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Gupta A, Saleena LM, Kannan P, Shivachandran A. The impact of oral diseases on respiratory health and the influence of respiratory infections on the oral microbiome. J Dent 2024; 148:105213. [PMID: 38936454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to examine the relationship between oral diseases and respiratory health, investigating how oral microbiome disruptions contribute to respiratory tract infections. Additionally, it aims to explore the impact of respiratory disease symptoms and treatments on the oral microbiome. DATA SOURCES The literature utilized in this review was sourced from studies focusing on the correlation between oral health and respiratory infections, spanning a period of 40 years. Various databases and scholarly sources were likely consulted to gather relevant research articles, reviews, and clinical studies. STUDY SELECTION This review summarizes four decades-long research, providing insights into the intricate relationship between oral and respiratory health. It delves into how oral diseases influence respiratory tract conditions and vice versa. The selection process likely involved identifying studies that addressed the interaction between oral microbiome disruptions and respiratory complications. CONCLUSION Oral diseases or poor oral habits have been known to increase the risk of getting respiratory infections. Modern techniques have demonstrated the relationship between oral disease and respiratory tract infections like influenza, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, and Pneumonia. Apart from that, the medications used to treat respiratory diseases affect oral physiological factors like the pH of saliva, and saliva flow rate, which can cause significant changes in the oral microbiome. This review provides regular oral hygiene and care that can prevent respiratory health and respiratory infections. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the intricate relationship between oral health and respiratory infections is crucial for healthcare providers. Implementing preventive measures and promoting good oral hygiene habits can reduce respiratory tract infections and improve overall respiratory health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Lilly M Saleena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
| | - Priya Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - A Shivachandran
- Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Jan BM, Khayat MA, Bushnag AI, Zahid AI, Alkarim AS, Alshehri MT, Almasoudi FM, Zahran M, Almazrooa SA, Mawardi HH. The Association Between Long-Term Corticosteroids Use and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44600. [PMID: 37667783 PMCID: PMC10475248 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids (CSs) are a group of medications prescribed regularly to treat a wide range of inflammatory and immune-related conditions with great benefit. The impact of long-term use of CSs on the oral cavity has been reported before, including increased risk of periodontal disease and dental caries. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients using CSs. A literature review was completed using PubMed and Cochrane search engines. The search was based on questions related to adults and children (P); corticosteroids (I); no corticosteroids (C); and dental caries (O) (PICO questions) using the keywords "steroids" and "caries" with all relevant variations and MeSH terms. Decay missing filling tooth/decay missing filling surface (DMFT/DMFS) scores were selected as parameters to assess the effects of CSs on caries prevalence. Data was extracted and analyzed for comparisons. The search yielded 1,206 articles from January 2001 to January 2023, of which 21 papers were eligible for analysis. Overall, 14 studies reported an increase in caries with CSs use. However, seven studies failed to report an association of caries prevalence with CSs use. Current evidence supports the correlation between increased risk of caries with chronic CSs use, specifically for inhaler formulation. Future studies with randomized controlled clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil M Jan
- Orthodontics, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hani H Mawardi
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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ÇALIK YILMAZ BC, ALACAM A. Evaluation of orofacial dysfunctions and oral health-related quality of life in children with asthma. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2023. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.1101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of asthma on oro-facial muscle dysfunction (OFD) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children.
Materials and Method: A total of 158 children, 79 diagnosed with asthma and 79 healthy, were included in the study. Children diagnosed with asthma were divided into controlled and uncontrolled asthma groups. The OFD and OHRQoL of all participants were evaluated with Nordic Orofacial Test and Screening (NOT-S) and Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). The differences and correlations between the groups were statistically evaluated (Mann-Whitney and Spearman and Chi-Square test).
Results: NOT-S interview, examination, and total scores were statistically higher in the asthma group compared to healthy children and between uncontrolled and controlled asthma groups (p<0.001). Higher scores were obtained in all areas of CPQ8-10 in the asthma group (p<0.001). NOT-S and CPQ8-10 scores elevated compatibly in the groups diagnosed with asthma.
Conclusion: OFD in asthmatic children predicts worse OHRQoL.
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Baumgartner MA, Li C, Kuntz TM, Nurhussien L, Synn AJ, Sun WY, Kang JE, Lai PS, Wilkinson JE, Rice MB. Differences of the Nasal Microbiome and Mycobiome by Clinical Characteristics of COPD Patients. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2022; 9:309-324. [PMID: 35487694 PMCID: PMC9448003 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2021.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE While studies suggest that the lung microbiome may influence risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, little is known about the relationship between the nasal biome and clinical characteristics of COPD patients. METHODS We sampled the nasal lining fluid by nasosorption of both nares of 20 people with moderate-to-severe COPD. All 40 samples, plus 4 negative controls, underwent DNA extraction, and 16SV4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (bacterial) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) (fungal) sequencing. We measured the proportion of variance (R2) in beta diversity explained by clinical factors, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), COPD treatment, disease severity (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], symptom/exacerbation frequency), peripheral eosinophil level (≥150 versus <150 cells/µL) and season of sampling, with the PERMANOVA test on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarities, accounting for within-person correlation of samples. We assessed the relative abundance of microbial features in the nasal community and their associations with clinical characteristics using the Microbiome Multivariable Association with Linear Models (MaAsLin2) package. RESULTS The most abundant nasal fluid bacterial taxa were Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Moraxella, and Dolosigranulum, and fungal taxa were Malassezia, Candida, Malasseziales, Cladosporium and Aspergillus. Bacterial microbiome composition was associated with short-acting muscarinic antagonist use (R2 11.8%, p=0.002), sex (R2 8.3%, p=0.044), nasal steroid use (R2 7.7%, p=0.064), and higher eosinophil level (R2 7.6%, p=0.084). Mycobiome composition was associated with higher eosinophil level (R2 14.4%, p=0.004) and low FEV1 (R2 7.5%, p=0.071). No specific bacterium or fungus differed significantly in relative abundance by clinical characteristics in the multivariate per-feature analysis. CONCLUSION The taxonomical composition of the nasal biome is heterogeneous in COPD patients and may be explained in part by clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chengchen Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thomas M. Kuntz
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lina Nurhussien
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew J. Synn
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wendy Y. Sun
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Kang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Peggy S. Lai
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeremy E. Wilkinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mary B. Rice
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Mills H, Acquah R, Tang N, Cheung L, Klenk S, Glassen R, Pirson M, Albert A, Hoang DT, Van TN. Biochemical Behaviours of Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate in Treating Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD). Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:2593740. [PMID: 35899144 PMCID: PMC9313957 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2593740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and asthma are fatal. The respiratory tract may be blocked, robbed of the adequate amounts of oxygen; hence, death ensues if a quick medical attention is not provided. The treatment available for the duo are inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The ICS can work synergically with LABAS (long-acting β 2-antagonists) and so many other medicines like bronchodilators. The drugs used for the treatment of asthma and COPD are metabolised once in the body system and at the same time exerting the therapeutic effect provided the concentration of the drug is within the therapeutic window. The CYP3A isoforms metabolise the ICS, in this case, salmeterol and fluticasone propionate (FP). Methods of administration are not limited to inhalation. Specific doses are prescribed accurately paying attention to factors like age, gender, race, and genetic makeup since these affect drug metabolisms. Generally, the ICS work by translocating glucocorticoid receptors to the nucleus from the cytosol. The mechanism is potentiated by the β-antagonists and this brings about an anti-inflammatory effect which is greater than either of the two drugs alone. Once this happens, it is not necessary to increase ICS dose. The ICS, in addition, cause more production of β-receptors by activating the β-receptor genes. This mode of action begets the LABAs' bronchodilator-effects. The challenge is that ICS are not limited only to "double" therapy. Analysing such therapies is daunting since coadministration interferes with pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of drugs. This work focuses on salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combination and aspects which has to do with administration, monitoring, metabolism, toxicity, and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Mills
- Department of Medical Science, University for Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ronald Acquah
- Department of Medical Science, University for Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nova Tang
- RD Lab, The Hospital Institute for Hebal Research, Toluca 50200, MEX, Mexico
| | - Luke Cheung
- RD Lab, The Hospital Institute for Hebal Research, Toluca 50200, MEX, Mexico
| | - Susanne Klenk
- Research Institution of Clinical Biomedicine, Hospital University Medical Centre, Ulm 89000, Germany
| | - Ronald Glassen
- Research Institution of Clinical Biomedicine, Hospital University Medical Centre, Ulm 89000, Germany
| | - Magali Pirson
- Industrial Research Group, International College of Science and Technology, Route de Lennik 800, CP 590, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Alain Albert
- Industrial Research Group, International College of Science and Technology, Route de Lennik 800, CP 590, Brussels 1070, Belgium
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6
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Does bronchial asthma influences dental health of the diseased children? VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp171111007d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disorder. The effect of asthma drugs on oral health is still the subject of debate among researchers in dentistry. The aim of this study was t o e valuate dental status in asthmatic children and evaluate the possible effect of drugs treating asthma on dental health. Methods. Study participants were divided into two groups: the asthma (AG) and the non-asthma (NAG) group. Based on the symptoms of asthma and the possibility for effective control of the disease, the AG group was divided into two subgroups. The oral examination of the teeth was per-formed using a probe and mouth mirror under artificial light in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Saliva analysis was carried out by the GC Saliva-Check Buffer, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results. The study included 136 children aged 6 to 16 years (10.5 ? 3.3). The mean of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) of the children in the AG group (6.0 ? 4.0/3.3 ? 4.4) was higher than in the NAG group (4.8 ? 4.4/2.5 ? 3.4), but significant differences were not observed between the groups. Salivary pH values were found to be similar in both groups, but the quantity and buffering capacity of the stimulated saliva were found to be significantly lower in the AG group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion. Although the prevalence of dental caries in the AG group was similar to that of the NAG group in this study, decreased quantity and buffering capacity of the stimulated saliva in the A G group may contribute to higher values of dental caries in asthmatic children in the future.
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7
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Ng YM, Ng YP, Heng WK, Hat HB, Jamil AKABA, Choo JY, Husin WNFBW, Hoh JSL, Tan YS, Cheong KM. Randomised, multicentre, prospective interventional study to evaluate the efficacy of immediate diet in addition to standard mouth rinsing in reducing local adverse events of inhaled corticosteroid among asthmatic patients: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mei Ng
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University Bedong, Kedah Malaysia
| | - Yen Ping Ng
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University Bedong, Kedah Malaysia
| | - Wei Kai Heng
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University Bedong, Kedah Malaysia
| | - Habshoh Bt Hat
- Sungai Petani Town Health Clinic Sungai Petani, Kedah Malaysia
| | | | - Jin Yi Choo
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University Bedong, Kedah Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Kin Man Cheong
- Sungai Petani Town Health Clinic Sungai Petani, Kedah Malaysia
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8
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Melhem O, Savage E, Lehane E. Symptom burden in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Appl Nurs Res 2021; 57:151389. [PMID: 33549292 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now a growing body of evidence to suggest that patients with chronic disease experience their symptoms as a burden. Although symptoms are a principal focus for diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there has been little research to date on symptom burden with reference to frequency, severity, and distress of symptoms. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. Symptom burden was measured using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS). A sample of 214 patients with COPD, recruited from one of the major teaching hospitals in Ireland. RESULTS Patients experienced a median of 13 symptoms. Patients with 'very severe' COPD experienced the greatest number, with a median of 15 symptoms, followed by those with 'severe' COPD, with a median of 14 symptoms. Patients with 'mild' and 'moderate' COPD reported a median of 10 symptoms each. The most burdensome symptoms were shortness of breath, lack of energy, difficulty sleeping, worrying, dry mouth, feeling nervous, and feeling irritable. Total symptom burden was found to be low. Patients with 'very severe' COPD had the greatest symptom burden, followed by those with 'severe', 'moderate', and 'mild' COPD. Symptom burden was higher for psychological symptoms, with a mean score of 1.60 compared to the physical symptoms (mean = 0.87). CONCLUSION Patients with COPD experience a remarkably high number of symptoms, and significant symptom burden of both physical and psychological symptoms. There is a need for early assessment and management of both physical and psychological symptoms in all patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Melhem
- Nursing Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Eileen Savage
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elaine Lehane
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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9
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Cox NS, McDonald CF, Gleeson M, Wood L, Hall S, Hill C, Bondarenko J, Holland AE. Challenges of evaluating the effect of exercise training on salivary IgA in people with COPD. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2021; 15:699-701. [PMID: 33548086 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narelle S Cox
- Faculty Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Discipline of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine F McDonald
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maree Gleeson
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharron Hall
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Hill
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet Bondarenko
- Department of Physiotherapy, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne E Holland
- Faculty Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Discipline of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Baghani E, Ouanounou A. The dental management of the asthmatic patients. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 41:309-318. [PMID: 33483989 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction. Our increased knowledge and understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of this condition has widely assisted us in delivering effective therapies. Physicians strive to provide the best treatment modality to achieve symptom-control and minimize the adverse effects of medication use. Nonetheless, patients continue to endure oral complications from the use of asthma medications. As dentists, it is prudent to address these oral complications and promote the oral health of these patients by way of early preventive and therapeutic dental intervention. This must be accomplished by adhering to certain precautionary measures for the sake of avoiding intraoperative problems while optimizing oral care. In this article, we discuss the diagnosis, oral findings, dental care, and emergency management of the asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Baghani
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Aviv Ouanounou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Clinical Sciences (Pharmacology & Preventive Dentistry), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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11
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Wee JH, Yoo DM, Byun SH, Lee HJ, Park B, Park MW, Choi HG. Subjective oral health status in an adult Korean population with asthma or allergic rhinitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22967. [PMID: 33120860 PMCID: PMC7581141 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral health can affect or be a manifestation of general health. Although oral health assessment has been used as a proxy for general health, few studies have reported an association between oral health status and allergic diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between subjective oral health status and asthma/allergic rhinitis in a nationwide representative sample of Korean adults.A total of 227,977 participants from the Korean Community Health Survey 2015 were enrolled. Participants were asked about their subjective oral health status (very good, good, normal, poor, very poor), periodontal status (mobility, swelling, calculus, bleeding), teeth brushing frequency, and scaling history within the past 12 months. Histories of physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis throughout life were surveyed. The associations between subjective oral health status and allergic diseases were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Age, sex, economic level, educational level, region of residence, smoking, alcohol, obesity, subjective general health status, stress level, physical activity, periodontal status, teeth brushing frequency, and scaling history within the past 12 months were adjusted as covariates.A higher prevalence of asthma (3.6%) was reported in the poor oral health group than in the good (1.8%) and normal (2.1%) groups (P < .001). Poor oral health status was significantly related to asthma, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.19 (95% CI = 1.07-1.33, P = .002). Although the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was not higher in the poor oral health group (13.4%) than in the good (15.4%) and normal oral health groups (15.9%), the aOR for allergic rhinitis was 1.05 (95% CI = 1.00-1.11, P = .045) in the poor oral health group after adjusting for covariates.Subjective poor oral health status was significantly associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital
| | | | - Soo Hwan Byun
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - Bumjung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - Min Woo Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul; South Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory
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12
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Benazir MI, Prasad H, Rajmohan M, Srichinthu KK, Prema P, Mahalakshmi L, Kumar GS. Effect of Inhalational Therapy on Buccal Mucosal Cells in Asthmatic Patients: A Cytological Study. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2020; 11:RMMJ.10405. [PMID: 32441649 PMCID: PMC7571427 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhalational drugs used in treating asthma have several side effects including those on oral tissues. We therefore designed a study to analyze the effects of inhalational drugs on the buccal mucosal cells of the oral cavity. METHODS Smears were obtained from clinically normal buccal mucosa of 20 randomly selected asthmatic patients who had been under inhalational therapy for at least 6 months. The Papanicolaou-stained smears were then analyzed for average nuclear area, average cytoplasmic area, and average nuclear area:cytoplasmic area ratio for each patient, and the values were compared with those of 10 healthy controls. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease in cytoplasmic area (P<0.001) was found in asthmatic patients compared to controls. A significant increase in mean nuclear area:cytoplasmic area ratio (P<0.001) was noted in asthmatic patients when compared to controls. CONCLUSION Prolonged use of inhalational drugs in patients diagnosed with asthma is associated with changes in oral epithelial cells. There is a need to assess whether these are the direct adverse effects of such drugs and whether they have any long-term impact on oral tissues.
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13
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Arias-Guillen CJ, Prado DA, Tuon R, Scudine K, Gavião M, Lamy E, Marquezin M, Castelo PM. Impact of asthma on children´s gustatory sensitivity, masticatory and feeding behaviors. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112961. [PMID: 32445811 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which disturbances in breathing, masticatory and swallowing functions may impact the eating behavior. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of asthma on taste sensitivity, masticatory behavior and feeding problems in children. The sample consisted of 91 children (6-7y) divided into two groups: asthma (n=46) and control group (n=45). Interviews were held with parents/guardians and clinical examinations were performed to gather information on medical, dental and feeding aspects. The gustatory sensitivity for sucrose and urea (sweet and bitter, respectively) were measured by staircase method designed for this age-range. The respiratory and masticatory functions were evaluated using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores-expanded (OMES-e) protocol. Feeding problems were assessed using the Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale, exploring oral motor, sensory, appetite, maternal concerns, child's behavior, and strategy aspects after transcultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese. The two groups were homogeneous relative to sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status. Although the total OMES-e scores did not differ between groups, the frequency of changes in food incision and escape were different (p=0.007 and p=0.0011, respectively). The Asthma group required more time and higher number of masticatory cycles to eat the test-food (p<0.05). The gustatory thresholds for sweet and bitter were different, with asthmatic children requiring significantly higher concentrations to perceive the taste (p<0.001). The frequency of children classified by their parents according to feeding difficulties also differed between groups (p=0.001; Fisher's exact test). Asthmatic children showed remarkable changes in taste, chewing and eating behaviors, thereby pointing out the eating problems they may experience, which should be considered when designing and implementing therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Arias-Guillen
- Dept. Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - D A Prado
- Dept. Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - R Tuon
- Policlínica Santa Terezinha, Secretaria de Saúde, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Kgo Scudine
- Dept. Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Mbd Gavião
- Dept. Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - E Lamy
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - McS Marquezin
- Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - P M Castelo
- Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil.
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14
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Al‐Ezzi M, Khan K, Tappuni AR. Is the taste acuity affected by oral dryness in primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients? Oral Dis 2020; 26:688-695. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minan Al‐Ezzi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Khalid Khan
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Anwar R. Tappuni
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK
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15
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Dwibedi N, Wiener RC, Findley PA, Shen C, Sambamoorthi U. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tooth loss, and edentulism among adults in the United States: 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 151:735-744.e1. [PMID: 31732091 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with chronic respiratory conditions, specifically asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may be at risk of experiencing poor oral health due to systemic inflammation, challenges in routine oral health care, and adverse effects of medications used to treat these conditions. The authors examined the association of asthma, COPD, and coexisting asthma and COPD (asthma-COPD overlap syndrome [ACOS]) with tooth loss among US adults. METHODS The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (N = 387,217). The authors categorized the participants with missing permanent teeth into 4 groups: asthma only (n = 38,817), COPD only (n = 19,819), ACOS (n = 13,494), no asthma, no COPD (n = 315,087). The authors used adjusted multinomial logistic regressions to examine the associations between asthma and COPD categories and tooth loss. RESULTS According to the authors, 5.3% of study participants reported they were edentulous; 10.7% reported 6 or fewer missing teeth. Participants with asthma only, COPD only, and ACOS had higher odds of reporting tooth loss (6 or more teeth) than those in the no asthma, no COPD group; adjusted odds ratios were 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.26) to 2.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.85 to 2.26). A lower percentage of participants with COPD and ACOS visited dentists in the past year than those with no asthma and no COPD. Interactive associations suggested participants with asthma or COPD with dental visits were less likely to report edentulism than those with neither asthma nor COPD and no dental visits. CONCLUSIONS Participants with asthma or COPD had higher odds of tooth loss compared with those with neither asthma nor COPD. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS People with asthma or COPD should maintain routine dental visits to reduce the risk of experiencing tooth loss.
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16
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Erdoğan T, Karakaya G, Kalyoncu AF. The Frequency and Risk Factors for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Adult Asthma Patients Using Inhaled Corticosteroids. Turk Thorac J 2019; 20:136-139. [PMID: 30958987 DOI: 10.5152/turkthoracj.2019.17011916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Worldwide, asthma is a major health problem and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of asthma treatment. High-dose and long-term use of ICS can result in some side effects. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of oral and systemic candidiasis infections in adult asthma patients using ICS, and to identify possible risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 186 randomly selected adult asthma patients that presented to allergy clinic between May 2011 and September 2012. RESULTS Among the patients, 147 (79%) were female. The lifelong incidence of oral candidiasis was 19.4% (n=36), whereas 5.38% (n=10) of the patients already had it by the time of the study. The lifelong incidence of any fungal infection was 59.7% (n=111). There weren't any significant differences in gender, age, age at onset of asthma, oral hygiene, atopy, or comorbid diseases between the oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC)-positive and -negative groups. A history of persistent rhinitis, use of a leukotriene receptor antagonist together with ICS, and use of ciclesonide as an ICS were associated with a higher incidence of OPC. CONCLUSION In the present study the incidence of OPC in adult asthma patients was quite high, but no definitive risk factors were identified. Further studies are needed to distinguish these individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Erdoğan
- Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gül Karakaya
- Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Fuat Kalyoncu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Alka K, Amberkar VS, Mohan Kumar KP, Nandini DB, Vidyasagar B. Estimation of salivary Candida albicans counts in asthmatic adult patients taking anti-asthmatic medication for 3-5 years. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:341-346. [PMID: 30651678 PMCID: PMC6306586 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_36_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways. The disease itself along with the principal medication used makes the oral cavity susceptible to most common opportunistic infection, i.e., oral candidiasis. There are many species of Candida causing oral candidiasis, but the most prevalent among them is Candida albicans. Hence, assessing C. albicans count in response to disease and its treatment is necessary. This enables us to educate asthma patients about side effects of medication and highlight the necessity for oral health care, thereby improving their quality of life. AIMS The present study aims to evaluate the effects of asthma and its medication on C. albicans count in saliva samples of asthmatic adult patients taking medication for 3-5 years and compare C. albicans count in saliva samples among cases and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty asthmatic adults taking medication for asthma since 3-5 years' age ranging from 20 to 50 years and equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy participants were included in the study. In both groups, saliva was collected and inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar culture plates for estimation of C. albicans counts. C. albicans counts were assessed in colony-forming unit/milliliter. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact t-test were used. RESULTS The C. albicans count is significantly higher among asthmatics than healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS The present study concludes that there is increased candidal growth among asthmatics as compared to their normal healthy counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Alka
- Independent Researcher, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram S Amberkar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - K P Mohan Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - D B Nandini
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - B Vidyasagar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JJM Medical College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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18
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Raj R, Manu MK, Prakash PY, Singhal DK, Acharya S. The effect of 6 months or longer duration of chronic obstructive respiratory disease medication on the oral health parameters of adults. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 38:133-138. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raashi Raj
- Postgraduate Student; Department of Public Health Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka; India
| | - Mohan K. Manu
- Associate Professor; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Peralam Y. Prakash
- Associate Professor; Department of Microbiology; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Deepak K. Singhal
- Reader; Department of Public Health Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Shashidhar Acharya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal, Karnataka India
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19
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Bozejac BV, Stojšin I, Ðuric M, Zvezdin B, Brkanić T, Budišin E, Vukoje K, Sečen N. Impact of inhalation therapy on the incidence of carious lesions in patients with asthma and COPD. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:506-514. [PMID: 29069148 PMCID: PMC5804387 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of carious lesions, the amount of salivary flow rate and pH value in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), using inhalation therapy. The obtained results were compared with the results of adult healthy subjects, forming a control group. Material and Methods: The study included 80 participants aging between 18 and 65 years. The experimental group (EG) was comprised of 40 participants, previously diagnosed with asthma or COPD undergoing inhalation therapy for more than five years. The control group (CG), comprised of 40 participants, mirrored the same age and gender status of the EG. Dental status was determined by decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT index). Quantity and pH value of saliva were determined in the laboratory. Results: In the EG, the mean value of the salivary flow rate and pH value were statistically significantly lower than in the CG (p<0.001). Patients in the EG had a higher value of DMFT index when compared with the CG, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.199). Mean number of decayed teeth, as well as missing teeth, in the EG was statistically significantly higher than in the CG (p<0.001). Mean number of filled teeth in the EG was statistically significantly lower than in the CG (p<0.001). Conclusion: It was found that patients undergoing inhalation therapy face increasing risk of dental caries due to the lower salivary flow rate and pH value along with the inhalation therapy. They should receive intensive preventive care, including oral hygiene instruction and dietary advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Velicki Bozejac
- Stomatološka poliklinika Dentaland Novi Sad, Srbija.,Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija
| | - Ivana Stojšin
- Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija.,Odeljenje za bolesti zuba i endodonciju, Klinika za stomatologiju Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Srbija
| | - Mirna Ðuric
- Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija.,lnstitut za plućne bolesti Vojvodine, Sremska Kamenica, Srbija
| | - Biljana Zvezdin
- Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija.,lnstitut za plućne bolesti Vojvodine, Sremska Kamenica, Srbija
| | - Tatjana Brkanić
- Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija.,Odeljenje za bolesti zuba i endodonciju, Klinika za stomatologiju Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Srbija
| | - Evica Budišin
- Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija.,lnstitut za plućne bolesti Vojvodine, Sremska Kamenica, Srbija
| | - Karolina Vukoje
- Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija
| | - Nevena Sečen
- Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija.,lnstitut za plućne bolesti Vojvodine, Sremska Kamenica, Srbija
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20
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Chuang CY, Sun HL, Ku MS. Allergic rhinitis, rather than asthma, is a risk factor for dental caries. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 43:131-136. [PMID: 28585768 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between AS (asthma) and dental caries is controversial, while that between allergic rhinitis (AR) and caries has not been established. This study aimed to verify the relationship among AR, AS and dental caries. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Data from Health Insurance Database of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. PARTICIPANTS Nine thousand and thirty-eight children born in 2004 were obtained. Their claims data were evaluated from birth to the age of 9 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The frequencies of clinical visits for dental caries were calculated for primary teeth (age 1-5) and for dental transitional period (age 6-9). Differences in the frequencies of clinical visits for caries in AR vs non-AR and AS vs non-AS children were compared. Correlation between AR, AS and caries frequencies was studied, and the influences of AR drugs on the development of caries were evaluated. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors and AS case, the frequencies of clinical visits for caries were higher in AR (increased by 13%-25% and P<.001 at different age periods). The AR frequencies significantly correlated with caries frequencies in children with AR. Different AR drugs also correlated with caries formation. After adjusting for confounding factors and AR case, there was no relationship between AS and caries in children. CONCLUSION Asthma is not associated with dental caries, but AR can increase the frequency of clinical visits for caries. Medications for AR may also play a role in caries formation. Thus, AR may be a risk factor for childhood dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H L Sun
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M S Ku
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Wu X, Chen J, Xu M, Zhu D, Wang X, Chen Y, Wu J, Cui C, Zhang W, Yu L. 16S rDNA analysis of periodontal plaque in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and periodontitis patients. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1324725. [PMID: 28748030 PMCID: PMC5508401 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1324725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated if chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is correlated with periodontitis via periodontal microbiota and if certain bacteria affect periodontitis as well as COPD. Moreover, the study investigated whether suffering from COPD is associated with a decrease in the richness and diversity of periodontal microbiota. Subgingival plaque was obtained from 105 patients. Bacterial DNA was isolated from 55 COPD and 50 non-COPD participants (either with or without periodontitis). 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota and to determine taxonomic classification. In the non-periodontitis patients, suffering from COPD resulted in a decrease in bacteria richness and diversity in the periodontal microenvironment. An increase in the genera Dysgonomonas, Desulfobulbus, and Catonella and in four species (Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dysgonomonas wimpennyi, Catonella morbi, and Prevotella intermedia) in both COPD and periodontitis patients suggests that an increase in these periodontitis-associated microbiota may be related to COPD. Three genera (Johnsonella, Campylobacter, and Oribacterium) were associated with COPD but not with periodontitis. The decrease in the genera Arcanobacterium, Oribacterium, and Streptomyces in COPD patients implies that these genera may be health-associated genera, and the decrease in these genera may be related to disease. These data support the hypothesis that COPD is correlated with periodontitis via these significantly changed specific bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Dentistry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Danting Zhu
- Department of Dentistry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chenghao Cui
- Department of Dentistry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liying Yu
- Department of Dentistry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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22
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Farag ZHA, Awooda EM. Dental Erosion and Dentin Hypersensitivity among Adult Asthmatics and Non-asthmatics Hospital-based: A Preliminary Study. Open Dent J 2016; 10:587-593. [PMID: 27924166 PMCID: PMC5109586 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the airways leading to spasm and swelling of the airways. The medications taken for the treatment of asthma can result in dental erosion and dentin hypersensitivity. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the severity of dental erosion amongst adult asthmatics according to: gender, type and duration of medication taken and to compare dental erosion and dentin hypersensitivity between asthmatics and non-asthmatics. Subjects and Methods: Comparative, cross-sectional hospital based study among 40 asthmatics (M=15 & F=25) and 40 non-asthmatics (M=18 & F=22) in the age range of 18-60 year selected purposefully from Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital in Khartoum city. The Basic Erosive Wear Index was used for dental erosion assessment. Dentine hypersensitivity was determined by giving ice cold water and rated using the Visual Analogue Scale. Chi-square and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis with P value ≤.05. Results: There was an association between severity of dental erosion and presence of asthma (P=0.03), where asthmatics had a higher degree of erosion (moderate and severe) and non-asthmatics a lower degree. No significant association was found between dental erosion and gender, type and duration of medication among asthmatics group. A statistically significant difference was revealed in the degree of dentin hypersensitivity (P=0.00) among asthmatics (35.13%) and non-asthmatics (14.13%). Conclusion: Asthmatic patients had a higher degree of dental erosion and dentin hypersensitivity compared to non-asthmatics. Among asthmatic patients there was no association between severity of dental erosion and gender, type and duration medication was taken for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hassan Abdelaziz Farag
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy Dental Hospital, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan
| | - Elhadi Mohieldin Awooda
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy Dental Hospital, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan
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23
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Hossny E, Rosario N, Lee BW, Singh M, El-Ghoneimy D, SOH JY, Le Souef P. The use of inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma: update. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:26. [PMID: 27551328 PMCID: PMC4982274 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of several formulations of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and delivery devices for treatment of childhood asthma and despite the development of evidence-based guidelines, childhood asthma control remains suboptimal. Improving uptake of asthma management plans, both by families and practitioners, is needed. Adherence to daily ICS therapy is a key determinant of asthma control and this mandates that asthma education follow a repetitive pattern and involve literal explanation and physical demonstration of the optimal use of inhaler devices. The potential adverse effects of ICS need to be weighed against the benefit of these drugs to control persistent asthma especially that its safety profile is markedly better than oral glucocorticoids. This article reviews the key mechanisms of inhaled corticosteroid action; recommendations on dosage and therapeutic regimens; potential optimization of effectiveness by addressing inhaler technique and adherence to therapy; and updated knowledge on the real magnitude of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hossny
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | | | - Bee Wah Lee
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meenu Singh
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dalia El-Ghoneimy
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Jian Yi SOH
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Le Souef
- Winthrop Professor of Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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24
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Navarrete BA, Palacios PJR, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Guardia J, Gómez-Moreno G. Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on salival composition: a cross-sectional study in patients with bronchial asthma. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 35:569-74. [PMID: 26271244 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-015-0313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no evidence exists in the literature as to the effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) on salivary composition in patients with bronchial asthma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ICs on salival composition. METHODS Adult patients attending an outpatient respiratory clinic who were classified into two groups (controls and patients with bronchial asthma receiving ICs), were recruited in this cross-sectional study. For each participant, data of clinical records, baseline history of asthma, and regular IC dose were recorded. A sample of stimulated saliva was collected and processed for investigation of mucin 5B (MUC5B), lipoxygenase (LPO), total antioxidant capacity, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. RESULTS Overall, 103 patients (49 controls and 54 patients receiving regular treatment with ICs) were recruited. No differences in comorbidities or smoking habits were observed. Patients treated with high-doses of ICs showed lower levels of salival MUC5B compared with those treated with medium IC doses or those not treated with ICs (1.60 vs. 2.20 vs. 2.53 ng/mL; p = 0.042). CONCLUSION In patients with asthma, treatment with high-doses of ICs is associated with reduced levels of salivary MUC5B. This effect can explain some of the effects of ICs on oral health.
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25
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Yılmaz FT, Çınar S, Yılmaz A, Kumsar AK. The Effect of a Training Program on Oral Health and Behavior Change in Asthma Patients. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:411-8. [PMID: 27606137 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic disease which is prevalent throughout the world. Physical problems such as deterioration in oral health, which may occur due to the triggering factors of asthma as well as the ineffective use of asthma medicine, seem to affect the daily lives of asthma patients. Therefore, it is important to protect oral health and promote positive behavior changes in asthma patients in order to achieve effective treatment and asthma control. AIMS The present study aimed to determine the effects of a training program provided for asthma patients on oral health, inhaler use skills, and behavior change. STUDY DESIGN Controlled experimental study. METHODS A total of 124 asthma patients were included in the study. Of the patients, 62 were assigned to the experimental group and the other 62 were assigned to the control group. Data were collected using the patient identification form, the oral assessment guide, the inhaler use skill form, and the evaluation form for behavior change over time. The experimental group received training provided by the researchers on the first meeting and one month later. Written and visual training material were used. Both groups were subject to a final evaluation which was conducted 4 months after their first meeting. RESULTS It was determined that the oral assessment guide scores (p<0.01) and inhaler use skills of the experimental group improved significantly after the training compared to the control group (p<0.01). In addition, it was observed that the number of patients in the experimental group who quit smoking (p<0.05), used their medicine (p<0.01) and brushed their teeth on a regular basis (p<0.01), and washed their mouth after inhaler use significantly increased in the experimental group after training compared to the control group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that the training provided for asthma patients improved oral health and promoted inhaler use skills and was partially effective in promoting positive asthma-related behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feride Taşkın Yılmaz
- Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Cumhuriyet University School of Suşehri Health High, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sezgi Çınar
- Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Celal Bayar University School of Nursing High, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yılmaz
- Department of Pulmonology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Azime Karakoç Kumsar
- Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Bezmialem Vakıf University School of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
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26
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Herrera D, Alonso B, de Arriba L, Santa Cruz I, Serrano C, Sanz M. Acute periodontal lesions. Periodontol 2000 2015; 65:149-77. [PMID: 24738591 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review provides updates on acute conditions affecting the periodontal tissues, including abscesses in the periodontium, necrotizing periodontal diseases and other acute conditions that cause gingival lesions with acute presentation, such as infectious processes not associated with oral bacterial biofilms, mucocutaneous disorders and traumatic and allergic lesions. A periodontal abscess is clinically important because it is a relatively frequent dental emergency, it can compromise the periodontal prognosis of the affected tooth and bacteria within the abscess can spread and cause infections in other body sites. Different types of abscesses have been identified, mainly classified by their etiology, and there are clear differences between those affecting a pre-existing periodontal pocket and those affecting healthy sites. Therapy for this acute condition consists of drainage and tissue debridement, while an evaluation of the need for systemic antimicrobial therapy will be made for each case, based on local and systemic factors. The definitive treatment of the pre-existing condition should be accomplished after the acute phase is controlled. Necrotizing periodontal diseases present three typical clinical features: papilla necrosis, gingival bleeding and pain. Although the prevalence of these diseases is not high, their importance is clear because they represent the most severe conditions associated with the dental biofilm, with very rapid tissue destruction. In addition to bacteria, the etiology of necrotizing periodontal disease includes numerous factors that alter the host response and predispose to these diseases, namely HIV infection, malnutrition, stress or tobacco smoking. The treatment consists of superficial debridement, careful mechanical oral hygiene, rinsing with chlorhexidine and daily re-evaluation. Systemic antimicrobials may be used adjunctively in severe cases or in nonresponding conditions, being the first option metronidazole. Once the acute disease is under control, definitive treatment should be provided, including appropriate therapy for the pre-existing gingivitis or periodontitis. Among other acute conditions affecting the periodontal tissues, but not caused by the microorganisms present in oral biofilms, infectious diseases, mucocutaneous diseases and traumatic or allergic lesions can be listed. In most cases, the gingival involvement is not severe; however, these conditions are common and may prompt an emergency dental visit. These conditions may have the appearance of an erythematous lesion, which is sometimes erosive. Erosive lesions may be the direct result of trauma or a consequence of the breaking of vesicles and bullae. A proper differential diagnosis is important for adequate management of the case.
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Amato JN, Tuon RA, Castelo PM, Gavião MBD, Barbosa TDS. Assessment of sleep bruxism, orthodontic treatment need, orofacial dysfunctions and salivary biomarkers in asthmatic children. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:698-705. [PMID: 25757147 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sleep bruxism, malocclusions, orofacial dysfunctions and salivary levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase in asthmatic children. DESIGN 108 7-9-yr-old children were selected from Policlinic Santa Teresinha Doutor Antonio Haddad Dib (asthmatics, n=53) and from public schools (controls, n=55), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Sleep bruxism diagnosis was confirmed by parental report of grinding sounds and the presence of shiny and polish facets on incisors and/or first permanent molars. The index of orthodontic treatment need was used for occlusion evaluation. Orofacial dysfunctions were evaluated using the nordic orofacial test-screening (NOT-S). Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase were expressed as "awakening response" (AR), calculated as the difference between levels immediately after awakening and 30 min after waking, and "diurnal decline" (DD), calculated as the difference between levels at 30 min after waking and at bedtime. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk/Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, unpaired t test/Mann-Whitney and paired t/Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS Sleep bruxism was more prevalent in children with asthma than controls (47.2% vs. 27.3%, p<0.05). Asthmatics had higher scores of NOT-S total and interview (p<0.05). Dysfunctions on sensory function and chewing and swallowing were more frequent in asthmatics (p<0.05). Salivary cortisol AR on weekend was significantly higher for asthmatics (p<0.05). Salivary cortisol DD was significantly higher on weekday than weekend for controls (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in alpha-amylase values in and between groups. CONCLUSIONS The presence of asthma in children was associated with sleep bruxism, negative perception of sensory, chewing and swallowing functions, and higher concentrations of salivary cortisol on weekend.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogério Antônio Tuon
- Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Municipal Government of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Prevalence of Oral Inflammation Among Denture Wearing Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 858:87-91. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry mouth is usually caused by a reduced salivary flow or by changes in the biochemical composition of saliva. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is a review of the update literature of dry mouth. METHODS We search in pubmed in the past 10 years using the words «dry mouth», «causes», «symptoms», «treatment» and «dentistry». A large number of papers have been identified. Papers not relevant to the issue were removed reducing the entries to 56 only. RESULTS There are no clearly established protocols for the treatment of dry mouth in the literature. Most of identified papers were systematic reviews, non-systematic reviews, and observational studies. The most studied patients were Sjögren's syndrome and the irradiated patients. Treatments are focused on the etiology, prevention, symptomatic, local salivary stimulation and systemic treatments. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that there is no clear evidence for the causes and treatment of dry mouth, therefore the majority of the general dental practitioners refer most of the cases to appropriate specialist. Treatment must be individualized, salivary substitutes and mechanical stimulation techniques can be applied.
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Alcázar Navarrete B, Gómez-Moreno G, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Guardia J, Romero Palacios PJ. Xerostomia relates to the degree of asthma control. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:273-7. [PMID: 25154765 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the relationships between xerostomia and the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of xerostomia in a respiratory outpatient clinic and its relationship with bronchial asthma and ICS use. A cross-sectional observational study of patients recruited in an outpatient setting divided them according to previous diagnoses of bronchial asthma. Data about pulmonary function, concomitant medication, medical comorbidities, Xerostomia Inventory test (XI test), and the degree of asthma control by ACT (asthma control test) were collected for each patient. A linear regression model was applied, using the XI score as dependent variable and the ACT score as independent variable. The 57 patients were divided into asthmatics (40 patients, 70.2%) and control group without asthma (17, 29.8%). The prevalence of xerostomia was 87.7% (50 patients), with no differences between the study groups or current dose of ICS. In the asthmatic group, patients with uncontrolled asthma had worse XI scores than those with partially or totally controlled asthma (30.43 ± 8.71 vs. 24.92 ± 8.08; P < 0.05). In a logistic regression model, the XI test was significantly associated to ACT scores with a moderately strong correlation (r = 0.55; P = 0.005) after adjusting for the current daily dose of ICS. Xerostomia is a common symptom in the ambulatory setting. There is a moderate relationship between the degree of asthma control and the severity of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino Alcázar Navarrete
- Pneumology Department, AIG of Medicine, Hospital de Alta Resolución de Loja, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Eckerblad J, Tödt K, Jakobsson P, Unosson M, Skargren E, Kentsson M, Theander K. Symptom burden in stable COPD patients with moderate or severe airflow limitation. Heart Lung 2014; 43:351-7. [PMID: 24856227 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe a multidimensional symptom profile in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and determine whether symptom experience differed between patients with moderate or severe airflow limitations. BACKGROUND Patients with severe airflow limitation experience numerous symptoms, but little is known regarding patients with moderate airflow limitation. METHODS A multidimensional symptom profile (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale) was assessed in 42 outpatients with moderate and 49 with severe airflow limitations. RESULTS The mean number of symptoms in the total sample was 7.9 (±4.3) with no difference between patients with moderate and severe airflow limitations. The most prevalent symptoms with the highest MSAS symptom burden scores were shortness of breath, dry mouth, cough, sleep problems, and lack of energy in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with moderate or severe airflow limitations experience multiple symptoms with high severity and distress. An assessment of their multidimensional symptom profile might contribute to better symptom management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eckerblad
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 581 85 Linkoping, Sweden.
| | - K Tödt
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 581 85 Linkoping, Sweden; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, 581 85 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - P Jakobsson
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, 581 85 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - M Unosson
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 581 85 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - E Skargren
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 581 85 Linkoping Sweden
| | - M Kentsson
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ryhov Hospital, Jonkoping S-551 85, Sweden
| | - K Theander
- Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Nursing, Karlstad University, 656 37 Karlstad, Sweden; Primary Care Research Unit, Varmland County Council, Karlstad, Sweden
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Godara N, Khullar M, Godara R, Singh V. Evaluation of cariogenic potential of dry powder inhalers: A case-control study. Lung India 2013; 30:113-6. [PMID: 23741091 PMCID: PMC3669550 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are commonly employed in the management of asthma and other diseases with airway obstruction. A causal relationship of DPI use and occurrence of dental caries has been speculated. The present case-control study was therefore designed to examine the potential link between dental caries and specific use of dry powder inhalers in patients with bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 asthmatic patients aged between 10 and 45 years who were using DPIs for at least one year. The control group (n = 100) was selected from non-asthmatic individuals and were matched with the study group with respect to age, gender, and socio-economic status. Results: The results revealed that asthmatic subjects exhibited higher occurrence of dental caries in comparison to control group, but the difference was statistically non-significant. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) indices scores in asthmatic and control group were found to be 1.71 ± 2.34 SD and 1.46 ± 1.89 SD (P = 0.408), respectively. Likewise, the mean decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) indices scores in both the groups were 2.41 ± 3.84 SD and 2.34 ± 4.48 SD (P = 0.90). However, increased frequency of DPI use was associated with significant risk of caries (P = 0.01). It has been observed that oral rinsing after an inhaler use limited the occurrence of dental caries to a certain extent although was non significant. Conclusions: Dry powder inhaler use in patients with bronchial asthma was not associated with significant risk of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Godara
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaipur Dental College, Dhand, Rajasthan, India
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Pragman AA, Kim HB, Reilly CS, Wendt C, Isaacson RE. The lung microbiome in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47305. [PMID: 23071781 PMCID: PMC3469539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by incompletely reversible airflow obstruction. Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract contributes to approximately 50% of COPD exacerbations. Even during periods of stable lung function, the lung harbors a community of bacteria, termed the microbiome. The role of the lung microbiome in the pathogenesis of COPD remains unknown. The COPD lung microbiome, like the healthy lung microbiome, appears to reflect microaspiration of oral microflora. Here we describe the COPD lung microbiome of 22 patients with Moderate or Severe COPD compared to 10 healthy control patients. The composition of the lung microbiomes was determined using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Sequences were analyzed using mothur, Ribosomal Database Project, Fast UniFrac, and Metastats. Our results showed a significant increase in microbial diversity with the development of COPD. The main phyla in all samples were Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Principal coordinate analyses demonstrated separation of control and COPD samples, but samples did not cluster based on disease severity. However, samples did cluster based on the use of inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilators. Metastats analyses demonstrated an increased abundance of several oral bacteria in COPD samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A. Pragman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cavan S. Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christine Wendt
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, and for the FORTE Study Group
| | - Richard E. Isaacson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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