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The Chemo- and Regioselectivity of the Cyclization of Thiosemicarbazides with Haloacetic Acids and their Derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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De S, Kumar S K A, Shah SK, Kazi S, Sarkar N, Banerjee S, Dey S. Pyridine: the scaffolds with significant clinical diversity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15385-15406. [PMID: 35693235 PMCID: PMC9121228 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01571d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen-bearing heterocycle pyridine in its several analogous forms occupies an important position as a precious source of clinically useful agents in the field of medicinal chemistry research. This privileged scaffold has been consistently incorporated in a diverse range of drug candidates approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). This moiety has attracted increasing attention from several disease states owing to its ease of parallelization and testing potential pertaining to the chemical space. In the next few years, a larger share of novel pyridine-based drug candidates is expected. This review unifies the current advances in novel pyridine-based molecular frameworks and their unique clinical relevance as reported over the last two decades. It highlights an inclination to the use of pyridine-based molecules in drug crafting and the subsequent emergence of several potent and eligible candidates against a range of diversified diseases. The nitrogen-bearing heterocycle pyridine in its several analogous forms occupies an important position as a precious source of clinically useful agents in the field of medicinal chemistry research.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav De
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashok Kumar S K
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore-632014, India
| | - Suraj Kumar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabnaz Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Nandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India
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Magdy R, Hemdan A, Fares NV, Farouk M. Determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin mixture by different spectrophotometric methods with or without regression equations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 210:203-211. [PMID: 30453196 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four new, simple, and reproducible spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine (AML) and Atorvastatin (AT) in bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form. The four methods include two progressive and two successive resolution techniques. The two progressive methods are Absorbance Subtraction (AS) and Amplitude Modulation (AM), while the two successive methods are Constant Value (CV) and Concentration Value. In the Concentration Value method, the concentration of the drugs is determined from the graphical representation without the use of regression equations. Linearity range for the two progressive methods was from 5 μg/mL-35 μg/mL while for the two successive methods was from 5 μg/mL-55 μg/mL. The four methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and were found to be accurate, precise, and selective. The methods were also applied for determination of the mixture in the marketed pharmaceutical dosage form. Results obtained were compared with reported methods. Also, One-way ANOVA statistical test was done between all the proposed spectrophotometric methods where no significant differences were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt.
| | - A Hemdan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt
| | - N V Fares
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kokilambigai KS, Seetharaman R, Lakshmi KS. Critical Review on the Analytical Techniques for the Determination of the Oldest Statin—Atorvastatin—in Bulk, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1342529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Kokilambigai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Seetharaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. S. Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Panahi HA, Chabouk M, Ejlali M. Hollow-fiber-supported liquid membrane microextraction of amlodipine and atorvastatin. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2018-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Homayon Ahmad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry; Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Monireh Chabouk
- Department of Chemistry; Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Ejlali
- Department of Chemistry; Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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El-Kosasy AM, Tawakkol SM, Ayad MF, Sheta AI. A Novel Potentiometric Detection Strategy for the Determination of Amlodipine Besylate Based on Functionalized Particles. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Crevar-Sakač M, Vujić Z, Brborić J, Kuntić V, Uskoković-Marković S. An improved HPLC method with the aid of a chemometric protocol: simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and its metabolites in plasma. Molecules 2013; 18:2469-82. [PMID: 23439563 PMCID: PMC6270013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize a chromatographic method for the analysis of atorvastatin (acid and lactone forms), ortho- and para-hydroxyatorvastatin by using an experimental design approach. Optimization experiments were conducted through a process of screening and optimization. The purpose of a screening design is to identify the factors that have significant effects on the selected chromatographic responses, and for this purpose a full 23 factorial design was used. The location of the true optimum was established by applying Derringer’s desirability function, which provides simultaneously optimization of all seven responses. The ranges of the independent variables used for the optimization were content of acetonitrile in mobile phase (60–70%), temperature of column (30–40 °C) and flow rate (0.8–1.2 mL min−1). The influences of these independent variables were evaluated for the output responses: retention time of first peak (p-hydroxyatorvastatin) and of last peak (atorvastatin, lactone form), symmetries of all four peaks and relative retention time of p-hydroxyatorvastatin. The primary goal of this investigation was establishing a new simple and sensitive method that could be used in analysis of biological samples. The method was validated and successfully applied for determination of atorvastatin (acid and lactone forms) and its metabolites in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkica Crevar-Sakač
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Zorica Vujić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Brborić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Vesna Kuntić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Snežana Uskoković-Marković
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +381-11-395-1238; Fax: +381-11-297-2840
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Wani TA, Ahmad A, Zargar S, Khalil NY, Darwish IA. Use of response surface methodology for development of new microwell-based spectrophotometric method for determination of atrovastatin calcium in tablets. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:134. [PMID: 23146143 PMCID: PMC3505740 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Response surface methodology by Box-Behnken design employing the multivariate approach enables substantial improvement in the method development using fewer experiments, without wastage of large volumes of organic solvents, which leads to high analysis cost. This methodology has not been employed for development of a method for analysis of atorvastatin calcium (ATR-Ca). RESULTS The present research study describes the use of in optimization and validation of a new microwell-based UV-Visible spectrophotometric method of for determination of ATR-Ca in its tablets. By the use of quadratic regression analysis, equations were developed to describe the behavior of the response as simultaneous functions of the selected independent variables. Accordingly, the optimum conditions were determined which included concentration of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), time of reaction and temperature. The absorbance of the colored-CT complex was measured at 460 nm by microwell-plate absorbance reader. The method was validated, in accordance with ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, selectivity and linearity (r² = 0.9993) over the concentration range of 20-200 μg/ml. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of ATR-Ca in its pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy and precision. CONCLUSION The assay described herein has great practical value in the routine analysis of ATR-Ca in quality control laboratories, as it has high throughput property, consumes minimum volume of organic solvent thus it offers the reduction in the exposures of the analysts to the toxic effects of organic solvents, environmentally friendly "Green" approach) and reduction in the analysis cost by 50-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P,O, Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Darwish HW, Hassan SA, Salem MY, El-Zeiny BA. Three different spectrophotometric methods manipulating ratio spectra for determination of binary mixture of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 83:140-148. [PMID: 21908232 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods manipulating ratio spectra are developed for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine besylate (AM) and Atorvastatin calcium (AT) in tablet dosage forms. The first method is first derivative of the ratio spectra ((1)DD), the second is ratio subtraction and the third is the method of mean centering of ratio spectra. The calibration curve is linear over the concentration range of 3-40 and 8-32 μg/ml for AM and AT, respectively. These methods are tested by analyzing synthetic mixtures of the above drugs and they are applied to commercial pharmaceutical preparation of the subjected drugs. Standard deviation is <1.5 in the assay of raw materials and tablets. Methods are validated as per ICH guidelines and accuracy, precision, repeatability and robustness are found to be within the acceptable limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W Darwish
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wani TA, Khalil NY, Abdel-Rahman HM, Darwish IA. Novel microwell-based spectrophotometric assay for determination of atorvastatin calcium in its pharmaceutical formulations. Chem Cent J 2011; 5:57. [PMID: 21982201 PMCID: PMC3212923 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-5-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a colored charge-transfer (CT) complex between atorvastatin calcium (ATR-Ca) as a n-electron donor and 2, 3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as a π-electron acceptor was investigated, for the first time. The spectral characteristics of the CT complex have been described, and the reaction mechanism has been proved by computational molecular modeling. The reaction was employed in the development of a novel microwell-based spectrophotometric assay for determination of ATR-Ca in its pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed assay was carried out in 96-microwell plates. The absorbance of the colored-CT complex was measured at 460 nm by microwell-plate absorbance reader. The optimum conditions of the reaction and the analytical procedures of the assay were established. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (0.9995) was found between the absorbance and the concentration of ATR-Ca in the range of 10-150 μg/well. The limits of detection and quantitation were 5.3 and 15.8 μg/well, respectively. No interference was observed from the additives that are present in the pharmaceutical formulation or from the drugs that are co-formulated with ATR-Ca in its combined formulations. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of ATR-Ca in its pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy and precision. The assay described herein has great practical value in the routine analysis of ATR-Ca in quality control laboratories, as it has high throughput property, consumes minimum volume of organic solvent thus it offers the reduction in the exposures of the analysts to the toxic effects of organic solvents, and reduction in the analysis cost by 50-fold. Although the proposed assay was validated for ATR-Ca, however, the same methodology could be used for any electron-donating analyte for which a CT reaction can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P,O, Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Güzeldemirci NU, Ilhan E, Küçükbasmaci O, Satana D. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 3-alkyl/aryl-2-[((alpha,alpha-diphenyl-alpha-hydroxy)acetyl)hydrazono]-5-methyl-4-thiazolidinones. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:17-24. [PMID: 20191340 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-2221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New 4-thiazolidinone derivatives of benzilic acid (alpha,alpha-diphenyl-alpha-hydroxyacetic acid) have been synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The reaction of 1- (alpha,alpha-diphenyl-alpha-hydroxy)acetyl-4-alkyl/arylthiosemicarbazides with ethyl 2-bromopropionate gave 3-alkyl/aryl-2-[((alpha,alpha-diphenyl-alpha-hydroxy)acetyl)hydrazono]-5-methyl-4-thiazolidinone derivatives. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated against S. aureus ATCC 29213, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922, C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, C. krusei ATCC 6258, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei NCPF 375, M. gypseum NCPF 580 and T. tonsurans NCPF 245. 3e, 3f, 3g and 3h showed the highest antibacterial activity. Particularly 3a and 3e showed the highest antifungal activities against C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, T. tonsurans NCPF 245 and M. gypseum NCPF 580.
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