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Ogunleye TJ, Taiwo AM, Akinhannmi TF, Oyediran LO, Arowolo TA. Assessment of air quality, health status and lung function of workers from selected poultry management systems in Ogun State, Nigeria. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Eghomwanre AF, Oguntoke O, Taiwo AM. Levels of indoor particulate matter and association with asthma in children in Benin City, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:467. [PMID: 35648237 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between indoor particulate matter and asthma in children was assessed in this study. Forty-five (45) locations were randomly selected across the five local government areas in Benin City, Edo State, for air quality assessment. Indoor and outdoor particulates (PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10) were monitored monthly using a handheld BLATN particulate sampler (Br-Smart-126S series). Reported clinical cases of asthma in children from 2008 to 2017 were collected from two major hospitals in the metropolis. The data obtained were analysed with SPSS for Windows version 21.0. The average concentrations of indoor and ambient PM ranged between 10.7-26.2 and 19.0-49.4 µg/m3 (PM1.0), 27.4-59.6 and 45.6-93.0 µg/m3 (PM2.5), and 33.5-67.9 and 60.9-106.1 µg/m3 (PM10) in the wet and dry seasons. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were observed above the WHO standards. Indoor particulate concentration was significantly (p = 0.001-0.012) higher in the dry season across the locations. Outdoor PM correlated positively (R = 0.568-0.855, p < 0.05; R2 = 0.322-0.724, p < 0.001) with their corresponding indoor PM concentration. The hazard ratio (HR) values of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded 1 in all the sampling locations during the dry season, while the mean total hazard ratio (THR) of both PM metrics was considerably higher during the dry season than in the wet season. Indoor PM concentrations showed a significant positive correlation with reported cases of asthma (R = 0.498-0.542, p < 0.001) and accounted for 40.6% of the asthma cases during the dry season. The study showed that children in the selected households are at risk of increased asthma exacerbation due to exposure to particulate matter pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Eghomwanre
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - O Oguntoke
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A M Taiwo
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Eghomwanre AF, Oguntoke O. Concentrations of indoor gaseous air pollutants and risk factors associated with childhood asthma in Benin City, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:391. [PMID: 35460021 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants from various indoor sources account for indoor air pollution mostly in developing countries and pose health risks to children. This study assessed the levels of indoor gaseous pollutants and environmental risk factors associated with asthma in children. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted among 304 children between the ages of 1 and 17 years. Indoor pollution at home was investigated using a modified international survey on asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Concentrations of indoor gaseous pollutants (CO, SO2 and NO2) were measured in two hundred and twenty-five randomly selected households using a MultiRae lite gas meter. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS for windows version 21.0. The risk factors for childhood asthma were obtained as odds ratios (ORs) using multivariate logistic regression. Mean concentrations of indoor gaseous pollutants ranged between 2.34-3.14 and 2.21-2.61 mg/m3 (CO), 0.02-0.05 and < 0.002-0.03 mg/m3 (NO2) and < 0.002-0.03 and < 0.002-0.02 mg/m3 (SO2) in the wet and dry seasons. The mean values of pollutants were within the WHO permissible limits. The morbidity rates of clinical asthma, physician-diagnosed asthma and recurrent wheeze in the past 12 months among the respondents were 5.6%, 2.6% and 11.8% respectively. There was no association between asthma prevalence and air pollutant exposures except with CO (R = 0.130). However, the number of occupants, family history of asthma, current smoking, use of kerosene and proximity of residence to the highway with significant (p < 0.05) odds ratios (12.4, 3.51, 2.51, 7.20 and 3.46) were independent contributors to current asthma in children. The study showed that exposure to household risk factors contributed to increased asthma among children in the study locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Eghomwanre
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - O Oguntoke
- College of Environmental Resources Management, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Fedak KM, Good N, Walker ES, Balmes J, Brook RD, Clark ML, Cole-Hunter T, Devlin R, L'Orange C, Luckasen G, Mehaffy J, Shelton R, Wilson A, Volckens J, Peel JL. Acute changes in lung function following controlled exposure to cookstove air pollution in the subclinical tests of volunteers exposed to smoke (STOVES) study. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:115-123. [PMID: 32297528 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1751750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Exposure to household air pollution generated as a result of cooking and heating is a leading contributor to global disease. The effects of cookstove-generated air pollution on adult lung function, however, remain uncertain.Objectives: We investigated acute responses in lung function following controlled exposures to cookstove-generated air pollution.Methods: We recruited 48 healthy adult volunteers to undergo six two-hour treatments: a filtered-air control and emissions from five different stoves with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) targets from 10 to 500 µg/m3. Spirometry was conducted prior to exposure and immediately, and three and 24 h post-exposure. Mixed-effect models were used to estimate differences in post-exposure lung function for stove treatments versus control.Results: Immediately post-exposure, lung function was lower compared to the control for the three highest PM2.5-level stoves. The largest differences were for the fan rocket stove (target 250 µg/m3; forced vital capacity (FVC): -60 mL, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -135, 15; forced expiratory volume (FEV1): -51 mL, 95% CI -117, 16; mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75): -116 mL/s, 95% CI -239, 8). At 3 h post-exposure, lung function was lower compared to the control for all stove treatments; effects were of similar magnitude for all stoves. At 24 h post-exposure, results were consistent with a null association for FVC and FEV1; FEF25-75 was lower relative to the control for the gasifier, fan rocket, and three stone fire.Conclusions: Patterns suggesting short-term decreases in lung function follow from exposure to cookstove air pollution even for stove exposures with low PM2.5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Fedak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ethan S Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Centre for Air pollution, energy, and health Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - John Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rhiannon Shelton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Exposure to Wood Smoke and Associated Health Effects in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:32. [PMID: 32211302 PMCID: PMC7082829 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies suggest that exposure to wood smoke is associated with a variety of adverse health effects in humans. Objective We aimed to summarise evidence from sub-Saharan Africa on levels of exposure to pollutants in wood smoke and the association between such exposures and adverse health outcomes. Methods PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for original articles reporting personal exposure levels to pollutants or health outcomes associated with wood smoke exposure in Sub-Saharan African population. Results Mean personal PM2.5 and carbon monoxide levels in the studies ranged from 26.3 ± 1.48 μg/m3 to 1574 ± 287μg/m3 and from 0.64 ± 2.12 ppm to 22 ± 2.4 ppm, respectively. All the reported personal PM2.5 exposure levels were higher than the World Health Organization's Air Quality Guideline (AQG) for 24-hour mean exposure. Use of wood fuels in domestic cooking is the major source of wood smoke exposure in this population. Occupational exposure to wood smoke included the use of wood fuels in bakery, fish drying, cassava processing and charcoal production. Females were exposed to higher levels of these pollutants than males of the same age range. Major determinants for higher exposure to wood smoke in SSA included use of unprocessed firewood, female gender and occupational exposure. We recorded strong and consistent associations between exposure to wood smoke and respiratory diseases including acute respiratory illness and impaired lung function. Positive associations were reported for increased blood pressure, low birth weight, oesophageal cancer, sick building syndrome, non-syndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate and under-five mortality. Conclusion There is high level of exposure to wood smoke in SSA and this exposure is associated with a number of adverse health effects. There is urgent need for aggressive programs to reduce wood smoke exposure in this population.
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Joubert BR, Mantooth SN, McAllister KA. Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities. Front Genet 2020; 10:1166. [PMID: 32010175 PMCID: PMC6977412 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization in 2016 estimated that over 20% of the global disease burden and deaths were attributed to modifiable environmental factors. However, data clearly characterizing the impact of environmental exposures and health endpoints in African populations is limited. To describe recent progress and identify important research gaps, we reviewed literature on environmental health research in African populations over the last decade, as well as research incorporating both genomic and environmental factors. We queried PubMed for peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, or books examining environmental exposures and health outcomes in human populations in Africa. Searches utilized medical subheading (MeSH) terms for environmental exposure categories listed in the March 2018 US National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, which includes chemicals with worldwide distributions. Our search strategy retrieved 540 relevant publications, with studies evaluating health impacts of ambient air pollution (n=105), indoor air pollution (n = 166), heavy metals (n = 130), pesticides (n = 95), dietary mold (n = 61), indoor mold (n = 9), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, n = 0), electronic waste (n = 9), environmental phenols (n = 4), flame retardants (n = 8), and phthalates (n = 3), where publications could belong to more than one exposure category. Only 23 publications characterized both environmental and genomic risk factors. Cardiovascular and respiratory health endpoints impacted by air pollution were comparable to observations in other countries. Air pollution exposures unique to Africa and some other resource limited settings were dust and specific occupational exposures. Literature describing harmful health effects of metals, pesticides, and dietary mold represented a context unique to Africa. Studies of exposures to phthalates, PFASs, phenols, and flame retardants were very limited. These results underscore the need for further focus on current and emerging environmental and chemical health risks as well as better integration of genomic and environmental factors in African research studies. Environmental exposures with distinct routes of exposure, unique co-exposures and co-morbidities, combined with the extensive genomic diversity in Africa may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms underlying complex disease and promising potential for translation to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie R Joubert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Kimberly A McAllister
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
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Oguonu T, Obumneme-Anyim IN, Eze JN, Ayuk AC, Okoli CV, Ndu IK. Prevalence and determinants of airflow limitation in urban and rural children exposed to cooking fuels in South-East Nigeria. Paediatr Int Child Health 2018. [PMID: 29542392 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2018.1445506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Biofuels and other cooking fuels are used in households in low- and middle-income countries. Aim To investigate the impact of cooking fuels on lung function in children in urban and rural households in South-East Nigeria. Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used to enroll children exposed to cooking fuel in the communities. Lung function values FEV1, FVC and the FEV1/FVC ratio, were measured with ndd EasyOneR spirometer. Airflow limitation was determined with FEV1/FVC Z-score values at -1.64 as the lower limit of normal (LLN5). The Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 software was used to calculate the lung function indices. Results The median age (range) of the 912 children enrolled was 10.6 years (6-18). Altogether, 468 (51.6%) children lived in rural areas. Seven hundred and thirty-seven (80.7%) were directly exposed to cooking fuels (418/737, 56.5% in rural areas). Wood and kerosene were the dominant fuels in rural and urban households. The respective mean Z-scores of the exposed children in rural and urban were zFEV1 -0.62, FVC -0.21, FEV1/FVC -0.83 and zFEV1 -0.57, zFVC -0.14, FEV1/FVC -0.75. Few (5.2%, 38/737) of the children had airflow limitation. Most of them (60.5%, 25/38) lived in the rural community; the lowest FEV1/FVC Z-scores were those of exposed to a combination of fuels. Conclusion Exposure to cooking fuels affects lung function in children with airway limitation in a small proportion, Control measures are advocated to reduce the morbidity related to cooking fuels exposure.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ATS/ERS, American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society
- Airflow limitation
- BMI, body mass index
- DALY, disability-adjusted life years
- FER, forced expiratory ratio
- FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second
- FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity
- FEV6, forced expiratory volume in 6 s
- FVC, forced vital capacity
- GLI, global lung function initiative
- HAP, household air pollution
- IQR, interquartile ratio
- LLN, lower limit of normal
- LMS, Lambda–Mu–Sigma
- LPG, liquefied petroleum gas
- MA, Massachusetts
- NHANES III, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NHREC, Nigeria Health Research and Ethics Committee
- Nigeria
- PM, particulate matter
- SD, standard deviation
- SEC, socio-economic class
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Sciences
- WHO, World Health Organization
- children
- cooking fuel exposure
- lung function
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagbo Oguonu
- a Department of Paediatrics , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu State , Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma N Obumneme-Anyim
- a Department of Paediatrics , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu State , Nigeria
| | - Joy N Eze
- a Department of Paediatrics , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu State , Nigeria
| | - Adaeze C Ayuk
- a Department of Paediatrics , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu State , Nigeria.,b Paediatric Pulmonology firm , Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Chinyere V Okoli
- a Department of Paediatrics , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu State , Nigeria.,c Department of Paediatrics , Nyanya General Hospital , Abuja , Nigeria
| | - Ikenna K Ndu
- a Department of Paediatrics , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu State , Nigeria.,d Department of Paediatrics , Enugu State University of Science and Technology , Enugu , Nigeria
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