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Ward-Caviness CK, Moyer J, Weaver A, Devlin R, Diaz-Sanchez D. Associations between PFAS occurrence and multimorbidity as observed in an electronic health record cohort. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e217. [PMID: 35975166 PMCID: PMC9374186 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with health outcomes ranging from cancer to high cholesterol. However, there has been little examination of how PFAS exposure might impact the development of multiple chronic diseases, known as multimorbidity. Here, we associated the presence of one or more PFAS in water systems serving the zip code of residence with chronic disease and multimorbidity.
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Huang R, Li Z, Ivey CE, Zhai X, Shi G, Mulholland JA, Devlin R, Russell AG. Application of an Improved Gas-constrained Source Apportionment Method Using Data Fused Fields: a Case Study in North Carolina, USA. Atmos Environ (1994) 2022; 276:119031. [PMID: 35814352 PMCID: PMC9262331 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have found differing associations of disease outcomes with PM2.5 components (or species) and sources (e.g., biomass burning, diesel vehicles and gasoline vehicles). Here, a unique method of fusing daily chemical transport model (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling) results with observations has been utilized to generate spatiotemporal fields of the concentrations of major gaseous pollutants (CO, NO2, NOx, O3, and SO2), total PM2.5 mass, and speciated PM2.5 (including crustal elements) over North Carolina for 2002-2010. The fused results are then used in chemical mass balance source apportionment model, CMBGC-Iteration, which uses both gas constraint and particulate matter concentrations to quantify source impacts. The method, as applied to North Carolina, quantifies the impacts of ten source categories and provides estimates of source contributions to PM2.5 concentrations. The ten source categories include both primary sources (diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, dust, biomass burning, coal-fired power plants and sea salt) and secondary components (ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium nitrate and secondary organic carbon). The results show a steady decrease in anthropogenic source impacts, especially from diesel vehicles and coal-fired power plants. Secondary pollutant components accounted for approximately 70% of PM2.5 mass. This study demonstrates an ability to provide spatiotemporal fields of both PM components and source impacts using a chemical transport model fused with observation data, linked to a receptor-based source apportionment method, to develop spatiotemporal fields of multiple pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zongrun Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cesunica E. Ivey
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xinxin Zhai
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - James A. Mulholland
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Devlin
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Armistead G. Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Correspondence:
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3
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Fedak KM, Good N, Walker ES, Balmes J, Brook RD, Clark ML, Cole-Hunter T, Devlin R, L'Orange C, Luckasen G, Mehaffy J, Shelton R, Wilson A, Volckens J, Peel JL. Acute changes in lung function following controlled exposure to cookstove air pollution in the subclinical tests of volunteers exposed to smoke (STOVES) study. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:115-123. [PMID: 32297528 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1751750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Exposure to household air pollution generated as a result of cooking and heating is a leading contributor to global disease. The effects of cookstove-generated air pollution on adult lung function, however, remain uncertain.Objectives: We investigated acute responses in lung function following controlled exposures to cookstove-generated air pollution.Methods: We recruited 48 healthy adult volunteers to undergo six two-hour treatments: a filtered-air control and emissions from five different stoves with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) targets from 10 to 500 µg/m3. Spirometry was conducted prior to exposure and immediately, and three and 24 h post-exposure. Mixed-effect models were used to estimate differences in post-exposure lung function for stove treatments versus control.Results: Immediately post-exposure, lung function was lower compared to the control for the three highest PM2.5-level stoves. The largest differences were for the fan rocket stove (target 250 µg/m3; forced vital capacity (FVC): -60 mL, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -135, 15; forced expiratory volume (FEV1): -51 mL, 95% CI -117, 16; mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75): -116 mL/s, 95% CI -239, 8). At 3 h post-exposure, lung function was lower compared to the control for all stove treatments; effects were of similar magnitude for all stoves. At 24 h post-exposure, results were consistent with a null association for FVC and FEV1; FEF25-75 was lower relative to the control for the gasifier, fan rocket, and three stone fire.Conclusions: Patterns suggesting short-term decreases in lung function follow from exposure to cookstove air pollution even for stove exposures with low PM2.5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Fedak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ethan S Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Centre for Air pollution, energy, and health Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - John Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rhiannon Shelton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Breen M, Chang SY, Breen M, Xu Y, Isakov V, Arunachalam S, Carraway MS, Devlin R. Fine-Scale Modeling of Individual Exposures to Ambient PM 2.5, EC, NO x, CO for the Coronary Artery Disease and Environmental Exposure (CADEE) Study. Atmosphere (Basel) 2020; 11:1-65. [PMID: 32461808 PMCID: PMC7252567 DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution epidemiological studies often use outdoor concentrations from central-site monitors as exposure surrogates, which can induce measurement error. The goal of this study was to improve exposure assessments of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) for a repeated measurements study with 15 individuals with coronary artery disease in central North Carolina called the Coronary Artery Disease and Environmental Exposure (CADEE) Study. We developed a fine-scale exposure modeling approach to determine five tiers of individual-level exposure metrics for PM2.5, EC, NOx, CO using outdoor concentrations, on-road vehicle emissions, weather, home building characteristics, time-locations, and time-activities. We linked an urban-scale air quality model, residential air exchange rate model, building infiltration model, global positioning system (GPS)-based microenvironment model, and accelerometer-based inhaled ventilation model to determine residential outdoor concentrations (Cout_home, Tier 1), residential indoor concentrations (Cin_home, Tier 2), personal outdoor concentrations (Cout_personal, Tier 3), exposures (E, Tier 4), and inhaled doses (D, Tier 5). We applied the fine-scale exposure model to determine daily 24-h average PM2.5, EC, NOx, CO exposure metrics (Tiers 1-5) for 720 participant-days across the 25 months of CADEE. Daily modeled metrics showed considerable temporal and home-to-home variability of Cout_home and Cin_home (Tiers 1-2) and person-to-person variability of Cout_personal, E, and D (Tiers 3-5). Our study demonstrates the ability to apply an urban-scale air quality model with an individual-level exposure model to determine multiple tiers of exposure metrics for an epidemiological study, in support of improving health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Breen
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Shih Ying Chang
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Miyuki Breen
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, ORISE/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yadong Xu
- ORAU/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Vlad Isakov
- Center for Measurements and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Sarav Arunachalam
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Martha Sue Carraway
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Robert Devlin
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
We describe a transient-state polarized fluorescence-based method for detecting nucleic acids. An active ester of the phthalocyanine dye La Jolla Blue was coupled to an oligonucleotide containing an amino group at its 5' end, and the conjugate was purified by HPLC chromatography. We monitored the hybridization characteristics of the conjugate with complementary oligonucleotides and RNA as targets by transient-state polarized fluorescence measurements. The method was comparable in sensitivity to isotopic and nonisotopic heterogeneous detection systems and was capable of detecting 1 fmol of a 382-base-long RNA transcript from human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1) generated in a self-sustained sequence replication (3SR) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Devlin
- Diatron Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | | | | | - E Fahy
- Diatron Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - K Blumeyer
- Diatron Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - S S Ghosh
- Diatron Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121
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6
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Fedak KM, Good N, Walker ES, Balmes J, Brook RD, Clark ML, Cole-Hunter T, Devlin R, L'Orange C, Luckasen G, Mehaffy J, Shelton R, Wilson A, Volckens J, Peel JL. Acute Effects on Blood Pressure Following Controlled Exposure to Cookstove Air Pollution in the STOVES Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012246. [PMID: 31286826 PMCID: PMC6662148 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to air pollution from solid fuel used in residential cookstoves is considered a leading environmental risk factor for disease globally, but evidence for this relationship is largely extrapolated from literature on smoking, secondhand smoke, and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Methods and Results We conducted a controlled human‐exposure study (STOVES [the Subclinical Tests on Volunteers Exposed to Smoke] Study) to investigate acute responses in blood pressure following exposure to air pollution emissions from cookstove technologies. Forty‐eight healthy adults received 2‐hour exposures to 5 cookstove treatments (three stone fire, rocket elbow, fan rocket elbow, gasifier, and liquefied petroleum gas), spanning PM2.5 concentrations from 10 to 500 μg/m3, and a filtered air control (0 μg/m3). Thirty minutes after exposure, systolic pressure was lower for the three stone fire treatment (500 μg/m3PM2.5) compared with the control (−2.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, −4.5 to −0.1) and suggestively lower for the gasifier (35 μg/m3PM2.5; −1.8 mm Hg; 95% CI, −4.0 to 0.4). No differences were observed at 3 hours after exposure; however, at 24 hours after exposure, mean systolic pressure was 2 to 3 mm Hg higher for all treatments compared with control except for the rocket elbow stove. No differences were observed in diastolic pressure for any time point or treatment. Conclusions Short‐term exposure to air pollution from cookstoves can elicit an increase in systolic pressure within 24 hours. This response occurred across a range of stove types and PM2.5 concentrations, raising concern that even low‐level exposures to cookstove air pollution may pose adverse cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Fedak
- 1 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | - Nicholas Good
- 1 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | - Ethan S Walker
- 1 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | - John Balmes
- 2 Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Robert D Brook
- 3 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI
| | - Maggie L Clark
- 1 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- 1 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO.,4 Centre for Air Pollution, Energy, and Health Research Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
| | - Robert Devlin
- 5 Environmental Public Health Division United States Environmental Protection Agency Chapel Hill NC
| | - Christian L'Orange
- 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | | | - John Mehaffy
- 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | - Rhiannon Shelton
- 1 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | - Ander Wilson
- 8 Department of Statistics Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | - John Volckens
- 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- 1 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
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7
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McGee MP, Wallin R, Devlin R, Rothberger H. Identification of mRNA Coding for Factor VII Protein in Human Alveolar Macrophages - Coagulant Expression May Be Limited Due to Deficient Postribosomal Processing. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Clotting factors synthesized by monocytes and macrophages may initiate coagulation reactions during inflammation. Functional vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors have been found to be associated with human monocytes/macrophages, but there are no reports identifying mRNA coding for vitamin K-dependent proteins in these cells. In the present studies, factor VII mRNA was found in total RNA extracted from freshly isolated human alveolar macrophages using hybridization with a complementary DNA probe. On the other hand, vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity which is required for postribosomal modification of the protein, was not detectable in the macrophages before or after culture, and human blood mononuclear leukocytes also lacked this enzyme activity. Control human and rat hepatoma cells exhibited high levels of carboxylase activity within the same experiments. Using sensitive kinetic assays, no increase in factor VII activity was detected during culture of alveolar macrophages under conditions promoting 1.78 ± .24 (n = 8) fold increases of tissue factor activity. These findings with freshly isolated cells demonstrate that alveolar macrophages synthesize factor VII mRNA in vivo. However, the mRNA was found in the absence of evidence for γ-carboxylase activity or processing of the factor into a functional clotting enzyme. The results imply that functional expression of any synthesized coagulation factor VII in alveolar macrophages may be limited or prevented due to a cellular deficiency at the level of postribosomal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P McGee
- The Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reidar Wallin
- The Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Devlin
- The Health Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry Rothberger
- The Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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8
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Breen M, Xu Y, Schneider A, Williams R, Devlin R. Modeling individual exposures to ambient PM 2.5 in the diabetes and the environment panel study (DEPS). Sci Total Environ 2018; 626:807-816. [PMID: 29396342 PMCID: PMC6147059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution epidemiology studies of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) often use outdoor concentrations as exposure surrogates, which can induce exposure error. The goal of this study was to improve ambient PM2.5 exposure assessments for a repeated measurements study with 22 diabetic individuals in central North Carolina called the Diabetes and Environment Panel Study (DEPS) by applying the Exposure Model for Individuals (EMI), which predicts five tiers of individual-level exposure metrics for ambient PM2.5 using outdoor concentrations, questionnaires, weather, and time-location information. Using EMI, we linked a mechanistic air exchange rate (AER) model to a mass-balance PM2.5 infiltration model to predict residential AER (Tier 1), infiltration factors (Finf_home, Tier 2), indoor concentrations (Cin, Tier 3), personal exposure factors (Fpex, Tier 4), and personal exposures (E, Tier 5) for ambient PM2.5. We applied EMI to predict daily PM2.5 exposure metrics (Tiers 1-5) for 174 participant-days across the 13 months of DEPS. Individual model predictions were compared to a subset of daily measurements of Fpex and E (Tiers 4-5) from the DEPS participants. Model-predicted Fpex and E corresponded well to daily measurements with a median difference of 14% and 23%; respectively. Daily model predictions for all 174 days showed considerable temporal and house-to-house variability of AER, Finf_home, and Cin (Tiers 1-3), and person-to-person variability of Fpex and E (Tiers 4-5). Our study demonstrates the capability of predicting individual-level ambient PM2.5 exposure metrics for an epidemiological study, in support of improving risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Breen
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Yadong Xu
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Williams
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Robert Devlin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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9
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Noble S, Saxena V, Ekker M, Devlin R. Expression of Thiaminase in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is Lethal and Has Implications for Use as a Biocontainment Strategy in Aquaculture and Invasive Species. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2017; 19:563-569. [PMID: 28980193 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the world increasingly relies on aquaculture operations to meet rising seafood demands, reliable biocontainment measures for farmed fish stocks are desired to minimize ecological impacts arising from interactions of cultured fish with wild populations. One possible biocontainment strategy is to induce a dietary dependence on a vitamin, such as thiamine (vitamin B1), required for survival. Fish expressing thiaminase (an enzyme that degrades thiamine) within a confined aquaculture facility could receive supplemental thiamine to allow survival and normal growth, whereas escapees lacking this dietary rescue would die from thiamine deficiency. To test the concept and efficacy of such a dietary dependency system (for potential future use in larger aquaculture species), we expressed thiaminase in zebrafish as a test model. We drove the expression of thiaminase under the strong ubiquitous and constitutive control of the CMV promoter which resulted in non-viable fish, indicating that the thiaminase sequence kills fish. However, the CMV promoter is too strong to allow conditional survival since the lethality could not be rescued by exogenous thiamine provided as a supplement to typical food. In addition, microinjection of 0.5 pg of thiaminase mRNA in zebrafish embryos at the one-cell stage resulted in 50% larval mortality at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf), which was partially rescued by thiamine supplementation. Evaluating the efficacy of biocontainment strategies helps assess which methods can reliably prevent ecological impacts arising from breaches in physical containment systems that release engineered organisms to nature, and consequently provides critical information for use in regulatory risk assessment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Noble
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marc Ekker
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Robert Devlin
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, V7V 1N6, Canada.
- Marine Ecosystems and Aquaculture Division, Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, V7V 1N6, Canada.
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10
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Ward-Caviness CK, Kraus WE, Blach C, Haynes CS, Dowdy E, Miranda ML, Devlin R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio WE, Mukerjee S, Stallings C, Smith LA, Gregory SG, Shah SH, Neas LM, Hauser ER. Associations Between Residential Proximity to Traffic and Vascular Disease in a Cardiac Catheterization Cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:275-282. [PMID: 29191927 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to mobile source emissions is nearly ubiquitous in developed nations and is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. There is an ongoing need to understand the specificity of traffic exposure associations with vascular outcomes, particularly in individuals with cardiovascular disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed a cross-sectional study using 2124 individuals residing in North Carolina, United States, who received a cardiac catheterization at the Duke University Medical Center. Traffic-related exposure was assessed via 2 metrics: (1) the distance between the primary residence and the nearest major roadway; and (2) location of the primary residence in regions defined based on local traffic patterns. We examined 4 cardiovascular disease outcomes: hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, the number of diseased coronary vessels, and recent myocardial infarction. Statistical models were adjusted for race, sex, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, and home value. Results are expressed in terms of the odds ratio (OR). A 23% decrease in residential distance to major roadways was associated with higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (OR=1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.55) and hypertension (OR=1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.31). Associations with peripheral arterial disease were strongest in men (OR=1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.74) while associations with hypertension were strongest in women (OR=1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.49). Neither myocardial infarction nor the number of diseased coronary vessels were associated with traffic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Traffic-related exposure is associated with peripheral arterial disease and hypertension while no associations are observed for 2 coronary-specific vascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.).
| | - William E Kraus
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Colette Blach
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Carol S Haynes
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Elaine Dowdy
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Robert Devlin
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Shaibal Mukerjee
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Casson Stallings
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Luther A Smith
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Simon G Gregory
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Svati H Shah
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Lucas M Neas
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
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11
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Behrsing H, Raabe H, Tice R, Devlin R, Pinkerton K, Oberdörster G, Wright C, Wieczorek R, Aufderheide M, Steiner S, Krebs T, Asgharian B, Corley R, Oldham M, Adamson J, Li X, Rahman I, Grego S, Chu PH, McCullough S, Hill E, Curren R, Curren R. In vitro exposure systems and dosimetry assessment tools for inhaled tobacco products: Workshop proceedings, conclusions and paths forward for in vitro model use. Altern Lab Anim 2017; 45:117-158. [PMID: 28816053 PMCID: PMC9878375 DOI: 10.1177/026119291704500305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In 2009, the passing of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act facilitated the establishment of the FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP), and gave it regulatory authority over the marketing, manufacture and distribution of tobacco products, including those termed 'modified risk'. On 4-6 April 2016, the Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc. (IIVS) convened a workshop conference entitled, In Vitro Exposure Systems and Dosimetry Assessment Tools for Inhaled Tobacco Products, to bring together stakeholders representing regulatory agencies, academia and industry to address the research priorities articulated by the FDA CTP. Specific topics were covered to assess the status of current in vitro smoke and aerosol/vapour exposure systems, as well as the various approaches and challenges to quantifying the complex exposures in in vitro pulmonary models developed for evaluating adverse pulmonary events resulting from tobacco product exposures. The four core topics covered were: a) Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Aerosols; b) Air-Liquid Interface-In Vitro Exposure Systems; c) Dosimetry Approaches for Particles and Vapours/In Vitro Dosimetry Determinations; and d) Exposure Microenvironment/Physiology of Cells. The 2.5-day workshop included presentations from 20 expert speakers, poster sessions, networking discussions, and breakout sessions which identified key findings and provided recommendations to advance these technologies. Here, we will report on the proceedings, recommendations, and outcome of the April 2016 technical workshop, including paths forward for developing and validating non-animal test methods for tobacco product smoke and next generation tobacco product aerosol/vapour exposures. With the recent FDA publication of the final deeming rule for the governance of tobacco products, there is an unprecedented necessity to evaluate a very large number of tobacco-based products and ingredients. The questionable relevance, high cost, and ethical considerations for the use of in vivo testing methods highlight the necessity of robust in vitro approaches to elucidate tobacco-based exposures and how they may lead to pulmonary diseases that contribute to lung exposure-induced mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Raabe
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Robert Devlin
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kent Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Chris Wright
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Adamson
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Southampton, UK
| | - Xiang Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Irfan Rahman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Sonia Grego
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shaun McCullough
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin Hill
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Rodger Curren
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Rodger Curren
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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12
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Hernandez ML, Burbank A, Todoric K, Robinette C, Diaz-Sanchez D, Devlin R, Peden DB, Grabich S. Performance Characteristics of the Acq-6 in Predicting Poorly Controlled Asthma in African American Teens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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McClelland E, Chan M, Sakhrani D, Devlin R. Identification of SNPs associated with transgenic and sex phenotypes in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-016-0598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Hampel R, Breitner S, Kraus WE, Hauser E, Shah S, Ward-Caviness CK, Devlin R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Neas L, Cascio W, Peters A, Schneider A. Short-term effects of air temperature on plasma metabolite concentrations in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Environ Res 2016; 151:224-232. [PMID: 27500855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown associations between air temperature and cardiovascular health outcomes. Metabolic dysregulation might also play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate short-term temperature effects on metabolites related to cardiovascular disease. METHODS Concentrations of 45 acylcarnitines, 15 amino acids, ketone bodies and total free fatty acids were available in 2869 participants from the CATHeterization GENetics cohort recruited at the Duke University Cardiac Catheterization Clinic (Durham, NC) between 2001 and 2007. Ten metabolites were selected based on quality criteria and cluster analysis. Daily averages of meteorological variables were obtained from the North American Regional Reanalysis project. Immediate, lagged, and cumulative temperature effects on metabolite concentrations were analyzed using (piecewise) linear regression models. RESULTS Linear temperature effects were found for glycine, C16-OH:C14:1-DC, and aspartic acid/asparagine. A 5°C increase in temperature was associated with a 1.8% [95%-confidence interval: 0.3%; 3.3%] increase in glycine (5-day average), a 3.2% [0.1%; 6.3%] increase in C16-OH:C14:1-DC (lag of four days), and a -1.4% [-2.4%; -0.3%] decrease in aspartic acid/asparagine (lag of two days). Non-linear temperature effects were observed for alanine and total ketone bodies with breakpoint of 4°C and 20°C, respectively. Both a 5°C decrease in temperature on colder days (<4°C)and a 5°C increase in temperature on warmer days (≥4°C) were associated with a four day delayed increase in alanine by 6.6% [11.7; 1.8%] and 1.9% [0.3%; 3.4%], respectively. For ketone bodies we found immediate (0-day lag) increases of 4.2% [-0.5%; 9.1%] and 12.3% [0.1%; 26.0%] associated with 5°C decreases on colder (<20°C) days and 5°C increases on warmer days (≥20°C), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We observed multiple effects of air temperature on metabolites several of which are reported to be involved in cardiovascular disease. Our findings might help to understand the link between air temperature and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Hauser
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Svati Shah
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Devlin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lucas Neas
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wayne Cascio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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15
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Alexis NE, Huang YCT, Rappold AG, Kehrl H, Devlin R, Peden DB. Patients with asthma demonstrate airway inflammation after exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:235-7. [PMID: 25025358 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201401-0126le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neil E Alexis
- 1 University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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16
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Hatch GE, McKee J, Brown J, McDonnell W, Seal E, Soukup J, Slade R, Crissman K, Devlin R. Biomarkers of Dose and Effect of Inhaled Ozone in Resting versus Exercising Human Subjects: Comparison with Resting Rats. Biomark Insights 2013; 8:53-67. [PMID: 23761957 PMCID: PMC3663491 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s11102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the influence of exercise on pulmonary dose of inhaled pollutants, we compared biomarkers of inhaled ozone (O3) dose and toxic effect between exercise levels in humans, and between humans and rats. Resting human subjects were exposed to labeled O3 (18O3, 0.4 ppm, for 2 hours) and alveolar O3 dose measured as the concentration of excess 18O in cells and extracellular material of nasal, bronchial, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We related O3 dose to effects (changes in BALF protein, LDH, IL-6, and antioxidant substances) measurable in the BALF. A parallel study of resting subjects examined lung function (FEV1) changes following O3. Subjects exposed while resting had 18O concentrations in BALF cells that were 1/5th of those of exercising subjects and directly proportional to the amount of O3 breathed during exposure. Quantitative measures of alveolar O3 dose and toxicity that were observed previously in exercising subjects were greatly reduced or non-observable in O3 exposed resting subjects. Resting rats and resting humans were found to have a similar alveolar O3 dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Hatch
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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17
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Sturve J, Almroth BC, Jonsson J, Devlin R. Oxidative stress in transgenic coho salmon. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Carney Almroth B, Johnsson JI, Devlin R, Sturve J. Oxidative stress in growth hormone transgenic coho salmon with compressed lifespan--a model for addressing aging. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1183-9. [PMID: 22655913 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.698009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) transgenic fish have dramatically enhanced growth rates, increased oxygen demands and reactive oxygen species production. GH-transgenic coho salmon provide an opportunity to address effects of increased metabolism on physiological aging. The objective of this study was to compare oxidative stress in wild-type (WT) and GH-transgenic (T) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of different ages (1 and 2 years). Antioxidant enzyme activity, protein carbonyls (PC) and glutathione (GSH, GSSG) were measured. PC correlated to growth rates in individual fish. T fish exhibited lower antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH levels compared to the WT, while levels of PC and GSSG were higher. Age affects were observed in both WT and T fish; enzyme activities and GSH decreased while PC and GSSG increased. Our results support the metabolic rate theory of aging. This study aims to be a platform for continued studies of the theories of aging using fish as model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie Carney Almroth
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden.
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19
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Vandersteen W, Biro P, Harris L, Devlin R. Introgression of domesticated alleles into a wild trout genotype and the impact on seasonal survival in natural lakes. Evol Appl 2011; 5:76-88. [PMID: 25568031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the fitness consequences of introgression of fast-growing domesticated fish into a wild population. Fry from wild and domesticated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) crosses, F1 hybrids, and first- and second-generation backcrosses were released into two natural lakes. Parentage analysis using microsatellite loci facilitated the identification of survivors, so fitness was estimated in nature from the first-feeding stage. Results indicated that under certain conditions, domesticated fish survived at least as well as wild fish within the same environment. Relative growth and survival of the crosses, however, were highly dependent on environment. During the first summer, fastest-growing crosses had the highest survival, but this trend was reversed after one winter and another summer. Although the F1 hybrids showed evidence of outbreeding depression because of the disruption of local adaptation, there was little evidence of outbreeding depression in the backcrosses, and the second-generation backcrosses exhibited a wild-type phenotype. This information is relevant for assessing the multigenerational risk of escaped or released domesticated fish should they successfully interbreed with wild populations and provides information on how to minimize detrimental impacts of a conservation breeding and/or management programme. These data also further understanding of the selection pressures in nature that maintain submaximal rates of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Vandersteen
- Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, Fisheries & Oceans Canada West Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pete Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Vic., Australia
| | - Les Harris
- Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, Fisheries & Oceans Canada West Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Fisheries & Oceans Canada Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert Devlin
- Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, Fisheries & Oceans Canada West Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kraus U, Breitner S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Cyrys J, Lanki T, Rückerl R, Schneider A, Brüske I, Gu J, Devlin R, Wichmann HE, Zimmermann R, Peters A. Particle-associated organic compounds and symptoms in myocardial infarction survivors. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:431-47. [PMID: 21639711 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.580471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The aerosol components responsible for the adverse health effects of the exposure to particulate matter (PM) have not been conclusively identified, and there is especially little information on the role of particulate organic compounds (POC). OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the role of PM and POC with regard to daily symptoms. METHODS One hundred and fifty-three myocardial infarction survivors from Augsburg, Germany, recorded daily occurrence of different symptoms in winter 2003/2004. Ambient concentrations of PM with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM(2.5)), particle number concentration (PNC), PM(2.5)-bound hopanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were quantified. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations adjusting for meteorological and other time-variant confounders. RESULTS The odds for avoidance of physically demanding activities due to heart problems increased immediately associated with most POC measures (e.g. 5% per 1.08 ng/m(3) increase in benzo[a]pyrene, 95%-confidence interval (CI):1-9%) and tended to a delayed decrease. After a 2-day delayed decrease associated with hopanes, the odds for shortness of breath increased consistently after 3 days with almost all POC measures (e.g. 4% per 0.21 ng/m(3) increase in 17α(H), 21β(H)-hopane, CI: 1-8%). The odds for heart palpitations marginally increased immediately in association with PNC (8% per 8146 cm(-3) increase in PNC, CI: 0-16%). CONCLUSIONS The study showed an association between PM, particle-bound POC, and daily symptoms. The organic compounds may be causally related with cardiovascular health or act rather as indicators for traffic- and combustion-related particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Kraus
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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21
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Tymchuk W, Sakhrani D, Devlin R. Domestication causes large-scale effects on gene expression in rainbow trout: analysis of muscle, liver and brain transcriptomes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 164:175-83. [PMID: 19481085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Domestication has produced faster-growing strains of animals for use in agriculture, but selection has been applied with little knowledge of the underlying genetic changes that arose throughout the process. Mammals and birds have been domesticated for thousands of years whereas fish have been domesticated only recently; therefore, wild progenitor strains remain for comparison. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have undergone intensive selection and domesticated strains grow more rapidly than extant wild strains. To assess physiological pathways altered by domestication, whole-genome mRNA expression was measured in brain, muscle and liver of size-matched domestic and wild trout using a 16K (cGRASP) salmonid microarray. A large number of genes differed between strains, ranging from 3% of genes in brain to 9% in muscle. Domestic fish had more down-regulated genes in the brain relative to wild fish, whereas more genes were up-regulated in domestic liver and muscle. Relative to wild fish, there was a down-regulation of cell division and an up-regulation of structural genes in the brain of domestic fish. In liver from domestic fish, there was an up-regulation of genes related to transport with a down-regulation of lipid binding. Analysis of the functional categories for muscle indicated that most pathways, including pathways related to metabolism and catabolism, were up-regulated in domestic fish. Comparison of these results to other genomic studies on transgenic, domestic and wild salmonids suggests that similar physiological pathways are altered systemically to support faster rates of growth, regardless of the underlying genetic alteration that has caused the altered growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Tymchuk
- Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Küpper U, Breitner S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Cyrys J, Lanki T, Rückerl R, Schneider A, Brüske-Hohlfeld I, Devlin R, Wichmann E, Zimmermann R, Peters A. Pm2.5-Bound Organic Compounds and Cardiovascular Symptoms in Myocardial Infarction Survivors. Epidemiology 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000362270.78197.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Tam B, Small W, Devlin R, Descent C, Matukas L. P117 Identification of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pale colonies on two different selective chromogenic media. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Antoniou T, Devlin R, Gough K, Mulvey M, Katz KC, Zehtabchi M, Polsky J, Tilley D, Brunetta J, Arbess G, Guiang C, Chang B, Kovacs C, Ghavam-Rassoul A, Cavacuiti C, Corneslon B, Berger P, Loutfy MR. Prevalence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in men who have sex with men. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:180-3. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Summary Outbreaks of skin and soft tissue infections mediated by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are being reported with increasing frequency among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the potential role of asymptomatic colonization with this organism in perpetuating these infections is unclear. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of colonization with CA-MRSA among a cohort of 500 MSM recruited from two inner city clinics in Toronto, Canada. Following the provision of informed consent, subjects completed a questionnaire capturing demographic and clinical variables, which may be associated with MRSA colonization. A nasal swab for MRSA was collected from each subject, and instructions were provided regarding the self-collection of a rectal swab. Cultured MRSA underwent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and virulence testing for Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene expression. The prevalence of CA-MRSA colonization was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.5–2.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Antoniou
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario
| | - R Devlin
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto
| | - K Gough
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto
| | - M Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - K C Katz
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - D Tilley
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario
| | - J Brunetta
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | | | - B Chang
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario
| | - C Kovacs
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | | | | | | | - M R Loutfy
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario
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25
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Sun Q, Yue P, Ying Z, Cardounel AJ, Brook RD, Devlin R, Hwang JS, Zweier JL, Chen LC, Rajagopalan S. Air pollution exposure potentiates hypertension through reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of Rho/ROCK. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1760-6. [PMID: 18599801 PMCID: PMC2739008 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fine particulate matter <2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) has been implicated in vasoconstriction and potentiation of hypertension in humans. We investigated the effects of short-term exposure to PM(2.5) in the angiotensin II (AII) infusion model. METHODS AND RESULTS Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to PM(2.5) or filtered air (FA) for 10 weeks. At week 9, minipumps containing AII were implanted and the responses studied over a week. Mean concentration of PM(2.5) inside the chamber was 79.1+/-7.4 microg/m(3). After AII infusion, mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in PM(2.5)-AII versus FA-AII group. Aortic vasoconstriction to phenylephrine was potentiated with exaggerated relaxation to the Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 and increase in ROCK-1 mRNA levels in the PM(2.5)-AII group. Superoxide (O(2).(-)) production in aorta was increased in the PM(2.5)-AII compared to the FA group, inhibitable by apocynin and L-NAME with coordinate upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits p22(phox) and p47(phox) and depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin. In vitro exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) and PM(2.5) was associated with an increase in ROCK activity, phosphorylation of myosin light chain, and myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT1). Pretreatment with the nonspecific antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the Rho kinase inhibitors (Fasudil and Y-27632) prevented MLC and MYPT-1 phosphorylation by UFP suggesting a O(2)(.-)-mediated mechanism for PM(2.5) and UFP effects. CONCLUSIONS Short-term air pollution exaggerates hypertension through O(2)(.-)-mediated upregulation of the Rho/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Sun
- Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | - Peibin Yue
- Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | - Arturo J. Cardounel
- Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Robert Devlin
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Jay L. Zweier
- Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University
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26
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Prah JD, Goldstein GM, Devlin R, Otto D, Ashley D, House D, Cohen KL, Gerrity T. Sensory, Symptomatic, Inflammatory, and Ocular Responses to and the Metabolism of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether in a Controlled Human Exposure Experiment. Inhal Toxicol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08958379409003038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Jayaraj J, Devlin R, Punja Z. Metabolic engineering of novel ketocarotenoid production in carrot plants. Transgenic Res 2008; 17:489-501. [PMID: 17682834 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids constitute a vast group of pigments that are ubiquitous throughout nature. Carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots provide an important source of dietary beta-carotene (provitamin A), alpha-carotene and lutein. Ketocarotenoids, such as canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, are produced by some algae and cyanobacteria but are rare in plants. Ketocarotenoids are strong antioxidants that are chemically synthesized and used as dietary supplements and pigments in the aquaculture and neutraceutical industries. We engineered the ketocarotenoid biosynthetic pathway in carrot tissues by introducing a beta-carotene ketolase gene isolated from the alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Gene constructs were made with three promoters (double CaMV 35S, Arabidopsis-ubiquitin, and RolD from Agrobacterium rhizogenes). The pea Rubisco small sub-unit transit peptide was used to target the enzyme to plastids in leaf and root tissues. The phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) gene was used as a selectable marker. Following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, 150 plants were regenerated and grown in a glasshouse. All three promoters provided strong root expression, while the double CaMV 35S and Ubiquitin promoters also had strong leaf expression. The recombinant ketolase protein was successfully targeted to the chloroplasts and chromoplasts. Endogenous expression of carrot beta-carotene hydroxylases was up-regulated in transgenic leaves and roots, and up to 70% of total carotenoids was converted to novel ketocarotenoids, with accumulation up to 2,400 microg/g root dry weight. Astaxanthin, adonirubin, and canthaxanthin were most prevalent, followed by echinenone, adonixanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin. Our results show that carrots are suitable for biopharming ketocarotenoid production for applications to the functional food, neutraceutical and aquaculture industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Jayaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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28
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Duvall R, Norris G, Burke J, Mcgee J, Gilmour MI, Devlin R. Source Apportionment of Fine Particulate Matter in the United States and Associations With Lung Inflammatory Markers IL-8, COX-2, and HO-1. Epidemiology 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Wiertz EJ, Devlin R, Collins HL, Ressing ME. Herpesvirus interference with major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T-cell activation. J Virol 2006; 81:4389-96. [PMID: 17079308 PMCID: PMC1900142 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01525-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Wiertz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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30
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Salaripour M, McKernan P, Devlin R. Evaluation of a Hospital-Wide Infection Prevention & Control Certification Program: Increasing the Quality Limits for Patient Safety and Staff Satisfaction. Am J Infect Control 2006. [PMCID: PMC7135584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Infection Conrol (IC) certification on confidence and comfort level of the health care workers. METHODS: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Outbreak highlighted the significance of formal training in IC practical aspects as well as the development and publication of standards. Minor errors in the use of personal protective equipment were identified as sources of contamination of Health Care Workers' to SARS CoV. Our hospital's policy mandated that all staff, be certified in IC practices through a competency based educational program. A multi-disciplinary educational module, derived from a SARS specific model used to educate the SARS designated care team; was developed. Essential components included basic IC principles, specimen collection, use of protective clothing, high risk procedures, modified protocols for ventilator management and oxygen/aerosol therapy, transportation and care of equipment and the environment. Competency checklists for each module were developed. Education was customized, depending on the potential risk of exposure. A train the trainer model with direct involvement of the Infection Control Practitioners (ICP)disseminated the program hospital-wide. • A self-directed learning package including a video demonstration of application and removal of the Personal Protective attire was developed for the physicians. RESULTS: Evaluation of staff satisfaction indicated an average staff satisfaction of 98.3% with the pace and content of the sessions and also increased staff confidence while caring for patients in isolation. The result of a survey demonstrated a significant association between the level of confidence and comfort in providing patient care and certification among the two groups of staff (certified versus non- certified, p < 0.001). ∗There was no nosocomial spread of SARS in our hospital, despite the admission of 5 confirmed cases and 27 patients that met the SARS case definitions. CONCLUSIONS: The program was highly successful in preventing the spread of SARS within the institution and easing staff's anxiety.Evaluations of the program participant using a RxC statistical analyses |
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| Received Competency based certification | Did not receive Competency based certification | Very confident | 48 (72.7%) | 29 (35.8%) | Somewhat confident | 16 (24.2%) | 43 (53.1%) | Not Confident | 2 (3.0%) | 9 (11.1%) | Total | 66 | 81 |
∗IC Education must be a mandatory and frequent part of the training for medical and paramedical programs with commitment and support from internal and external stakeholders. ∗Directives and policies must have an implementation and a role out plan. ∗There is a need to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and retension level of the competency based program. ∗Ratio/bed of ICPs must be re-evaluated based on the new demands of the field.
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31
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Aufderheide M, Costa DL, Devlin R, Feron V, Harkema JR, Hayashi Y, Pauluhn J, Spielmann H. Experimental Assessment of the Toxicological Effects of Inhaled Complex Mixtures on the Respiratory System, 23-25 April 2005, Barcelona, Spain. Summary and conclusions of the review committee. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2005; 57 Suppl 1:239-43. [PMID: 16092732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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32
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Yeatts K, Svendsen E, Creason J, Williams R, Alexis N, Bromberg P, Neas L, Devlin R, Cascio W, Peden D. 129: Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter Associated with Hematologic Factors in Adult Asthmatic. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Yeatts
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - E Svendsen
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - J Creason
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - R Williams
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - N Alexis
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - P Bromberg
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - L Neas
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - R Devlin
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - W Cascio
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - D Peden
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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33
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Eales JG, Devlin R, Higgs DA, McLeese JM, Oakes JD, Plohman J. Thyroid function in growth-hormone-transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). CAN J ZOOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/z04-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We measured growth rate, plasma thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations, and liver and whole-brain T4 and T3 deiodination activities in yearling non-transgenic coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792), fed a satiation ration (NTS) and in growth-hormone (GH)-transgenic salmon fed for 63 d with either a satiation ration (TS) or pair-fed the satiation ration consumed by NTS fish (TNT). Daily feed intake and specific growth rate for TS fish were significantly enhanced and approximately double those for TNT and NTS fish. There were no differences among groups in plasma T4 concentration or liver T4 outer-ring deiodination activity, but for both TS and TNT fish, plasma T3 concentrations were higher and liver T4 and T3 inner-ring deiodination activities were lower than for NTS fish. Whole-brain deiodination activities did not differ between TS and NTS fish. We conclude that the elevated plasma T3 concentrations of GH-transgenic salmon neither are driven by elevated plasma T4 concentrations nor are they the result of increased hepatic conversion of T4 to T3 by outer-ring deiodination. Instead they can be explained, at least in part, by reduced hepatic degradation of T3 to 3,3'-diiodothyronine by inner-ring deiodination. These changes in T4 and T3 metabolism are tightly linked to the GH-transgenic state and not to food intake or growth rate.
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Alexis NE, Becker S, Bromberg PA, Devlin R, Peden DB. Circulating CD11b expression correlates with the neutrophil response and airway mCD14 expression is enhanced following ozone exposure in humans. Clin Immunol 2004; 111:126-31. [PMID: 15093561 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that baseline expression of circulating CD11b is associated with the magnitude of the neutrophil response following inhaled endotoxin. In this study, we examined whether circulating CD11b plays a similar role in the inflammatory response following inhaled ozone exposure. Twenty-two volunteers underwent controlled exposure to ozone (0.4 ppm, 2 h) and to clean air on two separate occasions. Induced sputum and peripheral blood were collected before and after exposure. Induced sputum collected from subjects exposed to ozone revealed marked neutrophilia and increased expression of mCD14 on airway macrophages and monocytes. Baseline CD11b expression on blood phagocytes correlated positively with ozone-induced neutrophil influx into the airways. In conclusion, in human volunteers, circulating CD11b predicts the magnitude of the airway neutrophil response following inhaled ozone exposure. Consequently, CD11b may be a useful biomarker for predicting susceptibility to airway neutrophilic inflammation caused by pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E Alexis
- National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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35
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Riediker M, Williams R, Devlin R, Griggs T, Bromberg P. Exposure to particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and other air pollutants inside patrol cars. Environ Sci Technol 2003; 37:2084-2093. [PMID: 12785511 DOI: 10.1021/es026264y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
People driving in a vehicle might receive an enhanced dose of mobile source pollutants that are considered a potential risk for cardiovascular diseases. The exposure to components of air pollution in highway patrol vehicles, at an ambient, and a roadside location was determined during 25 work shifts (3 p.m. to midnight) in the autumn of 2001, each day with two cars. A global positioning system and a diary provided location and activity information. Average pollutant levels inside the cars were low compared to ambient air quality standards: carbon monoxide 2.7 ppm, nitrogen dioxide 41.7 microg/m3, ozone 11.7 ppb, particulate matter smaller 2.5 microm (PM2.5) 24 microg/m3. Volatile organic compounds inside the cars were in the ppb-range and showed the fingerprint of gasoline. PM2.5 was 24% lower than ambient and roadside levels, probably due to depositions associated with the recirculating air conditioning. Levels of carbon monoxide, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and some metals (Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Sr) were highest in the cars, and roadside levels were higher than ambient levels. Elevated pollutant levels were related to locations with high traffic volumes. Our results point to combustion engine emissions from other vehicles as important sources of air pollutants inside the car.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riediker
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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36
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Farhat SE, Thibault M, Devlin R. Efficacy of a swab transport system in maintaining viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:2958-60. [PMID: 11474021 PMCID: PMC88268 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.8.2958-2960.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of swab transport systems in maintaining viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumoniae is crucial both for establishing definitive diagnosis and for monitoring emerging resistance. We tested the efficacy of a newly modified Amies charcoal swab transport system, the StarSwab SP131X (Starplex Scientific, Inc., Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada), by using a combined total of 31 clinical and American Type Culture Collection stock reference strains of N. gonorrhoeae and S. pneumoniae in 46 suspensions of concentrations ranging from 10(5) to 10(8) CFU/ml. Triplicate swabs per strain held at room temperature for 0, 24, and 48 h were plated without prior vortexing, and their growths were graded. All 31 strains were viable at 0 and 24 h. Gonococcal viability at 48 h varied considerably, even among strains with comparable inoculum sizes, suggesting that viability might be strain dependent and confirming the different structural and growth profiles of gonococcal strains. S. pneumoniae strains showed consistent viability, with all strains recovered at all holding periods. This study demonstrates that the StarSwab SP131X is capable of maintaining the viability of N. gonorrhoeae and S. pneumoniae for at least 24 and 48 h, respectively, and reinforces the need for adequate sampling and for timely processing of specimens to maintain optimum performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Farhat
- Department of Microbiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4Y 1J6, Canada.
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37
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Delgado R, Calderón-Garcidueñas A, Meneses A, Ruiz LM, De La Garza J, Acuna H, Villarreal-Calderón A, Raab-Traub N, Devlin R. Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: a series of 256 patients in Mexico City and Monterrey. Is air pollution the missing link? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 122:499-508. [PMID: 10740168 DOI: 10.1067/mhn.2000.103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious health problem in major cities in Mexico. The concentrations of monitored criteria pollutants have been above the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards for the last decade. To determine whether the number of primary malignant nasal and paranasal neoplasms has increased, we surveyed 256 such cases admitted to a major adult oncology hospital located in metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) for the period from 1976-1997 and to a tertiary hospital in Monterrey, an industrial city, for the period from 1993-1998. The clinical histories and histopathologic material were reviewed, and a brief clinical summary was written for each case. In the MMC hospital the number of newly diagnosed nasal and paranasal neoplasms per year for the period from 1976-1986 averaged 5.1, whereas for the next 11 years it increased to 12.5. The maximal increase was observed in 1995-1997, with an average of 20.3 new cases per year (P = 0.0006). The predominant neoplasms in these series were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, adenocarcinoma, Schneiderian carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the Monterrey hospital a 2-fold increase in the numbers of newly diagnosed nasal and paranasal neoplasms was recorded between 1993 and 1998. The predominant MMC neoplasm in this series, namely nasal T-cell/natural killer cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is potentially Epstein-Barr virus related. Nasal and paranasal malignant neoplasms are generally rare. Environmental causative factors include exposure in industries such as nickel refining, leather, and wood furniture manufacturing. Although epidemiologic studies have not addressed the relationship between outdoor air pollution and sinonasal malignant neoplasms, there is strong evidence for the nasal and paranasal carcinogenic effect of occupational aerosol complex chemical mixtures. General practitioners and ear, nose, and throat physicians working in highly polluted cities should be aware of the clinical presentations of these patients. Identification of this apparent increase in sinonasal malignant neoplasms in two urban Mexican polluted cities warrants further mechanistic and epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Devlin R. The write stuff. Nurs Times 1999; 95:26, 28. [PMID: 11096925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Reddy S, Devlin R, Menaa C, Nishimura R, Choi SJ, Dallas M, Yoneda T, Roodman GD. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding a novel peptide (OSF) that enhances osteoclast formation and bone resorption. J Cell Physiol 1998; 177:636-45. [PMID: 10092216 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199812)177:4<636::aid-jcp14>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Using an expression cloning approach, we identified and cloned a novel intracellular protein produced by osteoclasts that indirectly induces osteoclast formation and bone resorption, termed OSF. Conditioned media from 293 cells transiently transfected with the 0.9 kb OSF cDNA clone stimulated osteoclast-like cell formation in both human and murine marrow cultures in the presence or absence 10(-9) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In addition, conditioned media from 293 cells transfected with the OSF cDNA clone enhanced the stimulatory effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on bone resorption in the fetal rat long bone assay. In situ hybridization studies using antisense oligomers showed expression of OSF mRNA in highly purified osteoclast-like cells from human giant cell tumors of the bone. Northern blot analysis demonstrated ubiquitous expression of a 1.3 kb mRNA that encodes OSF in multiple human tissues. Sequence analysis showed the OSF cDNA encoded a 28 kD peptide that contains a c-Src homology 3 domain (SH3) and ankyrin repeats, suggesting that it was not a secreted protein, but that it was potentially involved in cell signaling. Consistent with these data, immunoblot analysis using rabbit antisera against recombinant OSF demonstrated OSF expression in cell lysates but not in the culture media. Furthermore, recombinant OSF had a high affinity for c-Src, an important regulator of osteoclast activity. Taken together, these data suggest that OSF is a novel intracellular protein that indirectly enhances osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption through the cellular signal transduction cascade, possibly through its interactions with c-Src or other Src-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reddy
- Department of Medicine/Hematology/Endocrinology, the Veterans Administration Medical Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
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Hentunen TA, Reddy SV, Boyce BF, Devlin R, Park HR, Chung H, Selander KS, Dallas M, Kurihara N, Galson DL, Goldring SR, Koop BA, Windle JJ, Roodman GD. Immortalization of osteoclast precursors by targeting Bcl -XL and Simian virus 40 large T antigen to the osteoclast lineage in transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:88-97. [PMID: 9649561 PMCID: PMC509069 DOI: 10.1172/jci2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and molecular characterization of osteoclasts (OCL) has been extremely difficult since OCL are rare cells, and are difficult to isolate in large numbers. We used the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase promoter to target the bcl-XL and/or Simian Virus 40 large T antigen (Tag) genes to cells in the OCL lineage in transgenic mice as a means of immortalizing OCL precursors. Immunocytochemical studies confirmed that we had targeted Bcl-XL and/or Tag to OCL, and transformed and mitotic OCL were readily apparent in bones from both Tag and bcl-XL/Tag mice. OCL formation in primary bone marrow cultures from bcl-XL, Tag, or bcl-XL/Tag mice was twofold greater compared with that of nontransgenic littermates. Bone marrow cells from bcl-XL/Tag mice, but not from singly transgenic bcl-XL or Tag mice, have survived in continuous culture for more than a year. These cells form high numbers of bone-resorbing OCL when cultured using standard conditions for inducing OCL formation, with approximately 50% of the mononuclear cells incorporated into OCL. The OCL that form express calcitonin receptors and contract in response to calcitonin. Studies examining the proliferative capacity and the resistance of OCL precursors from these transgenic mice to apoptosis demonstrated that the increased numbers of OCL precursors in marrow from bcl-XL/Tag mice was due to their increased survival rather than an increased proliferative capacity compared with Tag, bcl-XL, or normal mice. Histomorphometric studies of bones from bcl-XL/Tag mice also confirmed that there were increased numbers of OCL precursors (TRAP + mononuclear cells) present in vivo. These data demonstrate that by targeting both bcl-XL and Tag to cells in the OCL lineage, we have immortalized OCL precursors that form bone-resorbing OCL with an efficiency that is 300-500 times greater than that of normal marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Hentunen
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA
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41
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Peden DB, Boehlecke B, Horstman D, Devlin R. Prolonged acute exposure to 0.16 ppm ozone induces eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic subjects with allergies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100:802-8. [PMID: 9438490 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased ambient ozone levels have been associated with increased asthma morbidity in epidemiologic studies. Given that asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and increased sensitivity to airway irritants, it has been suggested that asthmatic subjects may be particularly sensitive to the effect of ozone. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to 0.16 ppm ozone induces eosinophilic inflammation in the lower airways of asthmatic subjects. METHODS Eight asthmatic subjects sensitive to mites were exposed to 0.16 ppm ozone and clean air on separate occasions no less than 4 weeks apart in a double-blind, randomized fashion followed by bronchoscopy 18 hours later. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial lavage fluid were examined for eosinophils. RESULTS Ozone induced significant increases in airway eosinophils, especially in bronchial lavage fluid. CONCLUSIONS Ozone exposure results in increased eosinophilic inflammation in the lower airways of asthmatic subjects with allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-73210, USA
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42
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Cohen MD, Becker S, Devlin R, Schlesinger RB, Zelikoff JT. Effects of vanadium upon polyl:C-induced responses in rat lung and alveolar macrophages. J Toxicol Environ Health 1997; 51:591-608. [PMID: 9242230 DOI: 10.1080/00984109708984046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hosts exposed to vanadium (V) display a subsequent decrease in their resistance to infectious microorganisms. Our earlier studies with rats inhaling occupationally relevant levels of V (as, ammonium metavanadate, NH4VO3) indicated that several nascent/inducible functions of pulmonary macrophages (PAM) were reduced. In the present study, V-exposed rats were examined to determine whether some of the same effects might also occur in situ. Rats were exposed nose-only to air or 2 mg V/m3 (as NH4VO3) for 8 h/d for 4 d, followed, 24 h later, by intratracheal (it) instillation of polyinosinic:polycytidilic acid (polyl:C) or saline. Analysis of lavaged lung cells/fluids after polyl:C instillation indicated that total lavageable cell/neutrophil numbers and protein levels, while significantly elevated in both exposure groups (as well as in saline-treated V-exposed rats), were always greater in V-exposed hosts. Exposure to V also affected the inducible production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma), but apparently not that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) or IL-1. Although polyl:C induced significant increases in lavage fluid IL-6 and IFN gamma levels in both exposure groups, levels were greater in V-exposed rats. If calculated with respect to total lavaged protein, however, V-exposed rats produced significantly less cytokine. Following polyl:C instillation, there were no marked exposure-related differences in basal or stimulated superoxide anion production by pooled lavaged cells or PAM specifically. With V-exposed rats, pooled cells recovered 24 h after saline instillation displayed reduced production (in both cases) compared to the air control cells; PAM-specific production was affected only after stimulation. In both exposure groups, polyl:C caused decreased superoxide production in recovered cells. Though less apparent with pooled cells, there was a time post polyl:C instillation-dependent decrease in stimulated PAM-specific superoxide production; this effect was greater in PAM from V-exposed rats than in PAM from air controls. Phagocytic activity of PAM from rats in both exposure groups was significantly increased by polyl:C instillation, although total activity in cells obtained from V-exposed rats was always significantly lower compared to air control cells. Our results indicate that short-term, repeated inhalation of occupationally relevant levels of V by rats modulates pulmonary immunocompetence. Modified cytokine production and PAM functionality in response to biological response modifiers (such as lipopolysaccharide, IFN gamma, or polyl:C) may be, at least in part, responsible for the increases in bronchopulmonary disease in humans occupationally exposed to V.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Cohen
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York 10987, USA.
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McGeer A, Low D, Conly J, Campbell I, Devlin R, Simor A, Gregson D. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ontario. Can Commun Dis Rep 1997; 23:45-6. [PMID: 9094793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A McGeer
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital
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44
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Lee JG, Madden MC, Reed W, Adler K, Devlin R. The Use of the single cell gel electrophoresis assay in detecting DNAsingle strand breaks in lung cells in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0041-008x(96)80025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Lee JG, Madden MC, Reed W, Adler K, Devlin R. The use of the single cell gel electrophoresis assay in detecting DNA single strand breaks in lung cells in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996; 141:195-204. [PMID: 8917692 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1996.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA single strand breaks (SSB) can be used as a biomarker of oxidant exposure, and also as an indicator of the carcinogenicity/ mutagenicity of a substance. The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay is more sensitive and requires fewer cells compared to other techniques used for detecting SSB. We examined the utility of using the SCGE assay for human lung cells exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. A human bronchial cell line (BEAS) was used as a model of airway epithelial cells in this study. BEAS cells exposed to 0-50 microM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 60 min at 4 degrees C exhibited a concentration-dependent increase in SSB as determined by an increased DNA migration area in a gel undergoing electrophoresis. H2O2-induced increases in DNA SSB were also demonstrated using cultured normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and human alveolar macrophages in a concentration response manner. BEAS cells were also exposed to air or ozone (O3) on a Transwell filter without medium present apically. Cells exposed to O3 at 0.1 or 0.4 ppm at 37 degrees C for up 120 min had a time- and concentration-dependent increase in SSB compared to air-exposed cells. NHBE cells exposed to 0.4 ppm O3 (60 min) also had increased DNA SSB. Cells with H2O2-induced DNA SSB can be frozen and stored up to 4 weeks without altering the original DNA SSB. These findings indicate that SCGE can be used to detect SSB in cultured lung cells, and has applicability for detecting SSB in lung cells recovered from in vivo and in vitro exposures to oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Lee
- Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7315, USA
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46
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Hazucha MJ, Madden M, Pape G, Becker S, Devlin R, Koren HS, Kehrl H, Bromberg PA. Effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on ozone-induced respiratory inflammation and lung function changes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996; 73:17-27. [PMID: 8861665 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of O3 causes airways neutrophilic inflammation accompanied by other changes including increased levels of cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Ozone O3 exposure also causes decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume after 1 s (FEV(1)), associated with cough and substernal pain on inspiration, and small increases in specific airway resistance (SRAW). The spirometric decrements are substantially blunted by pretreatment with indomethacin. Since the O3-induced decrement in FVC is due to involuntary inhibition of inspiration, a role for stimulation of nociceptive respiratory tract afferents has been suggested and cyclo-oxygenase products have been hypothesized to mediate this stimulation. However, the relation (if any) between the O3-induced neutrophilic airways inflammation and decreased inspiratory capacity remains unclear. We studied the effects of pharmacologic inhibition of O3-induced spirometric changes on the inflammatory changes. Each of ten healthy men was exposed twice (5-week interval) to 0.4 ppm O3 for 2 h, including 1 h of intermittent exercise (ventilation 601*min(-1)). One-and-a-half hours prior to and midway during each exposure the subject ingested 800 mg and 200 mg, respectively, of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBU), or placebo [PLA (sucrose)], in randomized, double-blind fashion. Spirometry and body plethysmography were performed prior to drug administration, and before and after O3 exposure. Immediately following postexposure testing, fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. Neither IBU nor PLA administration changed pre-exposure lung function. O3 exposure (with PLA) caused a significant 17 percent mean decrement in FEV(1) (P <0.01) and a 56 percent increase in mean SRAW. Following IBU pretreatment, O3 exposure induced a significantly lesser mean decrement in FEV(1) (7 percent) but still a 50 percent increase in mean SRAW. IBU pretreatment significantly decreased post-O3 BAL levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by 60.4 percent (P <0.05) and thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) by 25.5 percent (P <0.05). Of the proteins, only interleukin-6 was significantly reduced (45 percent, P <0.05) by IBU as compared to PLA pretreatment. As expected, O3 exposure produced neutrophilia in BALF. There was, however, no effect of IBU on this finding. None of the major cell types in the BALF differed significantly between pretreatments. We found no association between post-exposure changes of BALF components and pulmonary function decrements. We conclude that IBU causes significant inhibition of O3-induced increases in respiratory tract PGE(2) and TxB(2) levels concomitant with a blunting of the spirometric response. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the products of AA metabolism mediate inhibition of inspiration. However, IBU did not alter the modest SRAW response to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hazucha
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7310, USA
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47
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Bartlett RJ, Hill CA, Devlin R, Gardiner ED. Two-dimensional MRI at 1.5 and 0.5 T versus CT myelography in the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. Neuroradiology 1996; 38:142-7. [PMID: 8692425 DOI: 10.1007/bf00604801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A prospective comparison was made of standard two-dimensional MRI sequences, at both high and midfield strength, with CT myelography in 23 patients with cervical spondylosis. MRI is adequate for assessment of cord compression, where high field strength is superior to midfield strength. MRI using 4-mm sections is inadequate for presurgical assessment of root compression. It remains to be proven whether thin-section white-CSF volume sequences or gadolinium-enhanced volume studies can replace CT myelography.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bartlett
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hull Hospitals, Hull, UK
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48
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Boyce BF, Wright K, Reddy SV, Koop BA, Story B, Devlin R, Leach RJ, Roodman GD, Windle JJ. Targeting simian virus 40 T antigen to the osteoclast in transgenic mice causes osteoclast tumors and transformation and apoptosis of osteoclasts. Endocrinology 1995; 136:5751-9. [PMID: 7588333 DOI: 10.1210/endo.136.12.7588333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are terminally differentiated cells that express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) at a higher level than other normal cells. Therefore, in an attempt to develop immortalized osteoclasts, we produced two lines of transgenic mice in which expression of the simian virus 40 T antigen oncogene was targeted to osteoclasts using the TRAP gene promoter. Osteoclasts were increased in number in bones from both lines. More than 50% of them appeared morphologically transformed, 2-5% were mitotic, but, unexpectedly, 5% were apoptotic. Osteoclast tumors were observed occasionally in one line of mice (line 4), and sheets of TRAP-positive cells (tumorlets) developed in most mice in both lines. Although cells isolated from these tumorlets formed multinucleated TRAP-positive cells that resorbed bone in vitro, to date we have been unable to develop an immortalized osteoclast cell line from them. Osteoclasts from one line (line 5) had reduced ruffled border formation and a higher level of T-antigen expression than osteoclasts in the other line (line 4), and these features were associated with the presence of osteopetrosis. However, osteoclasts from these osteopetrotic mice and from line 4 mice resorbed bone normally when the mice were treated with interleukin-1. These findings indicate that T antigen can be targeted to osteoclasts in transgenic mice and causes osteoclast transformation, tumors, mitosis, and apoptosis. When T antigen is expressed at high levels, functional impairment of osteoclasts can be detected. Furthermore, these results suggest that T antigen is insufficient on its own to immortalize cells in the osteoclast lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Boyce
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284, USA
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49
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Takahashi S, Reddy SV, Dallas M, Devlin R, Chou JY, Roodman GD. Development and characterization of a human marrow stromal cell line that enhances osteoclast-like cell formation. Endocrinology 1995; 136:1441-9. [PMID: 7534699 DOI: 10.1210/endo.136.4.7534699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We established a human bone marrow stromal cell line (Saka) by infecting marrow adherent cells from semisolid marrow cultures with a recombinant simian virus-40 (SV40) virus. The cells expressed SV40 large tumor antigen, had a fibroblast-like shape, and expressed fibronectin and vimentin. They did not contain detectable alkaline phosphatase activity; express myeloid, lymphoid, or factor VIII-associated antigens; or develop adipocyte-like characteristics with dexamethasone treatment. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of Saka cell RNA detected expression of messenger RNAs for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 beta, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. Coculture of Saka cells with human marrow mononuclear cells enhanced formation of osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNC) in long term human bone marrow cultures. These MNC expressed calcitonin receptors and formed resorption lacunae on dentine. In contrast, coculture of marrow mononuclear cells with other SV40-transformed human marrow stromal cell lines did not increase MNC formation. Conditioned medium from Saka cells or coculture of bone marrow and Saka cells separated by a Millipore membrane did not enhance MNC formation. Addition of a neutralizing antibody to IL-6 or IL-1 beta blocked the effects of Saka cells on MNC formation. These results suggest that marrow stromal cells enhance osteoclast formation in part through direct cell to cell contact and production of IL-6 and/or IL-1 beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Audie Murphy Veterans Administration Hospital, San Antonio, Texas 78284
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50
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Takahashi S, Reddy SV, Chirgwin JM, Devlin R, Haipek C, Anderson J, Roodman GD. Cloning and identification of annexin II as an autocrine/paracrine factor that increases osteoclast formation and bone resorption. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:28696-701. [PMID: 7961821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autocrine products of osteoclasts such as interleukin-6 may play an important role in normal osteoclast formation and activity. To identify novel stimulatory factors for osteoclasts, we have prepared a mammalian cDNA expression library generated from highly purified human osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNC) formed in long term bone marrow cultures and screened this library for autocrine factors that enhance MNC formation. A candidate clone which stimulated MNC formation was isolated. Sequence analysis showed that this cDNA encoded annexin II (AXII). Purified recombinant AXII significantly increased MNC formation in human bone marrow cultures in the absence of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 and enhanced MNC formation in mouse bone marrow cultures treated with 10(-9) M 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3. The enhanced MNC formation in murine marrow cultures resulted in increased bone resorption. Treatment of fetal rat long bones with AXII and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 significantly increased bone resorption compared to 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 alone. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that AXII mRNA was expressed at high levels in RNA isolated from highly purified giant cells from osteoclastomas, human osteoclast-like MNC, and pagetic bone. Western blot analysis of conditioned media collected from human marrow cultures showed that AXII was present in the media. Furthermore, approximately 50% of total AXII produced by cells transfected with AXII cDNA was present in the conditioned media. These data suggest that the AXII is an autocrine factor that enhances osteoclast formation and bone resorption and demonstrate a previous unknown function for AXII.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Endocrinology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
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