Climate change and health within the South African context: A thematic content analysis study of climate change and health expert interviews

South African Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare: A Mixed-Methods Study

Climate change, biodiversity loss and large-scale environmental degradation are widely recognized as the biggest health threats of the 21st century, with the African continent already amongst the most severely affected and vulnerable to their further progression. The healthcare system's contribution to climate change and environmental degradation requires healthcare professionals to address environmental issues urgently. However, the foundation for context-relevant interventions across research, practice, and education is not readily available. Therefore, we conducted a convergent mixed-methods study to investigate South African healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers to environmental sustainability. Healthcare professionals participated in a cross-sectional questionnaire (n = 100) and in-depth semi-structured focus group discussions (n = 18). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively, and integrated to provide holistic findings. Our results confirm overwhelmingly positive attitudes and a high degree of interest in education, implementation, and taking on more corresponding responsibility, but a lack of substantial knowledge of the subject matter, and only tentative implementation of practices. Identified barriers include a lack of knowledge, resources, and policies. Further research, education, and policy development on overcoming these barriers is required. This will facilitate harnessing the extant enthusiasm and advance environmental sustainability in South Africa's healthcare practice.

Climate change and mental health within the African context

Africa is ecologically sensitive, with vulnerable communities which are at particular risk of the associations and impacts of climate change. Serious climatic events can result in traumatic stress, developing into chronic psychopathological and psychiatric patterns. Nonetheless, there remains a lack of psychiatric studies on mental disorders associated with climate change within the African context. There is a need in Africa for robust complex adaptive integrated research concerning climate change impacts and associations on and with mental health and healthcare systems, policy and practice, so that relevant interventions may be implemented and strengthened.