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Mazwi KD, Kolo FB, Jaja IF, Byaruhanga C, Hassim A, van Heerden H. Polyphasic Characterization of Brucella spp. in Livestock Slaughtered from Abattoirs in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Microorganisms 2024; 12:223. [PMID: 38276208 PMCID: PMC10819803 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In livestock, brucellosis is mainly an asymptomatic disease except when abortion occurs; therefore, two serological tests are used for diagnosis as no single test is suitable. Abattoir samples enable a combination of culture, molecular, and serological tests to detect brucellosis. This study assessed Brucella-specific PCR (ITS-PCR) to detect brucellosis and to conduct a molecular characterization of Brucella spp. isolated from PCR-positive livestock (n = 565) slaughtered at abattoirs and the appropriate sample tissue(s). ITS-PCR detected Brucella DNA in 33.6% of cattle, 14.5% of sheep, and 4.7% of pig tissues. Impure Brucella cultures from PCR-positive tissues were 43.6% (44/94) of cattle, 51.7% (15/29) of sheep, and 50% (2/4) of pigs with predominantly B. abortus identification with AMOS-PCR and low isolation of mixed B. abortus and B. melitensis in all species. In cattle, 33% of isolates were from lymph nodes, while in sheep 38.0% were from the liver and kidney and only from tonsils in pigs (2/4). Brucella infections identified with AMOS-PCR were present in seropositive and mainly seronegative (75.6-100%) livestock with the potential to cause brucellosis during pregnancy or breeding. This study demonstrated the value of the polyphasic approach, especially with chronic infections and the potential risk of these asymptomatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koketso Desiree Mazwi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Francis Babaman Kolo
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Charles Byaruhanga
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- National Agricultural Research Organisation, Entebbe P.O. Box 259, Uganda
| | - Ayesha Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Marumo B, Hlokwe TM, Kayoka-Kabongo PN. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in North West Province, South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2023; 90:e1-e8. [PMID: 38197672 PMCID: PMC10784229 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v90i1.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis responsible for considerable economic losses in livestock and health-related burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in four districts of the North West province of South Africa (Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati, Ngaka Modiri Molema, Bojanala platinum and Dr Kenneth Kaunda districts). Seven hundred and seventy blood samples from farmed animals (n = 378) and abattoir-slaughtered animals (n = 392) were collected. In addition, milk samples (n = 22) were collected from lactating farmed cows. Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and milk ring test (MRT) were used to detect antibodies against Brucella species. The RBT showed a seroprevalence of 2% at 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.35-3.35), CFT confirmed an overall seroprevalence of 1.95% (95% CI: 1.14-3.12) for all four districts sampled. Although the seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be low, the possibility of undetected cases of the disease could not be ruled out. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed that brucellosis is endemic in the surveyed areas of the North West province of South Africa.Contribution: The outcome of this study will contribute to the National Brucellosis Project organised by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (2016-2026) to assist in the effective implementation of the disease control measures with a view to prevent further outbreaks in the country's cattle population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bontsi Marumo
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
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Shome R, Kilari S, Sahare A, Kalleshamurthy T, Shome BR, Skariah S, Hiremath J, Misri J, Rahman H. Characterization of humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by reduced doses of Brucella abortus S19 (calfhood) vaccine in cattle calves of India. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:124-133. [PMID: 37003120 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus S19 vaccine is a stable attenuated smooth strain, globally used as calfhood vaccine for the prevention of bovine brucellosis. Various agencies demonstrated different doses for vaccinating cattle and buffalo calves leading to ambiguity in selecting a suitable immune vaccine dose. The current study aimed at evaluating four graded doses of S19 vaccine to arrive at the dose which could produce comparable effectiveness as that of full dose prescribed by Indian Pharmacopeia among the Indian calves. Four vaccine doses of which the first dose consisted of full dose (40 × 109 CFU/dose) and the other three were 1/10th, 1/20th, 1/100th reduced doses along with control were tested. Each vaccine dose was administered to 13 cattle calves of 4-5 months of age maintained in separate groups. The blood samples were collected on 0 to 240 days post-vaccination (DPV) at the intervals of 0, 14, 28, 45, 60, 90, 150, 180 and 240 for assessment of vaccine-induced innate, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The sero-conversion of all vaccinated animals on DPV 45 and persistence of antibody till DPV 240 were noticed. No significant differences were observed in antibody response between animal groups that received full and 1/10th reduced doses. Innate and cell-mediated response by IL-6, TNF-α¸ IFN-γ, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts showed dose-dependent responses with no significant difference between full dose and 1/10th reduced doses. The results suggest a possible one log reduction of full dose without compromising immune responses to aid larger vaccination coverage for creating herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India.
| | - Sreenivasulu Kilari
- Intervet India Pvt. Ltd., MSD Animal Health, Brihanagar, Wagholi, Pune 412 207, India
| | - Amol Sahare
- Intervet India Pvt. Ltd., MSD Animal Health, Brihanagar, Wagholi, Pune 412 207, India
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Somy Skariah
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Habibar Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, Block-C, First Floor, NASC Complex, CG Centre, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India
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de Macedo GC, Herrera HM, de Oliveira Porfírio GE, Santos FM, de Assis WO, de Andrade GB, Nantes WAG, de Mendoza JH, Fernández-Llario P, de Oliveira CE. Brucellosis in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: threat to animal production and wildlife conservation. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2287-2297. [PMID: 36269553 PMCID: PMC9679109 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review was performed to gather knowledge about brucellosis in livestock and wildlife in the Brazilian Pantanal, a biome with a huge biodiversity and extensive livestock production. Following the preferred reporting items for narrative review guidelines and using the terms "Brucella" and "Pantanal," we explored the PubMed, SciELO, Jstor, Science Direct, and Scholar Google databases. Information on host species, diagnostic test, number of positive animals, and positivity rates were acquired. Articles dating from 1998 to 2022 registered 14 studies including cattle, dogs, and the following wildlife species: Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Sus scrofa, Tayassu peccari, Nasua nasua, Cerdocyon thous, Panthera onca, Dasypus novemcintus, Cabassous unicinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus, Priodontes maximus, Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. Brucella occurrence in cattle was demonstrated through the serological confirmatory test 2-mercaptoetanol. Molecular diagnosis detected Brucella abortus in dogs, smooth Brucella in O. beoarticus, and Brucella spp. in T. peccari. Cattle may have a pivotal importance in maintenance and spreading of Brucella spp. due to their high population density, environmental contamination from abortion of infected cows, and eventual excretion of B. abortus S19 strain from vaccinated heifers. The occurrence of Brucella spp. in O. bezoarticus and T. peccari represent a risk for wildlife conservation. These data indicate that Brucella spp. are enzootic in the Pantanal wetland, sustained by a reservoir system including domestic and wild mammals. Due to marked seasonality and large populations of wildlife species sharing same environments with livestock, brucellosis acquires great complexity in Pantanal and, therefore, must be analyzed considering both animal production and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Edith de Oliveira Porfírio
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martins Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil
| | - William Oliveira de Assis
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil
| | - Gisele Braziliano de Andrade
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil
| | - Wesley Arruda Gimenes Nantes
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Fernández-Llario
- Innovation in Management and Conservation of Ungulates (INGULADOS) 10002, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carina Elisei de Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil.
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Naveena T, Sarangi LN, Rana SK, Prasad A, Prabha TS, Jhansi D, Ponnanna NM, Sharma GK. Seroprevalence to common infectious abortifacient and infertility causing agents in the dairy herds of India. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2022; 23:189-195. [PMID: 36425611 PMCID: PMC9681985 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.42574.6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the prevalence of infectious agents in dairy farms forms the basis for formulating a suitable control strategy; especially in endemic situations. AIMS A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of six economically important bovine diseases, causing reproductive disorders including bovine abortion in organized dairy herds in India. METHODS A total of 1,075 animals (cattle and buffaloes) from 09 dairy farms were screened by ELISA tests. RESULTS Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) was the most prevalent (56.5%) disease followed by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) (45.4%). Prevalence of Q-fever (5.4%) and neosporosis (6.1%) were less on the farms. Although 16.3% of the samples turned positive for brucellosis, the contribution of calf-hood vaccination (B. abortus S19 vaccine) to the prevalence of antibodies cannot be ruled out. The overall prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis, known to cause sporadic abortions in dairy herds, was 34.1% in the 9 farms with a prevalence of less than 20% in 5 farms. Infection of multiple abortifacient (seroprevalence to more than two pathogens) was recorded in 56.8% of animals. A very strong association was observed between BVD and brucellosis (Odds ratio 14.2; P<0.001). Further, a positive association was also seen between seroprevalence of IBR and anaplasmosis, and neosporosis and Q fever (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Viral diseases were found to be more common in the dairy herds than bacterial and protozoan diseases. Increased susceptibility of IBR seropositive cows to other bacterial and viral infections was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Naveena
- MSc in Microbiology, Group of Animal Health, National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - L. N. Sarangi
- Group of Animal Health, National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - S. K. Rana
- Group of Animal Health, National Dairy Development Board, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - A. Prasad
- MVSc in Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Animal Health, National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - T. S. Prabha
- MSc in Biotechnology, Group of Animal Health, National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - D. Jhansi
- MTech in Biotechnology, Group of Animal Health, National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - N. M. Ponnanna
- Group of Animal Health, National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - G. K. Sharma
- MVSc in Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Animal Health, National Dairy Development Board, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
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Matle I, Ledwaba B, Madiba K, Makhado L, Jambwa K, Ntushelo N. Characterisation of Brucella species and biovars in South Africa between 2008 and 2018 using laboratory diagnostic data. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1245-1253. [PMID: 33974356 PMCID: PMC8294379 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and other animals. In the Republic of South Africa (RSA), animal brucellosis is widespread and the current available data on the prevalence of this disease rely solely on serological testing. The primary limitation of brucellosis serology is the lack of discriminatory powers to differentiate between Brucella species and biovars as well as the cross-reactivity observed with other Gram-negative bacteria. AIM The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective laboratory-based survey on Brucella species and biovars isolated from various animal species in SA between 2008 and 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS The isolation of Brucella species and biovar typing was performed using conventional microbiological techniques. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 963 strains of Brucella species were included in this study with a frequency of detection for B. abortus (n = 883; 91.6%) followed by B. melitensis (n = 42; 4.4%), B. ovis (n = 29; 3.0%) and B. canis (n = 9; 0.9%). Of the 883 strains of B. abortus, 90.1% were typed as B. abortus biovar-1 while 5.7% as B. abortus biovar-2, and 3.3% and 0.5% were B. abortus S19 and B. abortus RB51 vaccine strains, respectively. Among the 42 B. melitensis strains, 71.4% were reported as B. melitensis biovar-1 and 26.2% as B. melitensis biovar-3 while 2.4% was B. melitensis biovar-2. CONCLUSION A retrospective study, such as this one, provides useful information that can be critical in formulating policies and strategies for the control and eradication of brucellosis in animal populations in RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Betty Ledwaba
- Department of Veterinary Tropical DiseasesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Karabelo Madiba
- Biotechnology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Lavhelesani Makhado
- Bacteriology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Jambwa
- Bacteriology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Nombasa Ntushelo
- Biometry DivisionAgriculture Research CouncilStellenboschSouth Africa
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Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella abortus Isolates from Various Regions of South Africa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030570. [PMID: 33799545 PMCID: PMC7998772 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of whole genome sequences in public databases permits genome-wide comparative studies of various bacterial species. Whole genome sequence-single nucleotide polymorphisms (WGS-SNP) analysis has been used in recent studies and allows the discrimination of various Brucella species and strains. In the present study, 13 Brucella spp. strains from cattle of various locations in provinces of South Africa were typed and discriminated. WGS-SNP analysis indicated a maximum pairwise distance ranging from 4 to 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the South African Brucella abortus virulent field strains. Moreover, it was shown that the South African B. abortus strains grouped closely to B. abortus strains from Mozambique and Zimbabwe, as well as other Eurasian countries, such as Portugal and India. WGS-SNP analysis of South African B. abortus strains demonstrated that the same genotype circulated in one farm (Farm 1), whereas another farm (Farm 2) in the same province had two different genotypes. This indicated that brucellosis in South Africa spreads within the herd on some farms, whereas the introduction of infected animals is the mode of transmission on other farms. Three B. abortus vaccine S19 strains isolated from tissue and aborted material were identical, even though they originated from different herds and regions of South Africa. This might be due to the incorrect vaccination of animals older than the recommended age of 4-8 months or might be a problem associated with vaccine production.
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Madzingira O, Fasina FO, Kandiwa E, Musilika-Shilongo A, Chitate F, van Heerden H. A retrospective sero-epidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis on commercial and communal farming systems in Namibia from 2004 to 2018. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3099-3107. [PMID: 32577935 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cattle production is the major livestock production activity and the mainstay of Namibia's economy. Sustained beef exports are contingent on a sound sanitary environment where diseases such as brucellosis are under control. In this retrospective study, 49,718 bovine brucellosis testing results from 2004 to 2018 were analyzed to determine the proportion of sero-positive cattle and herds, and the spatial distribution of positive reactors from commercial and communal areas. In total, 244 positive reactors were identified based on the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and the Complement Fixation Test (CFT) in series, giving an overall proportion of infected animals of 0.49% (244/49,718; 95% CI, 0.43-0.56%) and an overall proportion of infected herds of 9.26% (78/842; 95% CI, 7.49-11.41%). There was a higher proportion of sero-positive communal herds (33.09%) and cattle (10.27%) than commercial herds (4.67%) and cattle (0.24%; p < 0.05). Annually, the proportion of positive reactors was 0-1.37% in the commercial area and 0-52.38% in the communal areas, with a clear decline in positive reactors in the communal areas. Within the commercial sector, the proportion of positive reactor dairy, beef, and export cattle was 0.19% (51/27,067; 95% CI, 0.14-0.25%), 0.30% (48/16,098; 95% CI, 0.22-0.40%), and 0.33% (16/4811; 95% CI, 0.20-0.54%), respectively. Abortions were found to be the major reason for Brucella testing in the communal areas. About 12.65% (96/759) of abortion-linked sera tested positive in the communal areas, but none were positive in beef or dairy cattle. Widespread vaccination of cattle and robust planned surveillance is recommended to reduce the incidence of the disease, its associated production losses and public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Madzingira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Windhoek, P. Bag 13301, Namibia.
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Folorunso Oludayo Fasina
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases-Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (ECTAD-FAO), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Erick Kandiwa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Windhoek, P. Bag 13301, Namibia
| | - Albertina Musilika-Shilongo
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, P. Bag 12022, Government Office Park, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Frank Chitate
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia, Windhoek, P. Bag 13301, Namibia
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
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Kolo FB, Adesiyun AA, Fasina FO, Katsande CT, Dogonyaro BB, Potts A, Matle I, Gelaw AK, van Heerden H. Seroprevalence and characterization of Brucella species in cattle slaughtered at Gauteng abattoirs, South Africa. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:545-555. [PMID: 31414558 PMCID: PMC6868451 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is an infectious and contagious zoonotic bacterial disease of both humans and animals. In developing countries where brucellosis is endemic, baseline data on the prevalence of brucellosis, using abattoir facilities, is important. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against Brucella in slaughter cattle at Gauteng province, South Africa and to characterize isolates of Brucella spp. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, un-clotted blood samples with corresponding organ tissue samples were collected from slaughtered cattle. Serological [Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA)], molecular (PCR) and bacteriological methods were used to detect Brucella antibodies and Brucella spp. from 200 slaughtered cattle in 14 abattoirs. RESULTS The RBT revealed a seroprevalence of brucellosis as 11.0% (22 of 200) and iELISA confirmed 5.5% (11 of 200). The estimated seroprevalence from RBT and iELISA was 5.5% while RBT and CFT was 2.0% (4 of 200). Brucella melitensis (n = 6) and B. abortus (n = 5) were isolated from 11 cattle tissues (5.5%) as confirmed to species level with AMOS PCR and differentiated from vaccine strains with Bruce-ladder PCR. Seven of the 11 isolates originated from seropositive cattle of which five were biotyped as B. abortus bv 1 (n = 2) and B. melitensis bv 2 (n = 1) and B. melitensis bv 3 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS This is the first documentation of B. melitensis in cattle in South Africa. The zoonotic risk of brucellosis posed by Brucella-infected slaughter cattle to abattoir workers and consumers of improperly cooked beef cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis B. Kolo
- Department of Veterinary Tropical DiseasesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal StudiesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Department of Basic Veterinary SciencesFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of the West IndiesSt. AugustineTrinidad and Tobago
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical DiseasesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Charles T. Katsande
- Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Banenat B. Dogonyaro
- Department of Veterinary Tropical DiseasesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Andrew Potts
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Itumeleng Matle
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Awoke K. Gelaw
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical DiseasesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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López-Santiago R, Sánchez-Argáez AB, De Alba-Núñez LG, Baltierra-Uribe SL, Moreno-Lafont MC. Immune Response to Mucosal Brucella Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1759. [PMID: 31481953 PMCID: PMC6710357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis of worldwide distribution. The disease is caused by Brucella spp., facultative intracellular pathogens. Brucellosis in animals results in abortion of fetuses, while in humans, it frequently manifests flu-like symptoms and a typical undulant fever, being osteoarthritis a common complication of the chronic infection. The two most common ways to acquire the infection in humans are through the ingestion of contaminated dairy products or by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Brucella spp. enter the body mainly through the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa; however, most studies of immune response to Brucella spp. are performed analyzing models of systemic immunity. It is necessary to better understand the mucosal immune response induced by Brucella infection since this is the main entry site for the bacterium. In this review, some virulence factors and the mechanisms needed for pathogen invasion and persistence are discussed. Furthermore, some aspects of local immune responses induced during Brucella infection will be reviewed. With this knowledge, better vaccines can be designed focused on inducing protective mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Santiago
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Beatriz Sánchez-Argáez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liliana Gabriela De Alba-Núñez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Cecilia Moreno-Lafont
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ndazigaruye G, Mushonga B, Kandiwa E, Samkange A, Segwagwe BE. Prevalence and risk factors for brucellosis seropositivity in cattle in Nyagatare District, Eastern Province, Rwanda. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2018; 89:e1-e8. [PMID: 30551701 PMCID: PMC6295791 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v89i0.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey involving 120 small-scale dairy farmers was carried out to assess risk factors associated with brucellosis in cattle from selected sectors of Nyagatare District, Rwanda. A sample of cattle from nine selected sectors of Nyagatare was tested for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal Test. Of the respondents, 57.5% were unaware of brucellosis as a disease, 85.8% did not screen new additions to the herd for brucellosis and 82.5% did not remove brucellosis seropositive animals from the herd. The prevalence of brucellosis in herds with cows with no history of abortion was 38.5% and 17.0% in those with a history of abortion. None of the respondents disinfected abortion sites or vaccinated against brucellosis. The prevalence of brucellosis in cows with a history of retained placenta was 36% and 2% in those with no history of retained placenta. Of the respondents, 62.5% reportedly fed foetal membranes to dogs. About 65.8% of the respondents with brucellosis-positive animals reported a calving interval longer than 1 year. Katabagemu (28.6%) had the highest prevalence of brucellosis seropositivity while Karama had none. Brucellosis in cows (21.4%) was significantly higher than that in heifers (12.8%) (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between heifers and bulls or between bulls and cows (p > 0.05). The occurrence of brucellosis in herds with 40-70 cattle (26.9%) was significantly greater than the 14.9% of herds with 10-39 cattle (p < 0.05). Seropositivity to brucellosis in cross-breed cattle (23.6%) was significantly greater than that in indigenous cattle (13.8%) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of brucellosis in cattle from different grazing systems (p > 0.05). Seropositivity to brucellosis was significantly different (p < 0.05) between the fourth parity (32.5%) and first parity (14.3%) cows. The findings in this study confirmed the existence of brucellosis as a problem in Nyagatare and the authors recommend that farmer education on the epidemiology, risk factors and mitigation of the disease be undertaken as a matter of urgency.
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