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Viswanathan S, Sandeep Oza P, Bellad A, Uttarilli A. Conotruncal Heart Defects: A Narrative Review of Molecular Genetics, Genomics Research and Innovation. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:324-346. [PMID: 38986083 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are most prevalent cardiac defects that occur at birth, leading to significant neonatal mortality and morbidity, especially in the developing nations. Among the CHDs, conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are particularly noteworthy, comprising a significant portion of congenital cardiac anomalies. While advances in imaging and surgical techniques have improved the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of CTDs, their molecular genetics and genomic substrates remain incompletely understood. This expert review covers the recent advances from January 2016 onward and examines the complexities surrounding the genetic etiologies, prevalence, embryology, diagnosis, and clinical management of CTDs. We also emphasize the known copy number variants and single nucleotide variants associated with CTDs, along with the current planetary health research efforts aimed at CTDs in large cohort studies. In all, this comprehensive narrative review of molecular genetics and genomics research and innovation on CTDs draws from and highlights selected works from around the world and offers new ideas for advances in CTD diagnosis, precision medicine interventions, and accurate assessment of prognosis and recurrence risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Viswanathan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi Sandeep Oza
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anikha Bellad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha Uttarilli
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Liu K, Xiao Y, Gan L, Li W, Zhang J, Min J. Structural basis for specific DNA sequence motif recognition by the TFAP2 transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8270-8282. [PMID: 37409559 PMCID: PMC10450164 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The TFAP2 family regulates gene expression during differentiation, development, and organogenesis, and includes five homologs in humans. They all possess a highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD) followed by a helix-span-helix (HSH) domain. The DBD-HSH tandem domain specifically binds to a GCC(N3)GGC consensus sequence, but the precise recognition mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that TFAP2 preferred binding to the GCC(N3)GGC sequence, and the pseudo-palindromic GCC and GGC motifs and the length of the central spacer between the two motifs determined their binding specificity. Structural studies revealed that the two flat amphipathic α-helical HSH domains of TFAP2A stacked with each other to form a dimer via hydrophobic interactions, while the stabilized loops from both DBD domains inserted into two neighboring major grooves of the DNA duplex to form base-specific interactions. This specific DNA binding mechanism controlled the length of the central spacer and determined the DNA sequence specificity of TFAP2. Mutations of the TFAP2 proteins are implicated in various diseases. We illustrated that reduction or disruption of the DNA binding ability of the TFAP2 proteins is the primary cause of TFAP2 mutation-associated diseases. Thus, our findings also offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of disease-associated mutations in TFAP2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yuqing Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Linyao Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Weifang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jinrong Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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Kukshal P, Joshi RO, Kumar A, Ahamad S, Murthy PR, Sathe Y, Manohar K, Guhathakurta S, Chellappan S. Case-control association study of congenital heart disease from a tertiary paediatric cardiac centre from North India. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 37322441 PMCID: PMC10268439 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital Heart diseases (CHDs) account for 1/3rd of all congenital birth defects. Etiopathogenesis of CHDs remain elusive despite extensive investigations globally. Phenotypic heterogeneity witnessed in this developmental disorder reiterate gene-environment interactions with periconceptional factors as risk conferring; and genetic analysis of both sporadic and familial forms of CHD suggest its multigenic basis. Significant association of de novo and inherited variants have been observed. Approximately 1/5th of CHDs are documented in the ethnically distinct Indian population but genetic insights have been very limited. This pilot case-control based association study was undertaken to investigate the status of Caucasian SNPs in a north Indian cohort. METHOD A total of 306 CHD cases sub-classified into n = 198 acyanotic and n = 108 cyanotic types were recruited from a dedicated tertiary paediatric cardiac centre in Palwal, Haryana. 23 SNPs primarily prioritized from Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on Caucasians were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY Technology and test of association was performed with adequately numbered controls. RESULTS Fifty percent of the studied SNPs were substantially associated in either allelic, genotypic or sub-phenotype categories validating their strong correlation with disease manifestation. Of note, strongest allelic association was observed for rs73118372 in CRELD1 (p < 0.0001) on Chr3, rs28711516 in MYH6 (p = 0.00083) and rs735712 in MYH7 (p = 0.0009) both on Chr 14 and were also significantly associated with acyanotic, and cyanotic categories separately. rs28711516 (p = 0.003) and rs735712 (p = 0.002) also showed genotypic association. Strongest association was observed with rs735712(p = 0.003) in VSD and maximum association was observed for ASD sub-phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Caucasian findings were partly replicated in the north Indian population. The findings suggest the contribution of genetic, environmental and sociodemographic factors, warranting continued investigations in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Kukshal
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, Haryana, District Palwal, Pin- 121102, India.
| | - Radha O Joshi
- Present address Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai- 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, Haryana, District Palwal, Pin- 121102, India
| | - Shadab Ahamad
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, Haryana, District Palwal, Pin- 121102, India
| | - Prabhatha Rashmi Murthy
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Centre for Child Heart Care and Training in Paediatric Cardiac Skills, Navi Mumbai Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh Sathe
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care & Research, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, District Palwal, Haryana, Pin 121102, India
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care & Research, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, District Palwal, Haryana, Pin 121102, India
| | - Soma Guhathakurta
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Foundation, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, Haryana, District Palwal, Pin- 121102, India
| | - Subramanian Chellappan
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care & Research, NH-2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, Baghola, District Palwal, Haryana, Pin 121102, India.
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The regulatory role of AP-2β in monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems: insights on its signalling pathway, linked disorders and theragnostic potential. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:151. [PMID: 36076256 PMCID: PMC9461128 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMonoaminergic neurotransmitter systems play a central role in neuronal function and behaviour. Dysregulation of these systems gives rise to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders with high prevalence and societal burden, collectively termed monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (MNDs). Despite extensive research, the transcriptional regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems is not fully explored. Interestingly, certain drugs that act on these systems have been shown to modulate central levels of the transcription factor AP-2 beta (AP-2β, gene: TFAP2Β). AP-2β regulates multiple key genes within these systems and thereby its levels correlate with monoamine neurotransmitters measures; yet, its signalling pathways are not well understood. Moreover, although dysregulation of TFAP2Β has been associated with MNDs, the underlying mechanisms for these associations remain elusive. In this context, this review addresses AP-2β, considering its basic structural aspects, regulation and signalling pathways in the controlling of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, and possible mechanisms underpinning associated MNDS. It also underscores the significance of AP-2β as a potential diagnostic biomarker and its potential and limitations as a therapeutic target for specific MNDs as well as possible pharmaceutical interventions for targeting it. In essence, this review emphasizes the role of AP-2β as a key regulator of the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems and its importance for understanding the pathogenesis and improving the management of MNDs.
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Witman N, Zhou C, Grote Beverborg N, Sahara M, Chien KR. Cardiac progenitors and paracrine mediators in cardiogenesis and heart regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:29-51. [PMID: 31862220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hearts have the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs. As such, heart regeneration has been and continues to be the ultimate goal in the treatment against acquired and congenital heart diseases. Uncovering such a long-awaited therapy is still extremely challenging in the current settings. On the other hand, this desperate need for effective heart regeneration has developed various forms of modern biotechnologies in recent years. These involve the transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors or cardiomyocytes generated in vitro and novel biochemical molecules along with tissue engineering platforms. Such newly generated technologies and approaches have been shown to effectively proliferate cardiomyocytes and promote heart repair in the diseased settings, albeit mainly preclinically. These novel tools and medicines give somehow credence to breaking down the barriers associated with re-building heart muscle. However, in order to maximize efficacy and achieve better clinical outcomes through these cell-based and/or cell-free therapies, it is crucial to understand more deeply the developmental cellular hierarchies/paths and molecular mechanisms in normal or pathological cardiogenesis. Indeed, the morphogenetic process of mammalian cardiac development is highly complex and spatiotemporally regulated by various types of cardiac progenitors and their paracrine mediators. Here we discuss the most recent knowledge and findings in cardiac progenitor cell biology and the major cardiogenic paracrine mediators in the settings of cardiogenesis, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Massaad E, Tfayli H, Awwad J, Nabulsi M, Farra C. Char Syndrome a novel mutation and new insights: A clinical report. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103607. [PMID: 30579973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription Factor AP-2 Beta (TFAP2B) functions in the differentiation of neural crest cell derivatives and contributes to the embryogenesis of the ductus arteriosus. Mutations of TFAP2B produces Char syndrome. Char syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder comprising facial dysmorphism, hand anomalies, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In this report, we describe a proband with a de novo TFAP2B frameshift mutation c.650delG p.(Gly217Alafs*32) in the basic domain. The proband presented mainly with musculoskeletal features of Char syndrome. No PDA was identified at presentation suggesting that this syndrome may prove to be phenotypically heterogeneous. This report will help illustrate the genotype/phenotype correlation of TAFB2 mutations and better delineate the clinical features in Char syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Massaad
- Medical Genetics Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - H Tfayli
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - J Awwad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - M Nabulsi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - C Farra
- Medical Genetics Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
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Wang HD, Liu L, Zhao HR, Hou QF, Yan JB, Shi WL, Guo QN, Wang L, Liao SX, Zhu BF. Detection of fetal epigenetic biomarkers through genome-wide DNA methylation study for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3989-3998. [PMID: 28440505 PMCID: PMC5436219 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cell-free DNA fetal (cff DNA) in maternal plasma during pregnancy provides a novel perspective for the development of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). Against the background of maternal DNA, the use of the relatively low concentration of cff DNA is limited in NIPD. Therefore, in order to overcome the complication of the background of maternal DNA and expand the scope of cff DNA application in clinical practice, it is necessary to identify novel universal fetal-specific DNA markers. The GeneChip Human Promoter 1.0R Array set was used in the present study to analyze the methylation status of 12 placental tissue and maternal peripheral blood whole-genome DNA samples. In total, 5 fetus differential hypermethylation regions and 6 fetus differential hypomethylation regions were identified. In order to verify the 11 selected methylation regions and detect the differential CpG sites in these regions, a bisulfate direct sequencing strategy was used. In total, 87 fetal differential methylation CpG sites were identified from 123 CpG sites. The detection of fetal differential methylation DNA regions and CpG sites may be instrumental in the development of efficient NIPD and in the expansion of its application in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ru Zhao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Fang Hou
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Bin Yan
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health of China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Li Shi
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Nan Guo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Xiu Liao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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TFAP2B mutation and dental anomalies. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:769-775. [PMID: 28381879 PMCID: PMC5537417 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations inTFAP2B has been reported in patients with isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and Char syndrome. We performed mutation analysis of TFAP2B in 43 patients with isolated PDA, 7 patients with PDA with other congenital heart defects and 286 patients with isolated tooth agenesis with or without other dental anomalies. The heterozygous c.1006G>A mutation was identified in 20 individuals. Those mutation carriers consisted of 1 patient with term PDA (1/43), 16 patients with isolated tooth agenesis with or without other dental anomalies (16/286; 5.6%), 1 patient with PDA and severe valvular aortic stenosis and tooth agenesis (1/4) and 2 normal controls (2/100; 1%). The mutation is predicted to cause an amino-acid substitution p.Val336Ile in the TFAP2B protein. Tfap2b expression during early mouse tooth development supports the association of TFAP2B mutation and dental anomalies. It is hypothesized that this incidence might have been the result of founder effect. Here we report for the first time that TFAP2B mutation is associated with tooth agenesis, microdontia, supernumerary tooth and root maldevelopment. In addition, we also found that TFAP2B mutations, the common causes of PDA in Caucasian, are not the common cause of PDA in Thai population.
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Chen L, Chu C, Zhang YH, Zhu C, Kong X, Huang T, Cai YD. Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in the Human Brain Stem, Cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159395. [PMID: 27434030 PMCID: PMC4951119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is one of the most mysterious tissues in the body. Our knowledge of the human brain is limited due to the complexity of its structure and the microscopic nature of connections between brain regions and other tissues in the body. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of three brain regions-the brain stem, cerebellum and cerebral cortex-to identify genes that are differentially expressed among these different brain regions in humans and to obtain a list of robust, region-specific, differentially expressed genes by comparing the expression signatures from different individuals. Feature selection methods, specifically minimum redundancy maximum relevance and incremental feature selection, were employed to analyze the gene expression profiles. Sequential minimal optimization, a machine-learning algorithm, was employed to examine the utility of selected genes. We also performed a literature search, and we discuss the experimental evidence for the important physiological functions of several highly ranked genes, including NR2E1, DAO, and LRRC7, and we give our analyses on a gene (TFAP2B) that have not been investigated or experimentally validated. As a whole, the results of our study will improve our ability to predict and understand genes related to brain regionalization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Changming Zhu
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- * E-mail: (YDC); (TH)
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- * E-mail: (YDC); (TH)
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Iovannisci DM. The hunt for genetic risk among Mysore, south India patent ductus arteriosus patients. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134:588-90. [PMID: 22199095 PMCID: PMC3249954 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.90981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David M Iovannisci
- Birth Defects Research Lab, Children's Hospital & Research Centre Oakland, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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