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Jia M, Ma Y, Huang R, Liu L, Wang Z, Lin S, Peng Q, Xiong J, Zheng W. Correlation analysis between biomechanical characteristics of lower extremities during front roundhouse kick in Taekwondo and effective scores of electronic protectors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1364095. [PMID: 38974657 PMCID: PMC11224149 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1364095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the inherent relationship between the score values and the biomechanical characteristics of the forward kicking motion, we aim to identify the fundamental variables influencing the score values of the forward kicking motion and establish the key biomechanical factors that effectively trigger scoring in the forward kicking motion. Methods: The DaeDo electronic scoring system was used with the Vicon optical motion capture system and the Kistler 3D force platform to obtain kinematic and kinetic variables of the front roundhouse kick motion. Linear bivariate correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the associations between kinematic, kinetic variables, and scoring values, and summarize key biomechanical factors for effectively scoring. Results: The peak ankle plantar flexion angle and knee extension torque of the kicking leg showed a significant negative correlation with scoring values (r < 0, p < 0.05), while other variables showed no statistical significance. The peak knee flexion angle and hip extension angular velocity of the supporting leg showed a significant positive correlation with scoring values (r > 0, p < 0.01), while the peak ankle plantar flexion torque showed a significant negative correlation with scoring values (r < 0, p < 0.05), and other variables showed no statistically significant correlation. The absolute values of eigenvectors of the first and second principal components, which included hip angular velocity, ankle angle, knee torque, and hip torque, were relatively large, indicating their strong influence on effective scoring triggering. Conclusion: Maintaining ankle dorsiflexion and a larger knee flexion angle in the kicking leg is favorable for triggering scoring. Higher knee flexion angle and hip extension angular velocity in the supporting leg are also advantageous for triggering scoring. "Body posture" and "Strength" are key factors that effectively trigger scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijie Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Intelligent Sports Engineering Research Center, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Competitive Sports, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Jeong HS, Jeong DH, O’Sullivan DM, Jun HP, Kim MJ, Lee I, Jeon HG, Lee SY. Incidence of Sport Injuries in the Manchester 2019 World Taekwondo Championships: A Prospective Study of 936 Athletes from 145 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1978. [PMID: 36767345 PMCID: PMC9914880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to describe injury incidence and patterns at the 2019 World Taekwondo Championships (WTC), and to compare them with those of previous WTCs, based on new World Taekwondo (WT) competition rules, medical codes, and the Protector and Scoring System (PSS). This prospective cohort study utilized data obtained through the WT Injury Surveillance System. All athletes with injuries were evaluated by on-site sports medicine specialists, and ultrasonography was used to assess all musculoskeletal injuries. Of 936 athletes, 60 injuries were recorded (6.4 injuries/100 athletes, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 4.8-8.0), and 4.5% (n = 42) sustained at least one injury. Males had a higher risk of sustaining injuries than females (incidence rate ratio: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.89-2.76). The most common sites, type, and mechanism were lower extremities (n = 26, 43.33%), contusion/hematoma/bruises (n = 33, 55.0%), and contact with another athlete (n = 50, 83.33%). Overall, the injury patterns associated with the mechanism of injury were similar in both the 2019 and 2017 WTCs. Refined WT competition rules and a re-established PSS at the 2019 WTC reduced the overall and severe injury incidence. Our findings can help revise Taekwondo competition rules, enhance protective equipment, optimize on-site venue medical systems, and develop injury prevention projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seong Jeong
- Department of Sports and Health Management, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre Korea, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyoun Jeong
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David M. O’Sullivan
- Division of Sports Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Pil Jun
- Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jin Kim
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre Korea, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inje Lee
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre Korea, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyu Jeon
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre Korea, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Yong Lee
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre Korea, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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