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Gupta K, Vishwakarma J, Garg A, Pandey R, Jain V, Gupta R, Das U, Roy S, Bandyopadhyay S. Arsenic Induces GSK3β-dependent p-tau, neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment via an interdependent hippocampal ERα and IL-1/IL-1R1 mechanism in female rats. Toxicol Sci 2022; 190:79-98. [PMID: 35993674 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental contaminant with potential neurotoxicity. We previously reported that arsenic promoted hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, inducing cognitive loss. Here, we correlated it with tau pathology. We observed that environmentally relevant arsenic exposure increased tau phosphorylation and the principal tau kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), in the female rat hippocampal neurons. We detected the same in primary hippocampal neurons. Since a regulated estrogen receptor (ER) level and inflammation contributed to normal hippocampal functions, we examined their levels following arsenic exposure. Our ER screening data revealed that arsenic down-regulated hippocampal neuronal ERα. We also detected an up-regulated hippocampal interleukin-1 (IL-1) and its receptor, IL-1R1. Further, co-treating arsenic with the ERα agonist, 4,4',4''-(4-Propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT), or IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) resulted in reduced GSK3β and p-tau, indicating involvement of decreased ERα and increased IL-1/IL-1R1 in tau hyperphosphorylation. We then checked whether ERα and IL-1/IL-1R1 had linkage, and detected that while PPT reduced IL-1 and IL-1R1, the IL-1Ra restored ERα, suggesting their arsenic-induced interdependence. We finally correlated this pathway with apoptosis and cognition. We observed that PPT, IL-1Ra and the GSK3β inhibitor, LiCl, reduced hippocampal neuronal cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL+ve apoptotic count, and decreased the number of errors during learning and increased the saving-memory for Y-Maze Test and retention performance for Passive avoidance test in arsenic-treated rats. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism of arsenic-induced GSK3β-dependent tau pathology via interdependent ERα and IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling. It also envisages the protective role of ERα agonist and IL-1 inhibitor against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jitendra Vishwakarma
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asmita Garg
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rukmani Pandey
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Veena Jain
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Raksha Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,DAV PG College, Nasirabad, Buxipur, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273001, India
| | - Uttara Das
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Somendu Roy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Artichoke Leaf Extract-Mediated Neuroprotection against Effects of Aflatoxin in Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4421828. [PMID: 35909495 PMCID: PMC9325642 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4421828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attenuation of adverse effects of aflatoxin (AFB1) in brains of B1 rats by extracts of leaves of artichoke was studied. The active ingredients in extracts of leaves of artichoke, Cynara scolymus L., were determined by HPLC analysis. In the 42-day experiment, rats were exposed to either sterile water, 4% DMSO, 100 mg artichoke leaf extract/kg body mass, 72 μg aflatoxin B1/kg body mass, or AFB1 plus artichoke leaf extract. Neurotoxicity of AFB1 was determined by an increase in profile of lipids, augmentation of plasmatic glucose and concentrations of insulin, oxidative stress, increased activities of cholinergic enzymes, and a decrease in activities of several antioxidant enzymes and pathological changes in brain tissue. Extracts of artichoke leaf significantly reduced adverse effects caused by AFB1, rescuing most of the parameters to values similar to unexposed controls, which demonstrated that adverse, neurotoxic effects caused by aflatoxin B1 could be significantly reduced by simultaneous dietary supplementation with artichoke leaf extract, which itself is not toxic.
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Zhou H, Ling H, Li Y, Jiang X, Cheng S, Zubeir GM, Xia Y, Qin X, Zhang J, Zou Z, Chen C. Downregulation of beclin 1 restores arsenite-induced impaired autophagic flux by improving the lysosomal function in the brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113066. [PMID: 34929507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite is a toxic metalloid that causes various adverse effects in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms of arsenite-induced neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. In this study, both adult beclin 1+/+ and beclin 1+/- mice were employed to establish a model of chronic arsenite exposure by treating with arsenite via drinking water for 6 months. The results clearly demonstrated that exposure to arsenite profoundly caused damage to the cerebral cortex, induced autophagy and impaired autophagic flux in the cerebral cortex. Heterozygous disruption of beclin 1 in animals remarkably alleviated the neurotoxic effects of arsenite. To verify the results obtained in the animals, a permanent U251 cell line was used. After treating of cells with arsenite, similar phenomenon was also observed, showing the significant elevation in the expression levels of autophagy-related genes. Importantly, lysosomal dysfunction caused by arsenite was observed in vitro and in vivo. Either knockdown of beclin 1 in cells or heterozygous disruption of beclin 1 in animals remarkably alleviated the lysosomal dysfunction induced by arsenite. These findings indicate that downregulation of beclin 1 could restore arsenite-induced impaired autophagic flux possibly through improving lysosomal function, and correct that regulation of autophagy via beclin 1 would be an alternative approach for the treatment of arsenite neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ling
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Navarro-Espinoza S, Angulo-Molina A, Meza-Figueroa D, López-Cervantes G, Meza-Montenegro M, Armienta A, Soto-Puebla D, Silva-Campa E, Burgara-Estrella A, Álvarez-Bajo O, Pedroza-Montero M. Effects of Untreated Drinking Water at Three Indigenous Yaqui Towns in Mexico: Insights from a Murine Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020805. [PMID: 33477870 PMCID: PMC7832869 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Reports in a northwestern Mexico state linked arsenic (As) in drinking water to DNA damage in people from indigenous communities. However, this correlation remains under discussion due to unknown variables related to nutrition, customs, and the potential presence of other metal(oid)s. Methods: To determine this association, we sampled water from three Yaqui towns (Cócorit, Vícam, and Pótam), and analyzed the metals by ICP-OES. We exposed four separate groups, with five male CD-1 mice each, to provide further insight into the potential effects of untreated drinking water. Results: The maximum concentrations of each metal(oid) in µg·L−1 were Sr(819) > Zn(135) > As(75) > Ba(57) > Mo(56) > Cu(17) > Al(14) > Mn(12) > Se(19). Histological studies revealed brain cells with angulation, satellitosis, and reactive gliosis with significant statistical correlation with Mn and As. Furthermore, the liver cells presented hepatocellular degeneration. Despite the early response, there is no occurrence of both statistical and significative changes in hematological parameters. Conclusions: The obtained results provide experimental insights to understand the potential effects of untreated water with low As and Mn contents in murine models. This fact is noteworthy because of the development of histological changes on both the brain and liver at subchronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Navarro-Espinoza
- Department of Geology, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Aracely Angulo-Molina
- Department of Biological Chemical Sciences, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
- Department of Physics Research, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.S.-P.); (E.S.-C.); (A.B.-E.); (O.Á.-B.)
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Department of Geology, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (D.M.-F.); (M.P.-M.)
| | - Guillermo López-Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Mercedes Meza-Montenegro
- Department of Natural Resources, Sonora Technological Institute, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Obregon City 85000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Aurora Armienta
- Institute of Geophysics, National Autonomous University of Mexico-UNAM, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Diego Soto-Puebla
- Department of Physics Research, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.S.-P.); (E.S.-C.); (A.B.-E.); (O.Á.-B.)
| | - Erika Silva-Campa
- Department of Physics Research, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.S.-P.); (E.S.-C.); (A.B.-E.); (O.Á.-B.)
| | - Alexel Burgara-Estrella
- Department of Physics Research, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.S.-P.); (E.S.-C.); (A.B.-E.); (O.Á.-B.)
| | - Osiris Álvarez-Bajo
- Department of Physics Research, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.S.-P.); (E.S.-C.); (A.B.-E.); (O.Á.-B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología CONACyT, Insurgentes 1582, Benito Juárez 03940, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Martín Pedroza-Montero
- Department of Physics Research, University of Sonora, Rosales and Encinas, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.S.-P.); (E.S.-C.); (A.B.-E.); (O.Á.-B.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.-F.); (M.P.-M.)
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Concessao P, Bairy LK, Raghavendra AP. Protective effect of Mucuna pruriens against arsenic-induced liver and kidney dysfunction and neurobehavioral alterations in rats. Vet World 2020; 13:1555-1566. [PMID: 33061227 PMCID: PMC7522945 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1555-1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intoxication of arsenic in rats is known to result in neurological effects as well as liver and kidney dysfunction. Mucuna pruriens has been identified for its medicinal properties. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens on sodium arsenite-induced memory impairment, liver, and kidney functions in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was divided into short-term treatment (45 days) and long-term treatment (90 days), with each group divided into nine sub-groups consisting of six animals each. Sub-groups 1 and 2 served as normal, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) controls, respectively. Sub-groups 3-9 received sodium arsenite in drinking water (50 mg/L). In addition, sub-group 4 received NAC (210 mg/kg b.wt) orally once daily, sub-groups 5-7 received aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens (350 mg/kg b.wt, 530 mg/kg b.wt, and 700 mg/kg b.wt) orally once daily and sub-groups 8 and 9 received a combination of NAC and aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens (350 mg/kg b.wt and 530 mg/kg b.wt) orally once daily. Following the treatment, the blood was drawn retro-orbitally to assess the liver (serum alanine transaminase [ALT], serum aspartate transaminase, and serum alkaline phosphatase) and kidney (serum urea and serum creatinine) functions. Learning and memory were assessed by passive avoidance test. Animals were sacrificed by an overdose of ketamine, and their Nissl stained hippocampal sections were analyzed for alterations in neural cell numbers in CA1 and CA3 regions. RESULTS In the short-term treatment, groups administered with M. pruriens 530 mg/kg b.wt alone and combination of NAC + M. pruriens 350 mg/kg b.wt exhibited a significant improvement in memory retention, less severe neurodegeneration, and decrease in serum ALT levels. In long-term treatment, groups administered with M. pruriens 700 mg/kg b.wt alone and combination of NAC+M. pruriens 350 mg/kg b.wt, respectively, showed better memory retention, decreased neural deficits, and reduced levels of kidney and liver enzymes. CONCLUSION The seed extract of M. pruriens showed significant enhancement in memory and learning. The number of surviving neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions also increased on treatment with M. pruriens. Serum ALT, serum urea, and serum creatinine levels showed significant improvement on long-term treatment with M. pruriens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Concessao
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Laxminarayana Kurady Bairy
- Department of Pharmacology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Archana Parampalli Raghavendra
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Peruru R, Usha Rani R, Thatiparthi J, Sampathi S, Dodoala S, Prasad K. Devil's claw ( Harpagophytum procumbens) ameliorates the neurobehavioral changes and neurotoxicity in female rats exposed to arsenic. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03921. [PMID: 32420487 PMCID: PMC7218267 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 200 million people are exposed to arsenic worldwide in their daily lives. Arsenic is a toxic ubiquitous metalloid distributed in the ground water. From the last few decades it is obtaining considerable attention for its severe neurotoxic properties. In this study the neuroprotective efficacy of devil's claw (DCW), a potent antioxidant has been investigated against arsenic induced neurotoxicity in female rats. Neurotoxicity was established by oral administration of 13 mg/kg sodium arsenite. The animals were divided into five groups (n = 6) including normal control, disease/arsenic control, standard treatment (Apocynin, 10 mg/kg), DCW treatment I (DCW, 200 mg/kg) and DCW treatment II (DCW, 400 mg/kg). Exploratory, anxiety and motor coordination related behavior of the animals was assessed using hole-board, forced swimming, beam walk and elevated plus maze tests. Findings revealed that DCW treatment ameliorated anxiety and motor in-coordination in the rats compared to the arsenic control group. In addition, arsenic induced a significant oxidative stress in arsenic only treated group, whereas co-administration with DCW the oxidative stress was reduced prominently. Arsenic control group produced gliosis and nuclear pyknosis of the brain cells which were prominently suppressed with the treatment of DCW for 21 days. The activity of DCW was in correlation with the concentration of harpagoside in the serum estimated by the HPLC method, supports that harpagoside was the active constituent responsible for neuroprotective effect. Further findings are required to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroprotective effect of harpagoside and DCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupasree Peruru
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | - R. Usha Rani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | - Jhansyrani Thatiparthi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | - Sunitha Sampathi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, India
| | - Sujatha Dodoala
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
| | - K.V.S.R.G. Prasad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
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Sunariani J, Khoswanto C, Irmalia WR. Difference of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and pyramid cell count during mastication of food with varying hardness. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180182. [PMID: 30970112 PMCID: PMC6442831 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that mastication activity can affect learning and memory function. However, most were focused on mastication impaired models by providing long-term soft diet. The effects of chewing food with various hardness, especially during the growth period, remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To analyze the difference of hippocampus function and morphology, as characterized by pyramidal cell count and BDNF expression in different mastication activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS 28-day old, post-weaned, male-Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=7); the first (K0) was fed a standard diet using pellets as the control, the second (K1) was fed soft food and the third (K2) was fed hard food. After eight weeks, the rats were decapitated, their brains were removed and placed on histological plates made to count the pyramid cells and quantify BDNF expression in the hippocampus. Data collected were compared using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Results confirmed the pyramid cell count (K0=169.14±27.25; K1=130.14±29.32; K2=128.14±39.02) and BDNF expression (K0=85.27±19.78; K1=49.57±20.90; K2=36.86±28.97) of the K0 group to be significantly higher than that of K1 and K2 groups (p<0.05); no significant difference in the pyramidal cell count and BNDF expression was found between K1 and K2 groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION A standard diet leads to the optimum effect on hippocampus morphology. Food consistency must be appropriately suited to each development stage, in this case, hippocampus development in post-weaned period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sunariani
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Christian Khoswanto
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Caisberger F, Pejchal J, Misik J, Kassa J, Valis M, Kuca K. The benefit of combinations of oximes for the ability of antidotal treatment to counteract sarin-induced brain damage in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:35. [PMID: 29954446 PMCID: PMC6022407 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of our study was to compare the ability of two combinations of oximes (HI-6 + trimedoxime and HI-6 + K203) with atropine to counteract acute sarin-induced brain damage with the efficacy of antidotal treatment involving single oxime (HI-6) and atropin using in vivo methods. Methods Brain damage and neuroprotective effects of antidotal treatment were evaluated in rats poisoned with sarin at a sublethal dose (108 μg/kg i.m.; 90% LD50) using histopathological, Fluoro-Jade B and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis 24 h after sarin administration. Results Both combinations of oximes reduce the number of rats that died before the end of experiment compared to non-treated sarin poisoning and sarin poisoning treated with HI-6 and atropine. In the case of treatment of sarin poisoning with HI-6 in combination with K203, all rats survived till the end of experiment. HI-6 with atropine was able to reduce sarin-induced brain damage, however, both combinations were slightly more effective. Conclusions The oxime HI-6 in combination with K203 and atropine seems to be the most effective. Thus, both tested oxime combinations bring a small benefit in elimination of acute sarin-induced brain damage compared to single oxime antidotal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Caisberger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Misik
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. .,Biomedical Research Center, Uiversity Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Lu Y, Ho CS, McIntyre RS, Wang W, Ho RC. Effects of vortioxetine and fluoxetine on the level of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factors (BDNF) in the hippocampus of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:1-7. [PMID: 29933036 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vortioxetine is a novel antidepressant capable of improving depressive and cognitive symptoms associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study established whether treatment with vortioxetine, fluoxetine or vehicle alters the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) under the 21-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) condition in 54 Sprague-Dawley rats. Vortioxetine mitigated the reduction in rearing behavior by CUMS in the OFT on day 7 and 21, as well as sucrose preference on day 21. Histological examination by H&E staining showed that most hippocampal neurons in the CUMS + FLU and CUMS + VOR groups were intact, although some of them demonstrated karyopyknosis. The mean optical density value of hippocampal BDNF was significantly higher in the CUMS + VOR group than the CUMS and CUMS + FLU groups. There was a trend towards a higher number of hippocampal BDNF-positive cells in the CUMS + VOR group, although it did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, vortioxetine, but not fluoxetine, increased hippocampal BDNF levels in rats subject to CUMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Cyrus S Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Roger C Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to enduring cognitive disorders. Although recent evidence has shown that controlled cortical impact in a rodent may induce memory deficits with prolonged cell death in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, few studies have reported long-term chronic hippocampal cell death following 'closed-head' TBI (cTBI), the predominant form of human TBI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)(+) apoptotic hippocampal cells as well as hippocampal cells with hallmark morphological features of degenerating cells in a chronic setting of cTBI in rats. TUNEL assays and Cresyl violet staining were performed using 6-month post-TBI fixed hippocampal sections. Evidence of prolonged hippocampal cell death was shown by the presence of a significantly increased number of TUNEL(+) cells in the cornu ammonis 1-3 (CA1-CA3) and DG of the hippocampus compared with intact controls. In addition, Cresyl violet staining indicated a significantly elevated number of cells with the degenerative morphological features in all hippocampal subregions (CA1-CA3, hilus, and DG). These results suggest that prolonged cell death may occur in multiple regions of the hippocampus following cTBI.
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11
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Dendrosomal nanocurcumin prevents morphine self-administration behavior in rats despite CA1 damage. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:681-689. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pandey R, Rai V, Mishra J, Mandrah K, Kumar Roy S, Bandyopadhyay S. From the Cover: Arsenic Induces Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairments via an Up-Regulated BMP2/Smad-Dependent Reduced BDNF/TrkB Signaling in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:137-158. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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13
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Chen C, Gu S, Jiang X, Zhang Z. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B is regulated by G protein signaling pathway in arsenite-induced apoptosis in HBE cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1819-1833. [PMID: 26306706 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite is a certainly apoptosis inducer in various cell types. However, the detailed mechanism underlying how arsenite trigger apoptosis remains elusive. In this study, using human bronchial epithelial cell as a culture system, we demonstrated that arsenite-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) resulted in the release of cytochrome c, the modulation of Fas and FasL, caspase activation, and ultimately leading to cell apoptosis. Importantly, we showed for the first time that the NF-κB-mediated apoptosis induced by arsenite was regulated by G protein-adenylate cyclase (AC)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Inhibition of this classical G protein signaling pathway by a typical PKA inhibitor, H-89, caused the inactivation of NF-κB, the depletion of caspase-3, 8 and 9 activities, and thus reducing the level of cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that arsenite is able to trigger cell apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells through the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which can be modulated by G protein signaling pathway. These findings further suggest that inhibition of G protein-mediated pathway by specific inhibitors may be a potential strategy for the prevention of arsenite toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1819-1833, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Gu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hijacking microglial glutathione by inorganic arsenic impels bystander death of immature neurons through extracellular cystine/glutamate imbalance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30601. [PMID: 27477106 PMCID: PMC4967897 DOI: 10.1038/srep30601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic-induced altered microglial activity leads to neuronal death, but the causative mechanism remains unclear. The present study showed, arsenic-exposed (10 μM) microglial (N9) culture supernatant induced bystander death of neuro-2a (N2a), which was further validated with primary microglia and immature neuronal cultures. Results indicated that arsenic-induced GSH synthesis by N9 unfavorably modified the extracellular milieu for N2a by lowering cystine and increasing glutamate concentration. Similar result was observed in N9-N2a co-culture. Co-exposure of arsenic and 250 μM glutamate, less than the level (265 μM) detected in arsenic-exposed N9 culture supernatant, compromised N2a viability which was rescued by cystine supplementation. Therefore, microglia executes bystander N2a death by competitive inhibition of system Xc- (xCT) through extracellular cystine/glutamate imbalance. We confirmed the role of xCT in mediating bystander N2a death by siRNA inhibition studies. Ex-vivo primary microglia culture supernatant from gestationally exposed mice measured to contain lower cystine and higher glutamate compared to control and N-acetyl cysteine co-treated group. Immunofluorescence staining of brain cryosections from treated group showed more dead immature neurons with no such effect on microglia. Collectively, we showed, in presence of arsenic microglia alters cystine/glutamate balance through xCT in extracellular milieu leading to bystander death of immature neurons.
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15
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Prakash C, Soni M, Kumar V. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:179-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Manisha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
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16
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Tyler CR, Allan AM. The Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction in Human and Rodent Studies: A Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2014; 1:132-147. [PMID: 24860722 PMCID: PMC4026128 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a worldwide health concern as several millions of people are exposed to this toxicant via drinking water, and exposure affects almost every organ system in the body including the brain. Recent studies have shown that even low concentrations of arsenic impair neurological function, particularly in children. This review will focus on the current epidemiological evidence of arsenic neurotoxicity in children and adults, with emphasis on cognitive dysfunction, including learning and memory deficits and mood disorders. We provide a cohesive synthesis of the animal studies that have focused on neural mechanisms of dysfunction after arsenic exposure including altered epigenetics; hippocampal function; glucocorticoid and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) pathway signaling; glutamatergic, cholinergic and monoaminergic signaling; adult neurogenesis; and increased Alzheimer’s-associated pathologies. Finally, we briefly discuss new studies focusing on therapeutic strategies to combat arsenic toxicity including the use of selenium and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Tyler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA
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