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Akbari E, Milani A, Seyedinkhorasani M, Bolhassani A. HPV co-infections with other pathogens in cancer development: A comprehensive review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29236. [PMID: 37997472 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) cause various malignancies in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. About 70% of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers are caused by HPV types 16 and 18. Notably, some viruses including herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human immunodeficiency virus along with various bacteria often interact with HPV, potentially impacting its replication, persistence, and cancer progression. Thus, HPV infection can be significantly influenced by co-infecting agents that influence infection dynamics and disease progression. Bacterial co-infections (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis) along with bacterial vaginosis-related species also interact with HPV in genital tract leading to viral persistence and disease outcomes. Co-infections involving HPV and diverse infectious agents have significant implications for disease transmission and clinical progression. This review explores multiple facets of HPV infection encompassing the co-infection dynamics with other pathogens, interaction with the human microbiome, and its role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Akbari
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Jagirdhar GSK, Pulakurthi YS, Chigurupati HD, Surani S. Gastrointestinal tract and viral pathogens. World J Virol 2023; 12:136-150. [PMID: 37396706 PMCID: PMC10311582 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i3.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral gastroenteritis is the most common viral illness that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, causing inflammation and irritation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. Common signs and symptoms associated with this condition include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dehydration. The infections commonly involved in viral gastroenteritis are rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus, which spread through the fecal-oral and contact routes and cause non-bloody diarrhea. These infections can affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Since the pandemic in 2019, coronavirus gastroenteritis has increased in incidence and prevalence. Morbidity and mortality rates from viral gastroenteritis have declined significantly over the years due to early recognition, treatment with oral rehydration salts, and prompt vaccination. Improved sanitation measures have also played a key role in reducing the transmission of infection. In addition to viral hepatitis causing liver disease, herpes virus, and cytomegalovirus are responsible for ulcerative GI disease. They are associated with bloody diarrhea and commonly occur in im-munocompromised individuals. Hepatitis viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, herpesvirus 8, and human papillomavirus have been involved in benign and malignant diseases. This mini review aims to list different viruses affecting the GI tract. It will cover common symptoms aiding in diagnosis and various important aspects of each viral infection that can aid diagnosis and management. This will help primary care physicians and hospitalists diagnose and treat patients more easily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Salim Surani
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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Bakir A, Alacam S, Karabulut N, Beka H, Ozluk Y, Yilmazbayhan D, Agacfidan A. Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution in Cervical Samples. J Cytol 2021; 38:44-49. [PMID: 33935391 PMCID: PMC8078615 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_19_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most common sexually transmitted infection in the world is human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for 60–80% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions worldwide. Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the correlation of HPV genotype distribution with cervical cytology results in cervical smear samples and to contribute to HPV epidemiology. Materials and Methods: This study included 72 female patients. For detection of the HPV genotypes, a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that could detect more than 25 different HPV types was used. The cervical cytology and histopathology results of the patients were also evaluated simultaneously. Results: The frequency of high-risk HPV was 35% (25/72). The most common types were HPV51 (10%), HPV16 (8%), and HPV66 (8%), respectively. The most common type HPV51 and multiple HPV types were seen in 21–34 age groups. HPV DNA was detected in 21 of 43 samples that had cervical smear diagnosis grouping. Twelve samples (26%) had normal cytology. Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were the most common cytological diagnosis in HPV DNA positive samples. The most common HPV types in the patients diagnosed low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were HPV16 and HPV52. Conclusions: In this study, the frequency of high-risk HPV genotypes was 35% as similar to reports of the other studies conducted in our country. The most common types were HPV51, HPV16, and HPV66, respectively. The follow-up of patients with HPV51 infection in our area could help to improve the natural course of the disease and effective prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Bakir
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Fundamental Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Alacam
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Fundamental Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuran Karabulut
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Fundamental Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayati Beka
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Fundamental Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozluk
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yilmazbayhan
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Agacfidan
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Virology and Fundamental Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fernández-Ruiz M, Pantoja-Garrido M, Frías-Sánchez Z, Rodríguez-Jiménez I, Aguilar-Martín MDV. Epidermoid carcinoma in the neovagina of a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Case report and literature review. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGIA 2019; 70:266-276. [PMID: 32142241 DOI: 10.18597/rcog.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective To present the case of a squamous carcinoma in the neovagina of a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and review of the literature related to treatment and prognosis of vaginal neoplasms or HPV infection in transgender women or with MRKH syndrome. Materials and methods A 56-year-old woman consulted to the Hospital Universitario of Sevilla (Spain). During the clinical examination, a exophytic tumor at the bottom of the vagina was found and the biopsy reported squamous carcinoma and positive nucleic acid amplification test for human papilloma (HPV) type 16. A literature search of case reports, case series and observational studies published from 2000 to October 2019 in English and Spanish was performed in Medline via PubMed, with the follow- ing terms: "congenital abnormalities"; "Mullerian aplasia"; "neovagina"; "Vaginal neoplasms"; "Squamous carcinoma"; "HPV infection" was performed. Results 14 studies were finally included; seven corresponded to squamous cell carcinoma, three to adenocarcinoma and four reported HPV infection only. All of the squamous cell carcinomas were at advanced stages due to local or lymphatic compro- mise and received radiotherapy with concomitant chemotherapy or radical surgery. The prognosis was bad in three of the cases. Patients with adenocarcinoma also presented with advanced lesions due to local extensión and received surgical treatment and two cases received concomitant chemotherapy. Only one patient was followed-up for five years or more. HPV infection is common in women who underwent neovagina reconstruction. Conclusions Patients with neovagina are susceptible to develope squamous carcinomas or adenocarcinomas depending if skin or intestinal tissue grafts are used. According to local compromise at the time of diagnosis, radical or combined treatments are required. Which screening strategies for HPV, squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinoma is to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Ruiz
- Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital general Santa María del Puerto (Cádiz), España
| | - Manuel Pantoja-Garrido
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena de Sevilla (España)
| | - Zoraida Frías-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Ginecología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla (España)
| | - Inmaculada Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena de Sevilla (España)
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Kovacevic G, Milosevic V, Knezevic P, Knezevic A, Knezevic I, Radovanov J, Nikolic N, Patic A, Petrovic V, Hrnjakovic Cvjetkovic I, Stanisic L. Prevalence of oncogenic Human papillomavirus and genetic diversity in the L1 gene of HPV16 HPV 18 HPV31 and HPV33 found in women from Vojvodina Province Serbia. Biologicals 2019; 58:57-63. [PMID: 30795963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the pre-vaccination prevalence of 12 hrHPV types among 564 women from Vojvodina province (Serbia). The corrected contingency coefficient (Ccorr) was used to estimate the importance of association of examined HPV types and cytological diagnosis. The highest association with the abnormal cytology was observed for HPV 16 (Ccorr = 0.493) in all age groups of participants. The effect of HPV 16 was especially clear within the group of women older than 35 years (Ccorr = 0.691), compared with women younger than 35 (Ccorr = 0.333). The molecular characterization at the level of L1 gene of HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33 variants was for the first time assessed in our region. Nearly all HPV 16 isolates cluster with variant lineage A (96.4%) the remaining isolates clustering with variant lineage D. All of HPV 18 and HPV 33 isolates are clustering within the lineage A while isolates of HPV 31 group with lineages A and C. This contributes to understanding of intrinsic geographical and biological differences of examined HPV types and could be useful for development of cervical cancer screening strategies in Vojvodina (Serbia) and diagnosis of HPV related cervical cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vesna Milosevic
- Institute for Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Petar Knezevic
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Knezevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Knezevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Natasa Nikolic
- Institute for Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Patic
- Institute for Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Petrovic
- Institute for Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Hrnjakovic Cvjetkovic
- Institute for Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
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Tripathi R, Rath G, Hussain S, Jawanjal P, Bandil K, Sharma V, Bharadwaj M, Mehrotra R. Jagged-1 induced molecular alterations in HPV associated invasive squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the human uterine cervix. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9359. [PMID: 29921897 PMCID: PMC6008329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of cervical cancer (CC) cases are attributable to HPV infection. Altered Notch pathway signals and HPV are believed to modify clinicopathogenesis of CC, however, the involvement of each molecular player and its mechanism is still not known. Jagged-1 (JAG1) is one of the ligands that induce Notch pathway. The involvement of JAG1 in the modulation of a disease condition is not very clear. Hence, this study aims to study the role of JAG1 in HPV-16/18 associated different histological sub-types of CC, especially ADC. 40 non-neoplastic cervical tissues, 30 precancer and 118 tumor specimens (total 188 tissue biopsies) were studied for the expression of the JAG1 protein through immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and for HPV infection. Two folds increase of cytoplasmic (Mean ± S.E, 3.67 ± 0.33; p = 0.0001) and nuclear (3.70 ± 0.38, p = 0.0001) JAG1 expression was identified in normal (N) vs precancer and three folds cytoplasmic (4.44 ± 0.17, p = 0.0001) and nuclear (4.64 ± 0.17; p = 0.0001) in N vs. ISCC. Total 85% of ADC patients were found to be infected with HPV, which were 100% infected with HPV-16. These findings suggest the complex synergistic interplay between JAG1 and HPV in regulating clinicopathological progression of CC through its deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tripathi
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India.,Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Gayatri Rath
- Department of Anatomy, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Poonam Jawanjal
- Department of Anatomy, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Bandil
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Vishwas Sharma
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India.,Society for Life Sciences and Human Health, Allahabad, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India.
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India.
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