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Takle TV, Vishwakarma PY, Dodamani AS, Pundkar SR, Thamke SV. Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of the GumChucks Flossing System and String Floss for Plaque Removal in Mentally Disabled Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:255-259. [PMID: 39144522 PMCID: PMC11320784 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mentally disabled children have been found to have poor oral hygiene, a greater prevalence of periodontal disease, and higher caries prevalence. Flossing is an important oral hygiene skill adjacent to toothbrushing in plaque removal than brushing alone in children. GumChucks is a novel flossing device designed to assist children with easy and proper flossing techniques. To compare the efficacy of the GumChucks flossing system and string floss (SF) for plaque removal in mentally disabled children. Materials and methods Participants were randomly assigned to either GumChucks or SF. At baseline, a toothbrushing and flossing demonstration was given to all the participants. Gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were recorded at baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks postusage. Results Overall, there was a significant reduction in GI and PI after first use with children using GumChucks compared to SF floss. After 1 week and 4 weeks of postusage, children in the GumChucks group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in GI (1.03 ± 0.60), (1.12 ± 0.66), and PI (0.97 ± 0.53), (1.10 ± 0.54) from baseline p ≤ 0.05. Conclusion GumChucks was an effective alternative plaque removal, with recommended caretakers' supervision for mentally disabled children. How to cite this article Takle TV, Vishwakarma PY, Dodamani AS, et al. Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of the GumChucks Flossing System and String Floss for Plaque Removal in Mentally Disabled Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):255-259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti V Takle
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Arun S Dodamani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shruti R Pundkar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Snehal V Thamke
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Tefera AT, Girma B, Adane A, Muche A, Ayele TA, Getahun KA, Aniley Z, Ali S, Handebo S. Periodontal status of students living with disability in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:343. [PMID: 35953827 PMCID: PMC9371372 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is the most common oral health problem among individuals living with disabilities. Any physical impairment and/or mental handicap can compromise the capability to perform oral health care. Individuals with poor oral hygiene practice were prone to dental caries, periodontal disease, and upper respiratory tract infections. Despite the high prevalence of disabled people in Ethiopia, data are scarce about their periodontal status. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinant factors of periodontal disease among students living with disability in the Amhara region. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was done on eight special needs schools in Amhara regional state from November 30, 2020, to April 10, 2021. A simple random sampling technique using a computer random generator was employed to recruit the study participants. The participants were interviewed for sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practice, type of disability, and medical condition through a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The periodontal status of the participants was evaluated using the community periodontal index (CPI). Data entry was done using the Epi-data and analyzed using SPSS 26. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of periodontal disease at a 5% level of significance. Results A total of 443 study participants were involved with a mean age of 15.84 ± 3.882. Among these, 27.5% (95%CI 23.4–32.0) had a periodontal pocket depth of ≥ 4 mm, and 56.7% had bleeding on probing. The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher in participants with poor oral health status (52.2%), dental caries (34.8%), class-2 malocclusion (46.1%), and low monthly income (30.4%), visually impaired (30%), and mentally disorder (29.9%). Age of above 18 years (AOR = 3.41, 95%CI 1.40, 8.28), low family monthly income (AOR = 2.21; 95%CI 1.22, 4.03), malocclusion (AOR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.01, 2.54), poor oral health status (AOR = 9.41; 95%CI 4.92, 17.98), and dental caries (AOR = 1.85, 95%CI 1.21, 2.82) were independent predictors of periodontal disease. Conclusions A substantial amount of disabled school students in the study area had periodontal disease. The study found that there was a statistically significant association between age, family monthly income, malocclusion, oral health status, and dental caries with periodontal disease. The implementation of school oral health programs has a great benefit for the oral health status of disabled school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Teshome Tefera
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Biruk Girma
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aynishet Adane
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Muche
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Awoke Ayele
- 4Department of Biostatics and Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zelallem Aniley
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Semira Ali
- Department of Special Need and Inclusive Education, College of Education, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Simegnew Handebo
- School of Public Health, St.Paul's Hospital Millennium Medica College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Shah RK, Choudhary S, Tandon S. Oral Health Status in Mentally Disabled Children, Dental Care Knowledge of Parents, and the Impact of Audiovisual Oral Health Education Program. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:143-148. [PMID: 37457212 PMCID: PMC10338947 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and objectives The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate the oral health status in a group of mentally disabled children, to identify the oral health knowledge of parents and to assess the impact of audiovisual oral health education program. Materials and methods The study sample comprised of 120 mentally disabled subjects aged 5-16 years and 40 parents attending a vocational institute in Jaipur, India. Caries status and oral hygiene status were assessed by DMFT Index and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) of Greene and Vermillion, respectively. Twenty pre- and post-structured close-ended questions were designed and a 5-minute video on oral health education was prepared. Data was analyzed by using one way ANOVA test followed by Post hoc Tukeys HSD Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Chi-square test. Effectiveness index was calculated to find the impact of AV Teaching Program. Results Oral hygiene status deteriorates as the severity of mental retardation increases but it was not found significantly associated with oral hygiene status. An effectiveness index of at least 0.5 indicates that the instructional media was satisfactorily effective. Conclusion Maximum children with poor oral hygiene were in the category of severe mental retardation and mean OHI-S score decreases from severe-to-mild mental retardation. The newly designed audiovisual aid on complete oral health care was effective at some levels in improving the oral health knowledge of the parents/caregivers of mentally retarded children. How to cite this article Shah RK, Choudhary S, Tandon S. Oral Health Status in Mentally Disabled Children, Dental Care Knowledge of Parents, and the Impact of Audiovisual Oral Health Education Program. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):143-148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby K Shah
- Specialist Pediatric Dentist, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep Tandon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Lansdown K, Irving M, Mathieu Coulton K, Smithers-Sheedy H. A scoping review of oral health outcomes for people with cerebral palsy. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 42:232-243. [PMID: 34706111 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Good oral health is important for good overall health. Studies have reported poorer oral health outcomes for people with cerebral palsy, but there has been no synthesis of the evidence surrounding this and, there are no clear oral health recommendations for people with cerebral palsy globally. This review synthesizes the existing knowledge base on oral health in people with cerebral palsy and provides recommendations for future research. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to assess the current literature. Databases were searched using relevant search terms. Study outcomes were synthesized according to their reported outcomes. RESULTS One hundred seventy three studies were included in this review. Children with cerebral palsy have an increased risk for dental caries and untreated caries. Higher saliva osmolality is a major contributor to increased dental caries. People with cerebral palsy are more likely to experience tooth wear and bruxism. Children and their care-givers have poor oral health related quality of life. There is a large unmet need for oral healthcare in this group. There is no suggested plan for the prevention of poor oral health for this group. A high number of studies included related to research is conducted in low- and middle-income countries, care should be taken in applying results outside this context. There is a lack of research conducted in people with cerebral palsy, 18 years and over. CONCLUSION There is a higher risk for poor oral health in people with cerebral palsy and there is a large unmet need to dental care in this group. This study highlights the need for further research to focus on adults with cerebral palsy and an of understanding the oral health care outcomes in the context of settings. The authors recommend the inclusion of classification systems and the integration of disability inclusive language in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lansdown
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Irving
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kimberly Mathieu Coulton
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hayley Smithers-Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bennadi D, Konekeri V, Maurya M, Reddy V, Satish G, Reddy CVK. Oral hygiene negligence among institutionalized mentally disabled children in Mysore city-A call for attention. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2045-2051. [PMID: 32670963 PMCID: PMC7346966 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_720_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health is integral part of general health. In certain conditions especially among mentally disabled, oral health is neglected. Studies have shown that mentally disabled population has the risk of poor oral health. People with disabilities deserve the same opportunities for oral health and hygiene as those who are healthy, but sadly dental care is the most common unmet health care need of the disabled people. METHODOLOGY This comparative, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among institutionalized mentally disabled and normal children of age group 6-13 years in Mysore city. RESULTS Majority of mentally disabled children, that is, 36.73% (n = 180), had poor oral hygiene when compared with normal children, that is, 9.18% (n = 45). This difference was statistically highly significant (P < 0.000). The significant differences in the gingival status and severity of mental disability were seen (P < 0.001). The result showed that the gingival health worsens with increase in the severity of mental disability. CONCLUSION The present study showed the dental negligence among mentally disabled children where the parents, caretakers, and dentists are responsible. Oral health promotion programs should be conducted for special group children, their parents, as well as caretakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Bennadi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, Sri Siddhartha Academy Higher Education, Agalkote, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayaka Konekeri
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Al-Azhar Dental College, Perumpillichira, P.O, Thodupuzha, Idukki, Kerala, India
| | - M Maurya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Veera Reddy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bellary, Karnataka, India
| | - G Satish
- Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, KSA
| | - C. V. K. Reddy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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Couto P, Pereira PA, Nunes M, Mendes RA. Characterization of oral health in a Portuguese population with mild intellectual disability. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2019; 39:298-305. [PMID: 30990923 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to characterize the hygiene habits, the self-perception of the need for treatment and the oral condition of a population with a disability. METHODS AND RESULTS This research is part of an observational, cross-sectional epidemiological study on oral health and quality of life of people with mild intellectual disabilities living in (or attending) institutions of the Central Region of Portugal that were affiliated with HUMANITAS (Portuguese Federation for Mental Disability) in 2016. A sociodemographic and oral health questionnaire, applied on the form of an interview to 240 individuals aged between 18 and 64 years, was used. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0. It was verified that 32.9% of the individuals had less than 20 teeth. Only 15% of all individuals used removable prosthesis. About 21% didn't do oral hygiene daily. Only 28.4% of the sample visited the dentist in the last 6 months. Note that 75.2% of the sample stated their need for dental treatment and less than half (37.4%) described their oral condition as good or superior. CONCLUSION Dental care among adults with intellectual disability is one of the most unattended health needs. Evidence suggests that inadequate oral health habits are more prevalent in the studied population than in the Portuguese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Couto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beira Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paulo Almeida Pereira
- Department of Economics, Management and Social Sciences, Portuguese Catholic University, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Manuel Nunes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beira Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rui Amaral Mendes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract
Down syndrome is a common disorder with many oral conditions and systemic manifestations. Dentists need to take a holistic approach including behavioral, oral, and systemic issues. This review of the literature focuses on oral anomalies, systemic interaction, management, and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Bin Mubayrik
- Department Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Diab HA, Salameh Z, Hamadeh GN, Younes G, Ayoub F. Oral Health Status of Institutionalized Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities in Lebanon. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2017; 8:e4. [PMID: 28496964 PMCID: PMC5423309 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2017.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the dental status of institutionalized intellectually disabled individuals in Lebanon and the role of background and behavioural determinants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Oral health was recorded for 652 individuals (6, 12, 15 and 35 - 44 years old) using the decayed, missing and filled teeth/decayed and filled teeth (DMFT/dft) index. Data collected was statistically analysed with statistical significance set at P = 0.05. RESULTS Overall, mean DMFT index score was 5.86 (SD 6); composed of 3.64 (SD 4.05) decayed (D) teeth; 1.71 (SD 4.38) missing (M) teeth; 0.87 (SD 2.51) filled (F) teeth. DMFT was highest in adults (12.71 [SD 7.43]) and had a large component of missing (6.24 [SD 7.02]) and filled (3.31 [SD 4.56]) teeth. DMFT scores ranged between 3.5 (SD 4.44) at 6 years and 4.8 (SD 4.52) at 15 years and the decayed component was the main contributor. In multivariate analyses, governorate of residence was statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.040 and P ≤ 0.044) associated with D and DMFT, the degree of disability and caretaker educational level were statistically significantly (P = 0.009 and P = 0.008) associated with D, oral hygiene practices were statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.017; P < 0.001; P ≤ 0.017; P < 0.001) associated with D, M, F and DMFT and sugar consumption was statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.03 and P ≤ 0.019) associated with D and DMFT. CONCLUSIONS In Lebanon, preventive and treatment programs to improve the oral health status of institutionalized intellectually disabled subjects are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham A Diab
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, BeirutLebanon
| | - Ziad Salameh
- Department of Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, BeirutLebanon
| | - Ghassan N Hamadeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, BeirutLebanon
| | | | - Fouad Ayoub
- Department of Forensic Dentistry and Human Identification, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, BeirutLebanon
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Porovic S, Zukanovic A, Juric H, Dinarevic SM. ORAL HEALTH OF DOWN SYNDROME CHILDREN IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. Mater Sociomed 2016; 28:370-372. [PMID: 27999487 PMCID: PMC5149441 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.370-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the oral health condition Down syndrome (DS) children in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by analizing oral health of Down syndrome individuals in two largest regions, Sarajevo and Tuzla Canton. Patients and Methods: Caries and oral health status of Down syndrome children aged 6-18 years were examined and assessed according WHO 1997 criteria. DS individuals were divided in to four age groups: I (0-6 yrs); II (7-12 yrs); III (13-18 yrs). Results: The mean dmft/DMFT index for age group I is (6,40±6,05); II (2,05±2,04) and III (10,30±6,80). The analysis of oral hygiene of Down syndrome children by using the debris index, it was found that 43,9% have very good oral hygiene, 33,3% respondents have good oral hygiene, 15,8% were with poor oral hygiene, while the very poor hygiene had 7% subjects. By using Pearson’s correlation to the value of DMFT, debris index and age of examinees with Down syndrome, it is established a statistically significant positive correlation between analyzed variables. Values of CPI index according to age groups were as follows: I (0,1); II (0,17) and III group (0,4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Porovic
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Public Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amila Zukanovic
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Hrvoje Juric
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Porovic S, Zukanovic A, Juric H, Dinarevic SM. Oral Health of Down Syndrome Adults in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mater Sociomed 2016; 28:437-439. [PMID: 28144195 PMCID: PMC5239660 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.437-439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the oral health condition Down syndrome (DS) adults in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by analyzing oral health of Down syndrome individuals in two largest regions, Sarajevo and Tuzla Canton. Patients and Methods: Caries and oral health status of 33 Down syndrome adults aged 19-45 years were examined and assessed according WHO 1997 criteria. Results: The mean DMFT index is 15,96±8,08. The analysis of oral hygiene of Down syndrome children by using the debris index, is found that 42,4% have very good oral hygiene, 21,2% respondents have good oral hygiene, 27,3% are with poor oral hygiene, while the very poor hygiene have 9,1% subjects. The Value of CPI index is 0,82.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Porovic
- Public Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amila Zukanovic
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Hrvoje Juric
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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da Cunha LD, Proença MAM, Rodrigues VP, Pereira AFV, Benatti BB. Relationship between periodontal status and degree of visual impairment in institutionalized individuals. Eur J Dent 2015; 9:324-328. [PMID: 26430358 PMCID: PMC4569981 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.163322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Periodontal disease is a set of inflammatory infections that affect the supporting structures of the dentition. Patients with visual impairment (VI) may have more difficulty in cleaning and maintaining oral health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between periodontal status and degree of VI in institutionalized individuals. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two visually impaired individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. The periodontal parameters assessed were clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and visible plaque index. The degree of VI was established as: Group 1 (mild or moderate VI), Group 2 (severe or profound VI), and Group 3 (completely blind); and the types of VI were considered as congenital and acquired. Fisher's exact, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation coefficient test were used. The level of significance was set at 5%. Result: Only plaque index was higher on proximal surfaces of subjects with mild/moderate VI when compared to the other degrees of VI (P = 0.01). Furthermore, we observed higher values for interproximal CAL (P = 0.01), total PD (P = 0.04), and interproximal PD in subjects with acquired VI when compared to subjects with congenital VI (P = 0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that periodontal status may be more related to the type of disability than with the degree of VI. Acquired VI people presented a worse periodontal health than the group with congenital VI.
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Cardoso AMR, Silva CRD, Gomes LN, Gomes MDNC, Padilha WWN, Cavalcanti AL. Dental trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dent Traumatol 2015; 31:471-6. [PMID: 26033710 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Regina Duarte Silva
- Department of Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Paraiba; Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Lays Nóbrega Gomes
- Department of Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Paraiba; Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa PB Brazil
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Cardoso AMR, Gomes LN, Silva CRD, Soares RDSC, Abreu MHNGD, Padilha WWN, Cavalcanti AL. Dental caries and periodontal disease in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 12:335-53. [PMID: 25551517 PMCID: PMC4306865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was determine the prevalence and factors associated with dental caries and periodontal disease in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 80 patients ranging in age from 2 to 18 years old. Oral exams were conducted by an examiner with records of DMFT, dmft, Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The statistical analysis used Poisson Regression with robust variance estimation (α = 0.05). The prevalence of dental caries was 59.3%, with DMFT and mean dmft of 1.71 ± 2.42 and 2.22 ± 3.23, respectively. The mean GBI was 22.44%, and in the CPI, the prevalence of gingival bleeding, calculus, shallow and deep pockets were 94.73%, 79.62%, 12.90% and 3.22%, respectively. The caregiver’s educational level of less than eight years were associated with the dental caries experience (PR = 1.439; 95%CI = 1.09–1.89). The periodontal alterations were associated with female sex (PR = 0.82; 95%CI = 0.69–0.97), caregiver’s educational level of less than eight years (PR = 1.15; 95%CI = 1.03–1.29), poor oral perception (PR = 0.89; 95%CI = 0.80–0.98), serious communication problem (PR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.76–0.99) and athetoid type of CP (PR = 0.85; 95%CI = 0.75–0.97). The patients with CP presented high dental caries experience and periodontal alterations, which were associated with their demographic, socioeconomic, oral health perception and systemic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M R Cardoso
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil.
| | - Lays N Gomes
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Clara Regina D Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Renata de S C Soares
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Henrique N G de Abreu
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Wilton W N Padilha
- Postdoctoral fellow, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil.
| | - Alessandro L Cavalcanti
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil.
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Abdul Rahim FS, Mohamed AM, Marizan Nor M, Saub R. Dental care access among individuals with Down syndrome: a Malaysian scenario. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:999-1004. [PMID: 25029211 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.936036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the legal representatives' perceptions on dental care access of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) compared to their non-DS siblings in Peninsular Malaysia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted throughout community-based rehabilitation centers (CBRC) and the Down Syndrome Organization. Legal representatives of individuals with DS within the criteria were given a structured and validated questionaire. RESULT This study demonstrated that individuals with DS (76.9%) significantly utilized more health services than non-DS siblings (23.1%). The service most regularly used was speech therapy followed by opthalmology and dental services. Twenty-five per cent of respondents reported difficulty in finding dental care services for their DS child and 46.9% admitted that healthcare for their DS child took more time. The majority of DS individuals received less complex dental treatment and none received any orthodontic treatment, despite their severe occlusal problems. CONCLUSION A high proportion of parents appear to be able to access dental and medical care for their DS child. However, some parents perceived difficulty in finding oral healthcare.
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Impact of oral health behaviors on dental caries in children with intellectual disabilities in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:11015-27. [PMID: 25340906 PMCID: PMC4211020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111011015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dental care is consistently reported as one of the primary medical needs of children with disabilities (IDC). The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of oral health behaviors on the caries experience in children with intellectual disabilities in Guangzhou, China. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 477 intellectually disabled children, 12 to 17 years old, who were randomly selected from special educational schools in Guangzhou. A self-administered parental questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and oral health behavior variables, and 450 valid questionnaires were returned. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with dental caries. The average age of those in the sample was 14.6 years (SD = 1.3), 68.4% of whom were male, and the caries prevalence rate was 53.5% (DMFT = 1.5 ± 2.0). The factors significantly affecting the development of dental caries in IDC included gender, the presence or absence of cerebral palsy, and the frequency of dental visits and toothbrushing. In conclusion, the presence of cerebral palsy contributed to an increase risk of caries experience in intellectually disabled children, while toothbrushing more than twice a day and routine dental visits were caries-protective factors. Oral health promotion action may lead to a reduction in dental caries levels in IDC.
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Al-Sufyani GA, Al-Maweri SA, Al-Ghashm AA, Al-Soneidar WA. Oral hygiene and gingival health status of children with Down syndrome in Yemen: A cross-sectional study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2014; 4:82-6. [PMID: 25254190 PMCID: PMC4170549 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.139429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of the present study was to assess the oral hygiene and gingival health status among Yemeni children with Down syndrome. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 101 children with Down syndrome attending special needs schools in Sana’a, Yemen. The calculus index (CI), plaque index (PI), and the gingival index (GI) were used to assess oral hygiene and gingival health status. Results: All subjects had gingivitis; the mean CI, PI, and GI scores were 0.58 ± 0.61, 1.45 ± 0.57, and 1.54 ± 0.64, respectively, with no significant difference found across gender. Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that the best predictors in the descending order for CI were age and mother's education, and the best predictors for PI were IQ level, age, and father's education. Having severe mental retardation, older age, less educated parents were the most important predictors for poor gingival health status. Conclusions: These findings show that children with Down syndrome have poor oral hygiene and high levels of periodontal diseases. Hence, appropriate oral health education should be tailored to the needs of these children with the support of their teachers and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen
| | | | - Walid A Al-Soneidar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen
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Morales-Chávez M, Rada-Berroteran A, Arcila-Ramos L. Periodontal status in mentally handicapped school children in Caracas, Venezuela. Cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2014.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Solanki J, Gupta S, Arya A. Dental caries and periodontal status of mentally handicapped institutilized children. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC25-7. [PMID: 25177632 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8983.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most prevalent dental disease among mentally retarded children worldwide. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES A study was carried out in Jodhpur city of Rajasthan state of India to assess the Dental caries and periodontal Status of Mentally handicapped attending special schools children in Jodhpur city. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in 80 mentally handicapped subjects, attending a Special Needs school in Jodhpur City. Dental caries and Periodontal Status were recorded following the WHO basic oral health survey. RESULTS None of the subject had healthy periodontal status, dental caries was found in 79.2% of the subjects, Lymphadenopathy was observed in highest number of subjects 55 (76.3%). CONCLUSION Health professionals should therefore be aware of the impact of mental illness and its treatment on oral health, Health personnel should receive training to support and provide all possible services to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Solanki
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vyas Dental College & Hospital , Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vyas Dental College & Hospital , Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Astha Arya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative and Endodontics, P.D.M. Dental College , Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
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Al-Allaq T, DeBord TK, Liu H, Wang Y, Messadi DV. Oral health status of individuals with cerebral palsy at a nationally recognized rehabilitation center. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2014; 35:15-21. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tumouh Al-Allaq
- General Practice Residency (GPR)-Resident; Strong Hospital-University of Rochester; 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester New York
| | - Terrie K. DeBord
- Chairman, Department of Dentistry, Associate Chief Medical Officer; Ambulatory Care Center, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center
| | - Honghu Liu
- Professor, Division of Public Health and Community Dentistry; UCLA School of Dentistry, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Yan Wang
- PhD Student, Department of Biostatistics; Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA
| | - Diana V. Messadi
- Professor and Chair, Section of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain; UCLA School of Dentistry; 10833 LeConte Ave. CHS 63-019 Los Angeles California
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Ozgul O, Dursun E, Ozgul BM, Kartal Y, Coskunses FM, Kocyigit ID, Tözüm TF. The impact of handicap severity on oral and periodontal status of patients with mental retardation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:218-22. [PMID: 25095847 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mental retardation (MR) subjects comprise a considerable amount of the community and are susceptible to oral and periodontal problems due to insufficient oral care. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the oral health and periodontal status of MR patients in Turkey with regard to periodontal indices and Decay missed filling teeth (DMFT) scores and compare findings according to severity of the MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and five MR patients were included to the study and divided into 3 groups according to MR severity diagnoses. Demographic variables like age, gender, disabled sibling, BMI, living an institution and clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), missing teeth and DMFT scores were recorded from all subjects. Appropriate statistical analyses were used to compare the findings. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between groups according to age, gender, disabled sibling, living status and DMFT scores. Clinical periodontal indices and the number of missing teeth were showed a statistically significant increasing trend with the severity of MR (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between PI and periodontal disease measures like GI, PD, CAL and BOP and also between PI and DMFT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The deteriorated teeth condition and deprived periodontal health of MR patients may be most likely caused by the poor oral hygiene and may be worsen with the severity of the MR. Clinical significance: Knowledge of oral and periodontal status of mental retardation patients has great importance for public health and family education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Ozgul
- PHD DDS, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Dursun
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Memis Ozgul
- PHD DDS, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kartal
- PHD DDS, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Coskunses
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ismail Doruk Kocyigit
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Tolga F Tözüm
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Garcés C, Barrera ML, Ortiz ME, Rosas CF. Estado de Salud Oral de niños y adolescentes con Discapacidad Intelectual en una población chilena, 2012. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2013.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ameer N, Palaparthi R, Neerudu M, Palakuru SK, Singam HR, Durvasula S. Oral hygiene and periodontal status of teenagers with special needs in the district of Nalgonda, India. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 16:421-5. [PMID: 23162340 PMCID: PMC3498715 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess oral hygiene status, oral hygiene practices and periodontal status among 14-17-year-old visually impaired, deaf and dumb, intellectually disabled and physically challenged and normal teenagers in the district of Nalgonda, South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred and fifty teenagers in the age group of 14-17 years, constituting visually impaired, deaf and dumb, intellectually disabled, physically challenged and normal teenagers, were studied. Oral hygiene status and periodontal status were assessed using clinical indices and compared. RESULTS Among the five groups chosen for the study, the intellectually disabled group had the highest plaque scores and poor oral hygiene. The visually impaired and deaf and dumb had better oral hygiene compared with other disability groups. Physically handicapped showed higher loss of attachment scores and deleterious and parafunctional habits. Normal teenagers had good oral hygiene and lower plaque scores. Oral health status relied basically on proper use of oral hygiene aids and training of the groups by their care takers. CONCLUSION Disabled groups showed poor oral hygiene and higher incidence of periodontal disease, which may be attributed to the lack of coordination, understanding, physical disability or muscular limitations. Hence, more attention needs to be given to the dental needs of these individuals through ultimate, accurate and appropriate prevention, detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Ameer
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Liu HY, Chen CC, Hu WC, Tang RC, Chen CC, Tsai CC, Huang ST. The impact of dietary and tooth-brushing habits to dental caries of special school children with disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2010; 31:1160-1169. [PMID: 20850944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The daily oral activities may severely influence oral health of children with disabilities. In this survey, we analyzed the impact of dietary and tooth-brushing habits to dental caries in special school children with disabilities. This cross-sectional survey investigated 535 special school children with disabilities aged 6-12 years, 60.93% males, 39.07% females from 10 special schools in Taiwan. Oral examinations were carried out by dentists with a Kappa score of their inter-examiner agreement exceeding 0.8. Data on demographics, diet, and tooth-brushing habits of children with disabilities were collected using a standardized questionnaire completed by parents/caregivers. More than three quarters of the participants were combined with severe or profound disability. Children with profound severity in disability had a higher percentage (67.37%) in teeth-brushing by parents/caregivers compared to those children with mild/moderate severity in disability which had a higher percentage (81.60%) in teeth-brushing by themselves. Children whose teeth were brushed by parents/caregivers had a better dental health, and lower caries prevalence. The main risk factors related to decayed teeth of children with disabilities are frequency of sweets intake, ability to brush teeth and with plaque or not. The dental health education, prevention program and periodical oral check-up to children with disabilities and their parents/caregivers should be reinforced. Brushing skill should be taught to children according to their type, severity and individual characteristics of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Yueh Liu
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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