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Omeiza NA, Bakre A, Ben-Azu B, Sowunmi AA, Abdulrahim HA, Chimezie J, Lawal SO, Adebayo OG, Alagbonsi AI, Akinola O, Abolaji AO, Aderibigbe AO. Mechanisms underpinning Carpolobia lutea G. Don ethanol extract's neurorestorative and antipsychotic-like activities in an NMDA receptor antagonist model of schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115767. [PMID: 36206872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Persistent ketamine insults to the central nervous system block NMDA receptors and disrupt putative neurotransmission, oxido-nitrosative, and inflammatory pathways, resulting in schizophrenia-like symptoms in animals. Previously, the ethnomedicinal benefits of Carpolobia lutea against insomnia, migraine headache, and insanity has been documented, but the mechanisms of action remain incomplete. AIM OF THE STUDY Presently, we explored the neuro-therapeutic role of Carpolobia lutea ethanol extract (C. lutea) in ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four male Swiss (22 ± 2 g) mice were randomly assigned into eight groups (n = 8/group) and exposed to a reversal ketamine model of schizophrenia. For 14 days, either distilled water (10 mL/kg; p.o.) or ketamine (20 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered, following possible reversal treatments with C. lutea (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg; p.o.), haloperidol (1 mg/kg, p.o.), or clozapine (5 mg/kg; p.o.) beginning on days 8-14. During the experiment, a battery of behavioral characterizations defining schizophrenia-like symptoms were obtained using ANY-maze software, followed by neurochemical, oxido-inflammatory and histological assessments in the mice brains. RESULTS A 7-day reversal treatment with C. lutea reversed predictors of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. C. lutea also mitigated ketamine-induced neurochemical derangements as evidenced by modulations of dopamine, glutamate, norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission. Also, the increased acetylcholinesterase activity, malondialdehyde nitrite, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis-factor-α concentrations were reversed by C. lutea accompanied with elevated levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. Furthermore, C. lutea reversed ketamine-induced neuronal alterations in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum sections of the brain. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that C. lutea reverses the cardinal symptoms of ketamine-induced schizophrenia in a dose-dependent fashion by modulating the oxido-inflammatory and neurotransmitter-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Omeiza
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Adewale Bakre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola A Sowunmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Halimat A Abdulrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Chimezie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sodiq O Lawal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Abdullateef I Alagbonsi
- Department of Clinical Biology (Physiology), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Southern Province, Rwanda
| | - Olugbenga Akinola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegbuyi O Aderibigbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Effect of Polymers and Permeation Enhancers in the Release of Quetiapine Fumarate Transdermal Patch through the Dialysis Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101984. [PMID: 35631867 PMCID: PMC9143260 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quetiapine Fumarate is potent, and the daily therapeutic dose can be delivered easily across the skin with the help of permeation enhancers. Quetiapine Fumarate-loaded transdermal patches were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. Various formulation parameters, excipients, and their combinations were optimized to get thin, translucent, smooth, stable, and high permeable character patches. A total number of 10 formulations were prepared. All formulations were subjected to various physicochemical evaluations. Three different formulations were prepared and F1, F2, and F3. Various physicochemical studies were carried out and found no significant difference between the three batches. The in vitro release study showed 74.29%, 82.73%, and 77.27%, respectively, up to 24 h. From the results, F2 has been selected as an optimized formulation and evaluated for skin irritation test. The results revealed that there is no irritation produced. The stability study results showed that there is no significant change from its initial nature till the period of three months in both temperatures. Quetiapine Fumarate Transdermal Patch F2 has achieved the goal of extended-release, cost-effectiveness, lowering the dose and frequency of drug administration, and thus may improve patient compliance.
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Kar SK, Dwivedi S. Zolpidem dependence in an adult with bipolar affective disorder and epilepsy: A case report. Gen Psychiatr 2019; 32:e100102. [PMID: 31552392 PMCID: PMC6738692 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zolpidem is a short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent, commonly recommended for short-term treatment of insomnia. Zolpidem has less dependence potential than benzodiazepines. Patients with mental illnesses often have disturbed sleep, for which zolpidem is often prescribed. Long-term use and self-medication (in more than recommended doses) are more likely to cause dependence. We report here a case of bipolar affective disorder with epilepsy, who developed dependence to zolpidem and had severe withdrawal symptoms. The management issues are also discussed with review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suyash Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Inhibition of Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Reactivation by the Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Clozapine. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050450. [PMID: 31108875 PMCID: PMC6563273 DOI: 10.3390/v11050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, maintains a lifelong latent infection in human B cells. Switching from the latent to the lytic phase of its lifecycle allows the virus to replicate and spread. The viral lytic cycle is induced in infected cultured cells by drugs such as sodium butyrate and azacytidine. Lytic reactivation can be inhibited by natural products and pharmaceuticals. The anticonvulsant drugs valproic acid and valpromide inhibit EBV in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Therefore, other drugs that treat neurological and psychological disorders were investigated for effects on EBV lytic reactivation. Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, was found to inhibit the reactivation of the EBV lytic cycle. Levels of the viral lytic genes BZLF1, BRLF1, and BMLF1 were decreased by treatment with clozapine in induced Burkitt lymphoma cells. The effects on viral gene expression were dependent on the dose of clozapine, yet cells were viable at an inhibitory concentration of clozapine. One metabolite of clozapine—desmethylclozapine—also inhibited EBV lytic reactivation, while another metabolite—clozapine-N-oxide—had no effect. These drugs may be used to study cellular pathways that control the viral lytic switch in order to develop treatments for diseases caused by EBV.
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Porcelli S, Balzarro B, Lee SJ, Han C, Patkar AA, Pae CU, Serretti A. PDE7B, NMBR and EPM2A Variants and Schizophrenia: A Case-Control and Pharmacogenetics Study. Neuropsychobiology 2017; 73:160-8. [PMID: 27092952 DOI: 10.1159/000445295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated phosphodiesterase 7B (PDE7B), neuromedin B receptor (NMBR) and epilepsy progressive myoclonus type 2A (EPM2A) genes in schizophrenia (SCZ). To the best of our knowledge, these genes have been poorly investigated in studies of SCZ. METHODS Five hundred and seventy-three SCZ inpatients of Korean ethnicity and 560 healthy controls were genotyped for 2 PDE7B, 3 NMBR and 3 EPM2A polymorphisms. Differences in the allelic and genetic frequencies among healthy subjects and patients were calculated using the x03C7;2 statistics. Repeated-measure ANOVA was used to test possible influences of single-nucleotide polymorphisms on treatment efficacy. In case of positive findings, clinical and demographic variables were added as covariates, in order to investigate possible stratixFB01;cation bias. RESULTS The rs2717 and rs6926279 within the NMBR gene and rs702304 and rs2235481 within the EPM2A gene were associated with SCZ liability. rs1415744 was also associated with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale negative clinical improvement. The results remained the same after inclusion of the covariates and were partially confirmed in the allelic and haplotype analyses. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings suggest a possible role of NMBR and EPM2A genes in SCZ susceptibility and, for the second one, also in antipsychotic pharmacogenetics. Nonetheless, further research is needed to conxFB01;rm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porcelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Deepak TS, Raveesh BN, Parashivamurthy BM, Kumar MSN, Majgi SM, Nagesh HN. Clinical Assessment of Weight Gain with Atypical Antipsychotics - Blonanserin vs Amisulpride. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:FC07-10. [PMID: 26266134 PMCID: PMC4525523 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13007.6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical antipsychotics appear to have the greatest potential to induce weight gain. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is the one of main cause of non-compliance and discontinuation of treatment, often resulting in the relapse of psychosis. OBJECTIVE To compare the weight gain between amisulpride and blonanserin treatment, in persons with psychosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty six subjects with psychosis attending psychiatry department at KR Hospital, Mysore were randomized into two equal groups. After obtaining informed consent, subjects of group I received amisulpride tablets 200 mg BD, and group II received blonanserin tablets 4 mg BD, for eight weeks. Body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) were measured at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. RESULTS The mean weight gain with amisulpride at 4 weeks was 2.73 kg (5.21%) and at 8 weeks was 4.34 kg (8.28%) from the baseline. The mean weight gain with blonanserin at 4 weeks was 1.77 kg (3.46%) and at 8 weeks was 3.46 kg (6.75%) from the baseline. The mean BMI increase at 8 weeks with amisulpride was 1.66 ± 0.56 and with blonanserin was 1.34 ± 0.77. The mean WHR increase at 8 weeks with amisulpride was 0.036 ± 0.026 and with blonanserin was 0.029 ± 0.020. There was statistically significant increase in weight, BMI and WHR associated with both blonanserin and amisulpride at 8 weeks. But there was no statistically significant difference in those parameters between blonanserin and amisulpride, at eight weeks. CONCLUSION Even though there was no significant difference in the weight gain caused by blonanserin, in comparison with amisulpride, both these drugs individually caused significant weight gain at 8 weeks, which is in contrast with the earlier studies, which needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- TS Deepak
- Postgraduate, Department of Pharmacology, MMC&RI, Mysore, India
| | - BN Raveesh
- Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, MMC&RI, Mysore, India
| | | | - MS Narendra Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, MMC&RI, Mysore, India
| | | | - HN Nagesh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, MMC&RI, Mysore, India
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Crisafulli C, Chiesa A, Han C, Lee SJ, Park MH, Balzarro B, Andrisano C, Patkar AA, Pae CU, Serretti A. Case-control association study for 10 genes in patients with schizophrenia: influence of 5HTR1A variation rs10042486 on schizophrenia and response to antipsychotics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262:199-205. [PMID: 22120873 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-011-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate possible associations between a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 10 genes with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and response to antipsychotics in Korean in-patients treated with antipsychotics. Two hundred and twenty-one SCZ in-patients and 170 psychiatrically healthy controls were genotyped for 42 SNPs within ABCB1, ABCB4, TAP2, CLOCK, CPLX1, CPLX2, SYN2, NRG1, 5HTR1A and GPRIN2. Baseline and final clinical measures, including the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), were recorded. Rs10042486 within 5HTR1A was associated with both SCZ and clinical improvement on PANSS total scores as well as on PANSS positive and PANSS negative scores. The haplotype analyses focusing on the four, three and two blocks' haplotypes within 5HTR1A confirmed such findings as well. We did not observe any significant association between the remaining genetic variants under investigation in this study and clinical outcomes. Our preliminary findings suggest that rs10042486 within 5HTR1A promoter region could be associated with SCZ and with clinical improvement on PANSS total, positive and negative scores in Korean patients with SCZ. However, taking into account the several limitations of our study, further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomorphology and Biotechnologies, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Messina, Italy
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Influence of GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4 polymorphisms on diagnosis and response to antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2011; 506:170-4. [PMID: 22094384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at exploring whether some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4 could be associated with schizophrenia and whether they could predict clinical outcomes in Korean in-patients treated with antipsychotics. One hundred forty five patients with MD, 221 in-patients with schizophrenia and 170 psychiatrically healthy controls were genotyped for 17 SNPs within GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4. Baseline and final clinical measures, including the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), were recorded. No significant association was found with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. We observed an association between rs3813296 genotype and improvement on PANSS negative scores. Our findings provide no evidence for an association between SNPs within GRIA1, GRIA2 and GRIA4 under investigation and schizophrenia susceptibility, although rs3813296 (GRIA2) could be associated with improvement on PANSS negative scores. However, taking into account the several limitations of our study, further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
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