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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Asghar M, Odeh A, Fattahi AJ, Henriksson AE, Miglar A, Khosousi S, Svenningsson P. Mitochondrial biogenesis, telomere length and cellular senescence in Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17578. [PMID: 36266468 PMCID: PMC9584960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive age is the single major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular aging markers during Parkinson's disease (PD) have been implicated in previous studies, however the majority of studies have investigated the association of individual cellular aging hallmarks with PD but not jointly. Here, we have studied the association of PD with three aging hallmarks (telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence) in blood and the brain tissue. Our results show that PD patients had 20% lower mitochondrial DNA copies but 26% longer telomeres in blood compared to controls. Moreover, telomere length in blood was positively correlated with medication (Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose, LEDD) and disease duration. Similar results were found in brain tissue, where patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) showed (46-95%) depleted mtDNA copies, but (7-9%) longer telomeres compared to controls. In addition, patients had lower mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and PGC-1β) and higher load of a cellular senescence marker in postmortem prefrontal cortex tissue, with DLB showing the highest effect among the patient groups. Our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction (copy number and biogenesis) in blood might be a valuable marker to assess the risk of PD. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to evaluate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asghar
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.465198.7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Amani Odeh
- grid.465198.7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ahmad Jouni Fattahi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Edwards Henriksson
- grid.465198.7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Aurelie Miglar
- grid.465198.7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shervin Khosousi
- grid.465198.7Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Basal and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Per Svenningsson
- grid.465198.7Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Basal and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
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Xu P, Jia M, Yan J, Yuan X, Yu W, Zhou Z, Fang H, Gao F, Shen L. Determining Mitochondrial 3243A>G Heteroplasmy Using an ARMS-ddPCR Strategy. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:664-677. [PMID: 34698344 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) A-to-G substitution at nucleotide 3243 (m.3243A>G) heteroplasmy is essential for both precision diagnosis of m.3243A>G-associated mitochondrial disease and genetic counseling. Precise determination of m.3243A>G heteroplasmy is challenging, however, without appropriate strategies to accommodate heteroplasmic levels ranging from 1% to 100% in samples carrying thousands to millions of mtDNA copies. METHODS We used a combined strategy of amplification-refractory mutation system-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to determine m.3243A>G heteroplasmy. Primers were specifically designed and screened for both ARMS-qPCR and ddPCR to determine m.3243A>G heteroplasmy. An optimized ARMS-qPCR-ddPCR-based strategy was established using artificial standards, with different mixtures of m.3243A-containing and m.3243G-containing plasmids and further tested using clinical samples containing the m.3243A>G mutation. RESULTS One of 20 primer pairs designed in the study was omitted for ARMS-qPCR-ddPCR strategy application according to criteria of 85% to 110%, R2> 0.98 amplification efficiency, melt curve with a single clear peak, and specificity for m.3243A and m.3243G artificial standards (|CtWt-CtMut|max). Using plasmid standards with various m.3243A>G heteroplasmy (1%-100%) at low, mid, and high copy numbers (3,000, 104, and 105-107, respectively) and DNA from the blood of 20 patients carrying m.3243A>G with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, we found that ARMS-qPCR was reliable for determining m.3243A>G at 3% to 100% for low copy number and 1% to 100% for mid to high copy number samples. Meanwhile, ddPCR was reliable for determining m.3243A>G at 1% to 100% at low to mid copy number samples. CONCLUSIONS An ARMS-qPCR-ddPCR-based strategy was successfully established for precise determination of m.3243A>G heteroplasmy in complex clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xu
- Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Manli Jia
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jimei Yan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangshu Yuan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Liu S, Pei P, Li L, Wu H, Zheng X, Wang S, Xiao Y, Pan H, Bao X, Qi Y, Ma Y. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Rett Syndrome Caused by Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein-2 Variants. J Pediatr 2022; 241:154-161. [PMID: 34619114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in peripheral blood in Rett syndrome caused by methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MECP2) variants and explore the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in Rett syndrome. STUDY DESIGN Female patients who were diagnosed with Rett syndrome and had an MECP2 variant (n = 142) were recruited in this study, along with the same number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. MtDNA copy number was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. The differences in mtDNA copy number between the Rett syndrome group and the control group were analyzed using the independent-samples t test. Linear regression, biserial correlation analysis, and one-way ANOVA were applied for the correlations between mtDNA copy number and age, clinical severity, variant types, functional domains, and hot-spot variants. RESULTS MtDNA copy number was found to be significantly increased in the patients with Rett syndrome with MECP2 gene variants compared with the control subjects. Age, clinical severity, variant types, functional domains, and hot-spot variants were not related to mtDNA copy number in patients with Rett syndrome. CONCLUSIONS MtDNA copy number is increased significantly in patients with Rett syndrome, suggesting that changes in mitochondrial function in Rett syndrome trigger a compensatory increase in mtDNA copy number and providing new possibilities for treating Rett syndrome, such as mitochondria-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hairong Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zheng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Chung JK, Ahn YM, Kim SA, Joo EJ. Differences in mitochondrial DNA copy number between patients with bipolar I and II disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 145:325-333. [PMID: 33190840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism. Genetic, postmortem brain, and brain imaging studies of bipolar disorder (BD) patients indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction might explain BD pathophysiology. Mitochondrial function can be indirectly evaluated by measuring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers. We recruited 186 bipolar I disorder (BD1) and 95 bipolar II disorder (BD2) patients, and age- and sex-matched controls. MtDNA copy numbers in peripheral blood cells were measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We explored parameters (including age and clinical features) that might affect mtDNA copy numbers. We found that BD1 patients had a lower mtDNA copy number than controls and that mtDNA copy number was negatively associated with the number of mood episodes. BD2 patients had a higher mtDNA copy number than controls. Thus, changes in mitochondrial function may influence BD pathophysiology. The opposite directions of the association with mtDNA copy number in BD1 and BD2 patients suggests that the difference in pathophysiology may be associated with mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eumsung-somang Hospital, Eumsung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Blood biomarkers for assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction: An expert review. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:187-204. [PMID: 34740866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is the known cause of primary mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial dysfunction is often difficult to measure and prove, especially when biopsies of affected tissue are not available. In order to identify blood biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction, we reviewed studies that measured blood biomarkers in genetically, clinically or biochemically confirmed primary mitochondrial disease patients. In this way, we were certain that there was an underlying mitochondrial dysfunction which could validate the biomarker. We found biomarkers of three classes: 1) functional markers measured in blood cells, 2) biochemical markers of serum/plasma and 3) DNA markers. While none of the reviewed single biomarkers may perfectly reveal all underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, combining biomarkers that cover different aspects of mitochondrial impairment probably is a good strategy. This biomarker panel may assist in the diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disease patients. As mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of multifactorial disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma, the panel may serve to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in complex multifactorial diseases as well and enable selection of patients who could benefit from therapies targeting mitochondria.
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McCastlain K, Howell CR, Welsh CE, Wang Z, Wilson CL, Mulder HL, Easton J, Mertens AC, Zhang J, Yasui Y, Hudson MM, Robison LL, Kundu M, Ness KK. The Association of Mitochondrial Copy Number With Sarcopenia in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1570-1580. [PMID: 33871611 PMCID: PMC8562958 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult childhood cancer survivors are at risk for frailty, including low muscle mass and weakness (sarcopenia). Using peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) as a proxy for functional mitochondria, this study describes cross-sectional associations between mtDNAcn and sarcopenia among survivors. METHODS Among 1762 adult childhood cancer survivors (51.6% male; median age = 29.4 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 23.3-36.8), with a median of 20.6 years from diagnosis (IQR = 15.2-28.2), mtDNAcn estimates were derived from whole-genome sequencing. A subset was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and evaluated cross-sectionally using multivariable logistic regression for their association with sarcopenia, defined by race-, age-, and sex-specific low lean muscle mass or weak grip strength. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia was 27.0%, higher among female than male survivors (31.5% vs 22.9%; P < .001) and associated with age at diagnosis; 51.7% of survivors with sarcopenia were diagnosed ages 4-13 years (P = .01). Sarcopenia was most prevalent (39.0%) among central nervous system tumor survivors. Cranial radiation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32 to 2.59) and alkylating agents (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.72) increased, whereas glucocorticoids decreased odds (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.93) of sarcopenia. mtDNAcn decreased with age (β = -0.81, P = .002) and was higher among female survivors (β = 9.23, P = .01) and among survivors with a C allele at mt.204 (β = -17.9, P = .02). In adjusted models, every standard deviation decrease in mtDNAcn increased the odds of sarcopenia 20% (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.34). CONCLUSIONS A growing body of evidence supports peripheral blood mtDNAcn as a biomarker for adverse health outcomes; however, this study is the first to report an association between mtDNAcn and sarcopenia among childhood cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly McCastlain
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Carrie R Howell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Catherine E Welsh
- Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Carmen L Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather L Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ann C Mertens
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Emerging methods for and novel insights gained by absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and its clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107995. [PMID: 34592204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past thirty years have seen a surge in interest in pathophysiological roles of mitochondria, and the accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) in cells and tissue samples is a fundamental aspect of assessing changes in mitochondrial health and biogenesis. Quantification of mCN between studies is surprisingly variable due to a combination of physiological variability and diverse protocols being used to measure this endpoint. The advent of novel methods to quantify nucleic acids like digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and high throughput sequencing offer the ability to measure absolute values of mCN. We conducted an in-depth survey of articles published between 1969 -- 2020 to create an overview of mCN values, to assess consensus values of tissue-specific mCN, and to evaluate consistency between methods of assessing mCN. We identify best practices for methods used to assess mCN, and we address the impact of using specific loci on the mitochondrial genome to determine mCN. Current data suggest that clinical measurement of mCN can provide diagnostic and prognostic value in a range of diseases and health conditions, with emphasis on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the advent of means to measure absolute mCN should improve future clinical applications of mCN measurements.
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Alikhani M, Touati E, Karimipoor M, Vosough M, Mohammadi M. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variations in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: Potential Players. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:770-781. [PMID: 34486088 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of mitochondria have been linked to several cancers. Also, the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is altered in various cancers, including gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers, and several research groups have investigated its potential as a cancer biomarker. However, the exact causes of mtDNA-CN variations are not yet revealed. This review discussed the conceivable players in this scheme, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), mtDNA genetic variations, DNA methylation, telomere length, autophagy, immune system activation, aging, and infections, and discussed their possible impact in the initiation and progression of cancer. By further exploring such mechanisms, mtDNA-CN variations may be effectively utilized as cancer biomarkers and provide grounds for developing novel cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alikhani
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology, CNRS UMR2001, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux cedex 15, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Yang Z, Slone J, Wang X, Zhan J, Huang Y, Namjou B, Kaufman KM, Pauciulo M, Harley JB, Muglia LJ, Chepelev I, Huang T. Validation of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing for mitochondrial DNA variants suggests mitochondrial DNA as a genetic cause of preterm birth. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1602-1614. [PMID: 34467602 PMCID: PMC9290920 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), or birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of gestational age, is a major contributor to infant mortality and neonatal hospitalization. Mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) have been linked to various rare mitochondrial disorders and may be a contributing factor in PTB given that maternal genetic factors have been strongly linked to PTB. However, to date, no study has found a conclusive connection between a particular mtDNA variant and PTB. Given the high mtDNA copy number per cell, an automated pipeline was developed for detecting mtDNA variants using low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing (lcWGS) data. The pipeline was first validated against samples of known heteroplasmy, and then applied to 929 samples from a PTB cohort from diverse ethnic backgrounds with an average gestational age of 27.18 weeks (range: 21–30). Our new pipeline successfully identified haplogroups and a large number of mtDNA variants in this large PTB cohort, including 8 samples carrying known pathogenic variants and 47 samples carrying rare mtDNA variants. These results confirm that lcWGS can be utilized to reliably identify mtDNA variants. These mtDNA variants may make a contribution toward preterm birth in a small proportion of live births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jesse Slone
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinjian Wang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack Zhan
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yongbo Huang
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Iouri Chepelev
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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11
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Daily Oral Supplementation with 60 mg of Elemental Iron for 12 Weeks Alters Blood Mitochondrial DNA Content, but Not Leukocyte Telomere Length in Cambodian Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061877. [PMID: 34072630 PMCID: PMC8227094 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence regarding the potential risk of untargeted iron supplementation, especially among individuals who are iron-replete or have genetic hemoglobinopathies. Excess iron exposure can increase the production of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to cellular damage. We evaluated the effect of daily oral supplementation on relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) and blood mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in non-pregnant Cambodian women (18-45 years) who received 60 mg of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate (n = 190) or a placebo (n = 186) for 12 weeks. Buffy coat rLTL and mtDNA content were quantified by monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to predict the absolute and percent change in rLTL and mtDNA content after 12 weeks. Iron supplementation was not associated with an absolute or percent change in rLTL after 12 weeks compared with placebo (ß-coefficient: -0.04 [95% CI: -0.16, 0.08]; p = 0.50 and ß-coefficient: -0.96 [95% CI: -2.69, 0.77]; p = 0.28, respectively). However, iron supplementation was associated with a smaller absolute and percent increase in mtDNA content after 12 weeks compared with placebo (ß-coefficient: -11 [95% CI: -20, -2]; p = 0.02 and ß-coefficient: -11 [95% CI: -20, -1]; p= 0.02, respectively). Thus, daily oral iron supplementation for 12 weeks was associated with altered mitochondrial homeostasis in our study sample. More research is needed to understand the risk of iron exposure and the biological consequences of altered mitochondrial homeostasis in order to inform the safety of the current global supplementation policy.
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Agrawal P, Katragadda S, Hariharan AK, Raghavendrachar VG, Agarwal A, Dayalu R, Awasthy D, Sharma SC, Sivasamy YK, Lakshmana P, Shanmugam A, Veeramachaneni V, Gupta V, Vani BP, Subaiya L, Syamala TS, Hariharan R, Chandru V, Bloom DE. Validation of whole genome sequencing from dried blood spots. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:110. [PMID: 33879142 PMCID: PMC8056537 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried blood spots (DBS) are a relatively inexpensive source of nucleic acids and are easy to collect, transport, and store in large-scale field surveys, especially in resource-limited settings. However, their performance in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) relative to that of venous blood DNA has not been analyzed for various downstream applications. METHODS This study compares the WGS performance of DBS paired with venous blood samples collected from 12 subjects. RESULTS Results of standard quality checks of coverage, base quality, and mapping quality were found to be near identical between DBS and venous blood. Concordance for single-nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, and copy number variants was high between these two sample types. Additionally, downstream analyses typical of population-based studies were performed, such as mitochondrial heteroplasmy detection, haplotype analysis, mitochondrial copy number changes, and determination of telomere lengths. The absolute mitochondrial copy number values were higher for DBS than for venous blood, though the trend in sample-to-sample variation was similar between DBS and blood. Telomere length estimates in most DBS samples were on par with those from venous blood. CONCLUSION DBS samples can serve as a robust and feasible alternative to venous blood for studies requiring WGS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Agrawal
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Shanmukh Katragadda
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Arun K Hariharan
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | | | - Arunika Agarwal
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Rashmi Dayalu
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Disha Awasthy
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Sanjay C Sharma
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Yasodha Kannan Sivasamy
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - P Lakshmana
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Ashwini Shanmugam
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Vamsi Veeramachaneni
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Vaijayanti Gupta
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - B P Vani
- The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Dr. VKRV Rao Road, Teachers Colony, Nagarabhavi, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560072, India
| | - Lekha Subaiya
- The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Dr. VKRV Rao Road, Teachers Colony, Nagarabhavi, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560072, India
| | - T S Syamala
- The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Dr. VKRV Rao Road, Teachers Colony, Nagarabhavi, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560072, India
| | - Ramesh Hariharan
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Vijay Chandru
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, UAS Alumni Association Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India.
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, 3rd Floor, C Wing, Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - David E Bloom
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, USA.
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Mitroshina IY, Sirota NP, Prokofiev VN, Kuznetsova EA. Levels of Circulating DNA in Blood Serum and DNA Damage in Leukocytes of Healthy Donors of Different Genders and Ages. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Monnin A, Nagot N, Periès M, Vallo R, Meda N, Singata-Madliki M, Tumwine JK, Kankasa C, Ngandu N, Goga A, Reynier P, Tylleskär T, Van de Perre P, Molès JP. Mitochondrial DNA Parameters in Blood of Infants Receiving Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Lamivudine Prophylaxis to Prevent Breastfeeding Transmission of HIV-1. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2972. [PMID: 32937988 PMCID: PMC7564660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Children who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed but uninfected (CHEU) accumulate maternal HIV and antiretroviral exposures through pregnancy, postnatal prophylaxis, and breastfeeding. Here, we compared the dynamics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) parameters in African breastfed CHEU receiving lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or lamivudine (3TC) pre-exposure prophylaxis during the first year of life. The number of mtDNA copies per cell (MCN) and the proportion of deleted mtDNA (MDD) were assessed at day 7 and at week 50 post-delivery (PrEP group). mtDNA depletion was defined as a 50% or more decrease from the initial value, and mtDNA deletions was the detection of mtDNA molecules with large DNA fragment loss. We also performed a sub-analysis with CHEU who did not receive a prophylactic treatment in South Africa (control group). From day seven to week 50, MCN decreased with a median of 41.7% (interquartile range, IQR: 12.1; 64.4) in the PrEP group. The proportion of children with mtDNA depletion was not significantly different between the two prophylactic regimens. Poisson regressions showed that LPV/r and 3TC were associated with mtDNA depletion (reference: control group; LPV/r: PR = 1.75 (CI95%: 1.15-2.68), p < 0.01; 3TC: PR = 1.54 (CI95%: 1.00-2.37), p = 0.05). Moreover, the proportion of children with MDD was unexpectedly high before randomisation in both groups. Long-term health impacts of these mitochondrial DNA parameters should be investigated further for both CHEU and HIV-infected children receiving LPV/r- or 3TC- based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Monnin
- Pathogenèse et Contrôle des Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1058, Université Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, 34934 Montpellier, France; (M.P.); (R.V.); (J.-P.M.)
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- Pathogenèse et Contrôle des Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1058, Université Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 34934 Montpellier, France; (N.N.); (P.V.d.P.)
| | - Marianne Periès
- Pathogenèse et Contrôle des Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1058, Université Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, 34934 Montpellier, France; (M.P.); (R.V.); (J.-P.M.)
| | - Roselyne Vallo
- Pathogenèse et Contrôle des Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1058, Université Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, 34934 Montpellier, France; (M.P.); (R.V.); (J.-P.M.)
| | - Nicolas Meda
- Centre MURAZ, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 B.P. 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Mandisa Singata-Madliki
- Effective Care Research Unit, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, University of Fort Hare, East London 5201, South Africa;
| | - James K. Tumwine
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda;
| | - Chipepo Kankasa
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia;
| | - Nobubelo Ngandu
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; (N.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Ameena Goga
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; (N.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France;
| | - Thorkild Tylleskär
- Centre for International Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenèse et Contrôle des Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1058, Université Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 34934 Montpellier, France; (N.N.); (P.V.d.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Molès
- Pathogenèse et Contrôle des Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1058, Université Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, 34934 Montpellier, France; (M.P.); (R.V.); (J.-P.M.)
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Reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with the haplogroup, and some clinical features of breast cancer in Mexican patients. Gene 2020; 761:145047. [PMID: 32783993 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have been associated with different types of cancer, including breast cancer, because they alter cellular energy metabolism. However, whether mtDNA copy number or haplogroups are predictors of oxidative stress-related risks in human breast cancer tissue in Mexican patients remains to be determined. Using quantitative real-time PCR assays and sequencing of the mtDNA hypervariable region, analysis of mtDNA copy numbers in 82 breast cancer tissues (BCT) and matched normal adjacent tissues (NAT) was performed to determine if copy number correlated with clinical features and Amerindian haplogroups (A2, B2, B4, C1 and D1) . The results showed that the mtDNA copy number was significantly decreased in BCT compared with NAT (p = 0.010); it was significantly decreased in BCT and NAT in women > 50 years of age, compared with NAT in women < 50 years of age (p = 0.032 and p = 0.037, respectively); it was significantly decreased in NAT and BCT in the postmenopausal group and in BCT in the premenopausal group compared with NAT in the premenopausal group (p = 0.011, p = 0.010 and, p = 0.018; respectively); and it was also significantly decrease in members of the BCT group classified as having invasive ductal carcinoma I-III (IDC-I, IDC-II and IDC-III) and IDC-II for NAT compared to IDC-I of NAT (p = 0.025, p = 0.022 and p = 0.031 and p = 0.020; respectively). The mtDNA copy number for BCT from patients with haplogroup B2 was decreased compared to patients with haplogroup D1 (p = 0.01); for BCT from patients with haplogroup C1 was also decreased compare with their NAT counterpart (p = 0.006) and with BCT patients belonging to haplogroups A2 and D1 (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03; respectively). In addition, the mtDNA copy number was decrease in the sequences with three deletions relative to the rCRS at nucleotide positions A249del, A290del and A291del, or C16327T polymorphism with the same p = 0.019 for all four variants. Contrary, the copy number increased in sequences containing C16111T, G16319A or T16362C polymorphisms (p = 0.021, =0.048, and = 0.001; respectively). In conclusion, a decrease in the copy number of mtDNA in BCT compared with NAT was shown by the results, which suggests an imbalance in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that can affect the apoptosis pathway and cancer progression. It was also observed an increase of the copy number in samples with specific polymorphisms, which may be a good sign of favourable prognosis.
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Decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number in children with cerebral palsy quantified by droplet digital PCR. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:122-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Peripheral Blood as a Potential Non-invasive Biomarker for Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:304-313. [PMID: 31902116 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impaired mitochondrial function has been implicated in the pathogenicity of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS. Circulating mtDNA copy number in body fluids has been proposed as an indicator for several neurodegenerative diseases, and the altered cerebrospinal fluid mtDNA has been shown as a promising marker for MS. The aim of this study was to determine changes and biomarker potential of circulating mtDNA in peripheral blood in MS. The mtDNA copy number was quantified by real-time PCR in blood samples from 60 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 64 healthy controls. The RRMS patients had significantly lower circulating mtDNA copy number compared to controls. Subgroup analysis with stratification of RRMS patients based on disease duration under or over 10 years revealed that the mtDNA copy number was significantly lower in the group with longer disease duration. A negative correlation was observed between mtDNA copy number and disease duration. The ROC curve analysis indicated a significant ability of mtDNA copy number to separate RRMS patients from controls with an AUC of 0.859. This is the first study to measure peripheral blood mtDNA copy number in MS patients. Current data suggest that the reduction in peripheral blood mtDNA copy number may be an early event in MS and correlate with the disease progression. The findings of this study indicate that circulating blood-based mtDNA copy number may be a potential non-invasive candidate biomarker for mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and MS. This can put forward the clinical applicability over other invasive markers.
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Baek JH, Son H, Jeong YH, Park SW, Kim HJ. Chronological Aging Standard Curves of Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Twelve Tissues of C57BL/6 Male Mouse. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030247. [PMID: 30875959 PMCID: PMC6468494 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) are considered to be aging markers. However, many studies have provided contradictory or only fragmentary information about changes of these markers in animal models, due to inaccurate analysis methods and a lack of objective aging standards. To establish chronological aging standards for these two markers, we analyzed telomere length and mtDNAcn in 12 tissues-leukocytes, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, retina, aorta, liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, and skin-from a commonly used rodent model, C57BL/6 male mice aged 2⁻24 months. It was found that at least one of the markers changed age-dependently in all tissues. In the leukocytes, hippocampus, retina, and skeletal muscle, both markers changed age-dependently. As a practical application, the aging marker changes were analyzed after chronic immobilization stress (CIS) to see whether CIS accelerated aging or not. The degree of tissue-aging was calculated using each standard curve and found that CIS accelerated aging in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, it is expected that researchers can use our standard curves to objectively estimate tissue-specific aging accelerating effects of experimental conditions for least 12 tissues in C57BL/6 male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeong Baek
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
- Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Hyeonwi Son
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
- Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Young-Hoon Jeong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
- Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea.
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Verhoeven D. Immunometabolism and innate immunity in the context of immunological maturation and respiratory pathogens in young children. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:301-308. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0518-204rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Verhoeven
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative MedicineIowa State University Ames Iowa USA
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