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Amekyeh H, Kumadoh D, Adongo DW, Orman E, Abubakar S, Dwamena A, Aggrey MO. Evaluation of packaging, labels, and some physicochemical properties of herbal antimalarial products on the Ghanaian market. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27032. [PMID: 38463810 PMCID: PMC10920373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria is a parasitic disease that is endemic in tropical areas and can be life-threatening. There has been a decrease in the prevalence of malaria in Ghana but the burden of the disease is still high in the country. Many Ghanaians depend on herbal products for malaria treatment. This study aimed to survey and evaluate commercial herbal antimalarials in the Volta Region of Ghana. Methods A survey of finished herbal antimalarials was done at herbal shops, pharmacies, and over-the-counter medicine seller shops. Products available on shelves were purchased and their details were recorded, after which they were examined using a visual inspection tool. The density, pH, and extract weight per dose of each sample were also determined. Results Thirty-four liquid formulations (A-1-34) containing 1-9 different herbs were found. The majority of the product labels had errors in consumer age classifications. Unconventional ways of stating doses were found on two products (A-13, "tot"; A-19, cupful). Six products did not have dosing devices. No duration of treatment was indicated on 24 products. Dose errors were found on A-14 and A-22. Samples A-17 and A-28 did not have registration or batch numbers. Product A-28 did not have its herbs listed on it and was indicated for persons aged 3-8 years at a dose of 45 mL. The relative density range for the products was 0.997-1.015. From the pH investigation, no product was extremely erosive; however, 10 samples were deemed erosive (pH, 3.0-3.99), whereas 24 were minimally erosive (pH, ≥4.0). The extract weight per dose volume (20-90 mL) was 0.048-1.766 g, indicating that unit dose capsules or tablets could be formulated from the products. Conclusion The findings clearly show that Ghanaian authorities responsible for regulating herbal products must enforce guidelines for the formulation, label details, and sale of antimalarial products. Additionally, the unpleasant taste of liquid herbal mixtures can affect patient compliance and dosing convenience; therefore, it is recommended that oral solid dosage forms of herbal antimalarials are produced as alternatives to the liquid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Amekyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Doris Kumadoh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
- Department of Production, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Donatus Wewura Adongo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Orman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Sadique Abubakar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Audrey Dwamena
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Mike Okweesi Aggrey
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
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Tali MBT, Dize D, Njonte Wouamba SC, Tsouh Fokou PV, Keumoe R, Ngansop CN, Nguembou Njionhou MS, Jiatsa Mbouna CD, Yamthe Tchokouaha LR, Maharaj V, Khorommbi NK, Naidoo-Maharaj D, Tchouankeu JC, Boyom FF. In vitro antiplasmodial activity-directed investigation and UPLC-MS fingerprint of promising extracts and fractions from Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. and Terminalia brownii Fresen. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115512. [PMID: 35788037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Medicinal plants from the Terminalia genus are widely used as remedies against many infectious diseases, including malaria. As such, Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. and Terminalia brownii Fresen. are famous due to their usefulness in traditional medicines to treat malaria and yellow fever. However, further information is needed on the extent of anti-Plasmodium potency of extracts and fractions from these plants and their phytochemical profile. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity and to determine the chemical profile of promising extracts and fractions from T. ivorensis and T. brownii stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, hydroethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared by maceration from the stem barks of T. brownii and T. ivorensis. They were subsequently tested against chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and multidrug-resistant (PfDd2) strains of P. falciparum using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) assay. Extracts showing very good activity on both plasmodial strains were further fractionated using column chromatography guided by evidence of antiplasmodial activity. All bioactive extracts and fractions were screened for their cytotoxicity on Vero and Raw cell lines using the resazurin-based assay and on erythrocytes using the hemolysis assay. The phytochemical profiles of selected potent extracts and fractions were determined by UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis. RESULTS Of the ten extracts obtained from both plant species, nine showed inhibitory activity against both P. falciparum strains (Pf3D7 and PfDd2), with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 0.13 μg/ml to 10.59 μg/ml. Interestingly, the aqueous extract of T. ivorensis (TiW) and methanolic extract of T. brownii (TbM) displayed higher antiplasmodial activities against both strains (IC50 0.13-1.43 μg/ml) and high selectivity indices (SI > 100). Their fractionation led to two fractions from T. ivorensis and two from T. brownii that showed very promising antiplasmodial activity (IC50 0.15-1.73 μg/mL) and SI greater than 100. The hemolytic assay confirmed the safety of crude extracts and fractions on erythrocytes. UPLC-MS-based phytochemical analysis of the crude aqueous extract of T. ivorensis showed the presence of ellagic acid (1) and leucodelphidin (2), while analysis of the crude methanol extract of T. brownii showed the presence of ellagic acid (1), leucodelphinidin (2), papyriogenin D (3), dihydroactinidiolide (4) and miltiodiol (5). CONCLUSIONS The extracts and fractions from T. ivorensis and T. brownii showed very good antiplasmodial activity, thus supporting the traditional use of the two plants in the treatment of malaria. Chemical profiling of the extracts and fractions led to the identification of chemical markers and the known antimalarial compound ellagic acid. Further isolation and testing of other pure compounds from the active fractions could lead to the identification of potent antiplasmodial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Darline Dize
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Steven Collins Njonte Wouamba
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, PO Box 39, Bambili, Bamenda, Cameroon.
| | - Rodrigue Keumoe
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Cyrille Njanpa Ngansop
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Michelle Sidoine Nguembou Njionhou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Lauve Rachel Yamthe Tchokouaha
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Vinesh Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Campus, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
| | | | - Dashnie Naidoo-Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Campus, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council-Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Jean Claude Tchouankeu
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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The effects of the ethanol extract of Cordia myxa leaves on the cognitive function in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:215. [PMID: 35948926 PMCID: PMC9367120 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae) is widely distributed in tropical regions and it’s fruits, leaves and stem bark have been utilized in folk medicine for treating trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. A population-based study showed that T. cruzi infection is associated with cognitive impairments. Therefore, if C. myxa has ameliorating activities on cognitive function, it would be useful for both T. cruzi infection and cognitive impairments.
Methods
In this study, we evaluated the effects of an ethanol extract of leaves of C. myxa (ELCM) on memory impairments and sensorimotor gating deficits in mice. The phosphorylation level of protein was observed by the Western blot analysis.
Results
The administration of ELCM significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice, as measured by passive avoidance test and novel object recognition test. Additionally, in the acoustic startle response test, we observed that the administration of ELCM ameliorated MK-801-induced prepulse inhibition deficits. We found that these behavioral outcomes were related with increased levels of phosphorylation phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) in the cortex and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus by western blot analysis.
Conclusions
These results suggest that ELCM would be a potential candidate for treating cognitive dysfunction and sensorimotor gating deficits observed in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Tajbakhsh E, Kwenti TE, Kheyri P, Nezaratizade S, Lindsay DS, Khamesipour F. Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature. Malar J 2021; 20:349. [PMID: 34433465 PMCID: PMC8390284 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria still constitutes a major public health menace, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Close to half a million people mainly children in Africa, die every year from the disease. With the rising resistance to frontline drugs (artemisinin-based combinations), there is a need to accelerate the discovery and development of newer anti-malarial drugs. A systematic review was conducted to identify the African medicinal plants with significant antiplasmodial and/or anti-malarial activity, toxicity, as wells as assessing the variation in their activity between study designs (in vitro and in vivo). METHODS Key health-related databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Science Direct were searched for relevant literature on the antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activities of African medicinal plants. RESULTS In total, 200 research articles were identified, a majority of which were studies conducted in Nigeria. The selected research articles constituted 722 independent experiments evaluating 502 plant species. Of the 722 studies, 81.9%, 12.4%, and 5.5% were in vitro, in vivo, and combined in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The most frequently investigated plant species were Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Picrilima nitida, and Nauclea latifolia meanwhile Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, and Lamiaceae were the most frequently investigated plant families. Overall, 248 (34.3%), 241 (33.4%), and 233 (32.3%) of the studies reported very good, good, and moderate activity, respectively. Alchornea cordifolia, Flueggea virosa, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, and Maytenus senegalensis gave consistently very good activity across the different studies. In all, only 31 (4.3%) of studies involved pure compounds and these had significantly (p = 0.044) higher antiplasmodial activity relative to crude extracts. Out of the 198 plant species tested for toxicity, 52 (26.3%) demonstrated some degree of toxicity, with toxicity most frequently reported with Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina. These species were equally the most frequently inactive plants reported. The leaves were the most frequently reported toxic part of plants used. Furthermore, toxicity was observed to decrease with increasing antiplasmodial activity. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many indigenous plants with considerable antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activity, the progress in the development of new anti-malarial drugs from African medicinal plants is still slothful, with only one clinical trial with Cochlospermum planchonii (Bixaceae) conducted to date. There is, therefore, the need to scale up anti-malarial drug discovery in the African region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Regional Hospital Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parya Kheyri
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Nezaratizade
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - David S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0342, USA
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bioactive Constituents and Potency of Aqueous-Methanolic Extract of <i>Asclepias syriaca</i> on <i>Plasmodium falciparum </i>Infected Albino Rats. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.51.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High mortality rate couple with the economic effect of deadly Plasmodium falciparum caused by malaria necessitated this study. Evaluation of bioactive constituents and antimalarial properties of the aqueous-methanolic extract of Asclepias syriaca (A. syriaca) was investigated. Bioactive constituents were determined by GC-MS analytical detector. Albino rats were five in each group of six groups (A-E) in which group A was non-infected with P. falciparum (negative control). Groups B, C, D, E were infected with 1×107/ml P. falciparum without treated, treated with standard drugs of 20mg of chloroquine/kg, 100, 200 and 400mg of extracted A. syriaca/kg, respectively. Hematological and biochemical parameters of Plasmodium falciparum infected albino rats were determined. Aqueous-methanolic extract of A. syriaca leaf made up of high content of pyrimidine, quinolone and silane derivatives with synergetic properties with potency for therapeutic of malarial and viral infectious diseases. MCV, PLA, RBC, total protein and albumin were significantly elevated upon infected P. falciparum and gradually increases with dosage and time when treated with chloroquine and A.syriaca leaf extract but vice visa for the case WBC and creatinine. Parasitemia level significantly declined when administered with chloroquine and A, syriaca leaf extract for 36 hours. Hence serves as an effective medication in place of chloroquine due to its availability, avoidable and as a source of relevant medications to Plasmodium spp and viral infectious diseases.
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Therapeutic and Ameliorative Effects of Active Compounds of Combretum molle in the Treatment and Relief from Wounds in a Diabetes Mellitus Experimental Model. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Foot ulcers are one of the leading causes of severe and high mortality in diabetics. It is known that wound healing in diabetics is a very complicated process due to the direct severe effect of diabetes mellitus on blood vessels, causing difficulty in wound healing. Many methods of treatment have recently been employed for novel dressings for the promotion of tissue regeneration and rapid wound closure. Combretum molle is composed of chemical compounds, such as lignin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Twenty male rats that were 4 months of age were divided into a I-a diabetic foot ulcer group as the control group and a II-a diabetic group (wound + Combretum molle). This study investigated the antioxidant and excellent healing effects of the extract of Combretum molle in repairing skin damaged by diabetes. This was confirmed by elevated antioxidant enzymes in the animals’ tissues in diabetic rats treated with this extract. The recovery of the alterations in the skin layers led to great improvements, which proved the Combretum molle’s promising capacity for wound healing in diabetics with wounds that mimic diabetic foot ulcers. This treatment can be considered a promising opportunity for patients with severe foot ulcers and may open the door to more discoveries about this plant’s medical capabilities.
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Camara A, Haddad M, Reybier K, Traoré MS, Baldé MA, Royo J, Baldé AO, Batigne P, Haidara M, Baldé ES, Coste A, Baldé AM, Aubouy A. Terminalia albida treatment improves survival in experimental cerebral malaria through reactive oxygen species scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. Malar J 2019; 18:431. [PMID: 31852507 PMCID: PMC6921526 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of Plasmodium resistance to the last effective anti-malarial drugs necessitates the urgent development of new anti-malarial therapeutic strategies. To this end, plants are an important source of new molecules. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-malarial effects of Terminalia albida, a plant used in Guinean traditional medicine, as well as its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may be useful in treating cases of severe malaria. Methods In vitro antiplasmodial activity was evaluated on a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K-1). In vivo efficacy of the plant extract was measured in the experimental cerebral malaria model based on Plasmodium berghei (strain ANKA) infection. Mice brains were harvested on Day 7–8 post-infection, and T cells recruitment to the brain, expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were measured by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and ELISA. Non-malarial in vitro models of inflammation and oxidative response were used to confirm Terminalia albida effects. Constituents of Terminalia albida extract were characterized by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Top ranked compounds were putatively identified using plant databases and in silico fragmentation patterns. Results In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Terminalia albida was confirmed with an IC50 of 1.5 μg/mL. In vivo, Terminalia albida treatment greatly increased survival rates in P. berghei-infected mice. Treated mice were all alive until Day 12, and the survival rate was 50% on Day 20. Terminalia albida treatment also significantly decreased parasitaemia by 100% on Day 4 and 89% on Day 7 post-infection. In vivo anti-malarial activity was related to anti-inflammatory properties, as Terminalia albida treatment decreased T lymphocyte recruitment and expression of pro-inflammatory markers in brains of treated mice. These properties were confirmed in vitro in the non-malarial model. In vitro, Terminalia albida also demonstrated a remarkable dose-dependent neutralization activity of reactive oxygen species. Twelve compounds were putatively identified in Terminalia albida stem bark. Among them, several molecules already identified may be responsible for the different biological activities observed, especially tannins and triterpenoids. Conclusion The traditional use of Terminalia albida in the treatment of malaria was validated through the combination of in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissata Camara
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Reybier
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamed Sahar Traoré
- Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.,Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mamadou Aliou Baldé
- Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.,Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jade Royo
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alpha Omar Baldé
- Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.,Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Philippe Batigne
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mahamane Haidara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Technics and Technologies (USTTB) of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Elhadj Saidou Baldé
- Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.,Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Agnès Coste
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aliou Mamadou Baldé
- Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Antimalarial Activity of Cordia africana (Lam.) (Boraginaceae) Leaf Extracts and Solvent Fractions in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8324596. [PMID: 31531119 PMCID: PMC6721471 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8324596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a major worldwide public health problem leading to death of millions of people. Spread and emergence of antimalarial drug resistance are the major challenge in malaria control. Medicinal plants are the key source of new effective antimalarial agents. Cordia africana (Lam.) is widely used for traditional management of malaria by local people in different parts of Ethiopia. The present study aimed to evaluate in vivo antimalarial effects of leaf extracts and solvent fractions of Cordia africana on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Methods The leaf extracts were prepared and tested for oral acute toxicity according to the OECD guideline. In vivo antimalarial effects of various doses of C. africana extracts and solvent fractions were determined using the four-day suppression test (both crude and fractions), as well as curative and chemoprophylactic tests (crude extracts). Results The acute toxicity test of the plant extract revealed that the medium lethal dose is higher than 2000 mg/kg. The crude extract of the plant exhibited significant parasitemia suppression in the four-day suppression (51.19%), curative (57.14%), and prophylactic (46.48%) tests at 600 mg/kg. The n-butanol fraction exhibited the highest chemosuppression (55.62%) at 400 mg/kg, followed by the chloroform fraction (45.04%) at the same dose. Conclusion Our findings indicated that both the crude leaf extracts and fractions of C. africana possess antimalarial effects, supporting the traditional claim of the plant.
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Mbouna CDJ, Kouipou RMT, Keumoe R, Tchokouaha LRY, Fokou PVT, Tali BMT, Sahal D, Boyom FF. Potent antiplasmodial extracts and fractions from Terminalia mantaly and Terminalia superba. Malar J 2018; 17:142. [PMID: 29615047 PMCID: PMC5883263 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence and spread of malaria parasites resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapy stresses the need for novel drugs against malaria. Investigating plants used in traditional medicine to treat malaria remains a credible option for new anti-malarial drug development. This study was aimed at investigating the antiplasmodial activity and selectivity of extracts and fractions from Terminalia mantaly and Terminalia superba (Combretaceae) that are used in Cameroon to treat malaria. Methods Twelve methanolic (m) and water (w) extracts obtained by maceration of powdered dried leaves (l), stem bark (sb) and root (r) of Terminalia mantaly (Tm) and Terminalia superba (Ts) and 12 derived fractions of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 4 final residues of selected extracts were assessed for antiplasmodial potential in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant PfINDO and the chloroquine-sensitive Pf3D7 strains of Plasmodium falciparum using the SYBR green I-based fluorescence assay. The cytotoxicity of potent extracts and fractions was evaluated in vitro using the MTT assay on HEK239T cell line. Results The antiplasmodial IC50 of extracts from both plants ranged from 0.26 to > 25 µg/mL. Apart from the extracts Tmrm and Tsrw that exerted moderate antiplasmodial activities (IC50: 5–20 µg/mL) and Tmrw that was found to be non-active at the tested concentrations (IC50 > 25 µg/mL), all other tested crude extracts exhibited potent activities with IC50 < 5 µg/mL. The aqueous extracts from the stem bark of Terminalia mantaly (Tmsbw) and the leaf of Terminalia superba (Tslw) displayed the highest antiplasmodial activities (IC50: 0.26–1.26 µg/mL) and selectivity (SI > 158) on both resistant PfINDO and sensitive Pf3D7 strains. Four fractions upon further extraction with chloroform and ethyl acetate (TmlwChl, TmsbwChl, TmsbwEA, TsrmEA) afforded from three selected crude extracts (Tmlw, Tmsbw, Tsrm) exhibited highly potent activities against both P. falciparum strains (IC50 < 2 µg/mL) and high selectivity (SI > 109). Conclusions The results achieved in this work validate the reported traditional use of Terminalia mantaly and Terminalia superba to treat malaria. Moreover, the highly potent and selective fractions warrant further investigation to characterize the active antiplasmodial principles and progress them to rodent malaria models studies if activity and selectivity are evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric D J Mbouna
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rufin M T Kouipou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rodrigue Keumoe
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lauve R Y Tchokouaha
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patrick V T Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Brice M T Tali
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Fabrice F Boyom
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Mwangi VI, Mumo RM, Nyachieo A, Onkoba N. Herbal medicine in the treatment of poverty associated parasitic diseases: A case of sub-Saharan Africa. J Herb Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Nutmakul T, Pattanapanyasat K, Soonthornchareonnon N, Shiomi K, Mori M, Prathanturarug S. Antiplasmodial activities of a Thai traditional antipyretic formulation, Bencha-Loga-Wichian: A comparative study between the roots and their substitutes, the stems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:125-132. [PMID: 27396349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bencha-Loga-Wichian (BLW) is a polyherbal antipyretic formulation that is comprised of Capparis micracantha, Clerodendrum indicum, Ficus racemosa, Harrisonia perforata, and Tiliacora triandra. A traditional medical textbook has documented the use of this formulation for the treatment of many types of fever, including malaria-like fever. Traditionally, BLW is composed of the root parts of those plants. However, in current practice, the stem parts are frequently substituted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antiplasmodial activities of BLW and compare the efficacy between the stem and root parts. MATERIALS AND METHODS BLW formulations produced from either the stem or root parts of the various constituent plants as well as the stems or roots of the individual plants were separately extracted and tested against the chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and -resistant (PfW2) strains Plasmodium falciparum using flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated using the WST-8 assay to determine the selectivity index (SI). The active compounds of BLW were isolated using antiplasmodial-guided isolation and quantified using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). RESULTS The stem and root parts of BLW and the individual plants exhibited antiplasmodial activities at the same levels with good SI values in the range of 3.55-19.74. The extracts of BLW exhibited promising antiplasmodial activity against both Pf3D7 (IC50<5µg/mL) and PfW2 (IC50=6-10µg/mL). Among the five component plants, T. triandra was the most active and exhibited an IC50<5µg/mL against both strains of parasites with SI values >10. We isolated tiliacorinine and yanangcorinine as the major active compounds (IC50<2µg/mL). However, these two compounds demonstrated cytotoxic effects (SI<1). The UPLC analysis identified these compounds in both the stem and root parts of BLW in the range of 0.57-7.66%, which correlated with the antiplasmodial activity. The concentrations of these compounds in BLW, at comparable efficacy, were much less than those at the IC50s for the single compounds alone. It suggested that synergistic interactions increased the antiplasmodial effects as well as alleviated the toxicity of the active compounds in BLW. CONCLUSION This study described a promising antiplasmodial activity of BLW that had good selectivity and a toxicity-alleviating effect. The results provided scientific support for the use of this formulation for the treatment of malaria. In addition, the stem and root parts of the plants in BLW exhibited equivalent activities, which indicates the potential for the substitution of the stem parts in the formulation. Thus, we recommend additional study of the stem parts of these plants for further development on the basis of the availability and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanutchaporn Nutmakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Laboratory of Biological Functions, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mihoko Mori
- Laboratory of Biological Functions, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Sompop Prathanturarug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Kabiru AY, Ibikunle GF, Innalegwu DA, Bola BM, Madaki FM. In Vivo Antiplasmodial and Analgesic Effect of Crude Ethanol Extract of Piper guineense Leaf Extract in Albino Mice. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:8687313. [PMID: 27446637 PMCID: PMC4944089 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8687313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of crude ethanol extract of Piper guineense was investigated in mice. The antiplasmodial and analgesic efficacy of the extract was judged on its ability to reduce parasitemia and writhing, respectively, in mice. The antiplasmodial screening involved treating infected mice with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract while the positive control group was given standard artesunate drug. The analgesic test was carried out by administering 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to three groups of healthy mice, respectively, after induction of pain with 0.75% acetic acid. The positive control group was given aspirin drug. Parasitemia was reduced by 28.36%, 43.28%, and 62.69% in a dose-dependent pattern in the curative test which was significantly different (P < 0.05) from 96.03% of the standard drug. The reduction of writhing by mice given the extract was also dose-dependent (36.29, 45.43, and 59.07%). Aspirin drug was however more effective (86.36%). The extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Result obtained in this study demonstrated the efficacy of ethanol extract of Piper guineense as an antiplasmodial and analgesic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Kabiru
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - G. F. Ibikunle
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - D. A. Innalegwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - B. M. Bola
- Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Global Institute for Bio-Exploration Unit, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - F. M. Madaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
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Lawal B, Shittu OK, Kabiru AY, Jigam AA, Umar MB, Berinyuy EB, Alozieuwa BU. Potential antimalarials from African natural products: A reviw. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:318-43. [PMID: 26649238 PMCID: PMC4665028 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150928102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains an overwhelming infectious disease with significant health challenges in African and other endemic countries globally. Resistance to antimalarial drugs has become one of the most momentous challenges to human health, and thus has necessitated the hunt for new and effective drugs. Consequently, few decades have witnessed a surfeit of research geared to validate the effectiveness of commonly used traditionally medicines against malaria fever. The present review work focuses on documenting natural products from African whose activity has been reported in vivo or in vitro against malaria parasite. Literature was collected using electronic search of published articles (Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Sciencedirect, and Science domain) that report on antiplasmodial activity of natural products from differernts Africa region. A total of 652 plant taxa from 146 families, 134 isolated antimalarial compounds from 39 plants species, 2 herbal formulations and 4 insect/products were found to be reported in literature from 1996 to 2015. Plants species from family Asteraceae (11.04%), Fababceae (8.128%), Euphorbiaceae (5.52%), Rubiaceas (5.52%), and Apocyanaceae (5.214%), have received more scientific validation than others. African natural products possess remarkable healing properties as revealed in the various citations as promising antimalarial agents. Some of these natural products from Africa demonstrate high, promising or low activities against Plasmodium parasite. This study also shows that natural products from Africa have a huge amount of novel antimalarial compounds that could serve as a leads for the development of new and effective antiplasmodial drugs. However, in a view of bridging the gap in knowledge, clinical validation of these natural products are of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Kudirat Shittu
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Yusuf Kabiru
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Ali Audu Jigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Maimuna Bello Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - Blessing Uchenna Alozieuwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
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Komlaga G, Agyare C, Dickson RA, Mensah MLK, Annan K, Loiseau PM, Champy P. Medicinal plants and finished marketed herbal products used in the treatment of malaria in the Ashanti region, Ghana. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:333-46. [PMID: 26151245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical survey was performed to document medicinal plants employed in the management of malaria in the Bosomtwe and Sekyere East Districts of the Ashanti Region (Ghana), in comparison with the plant ingredients in herbal antimalarial remedies registered by the Ghana Food and Drug Administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and three (203) herbalists from 33 communities within the two districts were interviewed on medicinal plants they use to manage malaria. A literature search was made to determine already documented plants. In addition, 23 finished marketed herbal products indicated for the management of malaria were identified and their labels examined to find out which of the plants mentioned in our survey were listed as ingredients and whether these products are in anyway regulated. RESULTS Ninety-eight (98) species of plants were cited for the management of malaria. In comparison with literature citations, 12 (12.2%) species were reported for the management of malaria for the first time and 20 (20.4%) others for the first time in Ghana. Twenty-three (23) finished marketed herbal antimalarial products examined contained aerial or underground parts of 29 of the plants cited in our survey as ingredients. Twenty-two (22) of these products have been registered by the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority, four (4) of which were included in the recommended herbal medicine list for treating malaria in Ghana. CONCLUSION This study provides new additions to the inventory of medicinal plants used for the management of malaria and reports the commercial availability and regulation of finished marketed labelled herbal products intended for the treatment of malaria in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Komlaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, France.
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Rita Akosua Dickson
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Merlin Lincoln Kwao Mensah
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Kofi Annan
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, France.
| | - Pierre Champy
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, France.
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In vivo antiplasmodial and in vitro antioxidant properties of stem bark extracts of Haematostaphis barteri. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Antiplasmodial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine of Iran for the Treatment of Fever. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2015; 14:103-7. [PMID: 26185511 PMCID: PMC4499432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is the most serious parasitic disease and one of the oldest recorded diseases in the world. Because of the resistance of malaria parasites to current drugs, it is necessary to discover new antiplasmodial drugs. Traditional medicine is one of the important sources of new antiplasmodial drugs. In this study, twenty methanolic extracts from different parts of sixteen medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of Iran for the treatment of "Nobeh fever" and/ or fever were screened for in-vivo antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei and cytotoxic effect on Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK). Eleven species (55%) were found to have antiplasmodial activity. Methanolic extract from Rosa damascena Mill. reduced parasitemia by 57.7% compared to untreated control mice at intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injection doses of 10 mg/Kg per day for 4 days. This is the first report that mentioned in-vivo antiplasmodial activity of Rosa damascena Mill.
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Ouattara LP, Sanon S, Mahiou-Leddet V, Gansané A, Baghdikian B, Traoré A, Nébié I, Traoré AS, Azas N, Ollivier E, Sirima SB. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of some medicinal plants of Burkina Faso. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:405-16. [PMID: 24318747 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major public health problem due to the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance. There is an urgent need to investigate new sources of antimalarial drugs which are more effective against Plasmodium falciparum. One of the potential sources of antimalarial drugs is traditional medicinal plants. In this work, we studied the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of chloromethylenic, methanolic, and MeOH/H2O (1/1) crude extracts and decoction obtained from eight medicinal plants collected in Burkina Faso and of total alkaloids for five plants. Extracts were evaluated in vitro for efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum strain K1, which is resistant to chloroquine, pyrimethamine and proguanil using the fluorescence-based SYBR Green I assay. The antiproliferative activity on human-derived hepatoma cell line HepG2 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was evaluated using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthyazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test in order to determine the selectivity index. Among the plant extracts tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity, 16 were considered to be inactive (with IC50 > 10 μg/ml), six showed a moderate activity (5 < IC50 ≤ 10 μg/ml), and six were found to have a good in vitro activity with IC50 value ≤ 5 μg/ml. The highest antiplasmodial activity was found for extracts from: the alkaloid leaf extract and the chloromethylenic extracts of Combretum fragrans (IC50 = 3 μg/ml, IC50 = 5 μg/ml), the total alkaloids and the chloromethylenic leaf extracts of Combretum collinum (IC50 = 4 μg/ml), the MeOH/H2O leaf extract of Terminalia avicennioides (IC50 = 3.5 μg/ml), and the alkaloid leaf extract of Pavetta crassipes (IC50 = 5 μg/ml). Three other extracts showed moderate antiplasmodial activity (5 < IC50 ≤ 10 μg/ml): Terminalia avicennioides and Combretum fragrans methanolic extracts and Acacia kirkii alkaloid leaf extract (IC50 = 6.5, 9 and 10 μg/ml respectively). The Terminalia avicennioides crude MeOH/H2O (80:20 v/v) extract of the leaves was submitted to a successive liquid/liquid extraction with ethylacetate and n-butanol respectively. The extracts were investigated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity and antioxidant properties using DPPH(·), ABTS(+) and FRAP methods. The ethylacetate extract showed the best antiplasmodial activity (7 μg/ml) and the active constituent was isolated as ellagic acid by bioguided fractionation with an IC50 = 0.2 μM on Plasmodium falciparum and SI = 152. Besides, Terminalia avicennioides leaf extract and ellagic acid showed a good antioxidant activity. Our finding confirms the importance of investigating the antimalarial activity of plant species used in traditional medicine. Overall, two plants belonging to the Combretaceae family, Combretum fragrans and Combretum collinum appeared to be the best candidates and will be further investigated for their antiplasmodial properties, in order to isolate the molecules responsible for the antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamoussa Paul Ouattara
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso, France,
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