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Joshi N, Garapati K, Ghose V, Kandasamy RK, Pandey A. Recent progress in mass spectrometry-based urinary proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:14. [PMID: 38389064 PMCID: PMC10885485 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum or plasma is frequently utilized in biomedical research; however, its application is impeded by the requirement for invasive sample collection. The non-invasive nature of urine collection makes it an attractive alternative for disease characterization and biomarker discovery. Mass spectrometry-based protein profiling of urine has led to the discovery of several disease-associated biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of urine has not only been applied to disorders of the kidney and urinary bladder but also to conditions affecting distant organs because proteins excreted in the urine originate from multiple organs. This review provides a progress update on urinary proteomics carried out over the past decade. Studies summarized in this review have expanded the catalog of proteins detected in the urine in a variety of clinical conditions. The wide range of applications of urine analysis-from characterizing diseases to discovering predictive, diagnostic and prognostic markers-continues to drive investigations of the urinary proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Joshi
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kishore Garapati
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Vivek Ghose
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Richard K Kandasamy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Tan SM, Snelson M, Østergaard JA, Coughlan MT. The Complement Pathway: New Insights into Immunometabolic Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:781-801. [PMID: 34806406 PMCID: PMC9587781 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus, results in microvascular complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is partly believe to involve disrupted energy generation in the kidney, leading to injury that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. An increasing body of evidence indicates that the innate immune complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of DKD; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Recent Advances: Complement, traditionally thought of as the prime line of defense against microbial intrusion, has recently been recognized to regulate immunometabolism. Studies have shown that the complement activation products, Complement C5a and C3a, which are potent pro-inflammatory mediators, can mediate an array of metabolic responses in the kidney in the diabetic setting, including altered fuel utilization, disrupted mitochondrial respiratory function, and reactive oxygen species generation. In diabetes, the lectin pathway is activated via autoreactivity toward altered self-surfaces known as danger-associated molecular patterns, or via sensing altered carbohydrate and acetylation signatures. In addition, endogenous complement inhibitors can be glycated, whereas diet-derived glycated proteins can themselves promote complement activation, worsening DKD, and lending support for environmental influences as an additional avenue for propagating complement-induced inflammation and kidney injury. Critical Issues: Recent evidence indicates that conventional renoprotective agents used in DKD do not target the complement, leaving this web of inflammatory stimuli intact. Future Directions: Future studies should focus on the development of novel pharmacological agents that target the complement pathway to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and kidney fibrosis, thereby reducing the burden of microvascular diseases in diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 781-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Lu Q, Hou Q, Cao K, Sun X, Liang Y, Gu M, Xue X, Zhao AZ, Dai C. Complement factor B in high glucose-induced podocyte injury and diabetic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147716. [PMID: 34622800 PMCID: PMC8525650 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role and mechanisms for upregulating complement factor B (CFB) expression in podocyte dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are not fully understood. Here, analyzing Gene Expression Omnibus GSE30528 data, we identified genes enriched in mTORC1 signaling, CFB, and complement alternative pathways in podocytes from patients with DKD. In mouse models, podocyte mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling activation was induced, while blockade of mTORC1 signaling reduced CFB upregulation, alternative complement pathway activation, and podocyte injury in the glomeruli. Knocking down CFB remarkably alleviated alternative complement pathway activation and DKD in diabetic mice. In cultured podocytes, high glucose treatment activated mTORC1 signaling, stimulated STAT1 phosphorylation, and upregulated CFB expression, while blockade of mTORC1 or STAT1 signaling abolished high glucose–upregulated CFB expression. Additionally, high glucose levels downregulated protein phosphatase 2Acα (PP2Acα) expression, while PP2Acα deficiency enhanced high glucose–induced mTORC1/STAT1 activation, CFB induction, and podocyte injury. Taken together, these findings uncover a mechanism by which CFB mediates podocyte injury in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Cao
- Center for Kidney Disease and
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Xian Xue
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Allan Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease and.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Nekhai S, Lin X, Soni S, Taye A, Smith N, Afangbedji N, Saraf SL, Gordeuk VR, Taylor JG, Jerebtsova M. Urinary Kringle Domain-Containing Protein HGFL: A Validated Biomarker of Early Sickle Cell Anemia-Associated Kidney Disease. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:582-587. [PMID: 34375971 DOI: 10.1159/000517056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent complication of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Hyperfiltration that delayed detection of CKD is common in SCA patients. Identification of novel urinary biomarkers correlating with glomerular filtration rates may help to detect and predict progression of renal disease. METHODS Reanalysis of mass spectra of urinary samples obtained from University of Illinois at Chicago identified kringle domain-containing protein HGFL. RESULTS HGFL levels correlated with hyperfiltration, were significantly reduced at CKD stage 1 compared to stage 0, negatively correlated with progression of CKD and were suitable for differentiation of stage 1. Better prediction of CKD progression to stage 2 was observed for HGFL-based risk prediction compared to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)-based prediction. Results from a Howard University patient cohort supported the utility of HGFL-based test for the differentiation of stage 1 of CKD. CONCLUSION Urinary HGFL may contribute additional information beyond eGFR and improve diagnosis of early-stage CKD in SCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Nekhai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Xionghao Lin
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Simran Soni
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ammanuel Taye
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nowah Afangbedji
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Santosh L Saraf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Victor R Gordeuk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James G Taylor
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Marina Jerebtsova
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Golea-Secara A, Munteanu C, Sarbu M, Cretu OM, Velciov S, Vlad A, Bob F, Gadalean F, Gluhovschi C, Milas O, Simulescu A, Mogos-Stefan M, Patruica M, Petrica L, Zamfir AD. Urinary proteins detected using modern proteomics intervene in early type 2 diabetic kidney disease – a pilot study. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1521-1536. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: An advanced proteomics platform for protein biomarker discovery in diabetic chronic kidney disease (DKD) was developed, validated and implemented. Materials & methods: Three Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and three control subjects were enrolled. Urinary peptides were extracted, samples were analyzed on a hybrid LTQ-Orbitrap Velos Pro instrument. Raw data were searched using the SEQUEST algorithm and integrated into Proteome Discoverer platform. Results & discussion: Unique peptide sequences, resulted sequence coverage, scoring of peptide spectrum matches were reported to albuminuria and databases. Five proteins that can be associated with early DKD were found: apolipoprotein AI, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cytidine deaminase, S100-A8 and hemoglobin subunit delta. Conclusion: Urinary proteome analysis could be used to evaluate mechanisms of pathogenesis of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Golea-Secara
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Electrochemistry & Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian M Cretu
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Surgery I, Municipal Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Velciov
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vlad
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Oana Milas
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Simulescu
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Mogos-Stefan
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Patruica
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Centre of Translational Research & Systems Medicine, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- National Institute for Research & Development in Electrochemistry & Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
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Taunk K, Kalita B, Kale V, Chanukuppa V, Naiya T, Zingde SM, Rapole S. The development and clinical applications of proteomics: an Indian perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:433-451. [PMID: 32576061 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1787157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteomic research has been extensively used to identify potential biomarkers or targets for various diseases. Advances in mass spectrometry along with data analytics have led proteomics to become a powerful tool for exploring the critical molecular players associated with diseases, thereby, playing a significant role in the development of proteomic applications for the clinic. AREAS COVERED This review presents recent advances in the development and clinical applications of proteomics in India toward understanding various diseases including cancer, metabolic diseases, and reproductive diseases. Keywords combined with 'clinical proteomics in India' 'proteomic research in India' and 'mass spectrometry' were used to search PubMed. EXPERT OPINION The past decade has seen a significant increase in research in clinical proteomics in India. This approach has resulted in the development of proteomics-based marker technologies for disease management in the country. The majority of these investigations are still in the discovery phase and efforts have to be made to address the intended clinical use so that the identified potential biomarkers reach the clinic. To move toward this necessity, there is a pressing need to establish some key infrastructure requirements and meaningful collaborations between the clinicians and scientists which will enable more effective solutions to address health issues specific to India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal , Haringhata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaikhari Kale
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Tufan Naiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal , Haringhata, West Bengal, India
| | - Surekha M Zingde
- CH3-53, Kendriya Vihar, Sector 11, Kharghar , Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Tu Q, Li Y, Jin J, Jiang X, Ren Y, He Q. Curcumin alleviates diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting podocyte mesenchymal transdifferentiation and inducing autophagy in rats and MPC5 cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:778-786. [PMID: 31741405 PMCID: PMC6882478 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1688843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Curcumin could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism remains unclear.Objective: The efficacy of curcumin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocyte and autophagy in vivo and in vitro was explored.Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the normal, model and curcumin (300 mg/kg/d, i.g., for 8 weeks) groups. Rats received streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and high-fat-sugar diet to induce DN. Biochemical indicators and histomorphology of renal tissues were observed. In addition, cultured mouse podocytes (MPC5) was induced to EMT with serum from DN rats, and then exposed to curcumin (40 µM) with or without fumonisin B1, an Akt specific activator or 3BDO, the mTOR inducer. Western blot analysed the levels of EMT and autophagy associated proteins.Results: Administration of curcumin obviously reduced the levels of blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and urine albumen (by 28.4, 37.6, 33.5 and 22.4%, respectively), and attenuated renal histomorphological changes in DN rats. Podocytes were partially fused and autophagic vacuoles were increased in curcumin-treated rats. Furthermore, curcumin upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and LC3 proteins and downregulated the vimentin, TWIST1, p62, p-mTOR, p-Akt and P13K levels in DN rats and MPC5 cells. However, fumonisin B1 or 3BDO reversed the effects of curcumin on the expression of these proteins in cells.Discussion and conclusions: The protection against development of DN by curcumin treatment involved changes in inducing autophagy and alleviating podocyte EMT, through the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway, providing the scientific basis for further research and clinical applications of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudi Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Watanabe Y, Hirao Y, Kasuga K, Tokutake T, Semizu Y, Kitamura K, Ikeuchi T, Nakamura K, Yamamoto T. Molecular Network Analysis of the Urinary Proteome of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2019; 9:53-65. [PMID: 31043964 PMCID: PMC6477484 DOI: 10.1159/000496100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The identification of predictive biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) from urine would aid in screening for the disease, but information about biological and pathophysiological changes in the urine of AD patients is limited. This study aimed to explore the comprehensive profile and molecular network relations of urinary proteins in AD patients. Methods Urine samples collected from 18 AD patients and 18 age- and sex-matched cognitively normal controls were analyzed by mass spectrometry and semiquantified with the normalized spectral index method. Bioinformatics analyses were performed on proteins which significantly increased by more than 2-fold or decreased by less than 0.5-fold compared to the control (p < 0.05) using DAVID bioinformatics resources and KeyMolnet software. Results The levels of 109 proteins significantly differed between AD patients and controls. Among these, annotation clusters related to lysosomes, complement activation, and gluconeogenesis were significantly enriched. The molecular relation networks derived from these proteins were mainly associated with pathways of lipoprotein metabolism, heat shock protein 90 signaling, matrix metalloproteinase signaling, and redox regulation by thioredoxin. Conclusion Our findings suggest that changes in the urinary proteome of AD patients reflect systemic changes related to AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Watanabe
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tokutake
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuka Semizu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Bikle DD, Malmstroem S, Schwartz J. Current Controversies: Are Free Vitamin Metabolite Levels a More Accurate Assessment of Vitamin D Status than Total Levels? Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2017; 46:901-918. [PMID: 29080642 PMCID: PMC5675107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The free hormone hypothesis postulates that only the nonbound fraction (the free fraction) of hormones that otherwise circulate in blood bound to their carrier proteins is able to enter cells and exert their biologic effects. For the vitamin D metabolites less than 1% (0.4% for 1,25(OH)2D and 0.03% for 25(OH)D) is free, with more than 99% bound to the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and albumin (approximately 85% and 15%, respectively). Assays to measure the free vitamin D metabolite levels have been developed, and initial studies indicated their value in subjects with altered DBP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Sofie Malmstroem
- University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janice Schwartz
- University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Impact of high glucose and AGEs on cultured kidney-derived cells. Effects on cell viability, lysosomal enzymes and effectors of cell signaling pathways. Biochimie 2017; 135:137-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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