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Özlü-Erkilic Z, Diehm R, Wenzel T, Bingöl Ҫağlayan RH, Güneş H, Üneri ÖŞ, Winter S, Akkaya-Kalayci T. Transcultural differences in suicide attempts among children and adolescents with and without migration background, a multicentre study: in Vienna, Berlin, Istanbul. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1671-1683. [PMID: 34050830 PMCID: PMC9666344 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While suicide can occur throughout the lifespan, worldwide suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people aged between 15 and 29 years. The aim of this multicentre study, conducted in Austria, Germany and Turkey, is to investigate the transcultural differences of suicide attempts among children and adolescents with and without migration background. The present study is a retrospective analyses of the records of 247 young people, who were admitted after a suicide attempt to Emergency Outpatient Clinics of Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the collaborating Universities including Medical University of Vienna, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine and Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health in Istanbul over a 3-year period. The results of the present study show significant transcultural differences between minors with and without migration background in regard to triggering reasons, method of suicide attempts and psychiatric diagnosis. The trigger event "intra-familial conflicts" and the use of "low-risk methods" for their suicide attempt were more frequent among patients with migration background. Moreover among native parents living in Vienna and Berlin divorce of parents were more frequent compared to parents living in Istanbul and migrants in Vienna. These results can be partly explained by cultural differences between migrants and host society. Also disadvantages in socio-economic situations of migrants and their poorer access to the healthcare system can mostly lead to acute and delayed treatments. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to understand better the impact of migration on the suicidal behaviour of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Özlü-Erkilic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Diehm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Hülya Bingöl Ҫağlayan
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Kocamustafapasa Cd. No: 53, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Güneş
- Department of Psychology, İstanbul Gelisim University, Cihangir Mahallesi Şehit Jandarma Komando Er Hakan Oner Sk. No:1, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Disorders, Zuhuratbaba Mah. Dr Tevfik Sağlam Cad. No:25/2, Bakirköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özden Şükran Üneri
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Ankara City Hospital, AYBÜ Ankara Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Hastanesi 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibylle Winter
- Departement of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Augustenbruger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Türkan Akkaya-Kalayci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Postgraduate University Program Transcultural Medicine and Diversity Care, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Onoya ED, Makwakwa NL, Motloba DP. Temporal variation in suicide in peri-urban Pretoria. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2021; 63:e1-e7. [PMID: 34082560 PMCID: PMC8377945 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v63i1.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a public health problem, and the third major cause of death in Indian, black and mixed race groups. In whites suicide is the second cause of death. The patterns of suicide vary by time of day, day of the week, month of the year and seasons. As a result of limited and inaccurate data, these variations have not been fully examined in the developing world. This study investigated the diurnality and seasonality of suicide in peri-urban Pretoria, as opposed to studies conducted previously in the country’s metropolitan. Methods A retrospective analysis of suicides recorded between 2007 and 2019 was undertaken. Data were extracted from the forensic pathology department’s database (university mortuary). Results Of the 1515 cases of suicides examined, majority were black Africans (95.9%), male (83.9%), aged 21–40 years (50.5%). Hanging was the most common method of suicide irrespective of demographics (72.8%). Diurnal suicide variations were distinct for men and women, occurring at (16:00–20:00) and (08:00–12:00), respectively. Suicide peaked on days preceding and after the weekend (Mondays and Fridays) and in warmer seasons (summer and spring) Conclusion The overall patterns of suicide in peri-urban Pretoria, mimic local and global trends with regard to methods, demographics and temporal characteristics. The underlying mechanism for these trends is unclear requiring in-depth investigation in order to develop appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Onoya
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria.
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Pieterse D, Hoare J, Louw KA, Breet E, Henry M, Lewis I, Bantjes J. Methods of deliberate self-harm in a tertiary hospital in South Africa. S Afr J Psychiatr 2020; 26:1399. [PMID: 32391183 PMCID: PMC7203532 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the methods of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in South Africa (SA), despite the importance of means restriction as a public health strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with self-harm. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the range of methods used in DSH and identify the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with violent and non-violent methods of DSH among patients treated at a tertiary hospital in SA. Setting The study was conducted at an urban, tertiary level emergency department at Groote Schuur hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Method Data were collected from 238 consecutive DSH patients who presented for emergency department treatment at the hospital. Logistic regression models were used to explore the factors associated with violent and non-violent methods of DSH. Results Self-poisoning was the most common method of self-harm (80.3%). Prescription medication was the most common form of self-poison (57.6%), while a large number of patients used non-prescription paracetamol (40.9%). In the regression analysis, male gender, stating that the reason for DSH was to escape a situation and history of substance use were associated with violent method of DSH. Conclusion Improved monitoring of prescription medications commonly used in DSH is integral to public health suicide prevention strategies in SA. This study underscores the need for substance use interventions in the healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Pieterse
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Hoare
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kerry-Ann Louw
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elsie Breet
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Henry
- Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ian Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Phiri A, Mukuku D. Does unemployment aggravate suicide rates in South Africa? Some empirical evidence. REVIEW OF SOCIAL ECONOMY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2019.1630667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Phiri
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economic Studies, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Doreen Mukuku
- Department of Economics, Finance and Business Studies, CTI Potchefstroom Campus, North West, South Africa
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Osafo J, Akotia CS, Quarshie ENB, Andoh-Arthur J, Boakye KE. Community leaders' attitudes towards and perceptions of suicide and suicide prevention in Ghana. Transcult Psychiatry 2019; 56:529-551. [PMID: 30907246 DOI: 10.1177/1363461518824434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Community leaders can play an important role in suicide prevention because they are potential gatekeepers in resource-poor settings. To investigate their attitudes towards suicide and the role they play when people are in suicidal crisis, 10 community leaders were interviewed in a rural community in Ghana. Thematic Analysis of the interviews showed that leaders held two conflicting views about suicide: health crisis and moral taboo. They also viewed the reasons for suicide as psychosocial strains more than psychiatric factors. Though they viewed suicide as a moral taboo, they maintained a more neutral position in their gatekeeping role: providing support for persons in suicidal crisis more often than exerting a condemnatory attitude. Implications for gatekeeper training are discussed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND During the late nineteenth century, a considerable number of young Punjabi men sought their fortunes in the Australian colonies, working as hawkers and farm labor. While in Australia they experienced marginalization and high levels of racial vilification by the Anglo-Celtic settler community. AIMS To assess the frequency and nature of suicides of Punjabi workers in nineteenth century Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The paper draws on archival sources and contemporary newspaper reports. RESULTS A wide range of methods of suicides were observed, with drowning the preferred method. CONCLUSIONS This article is the first to collate the data on the suicides and suicide attempts by young Punjabi men working in an immigration country. It can be shown that the suicide rate among Punjabi was almost six times higher than that of the host community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H. R. Spennemann
- Institute for Land, Water and Society – Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia
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Akkaya-Kalayci T, Kapusta ND, Winkler D, Kothgassner OD, Popow C, Özlü-Erkilic Z. Triggers for attempted suicide in Istanbul youth, with special reference to their socio-demographic background. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018; 22:95-100. [PMID: 28899223 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1376100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal behavior of young people is a topic of utmost importance because suicide is irreversible, and should be prevented. Knowing about the psychosocial background and the triggering events could help in preventing suicidal behavior. We therefore aimed at identifying psychosocial factors that may trigger suicidal behavior in youth. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively the standardized records of 2232 youths aged ≤25 years, who were treated after a suicide attempt at emergency units of public hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey during a period of 1 year. We describe this population according to sex and socio-economic conditions, like educational, occupational, relationship status and link them with their reported reasons for suicide attempts. RESULTS The majority of patients were female (81.6%, N = 1822 females, 18.4%, N = 410 males). Independent of their educational and occupational background, patients indicated most frequently intra-familial problems (females 45.8%, males 30.5%), intrapersonal problems (females 19.9%, males 18.5%), and relationship problems (females 11.3%, males 23.9%) as triggering reasons. CONCLUSIONS Because intra-familial problems were the most frequently reported triggers of suicide attempts, preventive measures should focus on handling intra-familial conflicts. As sex differences were observed for the second-most common trigger-reasons, prevention should also focus on differentially handling intrapersonal and relationship conflicts better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkan Akkaya-Kalayci
- a Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration-Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Nestor D Kapusta
- b Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Dietmar Winkler
- c Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Oswald D Kothgassner
- d Division of Clinical Psychology , Medical Directorate of the Vienna General Hospital - Medical University Campus , Vienna , Austria.,e Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Christian Popow
- e Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Zeliha Özlü-Erkilic
- a Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration-Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Elevated Risk of Suicidal Ideation in HIV-Positive Persons. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015; 2015:609172. [PMID: 26491561 PMCID: PMC4603315 DOI: 10.1155/2015/609172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Globally, suicide and HIV/AIDS remain two of the greatest healthcare issues, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Several studies have observed a relationship between suicidal behaviour and HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of elevated risk of suicidal ideation in HIV-positive persons immediately following voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT). The study sample consisted of adult volunteers attending the VCT clinic at a university-affiliated, general state hospital. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, Beck's Hopeless Scale, and Beck's Depression Inventory. Results. A significantly elevated risk of suicidal ideation was found in 83.1% of the patients who tested seropositive. Despite a wide age range in the cohort studied, the majority of patients with suicidal ideation were males in the younger age group (age < 30 years), consistent with the age-related spread of the disease and an increase in suicidal behaviour in younger people. Relevant associated variables are discussed. Conclusion. The results serve as important markers that could alert healthcare professionals to underlying suicide risks in HIV-positive patients. It is recommended that screening for elevated risk of suicidal ideation and prevention of suicidal behaviour should form a routine aspect of comprehensive patient care at VCT clinics.
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