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Wang P, Yu P, Cheng S, Wu X, Li X, Zeng Y, Liu S. Efficacy and safety of nalbuphine for epidural labor analgesia at high altitude: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37509. [PMID: 38518033 PMCID: PMC10956986 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Xining is located at the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average altitude of >7000 feet (>2000 m). Nalbuphine is a kappa-opioid receptor agonist that can provide analgesia with fewer side effects than other opioid analgesics. This study aimed to evaluate pain control, side effects, and neonatal outcomes from combining nalbuphine with sufentanil and ropivacaine in 600 women during epidural anesthesia while giving birth at a high altitude in Xining, China. A total of 600 parturients receiving epidural labor analgesia were randomly divided into 2 groups, each group 300 parturients. The nalbuphine group received nalbuphine, sufentanil, and ropivacain, the control group only received sufentanil and ropivacain. The analgesic effect was evaluated through the Visual Analogue Scale scores. Neonatal outcomes were mainly evaluated through the Apgar Scores. Compared to the control group, the nalbuphine group showed lower Visual Analogue Scale scores at all time points after analgesia (P < .05). In comparison with the control group, parturients in the nalbuphine group showed lower incidence rates of fever at delivery, 24-hour postpartum bleeding, and pruritus (P < .05). However, between the 2 groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the remaining maternal and infant outcomes and neonatal outcomes (P > .05). Moreover, no adverse effects on neonatal outcomes were observed. The findings from this study support findings from previous studies that nalbuphine provided safe epidural analgesia without significant side effects for the mother and infant, and showed both safety and efficacy when used during labor at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxia Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Sen Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xinting Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Guang’an People’s Hospital, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Yinying Zeng
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
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Saad H, Maged AM, Meshaal H, Hassan SM, Kamel A, Salah E. Delayed versus early pushing during the second stage of labour in primigravidas under epidural anaesthesia with occipitoposterior malposition: a randomised controlled study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:23-27. [PMID: 33892614 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1867973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled trial aimed to compare the effect of early and delayed pushing during the second stage of labour in women with occipitoposterior (OP) malposition. It included 184 nulliparous women with OP position randomised to early pushing in which women were allowed to push within one hour after full cervical dilatation or delayed pushing in which women were asked not to push for maximum of three hours or start pushing when the vertex was visible. The primary outcome was successful vaginal delivery. The rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery was significantly higher in the early pushing group (80.4 vs. 60.9%, p=.004) while the rate of instrumental vaginal delivery (30.4 vs. 15.4%) and CS (8.7 vs. 4.3%) was significantly higher in the delayed pushing group. Women in the delayed pushing group showed a significantly longer duration of the second stage (129.4 ± 7.5 vs. 61.6 ± 15.3 minutes, p<.001) and shorter duration of pushing (219.8 ± 74.8 vs. 693.9 ± 145.2 seconds, p<.001) .The rate of 2nd and 3rd degree perineal lacerations (19.6 and 13% vs. 5.4 and 8.7% respectively, p=.013) and vaginal tears (41.3 vs. 8.7%, p<.001) was significantly higher in the early pushing group. We concluded that early pushing during the second stage of labour is associated with higher rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery and vaginal and perineal lacerations.Clinical trial registration NCT03121274.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Occipitoposterior malposition is common during delivery especially in primigravida and is associated with higher rates of instrumental delivery and caesarean section. It can be managed through early or delayed pushing.What the results of this study add? Early pushing is associated with higher rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery, perineal and vaginal tears, shorter duration of second stage of labour, shorter duration of pushing, lower rates of both instrumental vaginal delivery and caesarean section.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Early pushing during the second stage of labour is associated with higher rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery and vaginal and perineal lacerations in women with OP malposition and should be tried and not delaying the pushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Saad
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr AlAini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Maged
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr AlAini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadeer Meshaal
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr AlAini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Hassan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr AlAini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr AlAini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Salah
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr AlAini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Khaled GM, Sabry AI. Outcomes of intrathecal analgesia in multiparous women undergoing normal vaginal delivery: A randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth 2020; 64:109-117. [PMID: 32139928 PMCID: PMC7017673 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_572_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Although intrathecal analgesia is an effective option during labour, there is a need to establish sustainable and assured analgesia during the entire labour process. We aimed to assess the effect of adding dexmedetomidine, fentanyl or morphine to low-dose bupivacaine-dexamethasone for intrathecal labour analgesia in multiparous women. Methods This was a triple-blind, randomised controlled trial that included 140 multiparous women. Eligible women were randomly allocated to have intrathecal bupivacaine-dexamethasone with dexmedetomidine (group D), fentanyl (group F), morphine (group M) or saline (placebo) (group C). The duration of analgesia, intrathecal block characteristics and maternal and foetal outcomes were assessed and analysed. Results The longest analgesia duration and S1 regression time was recorded in group D followed by groups M, F and C, respectively, with statistical significance between all of them (P < 0.001). The shortest analgesia onset time and the highest sensory levels were recorded in group D followed by group F then group M with statistical significance between all of them (P < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Visual analogue scale values were comparable among groups M, F and D (P > 0.05) at most of the measurement time points and at the peak of the last uterine contraction before delivery while being significantly lower than those in group C (P < 0.001). However, there were similar motor block characteristics and normal neonatal outcomes in all groups. Conclusion In comparison to morphine and fentanyl, dexmedetomidine addition to intrathecal bupivacaine-dexamethasone significantly prolonged the duration and accelerated the onset of labour analgesia, with a good maternal and neonatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaballah M Khaled
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Abdallah I Sabry
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Zhang Y, Qin QR, Hui LT. Motor blocks and operative deliveries with ropivacaine and fentanyl for labor epidural analgesia: A meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:2156-2165. [PMID: 30084116 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- 2nd Inpatient Department; Binzhou People's Hospital; Binzhou China
| | - Qing-Rong Qin
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Polytechnic College; Binzhou China
| | - Liang-Tu Hui
- 2nd Inpatient Department; Binzhou People's Hospital; Binzhou China
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Ferrer LE, Romero DJ, Vásquez OI, Matute EC, Van de Velde M. Effect of programmed intermittent epidural boluses and continuous epidural infusion on labor analgesia and obstetric outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:915-922. [PMID: 28884414 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Continuous epidural infusion and programmed intermittent epidural boluses are analgesic techniques routinely used for pain relief in laboring women. We aimed to assess both techniques and compare them with respect to labor analgesia and obstetric outcomes. METHODS After Institutional Review Board approval, 132 laboring women aged between 18 and 45 years were randomized to epidural analgesia of 10 mL of a mixture of 0.1% bupivacaine plus 2 µg/mL of fentanyl either by programmed intermittent boluses or continuous infusion (66 per group). Primary outcome was quality of analgesia. Secondary outcomes were duration of labor, total drug dose used, maternal satisfaction, sensory level, motor block level, presence of unilateral motor block, hemodynamics, side effects, mode of delivery, and newborn outcome. RESULTS Patients in the programmed intermittent epidural boluses group received statistically less drug dose than those with continuous epidural infusion (24.9 vs 34.4 mL bupivacaine; P = 0.01). There was no difference between groups regarding pain control, characteristics of block, hemodynamics, side effects, and Apgar scores. CONCLUSIONS Our study evidenced a lower anesthetic consumption in the programmed intermittent boluses group with similar labor analgesic control, and obstetric and newborn outcomes in both groups.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects
- Analgesia, Epidural/methods
- Analgesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects
- Analgesia, Obstetrical/methods
- Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/adverse effects
- Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/methods
- Anesthesia, Epidural/methods
- Bupivacaine/administration & dosage
- Bupivacaine/adverse effects
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Fentanyl/administration & dosage
- Fentanyl/adverse effects
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infusion Pumps
- Infusions, Parenteral
- Labor Pain/drug therapy
- Labor, Obstetric/drug effects
- Labor, Obstetric/physiology
- Middle Aged
- Pain Management
- Pregnancy
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo E Ferrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - David J Romero
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar I Vásquez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ednna C Matute
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marc Van de Velde
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
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Herrera-Gómez A, Luna-Bertos ED, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Ocaña-Peinado FM, García-Martínez O, Ruiz C. The Effect of Epidural Analgesia Alone and in Association With Other Variables on the Risk of Cesarean Section. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 19:393-398. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800417706023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Epidural analgesia (EA) is the most widespread pharmacologic method of labor pain relief. There remains disagreement, however, regarding its adverse effects. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of EA administration on the risk of cesarean delivery and its causes (e.g., stalled labor, risk of loss of fetal well-being, among others) and the degree to which this effect may be modulated by mother-, newborn-, and labor-related variables. Method: A retrospective cohort observational study was conducted including all deliveries in a Spanish public hospital between March 2010 and March 2013 ( N = 2,450; EA = 562, non-EA = 1,888). Results: Risk of a cesarean section was significantly increased by EA administration (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.673; p < .0001). The percentage of cesarean deliveries due to the risk of loss of fetal well-being was significantly higher in the EA (47.8%) versus non-EA group (27.5%; OR = 1.739; p = 0.0012,). The EA-associated risk of cesarean section was not significantly modified as a function of maternal age or parity, fetal position, newborn weight, weeks of gestation, or sedation administration alone. However, these variables in combination may increase the risk. We present multivariate models for each group that account for these variables, allowing for estimation of the risk of a cesarean delivery if EA is administered. Conclusion: EA is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery. Other variables in combination (maternal age or parity, fetal position, newborn weight, weeks of gestation, or sedation administration) may increase this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Herrera-Gómez
- Hospital “San Juan de la Cruz”, Úbeda, Jaén, Spain
- Servicio Sanitario Público Andaluz, Junta de Andalucía, Úbeda, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira De Luna-Bertos
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Olga García-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Granada Health-Science Technology Park, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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Guo S, Li B, Gao C, Tian Y. Epidural Analgesia With Bupivacaine and Fentanyl Versus Ropivacaine and Fentanyl for Pain Relief in Labor: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e880. [PMID: 26061307 PMCID: PMC4616487 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the combinational use of bupivacaine and fentanyl versus ropivacaine and fentanyl in epidural analgesia for labor. Multiple electronic databases were searched by using appropriate MeSH terms, and keywords for original research papers published before October 2014. Meta-analyses were based on mean differences between the groups as well as odds ratios. Statistical heterogeneity was tested by I² index. Fifteen randomized controlled trials, recruiting 2097 parturient mothers overall, were selected for the meta-analyses. Concentrations of the preparations used (weight/volume; mean and standard deviations) were bupivacaine 0.1023% ± 0.0375%, ropivacaine 0.1095% ± 0.042%, and fentanyl 0.00021% ± 0.000089%. There were no statistically significant differences between both the combinations in the mean change in Visual Analog Score for pain during labor, incidence of instrumental or cesarean delivery, neonate Apgar score of <7, maternal satisfaction, duration of either first or second stage of labor, oxytocin use for induction, onset of analgesia, and duration of analgesia. Women who received ropivacaine and fentanyl had significantly lower incidence of motor blocks (odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.38 [0.30, 0.48] P < 0.00001, fixed effect and 0.38 [0.27, 0.54] P < 0.0001, random effects I² 30%) when compared with women who received bupivacaine and fentanyl. Incidence of side effects was similar for both the combinations. Analgesia with ropivacaine in combination with fentanyl at 0.1%:0.0002% ratio for labor pain relief is associated with lower incidence of motor blocks in comparison with analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl at similar ratio (0.1%: 0.0002%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbin Guo
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang (SG); Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan General Hospital, PLA Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan (BL, CG); and Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (YT)
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Li Y, Hu C, Fan Y, Wang H, Xu H. Epidural analgesia with amide local anesthetics, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine in combination with fentanyl for labor pain relief: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:921-8. [PMID: 25816849 PMCID: PMC4395021 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study compares the effectiveness of bupivacaine and fentanyl (BUPI-FEN) and ropivacaine and fentanyl (ROPI-EFN) in epidural analgesia for labor pain through a meta-analysis of relevant randomized clinical trials. Material/Methods Multiple electronic databases were searched using appropriate MeSH terms and keywords for original English language research papers published between 1990 and March 2014. Meta-analyses results were based on the mean differences between the groups as well as odds ratios where appropriate. Statistical heterogeneity amongst the included studies was tested by I2 index. Results Nine studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis which consisted of 556 parturient patients. The duration of the second stage of labor was significantly shorter in the BUPI-FEN group by a mean of −6.87 (−10.98, −2.77; P<0.002). On the other hand, the ROPI-FEN group had a significantly lower incidence of motor blockade by a mean of 0.31 (0.18, 0.51; P<0.00001). A positive relationship between the amide local anesthetic concentration and the number of women having motor blockade was observed, but a negative relationship between fentanyl concentration and the number of women experiencing a motor block. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the concentration of ropivacaine and the incidence of instrumental delivery and between the concentration of bupivacaine and the incidence of cesarean delivery. Conclusions In combination with fentanyl, bupivacaine and ropivacaine exhibit comparable efficacy and safety. However, BUP-FEN analgesia led to a shortened second-stage labor and ROPI-FEN resulted in a significantly lower incidence of motor block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Cong Hu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Yanyan Fan
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Huixia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan General Hospital, PLA Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Li B, Wang H, Gao C. Bupivacaine in combination with fentanyl or sufentanil in epidural/intrathecal analgesia for labor: a meta-analysis. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:584-91. [PMID: 25535687 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is to compare the effectiveness of combinational use of bupivacaine with fentanyl (BUPI-FEN) and sufentanil (BUPI-SUF) in epidural/intrathecal analgesia for labor. Electronic databases were searched for relevant research papers published between 1985 and 2014. Meta-analyses of mean differences or odds ratios were performed and statistical heterogeneity between the studies tested by I(2) index. Ten studies recruiting a total of 728 women in labor were selected. Concentrations of the anesthetics used as mean ± sd were bupivacaine 0.115 ± 0.056%, fentanyl 0.0007 ± 0.001%, and sufentanil 0.00017 ± 0.00022%. Duration of analgesia was not significantly different between BUPI-SUF and BUPI-FEN administered mothers (mean difference [95%CI] of -33.55 [-74.94, 7.83] minutes; P = .11) under random effects. The onset of analgesia was also not significantly different between both groups (mean difference [95%CI] of -0.61 [-1.38, 0.16] minutes; P = .12). The number of neonates with Apgar score < 7 was significantly lower in BUPI-FEN group (odd ratio [95%CI] of 0.31 [0.10, 0.95]; P < .05). Pruritus incidence was similar. In conclusion, BUPI-FEN combination exhibits significantly better tolerability at an approximate ratio of 6 FEN:1 SUF, albeit, both fentanyl and sufentanil in combination with bupivacaine provide similar analgesic properties via the epidural or intrathecal routes for labor pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan General Hospital, PLA Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, China
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Ardabili FM, Purhajari S, Najafi Ghezeljeh T, Haghani H. The effect of shiatsu massage on pain reduction in burn patients. World J Plast Surg 2014; 3:115-8. [PMID: 25489534 PMCID: PMC4236994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn is a tragedy that follows multiple problems in a patient including pain, anxiety and lack of confidence into medical team. This study evaluated the effect of shiatsu massage on pain intensity of burn patients. METHODS A total of 120 burn patients from Motahhari Burn Hospital and of both genders were randomly divided into 4 groups of undergoing hand massage, leg massage, both hand and leg massages, and the control group. The effect of shiatsu massage in pain relief of burned patients was evaluated. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain in burn patients. RESULTS Pain intensity in the control group before and after the intervention was not statistically significant (p=1). In all massage groups, the difference for pain intensity before and after the intervention was statistically significant. CONCLUSION According to our data, shiatsu method over both hands and legs were effective in pain reduction and can be recommended together with analgesics to decrease the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohaddes Ardabili
- Faculty Member in Medical Surgical Group, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soybeh Purhajari
- MSc Student of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;,Correspondence Author: Soybeh Purhajari, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98-441-3673279, E-mail:
| | - Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh
- PhD Assistant Professor, Medical- Surgical Group, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Haghani
- Department of Statistic and Mathematics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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