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Brown M, Dainty S, Strudwick N, Mihai AD, Watson JN, Dendooven R, Paton AW, Paton JC, Schröder M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes insulin resistance by inhibiting delivery of newly synthesized insulin receptors to the cell surface. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2597-2629. [PMID: 32877278 PMCID: PMC7851869 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activates a signaling network known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here we characterize how ER stress and the UPR inhibit insulin signaling. We find that ER stress inhibits insulin signaling by depleting the cell surface population of the insulin receptor. ER stress inhibits proteolytic maturation of insulin proreceptors by interfering with transport of newly synthesized insulin proreceptors from the ER to the plasma membrane. Activation of AKT, a major target of the insulin signaling pathway, by a cytosolic, membrane-bound chimera between the AP20187-inducible FV2E dimerization domain and the cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor was not affected by ER stress. Hence, signaling events in the UPR, such as activation of the JNK mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases or the pseudokinase TRB3 by the ER stress sensors IRE1α and PERK, do not contribute to inhibition of signal transduction in the insulin signaling pathway. Indeed, pharmacologic inhibition and genetic ablation of JNKs, as well as silencing of expression of TRB3, did not restore insulin sensitivity or rescue processing of newly synthesized insulin receptors in ER-stressed cells. [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Brown
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Dainty
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Strudwick
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Adina D. Mihai
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie N. Watson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Robina Dendooven
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Martin Schröder
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
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Fred RG, Mehrabi S, Adams CM, Welsh N. PTB and TIAR binding to insulin mRNA 3'- and 5'UTRs; implications for insulin biosynthesis and messenger stability. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00159. [PMID: 27699280 PMCID: PMC5035359 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin expression is highly controlled on the posttranscriptional level. The RNA binding proteins (RBPs) responsible for this result are still largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To identify RBPs that bind to insulin mRNA we performed mass spectrometry analysis on proteins that bound synthetic oligonucloetides mimicing the 5'- and the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of rat and human insulin mRNA in vitro. We observed that the RBPs heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) U, polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), hnRNP L and T-cell restricted intracellular antigen 1-related protein (TIA-1-related protein; TIAR) bind to insulin mRNA sequences, and that the in vitro binding affinity of these RBPs changed when INS-1 cells were exposed to glucose, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) or nitric oxide. High glucose exposure resulted in a modest increase in PTB and TIAR binding to an insulin mRNA sequence. The inducer of nitrosative stress DETAnonoate increased markedly hnRNP U and TIAR mRNA binding. An increased PTB to TIAR binding ratio in vitro correlated with higher insulin mRNA levels and insulin biosynthesis rates in INS-1 cells. To further investigate the importance of RNA-binding proteins for insulin mRNA stability, we decreased INS-1 and EndoC-βH1 cell levels of PTB and TIAR by RNAi. In both cell lines, decreased levels of PTB resulted in lowered insulin mRNA levels while decreased levels of TIAR resulted in increased insulin mRNA levels. Thapsigargin-induced stress granule formation was associated with a redistribution of TIAR from the cytosol to stress granules. CONCLUSIONS These experiments indicate that alterations in insulin mRNA stability and translation correlate with differential RBP binding. We propose that the balance between PTB on one hand and TIAR on the other participates in the control of insulin mRNA stability and utilization for insulin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard G Fred
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Syrina Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Department of Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Norlin S, Parekh VS, Naredi P, Edlund H. Asna1/TRC40 Controls β-Cell Function and Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis by Ensuring Retrograde Transport. Diabetes 2016; 65:110-9. [PMID: 26438609 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell failure. Insulin resistance per se, however, does not provoke overt diabetes as long as compensatory β-cell function is maintained. The increased demand for insulin stresses the β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and secretory pathway, and ER stress is associated with β-cell failure in T2D. The tail recognition complex (TRC) pathway, including Asna1/TRC40, is implicated in the maintenance of endomembrane trafficking and ER homeostasis. To gain insight into the role of Asna1/TRC40 in maintaining endomembrane homeostasis and β-cell function, we inactivated Asna1 in β-cells of mice. We show that Asna1(β-/-) mice develop hypoinsulinemia, impaired insulin secretion, and glucose intolerance that rapidly progresses to overt diabetes. Loss of Asna1 function leads to perturbed plasma membrane-to-trans Golgi network and Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport as well as to ER stress in β-cells. Of note, pharmacological inhibition of retrograde transport in isolated islets and insulinoma cells mimicked the phenotype of Asna1(β-/-) β-cells and resulted in reduced insulin content and ER stress. These data support a model where Asna1 ensures retrograde transport and, hence, ER and insulin homeostasis in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Norlin
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vishal S Parekh
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Helena Edlund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Rabhi N, Salas E, Froguel P, Annicotte JS. Role of the unfolded protein response in β cell compensation and failure during diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:795171. [PMID: 24812634 PMCID: PMC4000654 DOI: 10.1155/2014/795171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell failure leads to diabetes development. During disease progression, β cells adapt their secretory capacity to compensate the elevated glycaemia and the peripheral insulin resistance. This compensatory mechanism involves a fine-tuned regulation to modulate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) capacity and quality control to prevent unfolded proinsulin accumulation, a major protein synthetized within the β cell. These signalling pathways are collectively termed unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR machinery is required to preserve ER homeostasis and β cell integrity. Moreover, UPR actors play a key role by regulating ER folding capacity, increasing the degradation of misfolded proteins, and limiting the mRNA translation rate. Recent genetic and biochemical studies on mouse models and human UPR sensor mutations demonstrate a clear requirement of the UPR machinery to prevent β cell failure and increase β cell mass and adaptation throughout the progression of diabetes. In this review we will highlight the specific role of UPR actors in β cell compensation and failure during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Rabhi
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS UMR 8199, Lille 2 University of Health and Law, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Elisabet Salas
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS UMR 8199, Lille 2 University of Health and Law, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS UMR 8199, Lille 2 University of Health and Law, 59000 Lille, France
- Departments of Genomics of Common Disease, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS UMR 8199, Lille 2 University of Health and Law, 59000 Lille, France
- Laboratoire Bases Moléculaires et Modélisation du Diabète et de l'Obésité, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, 59045 Lille, France
- *Jean-Sébastien Annicotte:
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin biosynthesis: a review. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:509437. [PMID: 22474424 PMCID: PMC3303544 DOI: 10.1155/2012/509437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction are major contributors to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Various conditions play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and are correlated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pancreatic beta cells are susceptible to ER stress. Many studies have shown that increased ER stress induces pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and diabetes mellitus using genetic models of ER stress and by various stimuli. There are many reports indicating that ER stress plays an important role in the impairment of insulin biosynthesis, suggesting that reduction of ER stress could be a therapeutic target for diabetes. In this paper, we reviewed the relationship between ER stress and diabetes and how ER stress controls insulin biosynthesis.
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