtypes; however, no statistical significance was identified. There was a marked statistical significance between the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, especially when comparing this to the normal knees within our cohort. Conclusions This study revealed no significant difference in the effect of the thigh muscle CSA on the stability of the PFJ in TD. Further research is required to establish the roles of the different muscles around PFJ in the prevention of TD dislocation.
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Contribution of Lower Extremity Joints on Energy Absorption during Soft Landing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105130. [PMID: 34066090 PMCID: PMC8151821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soft landing after jumping is associated with the prevention of lower extremity injuries during sports activities in terms of the energy absorption mechanisms. In this study, the contribution of lower extremity joints during soft landing was investigated. Subjects comprised 20 healthy females. Kinetics and kinematics data were obtained during drop vertical jumps using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Negative mechanical work values in the lower extremity joints were calculated during landing. A multiple regression analysis was performed to determine which lower extremity joints contributed more in achieving soft landing. The means of mechanical work of the hip, knee, and ankle in the sagittal plane were −0.30 ± 0.17, −0.62 ± 0.31, and −1.03 ± 0.22 J/kg, respectively. Results showed that negative mechanical work in the hip and knee is effective in achieving soft landing. These findings indicate that energy absorption in the hip and knee joints might be an important factor in achieving soft landing, whereas that in the ankle has a negative effect. Therefore, when improving soft landing techniques, we should consider energy absorption in the hip and knee via eccentric activation of the hip and knee extensors during landing.
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21
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The effects of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:36. [PMID: 33827679 PMCID: PMC8028761 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the effect of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics in soccer players who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and non-injured soccer players during a soccer-specific landing maneuver. Methods Eighteen soccer players who underwent ACLR and 18 normal soccer players were enrolled in this investigation (ACLR group; age, 26.11 ± 3.95 years; body mass index, 23.52 ± 2.69 kg/m2; surgery time, 5 ± 3.30 years: control group; age, 25.83 ± 3.51 years; body mass index, 24.09 ± 3.73 kg/m2, respectively). Participants were evaluated during the landing maneuver before and after carrying out the high-intensity exercise bout using the Wingate test. The intensity of the exercise was defined as a blood lactate accumulation of at least 4 mmol/L. The dependent variables included sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics of the ankle, knee and hip joints, and electromyography activity of the gastrocnemius, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteus maximus. Results On 2 × 2 analysis of variance, none of the dependent variable showed significant exercise×group interactions. Regardless of group, significant main effects of exercise were found. Post-exercise landing was characterized by increased flexion of hip (p = 0.01), knee (p = 0.001), and ankle joints (p = 0.002); increased extension moments of hip (p = 0.009), knee (p = 0.012), and ankle joints (p = 0.003), as well as decreased quadriceps activity (p = 0.007). Conclusion At 1 year or more post-ACLR, the effect of the high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics is not expected to differ from that experienced by healthy soccer players.
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22
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Ikeda H, Miyamori T, Katsuhira J, Sawa R, Shimasaki Y, Takazawa Y, Yoshimura M. Effects of a wearable device and functional wear on spinal alignment and jump performance. J Exerc Sci Fit 2020; 19:91-97. [PMID: 33343670 PMCID: PMC7736979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective To elucidate the effects of walking exercise using a wearable device and functional wear on spinal alignment and jump performance. Methods In total, 27 female college soccer players were randomly divided into two groups: trunk solution (TS) and compression garments (CGs). Spinal alignment, jump performance, and electromyography activity during the jump performance of the two groups were measured after a 20-min walking exercise. The values for each group were compared t pre- and post-intervention. Results The flexibility of the lower thoracic vertebrae in spinal alignment was increased during extension in the TS group. However, the post-value of the abdominal external oblique muscle during a countermovement jump (CMJ) was significantly lower than its pre-value (p < 0.05). In addition, even though spinal alignment was not affected in the CG group, post-values of the jump height during squat jump and CMJ were significantly higher than their pre-values (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the post-value of the biceps femoris during the countermovement jump with arm was significantly lower than its pre-value (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study suggested that walking exercise using TS may increase the range of motion of the lower thoracic vertebrae in athletes and reduce the muscular activity of the vastus lateralis during CMJ. Additionally, although spinal aliment is not affected, the jump height may increase using CGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ikeda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyamori
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Japan.,Department of Health Science, School of Physiotherapy, Juntendo University, Japan
| | | | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Department of Health Science, School of Physiotherapy, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Yu Shimasaki
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Yuji Takazawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshimura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Japan
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Raymond-Pope CJ, Dengel DR, Fitzgerald JS, Bosch TA. Association of Compartmental Leg Lean Mass Measured by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry With Force Production. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1690-1699. [PMID: 29878983 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Raymond-Pope, CJ, Dengel, DR, Fitzgerald, JS, and Bosch, TA. Association of compartmental leg lean mass measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry with force production. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1690-1699, 2020-We recently reported a novel method for measuring upper leg anterior/posterior compartmental composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of this method with measures of muscle-specific and explosive strength and to compare this method with traditional dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of total and upper leg masses. We hypothesize this method will be related to muscle-specific strength measured by isokinetic dynamometry and explosive strength measured by jump mechanography. Nineteen NCAA Division I college athletes (10 women; age = 20.4 ± 1.4 years; height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass = 73.8 ± 17.0 kg) underwent 3 DXA scans (1 total body, 2 lateral) and knee extension/flexion strength assessment using isokinetic dynamometry at 3 velocities (60, 120, and 180°·s). A subset of 10 participants also completed a squat jump on a force platform on a different day. Pearson correlations compared 3 separate lean soft-tissue mass (LSTM) regions of interest (total leg, upper leg, and compartmental leg) with (a) isokinetic peak torque and (b) squat jump height, peak force, and peak and average rate of force development. Compartmental leg LSTM demonstrated similar correlations (r = 0.437-0.835) with peak torque in comparison with total leg (r = 0.463-0.803) and upper leg (r = 0.449-0.795) LSTM. Summed right and left total leg (r = 0.830-0.940), total upper leg (r = 0.824-0.953), and anterior (r = 0.582-0.798) and posterior (r = 0.750-0.951) compartmental leg LSTM demonstrated moderate-to-strong correlations with all squat jump variables, particularly jump height (p < 0.05). The lateral segmentation DXA scanning method demonstrated feasibility in assessing compartmental leg LSTM in relation with isokinetic and squat jump measurements-important outcomes when examining an athlete's response to training and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana J Raymond-Pope
- Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Donald R Dengel
- Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John S Fitzgerald
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; and
| | - Tyler A Bosch
- Educational Technology Innovations, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Differences in Gluteal and Quadriceps Muscle Activation Among Adults With and Without Lumbar Hyperlordosis. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:1100-1105. [DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context:Many factors have been reported contributing to altering the neuromuscular function of hip and knee muscles. The lumbar hyperlordosis, as a poor posture in some athletes, is thought to be associated with the alteration of the hip and knee muscles activity.Objective:To examine the activation of selected hip and knee muscles in athletes with and without lumbar hyperlordosis during functional activities.Design:Case-control study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Twenty-six college male athletes (n = 13 with and n = 13 without lumbar hyperlordosis).Interventions:Surface electromyography of gluteus maximus (GMAX), gluteus medius (GMED), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), and vastus lateralis (VL) were recorded during single-leg squat and single-leg jump landing (SLJL) tasks.Main Outcome Measure:Preactivity; reactivity; and onset muscle during SLJL and eccentric activity during single-leg squat (GMAX, GMED, VMO, and VL along with the ratio of VMO:VL) were assessed.Results:Athletes with lumbar hyperlordosis had a higher level of activity in their GMAX (P = .003), VMO (P = .04), and VL (P = .01) muscles at the moment before foot contact during SLJL. These athletes also demonstrated a higher level of GMAX activity (P = .01) immediately after foot contact. Finally, athletes with lumbar hyperlordosis activated their GMAX sooner (P = .02) during the SLJL. Athletes with normal lumbar lordosis had more activity in their GMED muscle (P = .001) in the descending phase of the single-leg squat task and a higher VMO:VL (P = .01) at the moment after the foot contact during the SLJL.Conclusion:The altered activation of GMAX, GMED, VMO, VL, and VMO:VL can reveal the role of lumbar hyperlordosis in the knee and hip muscles’ alteration in athletes. Further study is needed to identify whether these alterations in the hip and knee muscles contribute to injury in athletes.
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Altered Neuromuscular Activity of the Lower-Extremities During Landing Tasks in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Electromyographic Studies. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:1194-1203. [PMID: 32357316 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Altered lower-limb biomechanics have been observed during landing task in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), which increases the risk of secondary anterior cruciate ligament injury. However, the alteration in neuromuscular activity of the lower-extremity during landing task is not clear. OBJECTIVE To compare the muscle activity pattern assessed by electromyography between the involved limb of patients with ACLR and the contralateral limb or control limb of matched healthy subjects during landing task. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Database of PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science from the inception of the databases until July 2019, using a combination of keywords and their variations: (anterior cruciate ligament OR ACL) AND (electromyography OR EMG) AND (landing OR land). Studies that assessed lower-extremity muscle activity patterns during landing task in patients with ACLR and compared them either with the contralateral side or healthy controls were included. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Of the 21 studies, 16 studies reported altered muscle activity pattern during landing tasks when compared with either the healthy controls or the contralateral side. For the specific muscle activity patterns, the majority of the studies showed no significant difference in reactive muscle activity, and comparisons across studies revealed a possible trend toward the early onset of quadriceps and hamstring activity and increased cocontraction of the involved limb. There are inconsistent findings regarding the alteration in muscle timing and preparatory muscle activity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ACLR displayed an altered muscle activity pattern during landing tasks, even though they were considered to be capable for sport return. Nevertheless, a firm conclusion could not be drawn due to great heterogeneity in the subject selection and study methods.
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Alanazi A, Mitchell K, Roddey T, Alenazi A, Alzhrani M, Ortiz A. Landing Evaluation in Soccer Players with or without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:962-971. [PMID: 32688412 DOI: 10.1055/a-1171-1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate landing biomechanics in soccer players following ACLR during two landing tasks. Eighteen soccer players with an ACLR and 18 sex-matched healthy control soccer players participated in the study. Planned landing included jumping forward and landing on the force-plates, whereas unplanned landing included jumping forward to head a soccer ball and landing on the force-plates. A significant landing×group interaction was found only for knee flexion angles (p=0.002). Follow-up comparisons showed that the ACL group landed with greater knee flexion during planned landing compared with unplanned landing (p<0.001). Significant main effects of landing were found. The unplanned landing showed reduction in hip flexion (p<0.001), hip extension moments (p<0.013), knee extension moments (p<0.001), and peak pressure (p<0.001). A significant main effect for group for gastrocnemius muscle was found showing that the ACL group landed with reduced gastrocnemius activity (p=0.002). Unplanned landing showed greater injury predisposing factors compared with planned landing. The ACL group showed nearly similar landing biomechanics to the control group during both landing tasks. However, the ACL group used a protective landing strategy by reducing gastrocnemius activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katy Mitchell
- Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Institute of Health Sciences- Houston Center, Houston, United States
| | - Toni Roddey
- Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Institute of Health Sciences- Houston Center, Houston, United States
| | - Aqeel Alenazi
- Physical Therapy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Msaad Alzhrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexis Ortiz
- Physical Therapy, University of the Incarnate Word School of Physical Therapy, San Antonio, United States
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Distalising tibial tubercle osteotomy decreases patellar tendon force - A treatment rationale for recalcitrant patellar tendinopathy. Knee 2020; 27:871-877. [PMID: 32220536 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellar tendinopathy is an overuse condition affecting athletes, often with a high morbidity if left untreated. High-level evidence fails to support the use of surgery. A tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) has been suggested as a surgical option to improve patient outcomes. Our aim was to explore whether a distalising TTO will alter the patellar tendon to quadriceps tendon force ratio and the sagittal patellar tilt. METHODS Six cadaver limbs were placed in a custom jig with a mechanical testing machine applying cyclical loads of 200-500 N to the quadriceps tendon. The knee was fixed at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90° of flexion and a buckle transducer recorded the resultant patellar tendon force. Testing was performed with the native tibial tubercle position and with the tubercle distalised by 11 mm. Testing was also performed with the tubercle anteriorised by 10 mm at both of these tubercle positions, a total of four different testing positions. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the patellar tendon to quadriceps tendon force ratio from 30-60° of knee flexion. There was a significant increase in the sagittal patellar tilt at 30° of knee flexion with distalisation. CONCLUSION This biomechanical study shows that the patellar tendon to quadriceps tendon force ratio can be altered with a distalising tibial tubercle osteotomy. A tibial tubercle osteotomy may be a biomechanical treatment option for recalcitrant patellar tendinopathy by decreasing the load through the patellar tendon, allowing the athlete to maintain higher training volumes and loads.
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Nunes GS, Barton CJ, Serrão FV. Impaired Knee Muscle Capacity Is Correlated With Impaired Sagittal Kinematics During Jump Landing in Women With Patellofemoral Pain. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1264-1270. [PMID: 32341245 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nunes, GS, Barton, CJ, and Serrão, FV. Impaired knee muscle capacity is correlated with impaired sagittal kinematics during jump landing in women with patellofemoral pain. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Knee and hip muscle capacity is impaired in women with patellofemoral pain (PFP), but little is known about the rate of force development (RFD) at the knee. Impaired muscle capacity may contribute to reduced sagittal plane movement at the knee and hip during jump landing in women with PFP. This study aimed to (a) compare knee extensor muscle capacity (including RFD), and hip abductor and extensor muscle capacity between women with and without PFP; and (b) evaluate the relationship between hip/knee muscle capacity and sagittal kinematics during single-legged drop jump landing in women with PFP. Fifty-two physically active women (26 with PFP and 26 controls) participated. Rate of force development (in %/ms), isometric, concentric, and eccentric torque (in N·m·kg × 100) were evaluated using isokinetic dynamometry, and knee and hip kinematics were evaluated using three-dimensional motion capture. Compared with the control group (CG), the PFP group (PFPG) presented lower isometric (12%, PFPG = 217.2 ± 46.0; CG = 246.5 ± 38.8; p = 0.02), concentric (21%, PFPG = 133.0 ± 42.6; CG = 169.2 ± 28.8; p < 0.01), and eccentric (17%, PFPG = 172.9 ± 56.7; CG = 208.4 ± 59.4; p = 0.03) knee extension torque; lower RFD until 30% (30%, PFPG = 0.57 ± 0.27; CG = 0.83 ± 0.37; p < 0.01) and 60% (31%, PFPG = 0.47 ± 0.24; CG = 0.67 ± 0.33; p = 0.01) of maximal isometric torque; and lower concentric hip abduction (13%, PFPG = 94.7 ± 19.1; CG = 108.4 ± 17.5; p = 0.01) and extension (17%, PFPG = 134.4 ± 34.3; CG = 162.6 ± 38.0; p < 0.01) torque. Significant correlations between reduced RFD for knee extension and reduced sagittal plane knee/hip range of motion during landing were identified (r = 0.39-0.49). In conclusion, women with PFP have impaired knee extensor isometric and dynamic strength, and RFD. Impaired knee extensor RFD is associated with a stiffer landing strategy (reduced movement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S Nunes
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, Brazil.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian J Barton
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fábio V Serrão
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, Brazil
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Green B, Bourne MN, van Dyk N, Pizzari T. Recalibrating the risk of hamstring strain injury (HSI): A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for index and recurrent hamstring strain injury in sport. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1081-1088. [PMID: 32299793 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review risk factors for hamstring strain injury (HSI). DESIGN Systematic review update. DATA SOURCES Database searches: (1) inception to 2011 (original), and (2) 2011 to December 2018 (update). Citation tracking, manual reference and ahead of press searches. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies presenting prospective data evaluating factors associated with the risk of index and/or recurrent HSI. METHOD Search result screening and risk of bias assessment. A best evidence synthesis for each factor and meta-analysis, where possible, to determine the association with risk of HSI. RESULTS The 78 studies captured 8,319 total HSIs, including 967 recurrences, in 71,324 athletes. Older age (standardised mean difference=1.6, p=0.002), any history of HSI (risk ratio (RR)=2.7, p<0.001), a recent HSI (RR=4.8, p<0.001), previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (RR=1.7, p=0.002) and previous calf strain injury (RR=1.5, p<0.001) were significant risk factors for HSI. From the best evidence synthesis, factors relating to sports performance and match play, running and hamstring strength were most consistently associated with HSI risk. The risk of recurrent HSI is best evaluated using clinical data and not the MRI characteristics of the index injury. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION Older age and a history of HSI are the strongest risk factors for HSI. Future research may be directed towards exploring the interaction of risk factors and how these relationships fluctuate over time given the occurrence of index and recurrent HSI in sport is multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady Green
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew N Bourne
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tania Pizzari
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jeong J, Choi DH, Song Y, Shin CS. Muscle Strength Training Alters Muscle Activation of the Lower Extremity during Side-Step Cutting in Females. J Mot Behav 2019; 52:703-712. [PMID: 31679474 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1683505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of muscle strength training on knee kinematics/kinetics and muscle activation patterns during anticipated side-step cutting. Three-dimensional knee kinematics/kinetics data and muscle activation of selected lower extremity muscles were measured while performing cutting before and after completing 10-week circuit strength training mixed typical resistance training and power training (intervention) or no training (control) from 25 female subjects. The muscle strength of quadriceps and hamstrings were measured before and after training using isokinetic dynamometer. No statistically significant differences were observed in quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength, all kinematic/kinetic variables, and muscle activation for the control group. Both quadriceps (p = 0.005) and hamstrings (p = 0.030) muscle strength were increased after training. An increased biceps femoris (p = 0.003) and H:Q ratio of activation (p = 0.016), as well as decreased gastrocnemius muscle activation (p = 0.012) during pre-activation phase in intervention group were found. No significant differences were found in knee kinematics and kinetics both at the time frame of the initial contact and the peak tibial anterior shear force after training. In conclusion, muscle strength training altered some muscle activations of lower extremity muscles, which might affect the risk of ACL injury, but it did not change the kinematic/kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongnam Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongsoo S Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Dashti Rostami K, Alizadeh M, Minoonejad H, Thomas A, Yazdi H. Relationship between electromyographic activity of knee joint muscles with vertical and posterior ground reaction forces in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients during a single leg vertical drop landing task. Res Sports Med 2019; 28:1-14. [PMID: 31352787 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2019.1647204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to examine the relation between activity patterns of knee joint muscles with vertical and posterior ground reaction forces (VGRF and PGRF, respectively) in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Twenty males post-ACLR participated in this cross-sectional study. The association between muscle activity with VGRF and PGRF was assessed during a single leg vertical drop-landing task. There were strong negative associations between preparatory VL, VM and MG activity and PGRF (P< 0.05). Strong positive associations were found between reactive VM and LH activity with PGRF (P< 0.05). Preparatory co-activation of VM: MH had significant negative associations with VGRF (P< 0.05) and reactive co-activation of VL:LH had a significant positive relation with PGRF(P< 0.05). Greater preparatory activity and co-activation of knee muscles were associated with lower peak PGRF and VGRF, whereas greater reactive activity and co-activation of knee muscles was associated with greater peak PGRF and VGRF. According to our findings, both activity and co-activation of knee muscles during the preparatory phase were associated with reduced PGRF and VGRF, respectively in ACLR patients; thus, incorporating exercises in order to increase preparatory activity and co-activation of knee joint muscles into rehabilitation programs in ACLR patients seems necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komeil Dashti Rostami
- Faculty of Physical education and sports sciences, Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhossein Alizadeh
- Faculty of Physical education and sports sciences, Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Faculty of Physical education and sports sciences, Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbey Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Hamidreza Yazdi
- Neuromusculoskeletal research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Correlations Between Vertical Ground Reaction Force, Sagittal Joint Angles, and the Muscle Co-Contraction Index During Single-Leg Jump-Landing. Asian J Sports Med 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.81771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Ryew CC, Lee AR, Hyun SH. Effect of muscle mass asymmetric between upper and lower limbs on the postural stability and shock attenuation during landing. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:488-492. [PMID: 31316946 PMCID: PMC6614760 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938188.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of muscle mass asymmetric between upper and lower limbs on postural stability and shock attenuation during landing. Twenty adults (without lower limb disorders and who could land from a 35-cm height) participated in this study (mean age, 21.85±2.97 years; mean height, 1.68±0.10 m; mean weight: 68.64±17.36 kg). Subjects performed one-leg landing from 36-cm vertical heights. Ground reaction force components and medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, vertical and dynamic postural stability index were obtained from force platform recordings. We found that muscle mass in right limbs more increased than that of left limbs. Medial-lateral force, vertical force, vertical stability index, and dynamic postural stability index in left leg showed higher value than that of right leg during landing. The asymmetry of muscle mass (%) and ground reaction force variables showed a similar correlation, including dynamic postural stability index (r=0.316). These findings allow us to conclude that the factor of muscle mass asymmetric is a contributor to impulse control and dynamic postural stability index asymmetry. Therefore, knowledge of bilateral limbs asymmetry may provide insights into exercise rehabilitation and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Cheong Ryew
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ae-Ri Lee
- Department of Leisure Sports Majors, Jeju Tourism College, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Hyun
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Okamoto S, Saito R, Sakamoto M. Intra-rater reliability and criterion-related validity of using an accelerometer to measure the impact force and knee joint sway during single-leg drop landing. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:310-317. [PMID: 31037001 PMCID: PMC6451945 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the reliability and validity of the impact force and knee joint sway measurement during single-leg drop landing by using a motion sensor with two built-in accelerometers. [Participants and Methods] Ten healthy college students (4 males and 6 females) who joined a basketball club participated in this study. Peak vertical acceleration, time between initial contact and peak vertical acceleration, and knee joint mediolateral sway were measured using the accelerometer during the landing motion. Reliability of the measurement with the accelerometer and the criterion-related validity between the accelerometer and force plate data were examined. [Results] The intraclass correlation coefficients indicated a peak vertical acceleration of 0.88, time between initial contact and peak vertical acceleration of 0.96, and knee joint mediolateral sway of 0.62. The magnitude and timing of the peak values between both measurement instruments showed high validity. [Conclusion] The measurement method using a motion sensor for the evaluation of the impact force and knee joint sway during landing has a moderate to high reliability and criterion-related validity. A motion sensor measurement might be a useful and easy method for evaluating landing impact force and knee joint stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Okamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University: 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Gunma Chuo Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University: 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Gunma Chuo Hospital, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University: 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
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Madison G, Patterson SD, Read P, Howe L, Waldron M. Effects of Small-Sided Game Variation on Changes in Hamstring Strength. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:839-845. [PMID: 30789860 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Madison, G, Patterson, SD, Read, P, Howe, L, and Waldron, M. Effects of small-sided game variation on changes in hamstring strength. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 839-845, 2019-Small-sided games (SSGs) are commonly used by soccer practitioners to condition players. This form of exercise can result in fatigue, potentially exposing the muscle to injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SSG variations on hamstring torque in semiprofessional soccer players. In a counterbalanced cross-over design, 10 male semiprofessional soccer players took part in both small relative area (3 vs. 3; 300 m) and large relative area (4 vs. 4; 1000 m) SSGs. The games comprised 6 × 4-minute bouts, with 90-second recovery. Both movement and heart rate responses were monitored by global positioning systems (GPS) and hamstring isometric torque was measured pre-training and post-training using a NordBord. There were differences (p < 0.05) between the small and large relative area games for peak hamstring force decrement (5.78 N and -13.62 N, respectively) and mean hamstring force decrement at 90° (11.11 N and -4.78 N, respectively). The number of accelerations was related to (r = 0.46, p = 0.039) reduced hamstring peak torque at 90°. In conclusion, larger relative area SSGs elicited the greatest internal and external loads, resulting in decrements in hamstring force. The number of accelerations performed in the session increases the likelihood of hamstring fatigue and can be controlled with the relative pitch area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Madison
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen David Patterson
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Read
- Athlete Health and Performance Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Louis Howe
- Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Waldron
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia
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Nunes GS, Barton CJ, Viadanna Serrão F. Females with patellofemoral pain have impaired impact absorption during a single-legged drop vertical jump. Gait Posture 2019; 68:346-351. [PMID: 30579038 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) have been reported to land with altered biomechanics in some, but not all studies. Kinematic alterations previously reported may indicate, and relate to potential impairments in absorbing impact. RESEARCH QUESTION To compare vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and lower limb kinematics during single-legged drop vertical jumps in females with and without PFP; and establish the relationship between vGRF and kinematics during this task. METHODS Fifty-two physically active females (26 with PFP and 26 controls) participated in the present cross-sectional study. Peak of vGRF was evaluated during landing; and lower limb kinematics in the sagittal and frontal planes during deceleration (landing) and acceleration (take-off) phases were evaluated. RESULTS The PFP group had 11% greater vGRF (p < 0.01); and 13-24% lower hip, knee and ankle excursion in the sagittal plane during acceleration and deceleration phases (p ≤ 0.02) compared to the control group. No significant between group differences (p > 0.05) for hip, knee and ankle excursion in the frontal plane were identified. Greater impact was significantly correlated with reduced knee (r = -0.56), hip (r = -0.50) and ankle (r = -0.41) excursion in the sagittal plane during the acceleration phase in the control group, but not in the PFP group. No significant correlations were found between vGRF and kinematics variables during the deceleration phase in either group. SIGNIFICANCE Impaired ability to absorb load and reduced lower limb movement in the sagittal plane during landing in females with PFP may provide separate treatment targets during rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S Nunes
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, Brazil; La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Christian John Barton
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Letafatkar A, Mantashloo Z, Moradi M. Comparison the time to stabilization and activity of the lower extremity muscles during jump-landing in subjects with and without Genu Varum. Gait Posture 2018; 65:256-261. [PMID: 30558941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee muscles activity changes from Genu Varum deformity(GVD), may cause this individual more exposed to lower extremity injuries especially in high-risk activities like landing. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the activity of the lower limb stabilizer muscles during jump-landing and time to stabilization(TTS) in subjects with and without GVD. METHOD A total of 44 men (group 1, with GVD n = 22 and group 2, without GVD n = 22); with mean age = 17.6 ± 3.12 years, height = 178.2 ± 5.39 cm, mass = 80.39 ± 8.3 kg) participated in this study. Subjects were asked to do a jump-landing task and Quadratus Lumborum(QL), Gluteus Maximus(GMax), Gluteus Medius(GMed), Biceps Femoris (BF), Semitendinosus, and Medial Gastrocnemius(MG) muscles activity was recorded. Also, changes in the amount of ground reaction force(GRF) were used to an indicator for TTS. RESULTS Our results showed that subjects with GVD had increased QL activity before(P = 0.008) and after(P = 0.017) landing. But, these subjects had a decreased activity of GMed compared to the healthy ones before(P = 0.033) and after(P = 0.005) landing. but there was no statistically significant difference before landing in gluteus maximus(P = 0.252), biceps femoris(P = 0.613), semitendinosus(P = 0.313), and medial gastrocnemius(P = 0.140) muscles and after landing in gluteus maximus (P = 0.246), biceps femoris(P = 0.512), semitendinosus(P = 0.214), and medial gastrocnemius(P = 0.209) muscles between the two groups. Also, the TTS was higher in subjects with GV than healthy ones in the Resultant Vector TTS (P = 0.015) and medial-lateral(P = 0.013) directions. CONCLUSIONS The altered activity of the QL and GMed, in subjects with GVD may indicate instability of the spinal column, pelvis and hip during jump-landing task. Although the GVD is referred to the frontal plane deformity, the results showed that this complication might affect stability in other motion planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Letafatkar
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahed Mantashloo
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Moradi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Ha S, Park SK. The Effect of Box Height during Drop Landing on Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Players. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2018.20.3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Aizawa J, Hirohata K, Ohji S, Ohmi T, Yagishita K. Limb-dominance and gender differences in the ground reaction force during single-leg lateral jump-landings. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:387-392. [PMID: 29581656 PMCID: PMC5857443 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine limb-dominance and gender differences
in the magnitude of the ground reaction force during single-leg lateral jump-landings. We
hypothesized that the peak ground reaction force would be larger in the non-dominant leg
compared to that in the dominant leg and would be larger in females compared to that in
men. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen females and 15 males performed jump-landings sideways
from a height of 20 cm, with a lateral distance of 60 cm. Vertical and medial ground
reaction forces were measured, and the elapsed time from the initial contact to the peak
ground reaction force was determined. The loading rate was calculated as the peak ground
reaction force divided by the elapsed time from the initial contact to the peak ground
reaction force. [Results] The vertical and medial peak ground reaction forces during
single-leg lateral jump-landings were larger in females compared to that in males. In
addition, the medial peak ground reaction force was larger for the non-dominant leg
compared to that for the dominant leg. [Conclusion] The results suggest that in
rehabilitation and conditioning settings, evaluations and instructions regarding
attenuation are especially important for females and the non-dominant leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Aizawa
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirohata
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohji
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohmi
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University: 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Ward SH, Blackburn JT, Padua DA, Stanley LE, Harkey MS, Luc-Harkey BA, Pietrosimone B. Quadriceps Neuromuscular Function and Jump-Landing Sagittal-Plane Knee Biomechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Athl Train 2018; 53:135-143. [PMID: 29350554 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-306-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aberrant biomechanics may affect force attenuation at the knee during dynamic activities, potentially increasing the risk of sustaining a knee injury or hastening the development of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Impaired quadriceps neuromuscular function has been hypothesized to influence the development of aberrant biomechanics. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between quadriceps neuromuscular function (strength, voluntary activation, and spinal-reflex and corticomotor excitability) and sagittal-plane knee biomechanics during jump landings in individuals with ACLR. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight individuals with unilateral ACLR (7 men, 21 women; age = 22.4 ± 3.7 years, height = 1.69 ± 0.10 m, mass = 69.4 ± 10.1 kg, time postsurgery = 52 ± 42 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We quantified quadriceps spinal-reflex excitability via the Hoffmann reflex normalized to maximal muscle response (H : M ratio), corticomotor excitability via active motor threshold, strength as knee-extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and voluntary activation using the central activation ratio (CAR). In a separate session, sagittal-plane kinetics (peak vertical ground reaction force [vGRF] and peak internal knee-extension moment) and kinematics (knee-flexion angle at initial contact, peak knee-flexion angle, and knee-flexion excursion) were collected during the loading phase of a jump-landing task. Separate bivariate associations were performed between the neuromuscular and biomechanical variables. RESULTS In the ACLR limb, greater MVIC was associated with greater peak knee-flexion angle ( r = 0.38, P = .045) and less peak vGRF ( r = -0.41, P = .03). Greater CAR was associated with greater peak internal knee-extension moment (ρ = -0.38, P = .045), and greater H : M ratios were associated with greater peak vGRF ( r = 0.45, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Greater quadriceps MVIC and CAR may provide better energy attenuation during a jump-landing task. Individuals with greater peak vGRF in the ACLR limb possibly require greater spinal-reflex excitability to attenuate greater loading during dynamic movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Ward
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Troy Blackburn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Darin A Padua
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Laura E Stanley
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Matthew S Harkey
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Brittney A Luc-Harkey
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Kerkhoff A, Wagner H, Nagel A, Möller M, Peikenkamp K. Effects of two different foot orthoses on muscle activity in female during single-leg landing. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-017-0474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Eckard TG, Kerr ZY, Padua DA, Djoko A, Dompier TP. Epidemiology of Quadriceps Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009-2010 Through 2014-2015. J Athl Train 2017; 52:474-481. [PMID: 28383282 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Few researchers have examined the rates and patterns of quadriceps strains in student-athletes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of quadriceps strains in 25 NCAA sports during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Convenience sample of NCAA programs from 25 sports during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years. Patients or Other Particpants: Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's NCAA athletics during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Aggregate quadriceps strain injury and exposure data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years were analyzed. Quadriceps strain injury rates and injury rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Overall, 517 quadriceps strains were reported, resulting in an injury rate of 1.07/10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The sports with the highest overall quadriceps strain rates were women's soccer (5.61/10 000 AEs), men's soccer (2.52/10 000 AEs), women's indoor track (2.24/10 000 AEs), and women's softball (2.15/10 000 AEs). Across sex-comparable sports, women had a higher rate of quadriceps strains than men overall (1.97 versus 0.65/10 000 AEs; IRR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.45, 3.76). The majority of quadriceps strains were sustained during practice (77.8%). However, the quadriceps strain rate was higher during competition than during practice (1.29 versus 1.02/10 000 AEs; IRR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.56). Most quadriceps strains occurred in the preseason (57.8%), and rates were higher during the preseason compared with the regular season (2.29 versus 0.63/10 000 AEs; IRR = 3.60; 95% CI = 3.02, 4.30). Common injury mechanisms were noncontact (63.2%) and overuse (21.9%). Most quadriceps strains restricted participation by less than 1 week (79.3%). CONCLUSIONS Across 25 sports, higher quadriceps strain rates were found in women versus men, in competitions versus practices, and in the preseason versus the regular season. Most quadriceps strains were minor in severity, although further surveillance is needed to better examine the risk factors associated with incidence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Eckard
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Darin A Padua
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Aristarque Djoko
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
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Murtagh CF, Vanrenterghem J, O'Boyle A, Morgans R, Drust B, Erskine RM. Unilateral jumps in different directions: a novel assessment of soccer-associated power? J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:1018-1023. [PMID: 28416354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether countermovement jumps (CMJs; unilateral and bilateral) performed in different directions assessed independent lower-limb power qualities, and if unilateral CMJs would better differentiate between elite and non-elite soccer players than the bilateral vertical (BV) CMJ. DESIGN Elite (n=23; age, 18.1±1.0years) and non-elite (n=20; age, 22.3±2.7years) soccer players performed three BV, unilateral vertical (UV), unilateral horizontal-forward (UH) and unilateral medial (UM) CMJs. METHODS Jump performance (height and projectile range), kinetic and kinematic variables from ground reaction forces, and peak activation levels of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris (BF) muscles from surface electromyography, were compared between jumps and groups of players. RESULTS Peak vertical power (V-power) was greater in BV (220.2±30.1W/kg) compared to UV (144.1±16.2W/kg), which was greater than UH (86.7±18.3W/kg) and UM (85.5±13.5W/kg) (all, p<0.05) but there was no difference between UH and UM (p=1.000). Peak BF EMG was greater in UH compared to all other CMJs (p≤0.001). V-power was greater in elite than non-elite for all CMJs (p≤0.032) except for BV (p=0.197). Elite achieved greater UH projectile range than non-elite (51.6±15.4 vs. 40.4±10.4cm, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS We have shown that UH, UV and UM CMJs assess distinct lower-limb muscular power capabilities in soccer players. Furthermore, as elite players outperformed non-elite players during unilateral but not BV CMJs, unilateral CMJs in different directions should be included in soccer-specific muscular power assessment and talent identification protocols, rather than the BV CMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall F Murtagh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Liverpool Football Club, UK.
| | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Belgium
| | - Andrew O'Boyle
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Liverpool Football Club, UK
| | | | - Barry Drust
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Liverpool Football Club, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, University College London, UK
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Aizawa J, Ohji S, Koga H, Masuda T, Yagishita K. Correlations between sagittal plane kinematics and landing impact force during single-leg lateral jump-landings. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2316-21. [PMID: 27630422 PMCID: PMC5011586 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The correlations of peak vertical ground reaction force and sagittal angles during single-leg lateral jump-landing with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury remain unknown. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between kinematics and impact force during lateral jump-landing. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty active males were included in the analysis. A sagittal-view movie camera and force plate were time synchronized. Trunk and lower extremity sagittal angles were measured 100 ms before initial contact and at peak vertical ground reaction force. Peak vertical ground reaction force, time between initial contact and peak vertical ground reaction force, and loading rate were calculated. [Results] The mean sagittal angle was 40.7° ± 7.7° for knee flexion during the flight phase and 16.4° ± 6.3° for pelvic anterior inclination during the landing phase. The mean peak vertical ground reaction force was four times the body weight. The median time to peak vertical ground reaction force was 63.8 ms. The knee flexion during the flight phase and pelvic anterior inclination angles during the landing phase were related to the peak vertical ground reaction force. [Conclusion] Increasing knee flexion and decreasing pelvic anterior inclination might reduce the impact during single-leg lateral jump-landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Aizawa
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohji
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Tadashi Masuda
- Department of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Rafeeuddin R, Sharir R, Staes F, Dingenen B, George K, Robinson MA, Vanrenterghem J. Mapping current research trends on neuromuscular risk factors of non-contact ACL injury. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 22:101-113. [PMID: 27669500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was (i) to identify neuromuscular markers that have been predictive of a primary non-contact ACL injury, (ii) to assess whether proposed risk factors have been supported or refuted in the literature from cohort and case-control studies, and (iii) to reflect on the body of research that aims at developing field based tools to assess risk through an association with these risk factors. Electronic searches were undertaken, of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus examining neuromuscular risk factors associated with ACL injury published between January 1990 and July 2015. The evidence supporting neuromuscular risk factors of ACL injury is limited where only 4 prospective cohort studies were found. Three of which looked into muscular capacity and one looked into muscular activation patterns but none of the studies found strong evidence of how muscular capacity or muscular activation deficits are a risk factor for a primary non-contact ACL injury. A number of factors associated to neural control and muscular capacity have been suggested to be related to non-contact ACL injury risk but the level of evidence supporting these risk factors remains often elusive, leaving researchers and practitioners uncertain when developing evidence-based injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radin Rafeeuddin
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Raihana Sharir
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Filip Staes
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Dingenen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Mark A Robinson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Malfait B, Dingenen B, Smeets A, Staes F, Pataky T, Robinson MA, Vanrenterghem J, Verschueren S. Knee and Hip Joint Kinematics Predict Quadriceps and Hamstrings Neuromuscular Activation Patterns in Drop Jump Landings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153737. [PMID: 27101130 PMCID: PMC4839612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose was to assess if variation in sagittal plane landing kinematics is associated with variation in neuromuscular activation patterns of the quadriceps-hamstrings muscle groups during drop vertical jumps (DVJ). Methods Fifty female athletes performed three DVJ. The relationship between peak knee and hip flexion angles and the amplitude of four EMG vectors was investigated with trajectory-level canonical correlation analyses over the entire time period of the landing phase. EMG vectors consisted of the {vastus medialis(VM),vastus lateralis(VL)}, {vastus medialis(VM),hamstring medialis(HM)}, {hamstring medialis(HM),hamstring lateralis(HL)} and the {vastus lateralis(VL),hamstring lateralis(HL)}. To estimate the contribution of each individual muscle, linear regressions were also conducted using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. Results The peak knee flexion angle was significantly positively associated with the amplitudes of the {VM,HM} and {HM,HL} during the preparatory and initial contact phase and with the {VL,HL} vector during the peak loading phase (p<0.05). Small peak knee flexion angles were significantly associated with higher HM amplitudes during the preparatory and initial contact phase (p<0.001). The amplitudes of the {VM,VL} and {VL,HL} were significantly positively associated with the peak hip flexion angle during the peak loading phase (p<0.05). Small peak hip flexion angles were significantly associated with higher VL amplitudes during the peak loading phase (p = 0.001). Higher external knee abduction and flexion moments were found in participants landing with less flexed knee and hip joints (p<0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated clear associations between neuromuscular activation patterns and landing kinematics in the sagittal plane during specific parts of the landing. These findings have indicated that an erect landing pattern, characterized by less hip and knee flexion, was significantly associated with an increased medial and posterior neuromuscular activation (dominant hamstrings medialis activity) during the preparatory and initial contact phase and an increased lateral neuromuscular activation (dominant vastus lateralis activity) during the peak loading phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Malfait
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Dingenen
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemie Smeets
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Staes
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Todd Pataky
- Department of Bioengineering, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
| | - Mark A Robinson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Cacolice PA, Carcia CR, Scibek JS, Phelps AL. THE USE OF FUNCTIONAL TESTS TO PREDICT SAGITTAL PLANE KNEE KINEMATICS IN NCAA-D1 FEMALE ATHLETES. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2015; 10:493-504. [PMID: 26346734 PMCID: PMC4527196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Landing with the knee in extension places increased loads on ligamentous restraints at the knee versus landing in flexion. Unfortunately, existing methods to predict landing kinematics require sophisticated equipment and expertise. The purpose of this study was to develop predictive models for sagittal plane tibiofemoral landing kinematics from the results of functional tests. METHODS Twenty-nine female, NCAA-D1 college athletes (mean ± standard deviation, age = 19.03 ± 1.09; mass=66.56 ± 13.47 kg; height = 171.16 ± 7.92 cm) participated in a descriptive, laboratory study. Participants performed five unilateral, dominant lower extremity (LE) landings from a 35cm platform onto a forceplate. LE three-dimensional kinematics were captured with electromagnetic sensors interfaced with motion analysis software. Then in a randomized order, participants performed three standardized functional tests: single limb triple hop (SLTH), countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) and the Margaria-Kalamen (MK) test. Sagittal plane tibiofemoral joint angle at initial contact (IC) and excursion (EXC) in the first 0.1s after ground contact were entered into a statistical software package. Multiple linear regression analyses generated one model predicting IC and one predicting EXC from the independent variables. Alpha levels were set a priori at p ≤ .05. RESULTS A two variable (MK, SLTH) linear regression model that predicted EXC was significant (Adjusted R (2) = .213, p = .017), however the model that predicted IC was not (p = .890). CONCLUSION Knee flexion excursion following a single leg landing task may be predicted with the MK and SLTH. The use of functional tests provides a practical means to predict landing kinematics to clinicians working with an active, athletic population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3, cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy L. Phelps
- Palumbo Donahue School of Business, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
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Letafatkar A, Rajabi R, Tekamejani EE, Minoonejad H. Effects of perturbation training on knee flexion angle and quadriceps to hamstring cocontraction of female athletes with quadriceps dominance deficit: Pre-post intervention study. Knee 2015; 22:230-6. [PMID: 25709088 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee joint stability through co-contraction (CC) of hamstrings and quadriceps may be necessary for females with Quadriceps Dominance (Q.D) neuromuscular deficit. Unbalanced CC of medial and lateral portion of the knee can predispose women to extended knee position that exaggerate ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of perturbation training on knee flexion angle and neuromuscular characteristics in female athletes with quadriceps dominance deficit. METHODS EMG data of quadriceps and hamstrings (during single limb drop-landing), and knee flexion angles (during tuck-jump test) of 29 (14 control and 15 experimental) female athletes with quadriceps dominance deficit were completed at baseline and after six weeks. Six weeks of perturbation training in the experimental group was applied over 18 sessions under the supervision of a physiotherapist. RESULTS The VL-LH and VM-MH cocontraction in feed-forward and feedback phases significantly increased after perturbation training. Also peak knee flexion angle significantly increased and reaches from 26.24°±3.54° in pretest to 48.92°±6.18° in posttest due to perturbation training effects on Q.D deficit women (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Finally because the Q.D neuromuscular deficit is one of the important mechanisms of noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes and the effect of perturbation training in solving this problem indicated in this study, so the use of perturbation trainings is recommended to women athlete coaches to eliminate this defect and improve athletic performance (functional tuck jump test). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The balanced cocontraction ratios produced after the perturbation training may benefit in anterior cruciate ligament injury-prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Letafatkar
- Department of sport biomechanics and corrective exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rajabi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimi Tekamejani
- Department of Tehran Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Medical University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Bien DP, Dubuque TJ. Considerations for late stage acl rehabilitation and return to sport to limit re-injury risk and maximize athletic performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2015; 10:256-271. [PMID: 25883874 PMCID: PMC4387733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL) surgical techniques, an improved understanding of the ACL's biomechanical role, and expanding research on optimal rehabilitation practices in ACL-reconstructed (ACLR) patients, the re-tear rate remains alarmingly high and athletic performance deficits persist after completion of the rehabilitation course in a large percentage of patients. Significant deficits may persist in strength, muscular activation, power, postural stability, lower extremity mechanics, and psychological preparedness. Many patients may continue to demonstrate altered movement mechanics associated with increased injury risk. The purpose of this clinical commentary and literature review is to provide a summary of current evidence to assist the rehabilitation professional in recognizing, assessing, and addressing factors which may have been previously underappreciated or unrecognized as having significant influence on ACLR rehabilitation outcomes. METHODS A literature review was completed using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Database with results limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English. 136 articles were reviewed and included in this commentary. CONCLUSIONS Barriers to successful return to previous level of activity following ACLR are multifactorial.Recent research suggests that changes to the neuromuscular system, movement mechanics, psychological preparedness, and motor learning deficits may be important considerations during late stage rehabilitation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5- Clinical Commentary.
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