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García-Marín LM, Campos AI, Martin NG, Cuéllar-Partida G, Rentería ME. Inference of causal relationships between sleep-related traits and 1,527 phenotypes using genetic data. Sleep 2021; 44:5893494. [PMID: 32805044 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Sleep is essential for both physical and mental health, and there is a growing interest in understanding how different factors shape individual variation in sleep duration, quality and patterns, or confer risk for sleep disorders. The present study aimed to identify novel inferred causal relationships between sleep-related traits and other phenotypes, using a genetics-driven hypothesis-free approach not requiring longitudinal data. METHODS We used summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies and the latent causal variable (LCV) method to screen the phenome and infer causal relationships between seven sleep-related traits (insomnia, daytime dozing, easiness of getting up in the morning, snoring, sleep duration, napping, and morningness) and 1,527 other phenotypes. RESULTS We identify 84 inferred causal relationships. Among other findings, connective tissue disorders increase insomnia risk and reduce sleep duration; depression-related traits increase insomnia and daytime dozing; insomnia, napping, and snoring are affected by obesity and cardiometabolic traits and diseases; and working with asbestos, thinner, or glues may increase insomnia risk, possibly through an increased risk of respiratory disease or socio-economic related factors. CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicate that changes in sleep variables are predominantly the consequence, rather than the cause, of other underlying phenotypes and diseases. These insights could inform the design of future epidemiological and interventional studies in sleep medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M García-Marín
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrián I Campos
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriel Cuéllar-Partida
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Moitra S, Farshchi Tabrizi A, Idrissi Machichi K, Kamravaei S, Miandashti N, Henderson L, Mukherjee M, Khadour F, Naseem MT, Lacy P, Melenka L. Non-Malignant Respiratory Illnesses in Association with Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and Other Insulating Materials: Findings from the Alberta Insulator Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197085. [PMID: 32998195 PMCID: PMC7579178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many insulating materials are used in construction, although few have been reported to cause non-malignant respiratory illnesses. We aimed to investigate associations between exposures to insulating materials and non-malignant respiratory illnesses in insulators. In this cross-sectional study, 990 insulators (45 ± 14 years) were screened from 2011-2017 in Alberta. All participants underwent pulmonary function tests and chest radiography. Demographics, work history, and history of chest infections were obtained through questionnaires. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was diagnosed according to established guidelines. Associations between exposures and respiratory illnesses were assessed by modified Poisson regression. Of those screened, 875 (88%) were males. 457 (46%) participants reported having ≥ 1 chest infection in the past 3 years, while 156 (16%) were diagnosed with COPD. In multivariate models, all materials (asbestos, calcium silicate, carbon fibers, fiberglass, and refractory ceramic fibers) except aerogels and mineral fibers were associated with recurrent chest infections (prevalence ratio [PR] range: 1.18-1.42). Only asbestos was associated with COPD (PR: 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.05). Therefore, occupational exposure to insulating materials was associated with non-malignant respiratory illnesses, specifically, recurrent chest infections and COPD. Longitudinal studies are urgently needed to assess the risk of exposure to these newly implemented insulation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Moitra
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.M.); (A.F.T.); (K.I.M.); (S.K.); (N.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Ali Farshchi Tabrizi
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.M.); (A.F.T.); (K.I.M.); (S.K.); (N.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Kawtar Idrissi Machichi
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.M.); (A.F.T.); (K.I.M.); (S.K.); (N.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Samineh Kamravaei
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.M.); (A.F.T.); (K.I.M.); (S.K.); (N.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Noushin Miandashti
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.M.); (A.F.T.); (K.I.M.); (S.K.); (N.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Linda Henderson
- Synergy Respiratory & Cardiac Care, Sherwood Park, AB T8H 0N2, Canada; (L.H.); (F.K.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Manali Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada;
| | - Fadi Khadour
- Synergy Respiratory & Cardiac Care, Sherwood Park, AB T8H 0N2, Canada; (L.H.); (F.K.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Muhammad T. Naseem
- Synergy Respiratory & Cardiac Care, Sherwood Park, AB T8H 0N2, Canada; (L.H.); (F.K.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Paige Lacy
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.M.); (A.F.T.); (K.I.M.); (S.K.); (N.M.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6085
| | - Lyle Melenka
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.M.); (A.F.T.); (K.I.M.); (S.K.); (N.M.); (L.M.)
- Synergy Respiratory & Cardiac Care, Sherwood Park, AB T8H 0N2, Canada; (L.H.); (F.K.); (M.T.N.)
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Olaru ID, Van Den Broucke S, Rosser AJ, Salzer HJF, Woltmann G, Bottieau E, Lange C. Pulmonary Diseases in Refugees and Migrants in Europe. Respiration 2018; 95:273-286. [PMID: 29414830 DOI: 10.1159/000486451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 2 million people fleeing conflict, persecution, and poverty applied for asylum between 2015 and 2016 in the European Union. Due to this, medical practitioners in recipient countries may be facing a broader spectrum of conditions and unusual presentations not previously encountered, including a wide range of infections with pulmonary involvement. Tuberculosis is known to be more common in migrants and has been covered broadly in other publications. The scope of this review was to provide an overview of exotic infections with pulmonary involvement that could be encountered in refugees and migrants and to briefly describe their epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. As refugees and migrants travel from numerous countries and continents, it is important to be aware of the various organisms that might cause disease according to the country of origin. Some of these diseases are very rare and geographically restricted to certain regions, while others have a more cosmopolitan distribution. Also, the spectrum of severity of these infections can vary from very benign to severe and even life-threatening. We will also describe infectious and noninfectious complications that can be associated with HIV infection as some migrants might originate from high HIV prevalence countries in sub-Saharan Africa. As the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases can be challenging in certain situations, patients with suspected infection might require referral to specialized centers with experience in their management. Additionally, a brief description of noncommunicable pulmonary diseases will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana D Olaru
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew J Rosser
- Department of Infection, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut J F Salzer
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Gerrit Woltmann
- Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Bottieau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,International Health/Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Xue C, Wu N, Li X, Qiu M, Du X, Ye Q. Serum concentrations of Krebs von den Lungen-6, surfactant protein D, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 as diagnostic biomarkers in patients with asbestosis and silicosis: a case-control study. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:144. [PMID: 29149883 PMCID: PMC5693552 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestosis and silicosis are progressive pneumoconioses characterized by interstitial fibrosis following exposure to asbestos or silica dust. We evaluated the potential diagnostic biomarkers for these diseases. METHODS The serum concentrations of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), surfactant protein D (SP-D), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-7, and MMP-9 were measured in 43 patients with asbestosis, 45 patients with silicosis, 40 dust-exposed workers (DEWs) without pneumoconiosis, and 45 healthy controls (HCs). Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images were reviewed by experts blinded to the clinical data. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the ideal level of each biomarker and its diagnostic sensitivity were obtained. RESULTS The serum KL-6 and MMP-2 concentrations were highest in patients with asbestosis, particularly in comparison with those in DEWs and HCs (P<0.05). The serum SP-D concentration was significantly higher in patients with asbestosis than in patients with silicosis, DEWs, and HCs (P<0.01), whereas no significant difference was noted among patients with silicosis, DEWs, and HCs. No significant difference in the serum MMP-7 or -9 concentration was found among patients with asbestosis, patients with silicosis, DEWs, or HCs. Among patients with asbestosis, the serum KL-6 concentration was significantly correlated with the lung fibrosis scores on HRCT and negatively correlated with the forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) % predicted. The serum SP-D and MMP-2 concentrations were negatively correlated with the DLCO % predicted (all P<0.05). The order of diagnostic accuracy according to the ROC curve was KL-6, SP-D, and MMP-2 in patients with asbestosis alone and in the combination of both patients with asbestosis and those with silicosis. The combination of all three biomarkers may increase the possibility of diagnosing asbestosis (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 57%) and both asbestosis and silicosis (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 62%). CONCLUSIONS KL-6, SP-D, and MMP-2 are available biomarkers for the adjuvant diagnosis of asbestosis and silicosis. The combination of all three biomarkers may improve the diagnostic sensitivity for asbestosis and silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Xue
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Meihua Qiu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xuqin Du
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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