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P S, M JNK, Reddy J, N NK, Jayyarapu D, Punna R, R D, S A. Optimizing Root Canal Therapy: An In Vitro Comparative Study of Innovative File Systems on Mandibular Premolar Fracture Resistance. Cureus 2024; 16:e62077. [PMID: 38989361 PMCID: PMC11235407 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Root canal therapy is a vital procedure for saving teeth by removing infection and cleaning the complex root canal system. However, a delicate balance exists between thorough cleaning and preserving tooth strength. The study aims to evaluate the instrumentation effect of three innovative file systems, XP-endo® shaper, Reciproc®, and Self-adjusting file (SAF) on fracture resistance of mandibular premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars were collected; a standard access cavity was prepared and the working length was established 1 mm short of the apex. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups(n=10). In Group 1, the shaping of the specimens was achieved using XP-endo® shaper; in Group 2, it was instrumented using Reciproc® file; and in Group 3, it was instrumented using SAF. All samples were decoronated and the roots were mounted vertically in acrylic resin and subjected to fracture resistance under a universal testing machine. RESULTS Intergroup analysis was done by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, which did not report a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSION All three tested file systems were similar in fracture resistance. XP-endo® shaper exhibited better fracture resistance on root canal instrumentation when compared to Reciproc® and SAF although they are not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi P
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, IND
| | - Jaya Nagendra Krishna M
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, IND
| | - Jayaprada Reddy
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, IND
| | - Nikhil Kumar N
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, IND
| | - Dilip Jayyarapu
- Prosthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, IND
| | - Rajani Punna
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, IND
| | - Divya R
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, IND
| | - Anuhya S
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, IND
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Kiraz G, Kaya BÜ, Ocak M, Uzuner MB, Çelik HH. Micro-CT evaluation of the removal of root fillings using rotary and reciprocating systems supplemented by XP-Endo Finisher, the Self-Adjusting File, or Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e36. [PMID: 38053777 PMCID: PMC10695726 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single-file reciprocating system (WaveOne Gold, WOG) and a multi-file rotary system (ProTaper Universal Retreatment, PTUR) in removing canal filling from severely curved canals and to evaluate the possible adjunctive effects of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), the Self-Adjusting File (SAF), and an erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser using micro-computed tomography (μCT). Materials and Methods Sixty-six curved mandibular molars were divided into 2 groups based on the retreatment technique and then into 3 based on the supplementary method. The residual filling volumes and root canals were evaluated with μCT before and after retreatment, and after the supplementary steps. The data were statistically analyzed with the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, analysis of covariance, and factorial analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results PTUR and WOG showed no significant difference in removing filling materials (p > 0.05). The supplementary techniques were significantly more effective than reciprocating or rotary systems only (p < 0.01). The supplementary steps showed no significant differences in canal filling removal effectiveness (p > 0.05), but XPF showed less dentin reduction than the SAF and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (p < 0.01). Conclusions The supplementary methods significantly decreased the volume of residual filling materials. XPF caused minimal changes in root canal volume and might be preferred for retreatment in curved root canals. Supplementary approaches after retreatment procedures may improve root canal cleanliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsen Kiraz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Bulem Üreyen Kaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mert Ocak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Bora Uzuner
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Hamdi Çelik
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kapadia KH, Patni PM, Jain P, Raghuvanshi S, Pandey SH, Singhal RR. Assessment of minimally invasive file systems on resistance to fracture using traditional and contracted access cavity designs in the maxillary first and second molars. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2023; 26:395-401. [PMID: 37705550 PMCID: PMC10497085 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_194_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of access cavity design on fracture resistance of the extracted maxillary first and second molars prepared with three minimally invasive files. Materials and Methods One hundred and twelve extracted human maxillary molars were selected for the study and divided randomly into three groups according to different minimally invasive files used (self-adjusting files [SAF], XP-endo Shaper [XP], and 4 V-Taper 2H [VT]) and one control group (CG). All experimental groups were subdivided into two subgroups, i.e., conservative access cavity (CAC) and traditional access cavity (TAC). All the canals in different experimental groups were enlarged up to apical size 30. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and Post hoc Tukey tests (P < 0.05). Results The highest mean fracture resistance of teeth with CAC was of the CG (1399.957), followed by teeth with CAC instrumented by SAF (1378.314) and XP-endo Shaper (1202.929). The least value was of the V-Taper file system (937.157). Furthermore, the highest mean fracture resistance value of teeth with TAC was of the CG (1143.171), followed by teeth with TAC instrumented by SAF (1150.607) and then XP-endo Shaper (998.150). The least value was of the V Taper file system (757.050). Conclusion Conservative endodontic access (CAC) in the maxillary molars had shown significantly increased fracture resistance over TAC. SAF showed the maximum fracture resistance, while V-Taper files showed the least fracture resistance among the experimental groups compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Himanshu Kapadia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pallav Mahesh Patni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swadhin Raghuvanshi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanket Hans Pandey
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rochit Rajesh Singhal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Gomes BPFA, Aveiro E, Kishen A. Irrigants and irrigation activation systems in Endodontics. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:1-33. [PMID: 37909632 PMCID: PMC10642269 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Root canal infections are typically polymicrobial and involve strong bacterial interactions. The goal of endodontic treatment is to remove infected content from the root canal system to allow the healing of a pre-existing periapical lesion or to prevent infection of the periradicular tissues. Instrumentation alone is not capable of touching all of the root canal walls. Therefore, the irrigation process is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. However, due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system, this cleaning is very challenging. Although syringe and needle irrigation associated with the use of chemical substances is still the most used method, it does not guarantee optimal cleaning of the root canals. As a result, not only alternative irrigating substances but also numerous activation systems - which are technologies that aim to optimize the action of irrigating substances, both chemically and physically - have been developed. This work aimed to review the characteristics of both classic and current alternatives of irrigating substances and irrigation activation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P. F. A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics,
Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Emelly Aveiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics,
Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Anil Kishen
- Department of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada
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Suresh B, Jeevanandan G, Ravindran V, Mashyakhy M, Alessa N, Syed AA, Panda S, Assiry AA, Maganur PC, Vishwanathaiah S. Comparative Evaluation of Extrusion of Apical Debris in Primary Maxillary Anterior Teeth Using Two Different Rotary Systems and Hand Files: An In Vitro Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050898. [PMID: 37238446 DOI: 10.3390/children10050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Successful outcome of pulp therapy depends on good chemomechanical preparation of the canals. This is completed with the help of various upcoming rotary and hand files. However, during this preparation, there might be an apical extrusion of the debris which may result in postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the number of debris apically extruded during canal preparation using two different pediatric rotary file systems and conventional hand file systems in primary teeth. 60 primary maxillary central incisors that were extracted due to trauma or untreated dental caries with no signs of resorption were taken. Canal preparation was executed using three different file systems: Group A: Group A hand K file system, Group B Kedo S Plus, Group C Kedo SG Blue. For each of these files using the Myers and Montgomery model, the pre- and post-weight of the eppendorf tube was assessed to quantify the number of apical debris. The maximum extrusion of apical debris was noticed with the Hand K-file system. The least debris was noticed in the Kedo S Plus file system. Statistical analysis revealed that there were highly significant differences in apical extrusion and debris when comparing hand files and rotary files and also between the two rotary files used. Apical debris collection is an unavoidable outcome of canal instrumentation. Among the file systems compared, rotary files had lesser extrusion when compared to hand files. Among the rotary files, Kedo S plus showed normal extrusion compared to SG Blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Suresh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ganesh Jeevanandan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vignesh Ravindran
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Mohammed Mashyakhy
- Restorative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Alessa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ather Ahmed Syed
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45152, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suman Panda
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45152, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ahmed Assiry
- Preventive Dental Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhadevi C Maganur
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45152, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45152, Saudi Arabia
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Candeiro GTDM, de Menezes AST, de Oliveira ACS, Alves FRF. Successful nonsurgical treatment of type II dens invaginatus with 5 root canals using a self-adjusting file: a case report. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e17. [PMID: 37284340 PMCID: PMC10240087 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present report describes the endodontic treatment of an Oehlers type II dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor with 5 root canals, an extremely rare condition. Apical periodontitis and related symptoms were noted. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to aid the diagnosis, reveal tooth morphology, and assist in canal location. The pulp chamber was carefully accessed, and the root canals were explored under magnification. All root canals were prepared with an R25 Reciproc Blue system and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation. After initial preparation, a self-adjusting file (SAF) with NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was used to complement the disinfection. Additionally, calcium hydroxide medication was applied. Vertical compaction was used to fill the canals with a calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer and gutta-percha. After 12 months, the patient exhibited healing of the periapical region, absence of symptoms, and normal dental function. In conclusion, this nonsurgical treatment protocol was successful in promoting the cure of apical periodontitis. Both complementary disinfection with an SAF and use of calcium hydroxide medication should be considered when choosing the best treatment approach for dens invaginatus with very complex anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flávio Rodrigues Ferreira Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research Group, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
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Incidence of Post-Operative Pain following a Single-Visit Pulpectomy in Primary Molars Employing Adaptive, Rotary, and Manual Instrumentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020355. [PMID: 36837556 PMCID: PMC9966361 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. To differentiate the intensity of postoperative pain after primary molar pulpectomy employing manual instrumentation versus two single-file systems with different kinetics (the XP-Endo shaper file with adaptive instrumentation vs. the Kedo-SG blue file with continuous rotation instrumentation). Materials and Methods. This three-arm, single-blind, randomized clinical trial included assessing 75 healthy children between 4 to 9 years who required pulpectomy for primary molars (mandibular first and second). The three groups each had an equal number of children. Children in Group 1 had their teeth instrumented with the XP-endo Shaper, children in Group 2 had their teeth instrumented with the Kedo-SG Blue file, and children in Group 3 had their teeth instrumented manually using K-files. The degree of postoperative pain was measured using a four-point pain scale at 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h following therapy. Each participant's parent received five flashcards with four faces and a word characterizing each face. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. The level of significance was set to 5%. Results. During the follow-up period, there was a significant difference in postoperative pain intensity between the three groups. The XP-endo shaper was associated with considerably decreased post operative at the 6- and 12-h interval followed by Kedo-SG. The highest post-operative discomfort across the groups was related to the patients who underwent manual instrumentation. Conclusion. In comparison to rotary and manual instrumentation, postoperative pain severity was reduced with adaptive instrumentation.
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Challagulla A, Chandrappa V, Akurathi R, N Mrudula KJ, Vemagiri CT, Thote K. Evaluation of root canal cleaning efficacy of selfadjusting files, protaper rotary, and manual K-Files in primary teeth - An In vitro Comparative study. Indian J Dent Res 2023; 34:65-68. [PMID: 37417060 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_66_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The success of pulpectomy depends on complete eradication of microbial load by cleaning and shaping the primary root canals that is difficult to achieve because of anatomical intricacy of primary pulp dentin complex. Numerous instruments were tried, however, they proved to be inadequate. Selfadjusting file (SAF) is a newer file system that facilitates less dentin removal with maximal cleansing of root canals. Aim To evaluate and compare the in vitro root canal cleaning efficacy with SAF, Protaper Universal, and Hand K-files in primary teeth. Materials and Methods Sixty extracted primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into three groups by lottery method. Access cavity was prepared, the canals were enlarged up to 20 K file, and an Indian ink was injected into each canal. Then the Group I (n = 20) was treated with SAF, Group II (n = 20) with Rotary Protaper Universal and Group III (n = 20) with Hand K-files and the root canal cleaning efficacy was evaluated based on the amount of Indian ink remaining in the canal walls under stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA test and post hoc Tuckey test for intragroup and intergroup comparison, respectively. Results A statistically highly significant difference was observed with SAF (mean = 1.5), Protaper (mean = 2.5), and Hand K-files (mean = 2.9). However, there was no significant difference in root canal cleaning efficacy with Protaper Universal and Hand K-files. Conclusion The SAFs had shown superior cleaning efficacy compared with rotary Protaper Universal and manual K files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Challagulla
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Meghna Dental College, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vinay Chandrappa
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnaditya Akurathi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K J N Mrudula
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. S&N Dental College, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Charan Teja Vemagiri
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, GSL Dental College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kiranmayi Thote
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Meghna Dental College, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
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Bakthavatchalam B, Ranjani MS, Amudhalakshmi K, Dhanalakshmi S. Comparative evaluation of canal cleanliness at apical third using Self-Adjusting File and Wave One File with different irrigants: an in vitro scanning electron microscopic study. Med Pharm Rep 2023; 96:79-85. [PMID: 36818323 PMCID: PMC9924807 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the cleaning ability of two single-file rotary systems- Self-Adjusting File (SAF) and Wave one (WO) systems in removing the smear layer using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and NaOCl + Qmix as irrigants at apical one-third of the root canal. Methods Forty extracted human mandibular premolars were selected and working length was determined. The canal was manually instrumented up to a number 25 size K-file. The roots were divided into the following groups with 10 samples each - Group 1 using SAF: Group 1a- 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, Group 1b- 3% NaOCl + Qmix. Group2 using WO: Group 2a- 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, Group 2b- 3% NaOCl + Qmix. In the SAF group, the irrigation was performed continuously using the special irrigation apparatus. In the WO group, syringe irrigation was done followed by final irrigant activation using passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). The roots were sectioned longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination. The amount of smear layer was evaluated using a five score index at the apical third level. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results Group 1 (SAF) showed better canal cleanliness at apical third compared to Group 2 (WO) with both irrigant combinations and the results were statistically significant (p<0.05). 3% NaOCl + Qmix was equally as effective as 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer with no significant difference between them. Conclusion Within the limitation of this study, SAF in combination with 3% NaOCl + Qmix or 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA should be used for removing smear layer in critical areas of the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Bakthavatchalam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthukrishnan Sudharshana Ranjani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Amudhalakshmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Severity of Post-Operative Pain after Instrumentation of Root Canals by XP-Endo and SAF Full Sequences Compared to Manual Instrumentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237251. [PMID: 36498825 PMCID: PMC9740715 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to examine the post-operative pain experienced following single-visit root canal treatment using the XP-endo shaper sequence (XPS), full-sequence self-adjusting file (SAF), and manual K-files (HKF). A randomized equivalence parallel design, double-blinded clinical study was conducted on 120 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, with or without clinical signs of apical periodontitis. Only teeth with fully formed roots and no periapical lesions were incorporated in the study. Patients were apportioned to one of three groups (n = 40) randomly: Group 1-XPS, Group 2-SAF, and Group 3-HKF. Pre- and post-instrumentation pain was rated utilizing Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with a spectrum of 0-100 mm. The descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. The mean VAS scores before instrumentation were consistent in all three groups. At 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, patients with root canals instrumented by SAF had the lowest post-instrumentation mean VAS score, followed by XPS. For all time intervals, the patients in the HKF group had the highest VAS score. The full-sequence SAF instrumentation resulted in less post-operative pain than the XP-endo plus protocol, while manual instrumentation with K-files resulted in the highest post-operative pain.
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Puleio F, Lo Giudice G, Militi A, Bellezza U, Lo Giudice R. Does Low-Taper Root Canal Shaping Decrease the Risk of Root Fracture? A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:94. [PMID: 35735636 PMCID: PMC9222076 DOI: 10.3390/dj10060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal root-canal preparation has been suggested to reduce the risk of root fracture, but as a result, satisfactory cleaning and shaping do not take place. Large-scale taper instrumentation can contribute to removing infected tissue; however, it may weaken the tooth structure. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether root-canal shaping with low-taper instruments decreases the risk of root fracture, compared to high-conicity shaping. A search was performed on Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were: studies comparing the root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth, shaped with low- and high-conicity taper instruments, in human trials, and via in vitro study. The review includes all types of endodontically treated teeth, with various instrument tapers. The scientific search engines produced 328 results. Only 20 of the results were evaluated after screening. Based on the articles analyzed, it is not clear whether a taper difference can determine differences in root fracture resistance. No randomized controlled trial (RCTs) with long follow-ups have been published to date. It must also be taken into account that the in vitro studies do not consider the numerous differences that there are between in vitro and clinical evaluation. The review was registered on the PROSPERO website, with the protocol number CRD42020151451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Angela Militi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Ugo Bellezza
- Department of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy;
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Arias A, Peters OA. Present Status and Future Directions - Canal Shaping. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:637-655. [PMID: 35118683 PMCID: PMC9303733 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review will focus on the evolution, present and future of engine‐driven root canal preparation. Root canal preparation changed drastically when Walia in 1988 introduced the use of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) alloys in Endodontics. In 2013, five generations of NiTi endodontic instruments had been established based on their metallurgical, mechanical properties and design features. Since then, manufacturers have been introducing further major changes in instrument design and characteristics that have not been translated in new recognized generations of instruments. In general, those changes have demonstrated enhanced instrument properties, but it is not clear yet if all those improvements are directly translated to an improvement in clinical success. This narrative review attempts to address the present status of engine‐driven instruments in terms of both evidence from laboratory‐based studies and clinical data, to identify potential further generations of instruments, and last to anticipate future directions for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - O A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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13
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Tashkandi N, Alghamdi F. Effect of Chemical Debridement and Irrigant Activation on Endodontic Treatment Outcomes: An Updated Overview. Cureus 2022; 14:e21525. [PMID: 35223300 PMCID: PMC8863357 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical debridement is considered one of the most important steps during root canal treatment to target unreached areas and provide thorough disinfection of the canals. The efficiency of this step efficiency can be increased using different agitation and irrigation techniques/devices. This comprehensive review aimed to summarize the effect of various irrigant activation and agitation techniques/devices on endodontic treatment outcomes. Using mechanical active irrigation, which enables the activation or agitation of the irrigating solution, is beneficial in root canal treatment by increasing the efficiency of delivering the irrigant up to working length and ensuring isthmus cleanliness. However, considerable variation was noticed between the protocols used in each technique with a lack of well-designed randomized clinical trials to focus on the long-term outcome. Moreover, a low level of evidence was noticed regarding the effectiveness of certain activation techniques over others. Therefore, each study needs to be carefully weighed before using its results and embracing its conclusion. Future studies need to focus more on the antimicrobial effect of each technique and its effect on the healing of apical periodontitis. Also, recent advances, such as multisonic and laser activation, are promising tools that need more clinical investigations to show their efficiency.
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Bhargava K, Newase P, Paunikar M, Bhawalkar A, Kumar T, Sarode G. Comparative evaluation of the effect of hand file, different nickel-titanium retreatment files, and self-adjusting file system on the incidence of dentinal microcrack formation during the removal of root canal filling material: An in vitro stereomicroscopic study. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_328_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Pawar AM, Kfir A, Metzger Z, Bhardwaj A, Yohana Y, Wahjuningrun DA, Luke AM, Pawar BA. Can Type of Instrumentation and Activation of the Final Irrigant Improve the Obturation Quality in Oval Root Canals? A Push-Out Bond Strength Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010059. [PMID: 35053055 PMCID: PMC8773160 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The complete instrumentation of oval root canals remains practically unattainable. The majority of studies show that shaping oval, flat, and irregularly shaped canals is challenging, with more than half of the root canal area remaining unaltered. Furthermore, both rotary and reciprocating files compact hard tissue debris into the isthmus areas and buccal and/or lingual recesses of oval canals, impairing debridement and filling. In addition, one of the most essential variables in assessing the success of endodontic therapy is the adhesion of root canal filling material to dentin. Abstract To appraise the outcome of file systems and activation of the final irrigant on the push-out bond strength of root fillings in oval canals. Single-rooted mandibular premolars (n = 180) with oval canals were divided into three groups (n = 60) for instrumentation: ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne (WO), and Self-adjusting File (SAF). The specimens were further divided into subgroups (n = 20) and subjected to final irrigation with activation by EndoActivator or passive ultrasonic irrigation or without activation. Then, the specimens were again subdivided (n = 10) and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus (GP-AH) or C-Point with EndoSequence bioceramic sealer (C-EBC). One-millimeter-thick horizontal slices were cut from the apical third of the root, 5 mm from the apex, and subjected to push-out bond strength (BS) testing. Specimens for which SAF was used exhibited higher BS values than those for which PTN or WO was used (p < 0.05). Activation of the final irrigation did not affect the BS of the root fillings. Root fillings made of C-EBC presented a higher BS than those made of GP-AH (p < 0.05). Adhesive failure was more common with specimens instrumented using PTN and WO. Root canals instrumented with SAF, showed the highest bond strength values for both root filling materials. The C-EBC produced significantly higher bond strength values than those of the GP-AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Enododntics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai 400008, India
- Correspondence: (A.M.P.); (D.A.W.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zvi Metzger
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (Z.M.)
| | - Anuj Bhardwaj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Indore 453331, India;
| | - Yeyen Yohana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlingga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia;
| | - Dian Agustin Wahjuningrun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlingga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (A.M.P.); (D.A.W.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Alexander Maniangat Luke
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (A.M.P.); (D.A.W.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Bhaggyashri A. Pawar
- Division of District Early Intervention Centre, Department of Dentistry, Thane Civil Hospital, Thane 400601, India;
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Pawar AM, Bhardwaj A, Banga KS, Singh G, Kfir A, Luke AM, Dinata V, Wahjuningrun DA. Deficiencies in Root Canal Fillings Subsequent to Adaptive Instrumentation of Oval Canals. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111074. [PMID: 34827067 PMCID: PMC8615090 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Employing a chemo-mechanical preparation, one of the primary procedural phases in endodontic therapy is carefully removing debris, pulp tissue, and bacteria from the root canal system. The cross-sectional root canal shapes comprise circular, oval, long oval, flattened, or irregular. The frequency of oval root canals in the apical third of human teeth is around 25 to 50%. Motorised endodontic files leave almost 60% of the oval root canal perimeter unaffected by their instrumentation, thus resulting in faulty obturation that is required to prevent reinfection and to restrict the passage of microorganisms and toxins to and from the periapical tissue. Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of instrumentation and the potential for debris deposition using XP-endo shaper plus (XP-SP) and full-sequence SAF (F-SAF) on the adaption of thermoplastic root canal fillings in oval canals. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, ninety human permanent mandibular incisors with a single oval canal 6 mm from the apex (verified using pre-operative CBCT scanning) were instrumented with XP-SP and F-SAF. Obtura III Max apparatus was used for root canal obturation without the use of a root canal sealer. The roots were then sectioned 6 mm from the apex and examined with a digital stereomicroscope at x25 magnification to assess the root canal fillings. The F-SAF was associated with a significantly higher (p < 0.01) percentage of entire adaptation of the root fillings (76%) compared to the XP-SP (57%). Furthermore, the XP-SP group was also associated with higher (p < 0.01) defective obturation with debris at 17% and with voids at 26%. However, the F-SAF had lower percentages of defective obturations (7% with debris and 17% with voids). The quality of obturation of oval canals instrumented using full-sequence SAF was better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai 400008, India; (A.M.P.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Anuj Bhardwaj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Rau, Indore 453331, India;
| | - Kulvinder S. Banga
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai 400008, India; (A.M.P.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Adult Restorative Dentistry, Oman Dental College, P.O. Box 835, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman;
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Alexander Maniangat Luke
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (A.M.L.); (D.A.W.)
| | - Vialyne Dinata
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlingga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia;
| | - Dian Agustin Wahjuningrun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlingga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (A.M.L.); (D.A.W.)
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Nanomaterials Application in Endodontics. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185296. [PMID: 34576522 PMCID: PMC8464804 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have become increasingly present in medicine, especially in dentistry. Their characteristics are proving to be very useful in clinical cases. Due to the intense research in the field of biomaterials and nanotechnology, the efficacy and possibilities of dental procedures have immensely expanded over the years. The nano size of materials allows them to exhibit properties not present in their larger-in-scale counterparts. The medical procedures in endodontics are time-consuming and mostly require several visits to be able to achieve the proper result. In this field of dentistry, there are still major issues about the removal of the mostly bacterial infection from the dental root canals. It has been confirmed that nanoparticles are much more efficient than traditional materials and appear to have superior properties when it comes to surface chemistry and bonding. Their unique antibacterial properties are also promising features in every medical procedure, especially in endodontics. High versatility of use of nanomaterials makes them a powerful tool in dental clinics, in a plethora of endodontic procedures, including pulp regeneration, drug delivery, root repair, disinfection, obturation and canal filling. This study focuses on summing up the current knowledge about the utility of nanomaterials in endodontics, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and provides a number of reasons why research in this field should be continued.
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19
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Current technology in endodontic instrumentation: advances in metallurgy and manufacture. Br Dent J 2021; 231:49-57. [PMID: 34244648 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments, there have been a myriad of developments which can be confusing and sometimes contradictory. This article seeks to review and articulate these advances, and allow the reader to better understand the benefits and the limitations of the systems available. Ultimately, this helps clinicians to engage more confidently with trade and have a more informed choice of the most appropriate file to use for each individual endodontic case. All this should facilitate more predictable endodontic outcomes.
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Sarwar H, Qazi F, Ahmed S, Abidi Y, Naeem M, Shabbir J, Khurshid Z. Efficacy of Handpiece Mounted Continuous Irrigation System for the Removal of Residual Pulpal Debris During Root Canal Preparation. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:551-556. [PMID: 33975373 PMCID: PMC8382463 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The removal of residual pulpal debris (RPD) from the root canal walls, especially in necrotic teeth is important for successful endodontic outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the RPD removal efficacy of handpiece mounted continuous irrigation with simultaneous root canal preparation from the apical third of root canals as compared to conventional syringe irrigation (SI).
Materials and Methods
Ninety extracted teeth were randomly divided into three groups: SI; handpiece mounted continuous irrigation (CI); and both syringe and continuous irrigation (CI+SI). After root canal preparation, roots were sectioned at 1 (a), 3 (b) and 5 (c) mm from apex and prepared for Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Sections were microscopically examined for presence of RPD.
Statistical Analysis
Intergroup difference in average percentage of RPD at different root levels was calculated by using analysis of variance test (ANOVA). Tuckey test was used for pairwise comparison.
Results
ANOVA showed significant difference between all three groups (
p
< 0.05). SI group showed a significantly higher percentage of RPD as compared with CI and CI+ SI groups at all root levels (
p
< 0.01). At root level a, CI showed a significantly higher percentage of RPD as compared with CI+SI (
p
< 0.01).
Conclusion
Handpiece mounted CI during rotary instrumentation showed a significant reduction in RPD as compared with conventional syringe irrigation. This technique was found to be an effective method for an enhanced root canal debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Sarwar
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Periodontology, Dr Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Qazi
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Periodontology, Dr Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmed
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Periodontology, Dr Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yawar Abidi
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Meshal Naeem
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Periodontology, Dr Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Juzer Shabbir
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Emara RS, Gawdat SI, El-Far HMM. Effect of XP-endo Shaper versus conventional rotary files on postoperative pain and bacterial reduction in oval canals with necrotic pulps: a randomized clinical study. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1026-1036. [PMID: 33560531 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess postoperative pain and bacterial reduction following the use of XP-endo Shaper versus conventional rotary files in preparation of oval canals with necrotic pulps. METHODOLOGY This superiority, parallel, randomized, double blinded clinical trial was conducted in the clinic of the Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. Sixty single-canalled mandibular premolars with necrotic pulps were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Canals were instrumented using XP-endo Shaper files in the intervention group and iRaCe rotary files in the control group. Bacterial samples were taken before and after canal instrumentation. Incidence and severity of postoperative pain was assessed using a modified VAS after 6, 12, 24 h and daily for 5 days. A culture method was used to assess the number of bacterial colony forming units. Incidence of analgesic intake as well as flare-ups was recorded. Data were analysed using chi-square, Fisher Exact, Mann-Whitney, Independent t-test, and Spearman's correlation for pain and bacterial counts. RESULTS The XP-endo Shaper compared with the iRaCe group was associated with a significantly lower incidence of postoperative pain at 6, 12, and 24 h (P = 0.039, 0.047, and 0.026, respectively), and severity of postoperative pain at 6 h (mean difference: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.307-2.352, P = 0.02), 12 h (mean difference: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.26-1.936, P = 0.007), 24 h (mean difference: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.178-1.701, P = 0.008) and 48 h (mean difference: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.192-1.747, P = 0.038). There was a significant decrease in bacterial count following canal instrumentation in both groups (P < 0.001) with no significant difference between them (mean difference: 0.83 × 105 , 95% CI: 0.336 × 105 -1.996 × 105 , P = 0.56). A weak correlation existed between postoperative pain severity and bacterial counts (P = 0.54). There was no significant difference in analgesic intake between the two groups (P = 0.085). Flare-ups occurred in 3.3% of teeth in the iRaCe group, while no flare-ups occurred in the XP-endo Shaper group. CONCLUSIONS XP-endo Shaper was associated with a significantly lower frequency of postoperative pain for up to 24 h, and lower severity of postoperative pain for up to 48 h compared with iRaCe files. Both systems were equally effective in bacterial reduction from oval root canals with necrotic pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Emara
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S I Gawdat
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H M M El-Far
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Apical debris extrusion during instrumentation of oval root canals in primary teeth using manual versus motorized files: an ex vivo study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3859. [PMID: 33594151 PMCID: PMC7887259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the apical extrusion of debris during instrumentation of primary canines using three endodontic file types. Forty-five extracted primary canines were randomly assigned to three instrumentation groups (n = 15): Hand K-files; and the motorized Kedo-S files and XP-endo Shaper files. The apically extruded debris produced during the procedure was collected and dried in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes, and the mass of debris was calculated. The time required for the endodontic procedure was also recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test were used with a significance level set at 5%. XP-endo Shaper and Kedo-S files extruded significantly less debris compared with hand K-files with means of 0.84 ± 0.31 and 1.20 ± 0.67 mg respectively, compared to 2.13 ± 0.31 mg (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found between the two motorized files. Less time was required to complete the procedure with the XP-endo Shaper compared to the hand K-files (p < 0.0001) and Kedo-S files (p < 0.0001). Within the limitations of the present study, it may be concluded that motorized files extruded less debris and required less instrumentation time compared to traditional K-files, which could benefit paediatric patients with root canal treatment needs.
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Panda A, Shah K, Budakoti V, Dere K, Virda M, Jani J. Evaluation of microcrack formation during root canal preparation using hand, rotary files and self-adjusting file in primary teeth: An in vitro study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:35-41. [PMID: 33927839 PMCID: PMC8058155 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Pediatric endodontics is a field with constant evolution, resulting in the shifting of paradigms from the use of conventional hand files to rotary files for biomechanical preparation in primary teeth. Biomechanical preparation plays a crucial role in the success of root canal treatment. Primary teeth need special attention since they differ from permanent teeth in root canal morphology. Cleaning and shaping of the canals damage the root dentin, leading to dentinal cracks. Newer techniques for root canal preparation, including Ni-Ti rotary files and SAF system, have been developed for use in pediatric endodontics to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods. The present study compared dentinal defects formed by rotary systems in primary teeth. Methods. Eighty primary teeth were included. The teeth were decoronated with a diamond disc. All the roots were inspected for any pre-existing cracks or craze lines under transmitted light under a stereomicroscope. The specimens were then divided into four groups (n=20): group 1: control, group 2: hand files (HF), group 3: ProTaper files, and group IV: SAF files. The samples were instrumented according to the group they were assigned to. Results. The HF and SAF groups exhibited fewer microcracks. Dentinal microcracks were observed in roots prepared with rotary ProTaper files. There were significant differences between HF/SAF and rotary files (P <0.05). Conclusion. Stainless steel hand K-files and SAF instruments resulted in fewer dentinal damage than the ProTaper Universal files. SAF exhibited satisfactory results with minimal or no crack formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Panda
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bopal, Manipur, Gujarat
| | - Krishna Shah
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bopal, Manipur, Gujarat
| | - Varsha Budakoti
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bopal, Manipur, Gujarat
| | - Krishna Dere
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bopal, Manipur, Gujarat
| | - Mira Virda
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bopal, Manipur, Gujarat
| | - Jina Jani
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bopal, Manipur, Gujarat
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Pawar BA, Pawar AM, Bhardwaj A, Wahjuningrum DA, Rahardjo AK, Luke AM, Metzger Z, Kfir A. Effect of Adaptive, Rotary, and Manual Root Canal Instrumentation in Primary Molars: A Triple-Armed, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010042. [PMID: 33435165 PMCID: PMC7827152 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Untimely loss of primary molars may lead to undesirable consequences; hence, pulpectomy is considered a rational treatment approach to avoid it. Advances in root canal instrumentation by means of motorized files while treating primary teeth have reduced the chair-side time and have also exhibited better quality of obturation. This helps reduce the patient’s anxiety about pulpectomy procedures. However, root canals in primary teeth exhibit a larger perimeter and are irregular in shape, posing a challenge to currently used motorized endodontic files. Instrumenting root canals in three dimensions is the need of the hour and is vastly explored in the literature, albeit for adult dentition. The application of adaptive root canal instrumentation for pulpectomies in primary teeth is yet to be reported in the literature. Abstract This clinical trial focused on collating the instrumentation time and quality of root canal obturation in primary molars treated with three instrumentation techniques: adaptive, rotary, and manual. A triple-armed, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 75 primary molars requiring pulpectomy treatment, divided into three groups (n = 25 per group). The teeth in Group 1 were instrumented with an adaptive technique (XP-endo Shaper, FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), Group 2 with pediatric rotary files (Kedo-S; D1 and E1), and Group 3 with a manual technique (hand K-files). The apical size of the final instrumentation was maintained at #30 for all groups. Instrumentation time and the grade of the root canal obturation were evaluated. Instrumentation duration was recorded, employing a digital stopwatch from the insertion of the first file until the completion of final irrigation. Obturation quality was assessed using radiographs. The criteria taken as a reference for obturation were: optimal (1 mm short of the apex), underfilled (2 mm short of the apex), or overfilled (beyond the apex). The use of an adaptive technique was associated with the lowest instrumentation time (p < 0.0001) when used for instrumenting primary molars and with the highest root canal filling quality of the three groups. The application of the new concept of adaptive instrumentation for pulpectomy of primary molars was a favorable technique, considering the significant reduction in instrumentation time and better obturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaggyashri A. Pawar
- Department of Oral Health and Advanced Dentistry, Sir H N Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Ajinkya M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai 400034, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Anuj Bhardwaj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya City, East Java 60132, Indonesia; (A.B.); (A.K.R.)
| | - Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya City, East Java 60132, Indonesia; (A.B.); (A.K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-87831977619
| | - Amelia Kristanti Rahardjo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya City, East Java 60132, Indonesia; (A.B.); (A.K.R.)
| | | | - Zvi Metzger
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (Z.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (Z.M.); (A.K.)
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Hsieh SC, Teng NC, Chu CC, Chu YT, Chen CH, Chang LY, Hsu CY, Huang CS, Hsiao GYW, Yang JC. The Antibacterial Efficacy and In Vivo Toxicity of Sodium Hypochlorite and Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Endodontic Irrigating Solutions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E260. [PMID: 31936078 PMCID: PMC7013798 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans and in vivo toxicity using embryonic zebrafish assays of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl))-based root canal irrigating solutions. METHODOLOGY Using 100 μL microbial count of 1 × 108 cfu/mL Enterococcus faecalis to mix with each 10 mL specimen of NaOCl or HOCl for designed time periods. The above protocol was also repeated for Streptococcus mutans. The concentration of viable microorganisms was estimated based on each standardized inoculum using a plate-count method. Zebrafish embryo assays were used to evaluate acute toxicity. RESULTS All the HOCl or NaOCl treatment groups showed > 99.9% antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. Zebrafish embryos showed almost complete dissolution in 1.5% NaOCl within 5 min. Both survival rates after being treated with 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl for 0.5 min or 1.0 min were similar to that of E3 medium. CONCLUSIONS Both NaOCl and HOCl revealed similar antibacterial efficacy (> 99.9%) against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. While 1.5% NaOCl fully dissolved the Zebrafish embryos, both 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl showed little in vivo toxicity, affirming its potential as an alternative irrigation solution for vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chih Hsieh
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (N.-C.T.); (C.-S.H.); (G.Y.-W.H.)
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (N.-C.T.); (C.-S.H.); (G.Y.-W.H.)
| | - Chia Chun Chu
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (C.C.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-H.C.); (L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - You-Tai Chu
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (C.C.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-H.C.); (L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chung-He Chen
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (C.C.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-H.C.); (L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Liang-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (C.C.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-H.C.); (L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chieh-Yun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (C.C.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-H.C.); (L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Ching-Shuan Huang
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (N.-C.T.); (C.-S.H.); (G.Y.-W.H.)
| | - Grace Ying-Wen Hsiao
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (N.-C.T.); (C.-S.H.); (G.Y.-W.H.)
| | - Jen-Chang Yang
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan; (C.C.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-H.C.); (L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan
- Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan
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Canal Transportation and Centering Ability in Long Oval Canals: A Multidimentional Analysis. J Endod 2019; 45:1242-1247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pawar AM, Thakur B, Kfir A, Kim HC. Dentinal defects induced by 6 different endodontic files when used for oval root canals: an in vitro comparative study. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e31. [PMID: 31485427 PMCID: PMC6713082 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the formation of dentinal defects using stainless-steel hand K-files (HFs), rotary files, reciprocating files, and Self-Adjusting File (SAF), when used for oval root canals. Materials and Methods One hundred and forty extracted human mandibular premolar with single root and oval canal were selected for this study. Oval canals were confirmed by exposing to mesio-distal and bucco-lingual radiographs. Teeth with open apices or anatomic irregularities were excluded. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, leaving roots segments approximately of 16 mm in length. Twenty teeth were left unprepared (control), and the remaining 120 teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 20) and instrumented using HF (size 40/0.02), Revo-S (RS; size 40/0.06), ProTaper NEXT (PTN; size 40/0.06), WaveOne (WO; size 40/0.09), RECIPROC (RC; size 40/0.06), and the SAF (2 mm). Roots were then sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, and observed under stereomicroscope, for presence of dentinal defects. “No defect” was defined as root dentin that presented with no visible microcracks or fractures. “Defect” was defined by microcracks or fractures in the root dentin. Results The control, HF, and SAF did not exhibit any dentinal defects. In roots instrumented by RS, PTN, WO, and RC files exhibited microcracks (incomplete or complete) in 40%, 30%, 55%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusions The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files may create microcracks in radicular dentine, whereas the stainless-steel hand file instrumentation, and the SAF produce minimal or less cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya M Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhagyashree Thakur
- Department of Dentistry, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Bakthavatchalam B, Ranjani MS, Amudhalakshmi K. Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy of Self-adjusting File and WaveOne File: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 10:542-547. [PMID: 32308334 PMCID: PMC7150549 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_160_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to compare the cleaning efficacy of root canal walls using two rotary single file systems: self-adjusting file (SAF) and WaveOne (WO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty extracted human premolars with similar range of canal curvature were selected, decoronated, working length determined and roots were divided into two groups of 20 samples each: Group I - SAF and Group II - WO. All root canals were irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The roots were sectioned longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopic examination. The amount of debris and smear layer was evaluated using five score index at coronal, middle and apical third levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and significance was set at a P < 0.05. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in cleaning the apical third. Group I (SAF) showed better canal cleanliness compared to Group II (WO) in the apical third. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, SAF in combination with 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA irrigating solution had significantly better cleaning efficacy in the apical third of root canals when compared to WO rotary file system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Bakthavatchalam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthukrishnan Sudharshana Ranjani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Muthukrishnan Sudharshana Ranjani, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai - 600 003, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - Krishnan Amudhalakshmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gavini G, Santos MD, Caldeira CL, Machado MEDL, Freire LG, Iglecias EF, Peters OA, Candeiro GTDM. Nickel-titanium instruments in endodontics: a concise review of the state of the art. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e67. [PMID: 30365608 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of automated instrumentation in endodontics represented a major advance in progress for this specialty, with improvements in the quality and predictability of root canal preparation and a significant reduction in procedural errors. In recent years, endodontic instruments have undergone a series of changes brought about by modifications in design, surface treatments, and thermal treatments. In addition, new movements have also been incorporated to offer greater safety and efficiency, optimizing the properties of the NiTi alloy, especially through eccentric rotary motion. An understanding of the mechanical properties of these new NiTi instruments and their effect on the clinical performance of root canal preparation is essential if dental practitioners are to select the instruments that provide optimal clinical outcomes, especially in curved or flattened canals. The objective of this literature review is to present and discuss the characteristics of the NiTi alloys used in the major instrumentation systems available in the market, as well as the influence of the metallurgical and mechanical properties of NiTi instruments and the movements that drive them, to enable more accurate and predictable planning of root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gavini
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Luis Caldeira
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laila Gonzales Freire
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Faga Iglecias
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ove Andrea Peters
- University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Kuzekanani M. Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: Development of the Single-File Systems. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:386-390. [PMID: 30430063 PMCID: PMC6187886 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_225_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments have highly improved the quality of the cleaning and shaping of the root canals. The superelasticity and shape memory of these instruments reduce the possibility of the canal transportation along with saving the time for both the patients and the clinicians. Several commercial types of these instruments, produced by different manufacturers, have currently become available by modifying the characteristics of the wonder NiTi alloy and also the cross-sectional shapes, cutting edges, tapering and numbers and distances of the flutes of the instruments. Up to this date, five generations for NiTi rotary instruments have been described according to the time of introduction, properties, and method of application. The aim of this article is to review the evolution of these five generations of NiTi rotary instruments since their inception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kuzekanani
- Endodontology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Endodontics, Kerman Dental School, Kerman, Iran
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Thakur B, Pawar AM, Kfir A, Neelakantan P. Extrusion of Debris from Primary Molar Root Canals following Instrumentation with Traditional and New File Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:1040-1044. [PMID: 29109318 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess the amount of debris extruded apically during instrumentation of distal canals of extracted primary molars by three instrument systems [ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper NEXT (PTN), and self-adjusting file (SAF)] compared with conventional stainless steel hand K-files (HF, control). MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary mandibular molars (n = 120) with a single distal canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 30) for root canal instrumentation using group I, HF (to size 0.30/0.02 taper), group II, PTU (to size F3), group III, PTN (to size X3), and group IV, SAF. Debris extruded during instrumentation was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes, stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and then weighed. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Turkey's post hoc test (p = 0.05). RESULTS All the groups resulted in extrusion of debris. There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the debris extrusion between the three groups: HF (0.00133 ± 0.00012), PTU (0.00109 ± 0.00005), PTN (0.00052 ± 0.00008), and SAF (0.00026 ± 0.00004). CONCLUSION Instrumentation with SAF resulted in the least debris extrusion when used for shaping root canals of primary molar teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Debris extrusion in primary teeth poses an adverse effect on the stem cells and may also alter the permanent dental germ. Debris extrusion is rarely reported for primary teeth and it is important for the clinician to know which endodontic instrumentation leads to less extrusion of debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree Thakur
- Department of Dentistry, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajinkya M Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Phone: +919867636233 e-mail:
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Lacerda MF, Marceliano-Alves MF, Pérez AR, Provenzano JC, Neves MA, Pires FR, Gonçalves LS, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Cleaning and Shaping Oval Canals with 3 Instrumentation Systems: A Correlative Micro–computed Tomographic and Histologic Study. J Endod 2017; 43:1878-1884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pawar AM, Pawar M, Kfir A, Thakur B, Mutha P, Banga KS. Effect of glide path preparation on apical extrusion of debris in root canals instrumented with three single-file systems: An ex vivo comparative study. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:110-114. [PMID: 28855758 PMCID: PMC5564236 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.212235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to test the effect of new protocol of glide path preparation by 20/0.04 rotary file on apical extrusion of debris when instrumenting fine curved mesial canals in mandibular molars with Self-adjusting File (SAF) and compare it to a glide path prepared by 20/0.02 hand K-file and rotary OneShape (OS) and reciprocating WaveOne (WO) file instrumentation. Materials and Methods: Sixty mandibular molars with curved mesial roots were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) for instrumentation. In two groups, glide path was prepared using 20/0.02 K-file for instrumentation by OS (size 25/0.06 taper) and WO (size 25/0.08 taper) files; in the remaining group, 20/0.04 rotary file was used for glide path preparation and instrumented by SAF (1.5 mm). The debris extruded during instrumentation was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes and stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days. Tubes containing the dry extruded debris were then weighed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the weights obtained, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparison. Results: The mean debris (g) extruded apically was 0.000651 ± 0.000291, 0.000823 ± 0.000319, and 0.000473 ± 0.000238 for Group 1 (20/0.02 + OS), Group 2 (20/0.02 + WO), and Group 3 (20/0.04 + SAF), respectively. The groups exhibited a significant difference (P < 0.01; ANOVA). Group 3 resulted in least debris extrusion compared to Groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.01; Tukey's post hoc test). Conclusion: Glide path prepared to size 20/0.04 and SAF 1.5 mm instrumentation produce less debris in curved mesial canals of mandibular molars, compared to glide path established by 20/0.02 and instrumentation by OS and WO files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya M Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mansing Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bhagyashree Thakur
- Department of Dentistry, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Mutha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D Y Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kulwinder Singh Banga
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Jain N, Pawar AM, Ukey PD, Jain PK, Thakur B, Gupta A. Preservation of root canal anatomy using self-adjusting file instrumentation with glide path prepared by 20/0.02 hand files versus 20/0.04 rotary files. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:81-85. [PMID: 28855752 PMCID: PMC5564249 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.212231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the relative axis modification and canal concentricity after glide path preparation with 20/0.02 hand K-file (NITIFLEX®) and 20/0.04 rotary file (HyFlex™ CM) with subsequent instrumentation with 1.5 mm self-adjusting file (SAF). Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty ISO 15, 0.02 taper, Endo Training Blocks (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were acquired and randomly divided into following two groups (n = 60): group 1, establishing glide path till 20/0.02 hand K-file (NITIFLEX®) followed by instrumentation with 1.5 mm SAF; and Group 2, establishing glide path till 20/0.04 rotary file (HyFlex™ CM) followed by instrumentation with 1.5 mm SAF. Pre- and post-instrumentation digital images were processed with MATLAB R 2013 software to identify the central axis, and then superimposed using digital imaging software (Picasa 3.0 software, Google Inc., California, USA) taking five landmarks as reference points. Student's t-test for pairwise comparisons was applied with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Training blocks instrumented with 20/0.04 rotary file and SAF were associated less deviation in canal axis (at all the five marked points), representing better canal concentricity compared to those, in which glide path was established by 20/0.02 hand K-files followed by SAF instrumentation. Conclusion: Canal geometry is better maintained after SAF instrumentation with a prior glide path established with 20/0.04 rotary file.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajinkya M Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D Y Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush D Ukey
- Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyashree Thakur
- Department of Dentistry, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Bayram HM, Bayram E, Ocak M, Uygun AD, Celik HH. Effect of ProTaper Gold, Self-Adjusting File, and XP-endo Shaper Instruments on Dentinal Microcrack Formation: A Micro–computed Tomographic Study. J Endod 2017; 43:1166-1169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kfir A, Moza-Levi R, Herteanu M, Weissman A, Wigler R. Apical extrusion of debris during the preparation of oval root canals: a comparative study between a full-sequence SAF system and a rotary file system supplemented by XP-endo finisher file. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:707-713. [PMID: 28608053 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of apically extruded debris during the preparation of oval canals with either a rotary file system supplemented by the XP-endo Finisher file or a full-sequence self-adjusting file (SAF) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to two groups: group A: stage 1-glide path preparation with Pre-SAF instruments. Stage 2-cleaning and shaping with SAF. Group B: stage 1-glide path preparation with ProGlider file. Stage 2-cleaning and shaping with ProTaper Next system. Stage 3-Final cleaning with XP-endo Finisher file. The debris extruded during each of the stages was collected, and the debris weights were compared between the groups and between the stages within the groups using t tests with a significance level set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The complete procedure for group B resulted in significantly more extruded debris compared to group A. There was no significant difference between the stages in group A, while there was a significant difference between stage 2 and stages 1 and 3 in group B, but no significant difference between stages 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS Both instrumentation protocols resulted in extruded debris. Rotary file followed by XP-endo Finisher file extruded significantly more debris than a full-sequence SAF system. Each stage, in either procedure, had its own contribution to the extrusion of debris. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Final preparation with XP-endo Finisher file contributes to the total amount of extruded debris, but the clinical relevance of the relative difference in the amount of apically extruded debris remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Moza-Levi
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Herteanu
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Weissman
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronald Wigler
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Dannemann M, Kucher M, Kirsch J, Binkowski A, Modler N, Hannig C, Weber MT. An Approach for a Mathematical Description of Human Root Canals by Means of Elementary Parameters. J Endod 2017; 43:536-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Saha SG, Vijaywargiya N, Saxena D, Saha MK, Bharadwaj A, Dubey S. Evaluation of the incidence of microcracks caused by Mtwo and ProTaper Next rotary file systems versus the self-adjusting file: A scanning electron microscopic study. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:355-359. [PMID: 29386786 PMCID: PMC5767833 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_70_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the incidence of microcrack formation canal preparation with two rotary nickel–titanium systems Mtwo and ProTaper Next along with the self-adjusting file system. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty mandibular premolar teeth were selected. Standardized access cavities were prepared and the canals were manually prepared up to size 20 after coronal preflaring. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups and one control group (n = 30). Group 1: The canals were prepared using Mtwo rotary files. Group 2: The canals were prepared with ProTaper Next files. Group 3: The canals were prepared with self-adjusting files. Group 4: The canals were unprepared and used as a control. The roots were sectioned horizontally 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and examined under a scanning electron microscope to check for the presence of microcracks. The Pearson's Chi-square test was applied. Results: The highest incidence of microcracks were associated with the ProTaper Next group, 80% (P = 0.00), followed by the Mtwo group, 70% (P = 0.000), and the least number of microcracks was noted in the self-adjusting file group, 10% (P = 0.068). No significant difference was found between the ProTaper Next and Mtwo groups (P = 0.368) while a significant difference was observed between the ProTaper Next and self-adjusting file groups (P = 0.000) as well as the Mtwo and self-adjusting file groups (P = 0.000). Conclusion: All nickel–titanium rotary instrument systems were associated with microcracks. However, the self-adjusting file system had significantly fewer microcracks when compared with the Mtwo and ProTaper Next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ganguly Saha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Vijaywargiya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Saxena
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mainak Kanti Saha
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Bharadwaj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Dubey
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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SEREFOGLU B, PİSKİN B. Micro computed tomography evaluation of the Self-adjusting file and ProTaper Universal system on curved mandibular molars. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:606-613. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu SEREFOGLU
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontology
| | - Beyser PİSKİN
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontology
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Shah DY, Wadekar SI, Dadpe AM, Jadhav GR, Choudhary LJ, Kalra DD. Canal transportation and centering ability of protaper and self-adjusting file system in long oval canals: An ex-vivo cone-beam computed tomography analysis. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:105-109. [PMID: 28855757 PMCID: PMC5564235 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.212234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context and Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the shaping ability of ProTaper (PT) and Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess their performance in oval-shaped root canals. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two mandibular premolars with single oval canals were divided into two experimental groups (n = 31) according to the systems used: Group I – PT and Group II – SAF. Canals were evaluated before and after instrumentation using CBCT to assess centering ratio and canal transportation at three levels. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey's test, and t-test. Results: The SAF showed better centering ability and lesser canal transportation than the PT only in the buccolingual plane at 6 and 9 mm levels. The shaping ability of the PT was best in the apical third in both the planes. The SAF had statistically significant better centering and lesser canal transportation in the buccolingual as compared to the mesiodistal plane at the middle and coronal levels. Conclusions: The SAF produced significantly less transportation and remained centered than the PT at the middle and coronal levels in the buccolingual plane of oval canals. In the mesiodistal plane, the performance of both the systems was parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Yogesh Shah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati Ishwara Wadekar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini Manish Dadpe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Ranganath Jadhav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lalit Jayant Choudhary
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dheeraj Deepak Kalra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Khalap ND, Kokate S, Hegde V. Ultrasonic versus sonic activation of the final irrigant in root canals instrumented with rotary/reciprocating files: An in-vitro scanning electron microscopy analysis. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:368-72. [PMID: 27563189 PMCID: PMC4979287 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.186451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the smear layer and debris removal in root canals instrumented with two different kinematic motions after ultrasonic and sonic irrigation activation. Materials and Methods: Eighty freshly extracted teeth were selected for the study and randomly divided the samples into two groups (n = 40) for instrumentation with either rotary ProTaper NEXT (PTN) or reciprocating WaveOne (WO) file systems. These (n = 40) were further divided into two groups (n = 20) where the final irrigant was activated using either Ultrasonics (Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation; PUI) or Sonics (EndoActivator; EA). Group 1: PTN + EA; Group 2: PTN + PUI; Group 3: WO + EA; and Group 4: WO + PUI. During instrumentation, a total of 4 ml of 5.25% NaOCl was used for irrigation. The final irrigation protocol included NaOCl and Smear Clear Solution. The samples were processed by scanning electron microscopic examination for debris and smear layer scoring, and statistical analysis was done. Results: The mean debris and smear layer score was less in the group instrumented by PTN with sonic activation of the irrigant. Conclusion: A combination of PTN instrumentation with sonic irrigation activation by EA is more effective in debris and smear layer removal in the groups tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Deepak Khalap
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharad Kokate
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vibha Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Pawar AM, Barfiwala D, Pawar M, Metzger Z, Kfir A, Jain N. Assessment of the fracture resistance of teeth instrumented using 2 rotary and 2 reciprocating files versus the Self-Adjusting File (SAF): An ex vivo comparative study on mandibular premolars. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:138-42. [PMID: 27099419 PMCID: PMC4815541 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.178692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Current ex vivo study compared fracture resistance of teeth instrumented using 5 endodontic files, filled with Gutta-percha and AH Plus. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted, single-rooted mandibular premolars were acquired and decoronated to obtain 15 mm segments. These samples were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). Group 1 served as the control containing untreated samples (without instrumentation or filling). In Groups 2-6, samples were instrumented using rotary (Universal ProTaper and Revo-S), reciprocating (WaveOne and RECIPROC®), and self-adjusting file (SAF), respectively. Following instrumentation, the samples were filled by lateral compaction with Gutta-percha and AH Plus. A week later, after the sealer was completely set, a vertical load was applied to the specimen's canal in each group until fracture. The loads required for fracture were recorded, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The mean fracture load differed significantly among the groups (P < 0.01; one-way ANOVA). Tukey's post-hoc tests revealed that the fracture resistance was similar in the control and SAF groups (P > 0.05) and was significantly higher than that of the 2 rotary and reciprocating groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The samples instrumented by the SAF exhibited a better fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya M Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D. Y. Patil Dental School and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Digesh Barfiwala
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D. Y. Patil Dental School and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mansing Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zvi Metzger
- Department of Endodontology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Niharika Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kfir A, Elkes D, Pawar A, Weissman A, Tsesis I. Incidence of microcracks in maxillary first premolars after instrumentation with three different mechanized file systems: a comparative ex vivo study. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:405-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Khalap ND, Hegde V, Kokate S. Fracture resistance exhibited by endodontically treated and retreated teeth shaped by ProTaper NEXT versus WaveOne: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2016; 18:453-6. [PMID: 26752838 PMCID: PMC4693317 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.168808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the fracture resistance exhibited by teeth after primary endodontic treatment and retreatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred freshly extracted human teeth were selected. 20 samples served as control (untreated). Eighty experimental samples were divided into two groups (n = 40) for instrumentation using rotary Protaper NEXT (PTN) or reciprocating WaveOne (WO) files and obturated using warm lateral compaction. Half of the samples (n = 20) from each group were subjected to a load. The remaining half were subjected to retreatment using Protaper universal retreatment files (RFs) followed by a file larger than the master apical file used in groups 1 and 2 and reobturated. Group A: Control, Group B: PTN + obturation, Group C: WO + obturation, Group D: RF + PTN + obturation and Group E: RF + WO + obturation. The retreatment specimens were also subjected to load and the readings acquired were statistically analyzed. Result: When compared between the groups, control group exhibited the highest fracture resistance (P < 0.01). When multiple tests were performed, Group E exhibited significantly less fracture resistance (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Endodontic treatment and retreatment both results in lowering the fracture resistance of a tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Deepak Khalap
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vibha Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharad Kokate
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Rodrigues RCV, Antunes HS, Neves MAS, Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Infection Control in Retreatment Cases: In Vivo Antibacterial Effects of 2 Instrumentation Systems. J Endod 2015; 41:1600-5. [PMID: 26234543 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This in vivo study compared the antibacterial effects of 2 instrumentation systems in root canal-treated teeth with apical periodontitis. METHODS Forty-eight teeth with a single root and a single canal showing post-treatment apical periodontitis were selected for this study. For retreatment, teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the instrumentation system used: Self-Adjusting File (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA; SybronEndo, Orange, CA). In both groups, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was the irrigant. Bacteriological samples were taken before (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation (S2). In the TFA group, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was performed after instrumentation, and samples were also taken after this supplementary step (S2b). DNA was extracted from the clinical samples and subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the levels of total bacteria, streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. Statistical analyses from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data were performed within groups using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test and between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Fisher exact test with the significance level set at P < .05. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in S1 samples from 43 teeth, which were then included in the antibacterial experiment. Both SAF and TFA instrumentation protocols showed a highly significant intracanal bacterial reduction (P < .001). Intergroup quantitative comparisons disclosed no significant differences between TFA with or without PUI and SAF (P > .05). PUI did not result in significant improvement in disinfection (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Both instrumentation systems/treatment protocols were highly effective in significantly reducing the intracanal bacterial counts. No significant difference was observed between the 2 systems in disinfecting the canals of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C V Rodrigues
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Henrique S Antunes
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica A S Neves
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pawar AM, Pawar S, Kfir A, Pawar M, Kokate S. Push-out bond strength of root fillings made with C-Point and BC sealer versus gutta-percha and AH Plus after the instrumentation of oval canals with the Self-Adjusting File versus WaveOne. Int Endod J 2015; 49:374-81. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics; D Y Patil Dental School and Hospital; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - S. Pawar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; D Y Patil Dental College & Hospital; Navi Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - A. Kfir
- Department of Endodontology; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics; Government Dental College & Hospital; Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - S. Kokate
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics; YMT Dental College & Hospital; Navi Mumbai Maharashtra India
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Kfir A, Goldberger T, Koren T, Pawar AM, Abramovitz I. Can size 20, .04 taper rotary files reproducibly create a glide path for the self-adjusting file? Anex vivostudy in MB canals of mandibular molars. Int Endod J 2015; 49:301-6. [PMID: 25772461 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kfir
- Department of Endodontology; The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - T. Goldberger
- Department of Endodontology; The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - T. Koren
- Department of Endodontology; The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - A. M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics; D Y Patil Dental School and Hospital; Lohegaon, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - I. Abramovitz
- Department of Endodontics; Hebrew University and Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine; Hebrew University; Jerusalem Israel
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48
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Çapar ID, Arslan H. A review of instrumentation kinematics of engine-driven nickel-titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2015; 49:119-35. [PMID: 25630977 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, NiTi alloys have become indispensable materials in endodontic treatment. With technological advancements in metallurgy, manufacturers have attempted to produce instruments with enhanced features. In parallel with these developments, endodontic motors have undergone improvements in terms of torque control and kinematics that are adjustable in different directions. This review presents an overview of the advancements in instrumentation kinematics and the effect of instrumentation kinematics on root canal shaping procedures and instrument performance. The literature search for this narrative review was conducted in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords 'kinematics and endodontics' and 'reciprocation and endodontics'. In addition, historical literature was searched using the keyword 'nickel-titanium and endodontics'. Overall, 143 articles were included up to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Çapar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - H Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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