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Yadav S, Yadava YK, Meena S, Kalwan G, Bharadwaj C, Paul V, Kansal R, Gaikwad K, Jain PK. Novel insights into drought-induced regulation of ribosomal genes through DNA methylation in chickpea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131380. [PMID: 38580022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Modifications within the epigenome of an organism in response to external environmental conditions allow it to withstand the hostile stress factors. Drought in chickpea is a severely limiting abiotic stress factor which is known to cause huge yield loss. To analyse the methylome of chickpea in response to drought stress conditions and how it affects gene expression, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-seq of two chickpea genotypes which contrast for drought tolerance. It was observed that the mCHH was most variable under drought stress and the drought tolerant (DT) genotype exhibited substantial genome-wide hypomethylation as compared to the drought sensitive (DS) genotype. Specifically, there was substantial difference in gene expression and methylation for the ribosomal genes for the tolerant and sensitive genotypes. The differential expression of these genes was in complete agreement with earlier reported transcriptomes in chickpea. Many of these genes were hypomethylated (q < 0.01) and downregulated under drought stress (p < 0.01) in the sensitive genotype. The gene RPS6 (ribosomal protein small subunit) was found to be downregulated and hypomethylated in the drought sensitive genotype which could possibly lead to reduced ribosomal biosynthesis. This study provides novel insights into regulation of drought-responsive genes in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Yashwant K Yadava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shashi Meena
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - C Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijay Paul
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rekha Kansal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Yadav S, Meena S, Kalwan G, Jain PK. DNA methylation: an emerging paradigm of gene regulation under drought stress in plants. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:311. [PMID: 38372841 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Drought is an enormous threat to global crop production. In order to ensure food security for the burgeoning population, we must develop drought tolerant crop varieties. This necessitates the identification of drought-responsive genes and understanding the mechanisms involved in their regulation. DNA methylation is a widely studied mechanism of epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which is known to play vital role in conferring tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stress factors. The recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, has allowed unprecedented access to genome-wide methylation marks, with single base resolution. The most important roles of DNA methylation have been studied in terms of gene body methylation (gbM), which is associated with regulation of both transcript abundance and its stability. The availability of mutants for the various genes encoding enzymes involved in methylation of DNA has allowed ascertainment of the biological significance of methylation. Even though a vast number of reports have emerged in the recent past, where both genome-wide methylation landscape and locus specific changes in DNA methylation have been studied, a conclusive picture with regards to the biological role of DNA methylation is still lacking. Compounding this, is the lack of sufficient evidence supporting the heritability of these epigenetic changes. Amongst the various epigenetic variations, the DNA methylation changes are observed to be the most stable. This review describes the drought-induced changes in DNA methylation identified across different plant species. We also briefly describe the stress memory contributed by these changes. The identification of heritable, drought-induced methylation marks would broaden the scope of crop improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shashi Meena
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Sahana KP, Srivastava A, Khar A, Jain N, Jain PK, Bharti H, Harun M, Mangal M. Anther-derived microspore embryogenesis in pepper hybrids orobelle and Bomby. Bot Stud 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38175359 PMCID: PMC10766580 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional breeding methods have long been employed worldwide for the evaluation and development of pepper cultivars. However, these methods necessitate multiple generations of screening, line development, evaluation, recognition, and crossing to obtain highly homozygous lines. In contrast, in vitro anther-derived microspore culture represents a rapid method to generate homozygous lines within a single generation. In the present study, we have optimized a protocol for microspore embryogenesis from anther cultures of pepper hybrids Orobelle and Bomby. RESULTS We achieved early and successful embryo formation from both genotypes by subjecting the buds to a cold pretreatment at 4 °C for 4 days. Our optimized culture medium, comprised of MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BAP, 0.25% activated charcoal, 2.6 g/L gelrite, 30 g/L sucrose, and 15 mg/L silver nitrate, exhibited the highest efficiency in embryo formation (1.85% and 1.46%) for Orobelle and Bomby, respectively. Furthermore, successful plant regeneration from the anther derived microspore embryos was accomplished using half-strength MS medium fortified with 2% sucrose and 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), solidified with 2.6 g/L gelrite. The ploidy status of the microspore-derived plantlets was analyzed using flow cytometry technique. Notably, the haploid plants exhibited distinct characteristics such as reduced plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and shorter internode length when compared to their diploid counterparts derived from seeds. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential of anther culture and microspore embryogenesis as an advanced method for accelerating pepper breeding programs, enabling the rapid production of superior homozygous lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Sahana
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Srivastava
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Khar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemlata Bharti
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Harun
- Division of Design and Experiments, ICAR-IASRI, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Mangal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Yadava YK, Chaudhary P, Yadav S, Rizvi AH, Kumar T, Srivastava R, Soren KR, Bharadwaj C, Srinivasan R, Singh NK, Jain PK. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:17623. [PMID: 37848483 PMCID: PMC10582051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the genetic basis of drought tolerance is vital for genomics-assisted breeding of drought tolerant crop varieties. Here, we used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a drought tolerant chickpea variety, Pusa 362 and a drought sensitive variety, SBD 377. The GBS identified a total of 35,502 SNPs and subsequent filtering of these resulted in 3237 high-quality SNPs included in the eight linkage groups. Fifty-one percent of these SNPs were located in the genic regions distributed throughout the genome. The high density linkage map has total map length of 1069 cm with an average marker interval of 0.33 cm. The linkage map was used to identify 9 robust and consistent QTLs for four drought related traits viz. membrane stability index, relative water content, seed weight and yield under drought, with percent variance explained within the range of 6.29%-90.68% and LOD scores of 2.64 to 6.38, which were located on five of the eight linkage groups. A genomic region on LG 7 harbors quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining > 90% phenotypic variance for membrane stability index, and > 10% PVE for yield. This study also provides the first report of major QTLs for physiological traits such as membrane stability index and relative water content for drought stress in chickpea. A total of 369 putative candidate genes were identified in the 6.6 Mb genomic region spanning these QTLs. In-silico expression profiling based on the available transcriptome data revealed that 326 of these genes were differentially expressed under drought stress. KEGG analysis resulted in reduction of candidate genes from 369 to 99, revealing enrichment in various signaling pathways. Haplotype analysis confirmed 5 QTLs among the initially identified 9 QTLs. Two QTLs, qRWC1.1 and qYLD7.1, were chosen based on high SNP density. Candidate gene-based analysis revealed distinct haplotypes in qYLD7.1 associated with significant phenotypic differences, potentially linked to pathways for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These identified candidate genes bolster defenses through flavonoids and phenylalanine-derived compounds, aiding UV protection, pathogen resistance, and plant structure.The study provides novel genomic regions and candidate genes which can be utilized in genomics-assisted breeding of superior drought tolerant chickpea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant K Yadava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pooja Chaudhary
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Aqeel Hasan Rizvi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tapan Kumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rachna Srivastava
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K R Soren
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - C Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - R Srinivasan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - N K Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Yadav S, Kalwan G, Meena S, Gill SS, Yadava YK, Gaikwad K, Jain PK. Unravelling the due importance of pseudogenes and their resurrection in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2023; 203:108062. [PMID: 37778114 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The complexities of a genome are underpinned to the vast expanses of the intergenic region, which constitutes ∼97-98% of the genome. This region is essentially composed of what is colloquially referred to as the "junk DNA" and is composed of various elements like transposons, repeats, pseudogenes, etc. The latter have long been considered as dead elements merely contributing to transcriptional noise in the genome. Many studies now describe the previously unknown regulatory functions of these genes. Recent advances in the Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have allowed unprecedented access to these regions. With the availability of whole genome sequences of more than 788 different plant species in past 20 years, genome annotation has become feasible like never before. Different bioinformatic pipelines are available for the identification of pseudogenes. However, still little is known about their biological functions. The functional validation of these genes remains challenging and research in this area is still in infancy, particularly in plants. CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing could provide solutions to understand the biological roles of these genes by allowing creation of precise edits within these genes. The possibility of pseudogene reactivation or resurrection as has been demonstrated in a few studies might open new avenues of genetic manipulation to yield a desirable phenotype. This review aims at comprehensively summarizing the progress made with regards to the identification of pseudogenes and understanding their biological functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shashi Meena
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology & Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant K Yadava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Kumar P, Kumar S, Mishra M, Jaiswal K, Bharati PP, Yadav RS, Jain PK, Kumar V, Yadav M. Growth Assessment of Under-Five Children of Employed and Unemployed Mothers of Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48035. [PMID: 38034210 PMCID: PMC10688233 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The under-five age group is crucial because the health profile of this age group will have a huge effect on the future development of the nation. Early infancy is marked by several distinct developmental characteristics. Progress in each domain of childhood development is used to track a child's development. Objectives The objectives of the present study were to assess and compare the growth of under-five children of employed and unemployed mothers in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Material and methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in Etawah district's urban and rural areas between January 2021 and June 2022. A total of 200 mothers with children under the age of five were recruited using the purposive sampling method. To gather pertinent information, a semi-structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Results In the present study on the comparison of the growth of children among employed and unemployed mothers, it shows that 48 children (50.5%) with a weight between 10.5 and 15 kg were of employed mothers, while 52 children weighing less than 10.5kg were of unemployed mothers (p<0.001). Forty-four children (57.1%) with a chest circumference of more than 48 cm were of employed mothers, while 26 children (78.8%) with a chest circumference of less than 45 cm were of unemployed mothers (p = 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicates that statistically significant differences were found in age-appropriate gain in weight and chest circumference, which was higher among the children of employed mothers in comparison to children of unemployed mothers. There was no statistically significant difference in age-appropriate gain in height, head circumference, or mid-upper arm circumference among the children of employed mothers and unemployed mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Sandip Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Mohit Mishra
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Kirti Jaiswal
- Physiology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | | | - R S Yadav
- Botany, Karm Kshetra Post Graduate (K.K. P.G. College, Etawah, IND
| | - P K Jain
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
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Jain PK, Kim ZH, Wei WD. The physics of plasmon-driven energy conversion. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:070401. [PMID: 37584952 DOI: 10.1063/5.0168581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zee Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei David Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Alcorn FM, van der Veen RM, Jain PK. In Situ Electron Microscopy of Transformations of Copper Nanoparticles under Plasmonic Excitation. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37399502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are attracting interest for their light-absorption properties, but such materials are known to dynamically evolve under the action of chemical and physical perturbations, resulting in changes in their structure and composition. Using a transmission electron microscope equipped for optical excitation of the specimen, the structural evolution of Cu-based nanoparticles under simultaneous electron beam irradiation and plasmonic excitation was investigated with high spatiotemporal resolution. These nanoparticles initially have a Cu core-Cu2O oxide shell structure, but over the course of imaging, they undergo hollowing via the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. We captured the nucleation of a void within the core, which then rapidly grows along specific crystallographic directions until the core is hollowed out. Hollowing is triggered by electron-beam irradiation; plasmonic excitation enhances the kinetics of the transformation likely by the effect of photothermal heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Alcorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Renske M van der Veen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Tiadi M, Trivedi V, Kumar S, Jain PK, Yadav SK, Gopalan R, Satapathy DK, Battabyal M. Enhanced Thermoelectric Efficiency in P-Type Mg 3Sb 2: Role of Monovalent Atoms Codoping at Mg sites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:20175-20190. [PMID: 37067866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to natural abundance, low cost, and compatibility with sustainable green technology, Mg3Sb2-based Zintl compounds are comprehensively explored as potential thermoelectric materials for near-room temperature applications. The effective use of these materials in thermoelectric devices requires both p and n-type Mg3Sb2 having comparable thermoelectric efficiency. However, p-type Mg3Sb2 has inferior thermoelectric efficiency efficiency compared to its n-type counterpart due to low electrical conductivity (∼103Sm-1). Here, we show that codoping of monovalent atoms (Li-Ag, and Na-Ag) at the Mg site of Mg3Sb2 produces a synergistic effect and boosts the electrical conductivity, which enhances the thermoelectric properties of p-type Mg3Sb2. While, Ag prefers to occupy the Mg2 site, Li and Na are favorable at the Mg1 site of Mg3Sb2 lattice. Compared to Li-Ag codoping, Na-Ag codoping in Mg3Sb2 is found to be more effective for increasing the charge carrier concentration and significantly augmenting the electrical conductivity. The dominance of the three-phonon scattering mechanism in Li and Li-Ag doped Mg3Sb2 and the four-phonon scattering process for the Na and Na-Ag doped Mg3Sb2 are confirmed. Due to the simultaneous increase in electrical conductivity and decrease in thermal conductivity, the zT value ∼0.8 at 675 K achieved for Mg2.975Na0.02Ag0.005Sb2 is the highest value among p-type Mg3Sb2. Our work shows a constructive approach to enhance the zT of p-type Mg3Sb2 via monovalent atoms codoping at the Mg sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minati Tiadi
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT M Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vikrant Trivedi
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT M Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - P K Jain
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Balapur, Hyderabad 500005, Telangana, India
| | - Satyesh Kumar Yadav
- Center for Atomistic Modeling and Materials Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Gopalan
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT M Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Dillip K Satapathy
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Manjusha Battabyal
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT M Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
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Jain PK. Primary role of photothermal heating in light-driven reduction of nitroarenes. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:326. [PMID: 36997757 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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Sachan D, Shukla SK, Bajpai PK, Srivastava DK, Kumar S, Jain PK, Pathak P. Validation of satisfaction questionnaire for services provided in the labour rooms of government health facilities. J Healthc Qual Res 2023; 38:76-83. [PMID: 36163149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Using the assessment of satisfaction of patients of labour room services, the caregiver or policymakers can identify the gaps in the implemented programmes and health policies. This study was aimed to design a valid and reliable satisfaction questionnaire that will help in identifying the aspects of gaps that need improvement. METHODS A facility and community-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the district of western Uttar Pradesh (India) between January 2019 and August 2020. Validation of the structured questionnaire with 34 dichotomous questions categorized under five subscales was performed by evaluating its validity and reliability. A total of 380 beneficiaries were selected from 48 government health facilities. RESULTS The calculated Content validity index was calculated to be 9.5 which was adequate as per the guidelines. The reliability analysis of the questionnaire showed that the internal consistency was high with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.710. The variation in Cronbach's alpha on the elimination of any question from the questionnaire ranged from 0.676 to 0.767. The mean patient satisfaction score in the total surveyed population was 24.39±4.684 (total score=34) and there was a greater variation in the satisfaction score of infrastructure when compared with other subscales. CONCLUSION The findings from this study support the reliability and validity of the patient satisfaction questionnaire as it is capable of evaluating the satisfaction in terms of delivery services provided in labour rooms as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sachan
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - S K Shukla
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India.
| | - P K Bajpai
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - D K Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - P K Jain
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - P Pathak
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
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Wan R, Liu S, Wang Y, Yang Y, Tian Y, Jain PK, Kang X. Hot Carrier Lifetimes and Electrochemical Water Dissociation Enhanced by Nickel Doping of a Plasmonic Electrocatalyst. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7819-7825. [PMID: 36178334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hot carriers generated by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation of plasmonic metal nanoparticles are known to enhance electrocatalytic reactions. However, the participation of plasmonically generated carriers in interfacial electrochemical reactions is often limited by fast relaxation of these carriers. Herein, we address this challenge by tuning the electronic structure of a plasmonic electrocatalyst. Specifically, we design an electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that consists of nanoparticles of a ternary Cu-Pt-Ni ternary alloy. The CuPt alloy has both plasmonic attributes and electrocatalytic HER activity. Ni doping contributes an electron-deficient 3d band and fully filled 4s band, which promotes water adsorption and prolongs the lifetimes of excited carriers generated by plasmonic excitation. As an outcome, the Cu-Pt-Ni nanoparticles exhibit boosted activity for electrochemical water dissociation and HER under LSPR excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendian Wan
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, 382 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shilong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiongwu Kang
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, 382 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
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13
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Cho KH, Jain PK. Superionic Conduction in One-Dimensional Nanostructures. ACS Nano 2022; 16:12445-12451. [PMID: 35904553 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructuring has become a powerful tool for tuning the electronic properties of materials and enhancing transport. As an example of relevance to next-generation battery technologies, nanocrystals have shown promise for realizing fast-ion conduction in solids; however, dissipationless ion transport over extended length scales is hindered by lossy interfaces formed between nanocrystals in a solid. Here we address this challenge by exploiting one-dimensional nanostructures for ion transport. Superionic conduction, with a record-high ionic conductivity of ∼4 S/cm at 150 °C, is demonstrated in solid electrolytes fabricated from nanowires of the earth-abundant solid copper selenide. This quasi-one-dimensional ionic conductivity is ∼5× higher than that in bulk cuprous selenide. Nanoscale dimensions in the radial direction lower ion-hopping barriers, while mesoscopically long, interface-free transport paths are available for ion transport in the axial direction. One-dimensional nanostructures can exceptionally boost solid-state devices that rely on ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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14
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Yadav S, Yadava YK, Kohli D, Meena S, Kalwan G, Bharadwaj C, Gaikwad K, Arora A, Jain PK. Genome-wide identification, in silico characterization and expression analysis of the RNA helicase gene family in chickpea (C. arietinum L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:9778. [PMID: 35697711 PMCID: PMC9192698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA helicases are an important class of enzymes which are known to influence almost every aspect of RNA metabolism. The majority of RNA helicases belong to the SF2 (superfamily 2) superfamily, members of which are further categorized into three separate subfamilies i.e., the DEAD, DEAH and DExD/H-box subfamilies. In chickpea, these RNA helicases have not been characterized until now. A genome-wide analysis across the chickpea genome led to the identification of a total of 150 RNA helicase genes which included 50 DEAD, 33 DEAH and 67 DExD/H-box genes. These were distributed across all the eight chromosomes, with highest number on chromosome 4 (26) and least on chromosome 8 (8). Gene duplication analysis resulted in identification of 15 paralogous gene pairs with Ka/Ks values < 1, indicating towards the genes being under purifying selection during the course of evolution. The promoter regions of the RNA helicase genes were enriched in cis-acting elements like the light and ABA-responsive elements. The drought responsiveness of the genes was analysed by studying the expression profiles of few of these genes, in two different genotypes, the cultivated variety ICC 8261 (kabuli, C. arietinum) and the wild accession ILWC 292 (C. reticulatum), through qRT-PCR. These genotypes were selected based on their drought responsiveness in a field experiment, where it was observed that the percentage (%) reduction in relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI) for the drought stressed plants after withholding water for 24 days, over the control or well-watered plants, was least for both the genotypes. The genes CaDEAD50 and CaDExD/H66 were identified as drought-responsive RNA helicase genes in chickpea. The protein encoded by the CaDExD/H66 gene shares a high degree of homology with one of the CLSY (CLASSY) proteins of A. thaliana. We hypothesize that this gene could possibly be involved in regulation of DNA methylation levels in chickpea by regulating siRNA production, in conjunction with other proteins like the Argonaute, RNA dependent RNA polymerases and Dicer-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Yashwant K Yadava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Deshika Kohli
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shashi Meena
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - C Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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15
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Abstract
Ammonia is a promising liquid-phase carrier for the storage, transport, and deployment of carbon-free energy. However, the realization of an ammonia economy is predicated on the availability of green methods for the production of ammonia powered by electricity from renewable sources or by solar energy. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of ammonium from nitrate powered by a synergistic combination of electricity and light. We use an electrocatalyst composed of gold nanoparticles, which have dual attributes of electrochemical nitrate reduction activity and visible-light-harvesting ability due to their localized surface plasmon resonances. Plasmonic excitation of the electrocatalyst induces ammonium synthesis with up to a 15× boost in activity relative to conventional electrocatalysis. We devise a strategy to account for the effect of photothermal heating of the electrode surface, which allows the observed enhancement to be attributed to non-thermal effects such as energetic carriers and charged interfaces induced by plasmonic excitation. The synergy between electrochemical activation and plasmonic activation is the most optimal at a potential close to the onset of nitrate reduction. Plasmon-assisted electrochemistry presents an opportunity for conventional limits of electrocatalytic conversion to be surpassed due to non-equilibrium conditions generated by plasmonic excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Contreras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rachel Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chloe Litts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Francis M Alcorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Devasia D, Wilson AJ, Heo J, Mohan V, Jain PK. A rich catalog of C-C bonded species formed in CO 2 reduction on a plasmonic photocatalyst. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2612. [PMID: 33972538 PMCID: PMC8110802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding and rational design of heterogeneous catalysts for complex reactions, such as CO2 reduction, requires knowledge of elementary steps and chemical species prevalent on the catalyst surface under operating conditions. Using in situ nanoscale surface-enhanced Raman scattering, we probe the surface of a Ag nanoparticle during plasmon-excitation-driven CO2 reduction in water. Enabled by the high spatiotemporal resolution and surface sensitivity of our method, we detect a rich array of C1-C4 species formed on the photocatalytically active surface. The abundance of multi-carbon compounds, such as butanol, suggests the favorability of kinetically challenging C-C coupling on the photoexcited Ag surface. Another advance of this work is the use of isotope labeling in nanoscale probing, which allows confirmation that detected species are the intermediates and products of the catalytic reaction rather than spurious contaminants. The surface chemical knowledge made accessible by our approach will inform the modeling and engineering of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinumol Devasia
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.266623.50000 0001 2113 1622Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Varun Mohan
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
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17
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Nayak A, Jain PK, Kankar PK, Jain N. On comprehensive analysis of root canal shaping ability of three endodontic files of different kinematics. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:947-957. [PMID: 33960227 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211014670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infection of the tooth's root canal requires what is called root canal treatment (RTC). The most important part of endodontic treatment is to shape the root canal and remove its infected portion using endodontic files of various protocols, kinematics and designs that suit the particular geometry. Cleaning and Shaping the canal efficiently remove the root canal bacterial biofilms or tissue remnants while keeping its natural geometry. The result is determined by shaping the ability of the relevant endodontic file. In the available literature, no norm has been established for the measurement of various endodontic files' ability to do effective shaping. We present in this study a method to analyse and measure the shaping ability of endodontic files of three different kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Nayak
- PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.,School of Automation, Banasthali Vidyapith, Niwai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant K Jain
- PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Niharika Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Science, Hospital and Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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18
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Abstract
Because plasmonic metal nanostructures combine strong light absorption with catalytically active surfaces, they have become platforms for the light-assisted catalysis of chemical reactions. The enhancement of reaction rates by plasmonic excitation has been extensively discussed. This review focuses on a less discussed aspect: the induction of new reaction pathways by light excitation. Through commentary on seminal reports, we describe the principles behind the optical modulation of chemical reactivity and selectivity on plasmonic metal nanostructures. Central to these phenomena are excited charge carriers generated by plasmonic excitation, which modify the energy landscape available to surface reactive species and unlock pathways not conventionally available in thermal catalysis. Photogenerated carriers can trigger bond dissociation or desorption in an adsorbate-selective manner, drive charge transfer and multielectron redox reactions, and generate radical intermediates. Through one or more of these mechanisms, a specific pathway becomes favored under light. By improved control over these mechanisms, light-assisted catalysis can be transformational for chemical synthesis and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinumol Devasia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Ankita Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Varun Mohan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; .,Department of Physics, Materials Research Lab, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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19
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Laucht A, Hohls F, Ubbelohde N, Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba M, Reilly DJ, Stobbe S, Schröder T, Scarlino P, Koski JV, Dzurak A, Yang CH, Yoneda J, Kuemmeth F, Bluhm H, Pla J, Hill C, Salfi J, Oiwa A, Muhonen JT, Verhagen E, LaHaye MD, Kim HH, Tsen AW, Culcer D, Geresdi A, Mol JA, Mohan V, Jain PK, Baugh J. Roadmap on quantum nanotechnologies. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:162003. [PMID: 33543734 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum phenomena are typically observable at length and time scales smaller than those of our everyday experience, often involving individual particles or excitations. The past few decades have seen a revolution in the ability to structure matter at the nanoscale, and experiments at the single particle level have become commonplace. This has opened wide new avenues for exploring and harnessing quantum mechanical effects in condensed matter. These quantum phenomena, in turn, have the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate, compute and probe the nanoscale world. Here, we review developments in key areas of quantum research in light of the nanotechnologies that enable them, with a view to what the future holds. Materials and devices with nanoscale features are used for quantum metrology and sensing, as building blocks for quantum computing, and as sources and detectors for quantum communication. They enable explorations of quantum behaviour and unconventional states in nano- and opto-mechanical systems, low-dimensional systems, molecular devices, nano-plasmonics, quantum electrodynamics, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and more. This rapidly expanding intersection of nanotechnology and quantum science/technology is mutually beneficial to both fields, laying claim to some of the most exciting scientific leaps of the last decade, with more on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Laucht
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
| | - Frank Hohls
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Niels Ubbelohde
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba
- Quantum Motion Technologies, Nexus, Discovery Way, Leeds, LS2 3AA, United Kingdom
- Present address: Quantum Motion Technologies, Windsor House, Cornwall Road, Harrogate HG1 2PW, United Kingdom
| | - David J Reilly
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Microsoft Corporation, Station Q Sydney, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Søren Stobbe
- Department of Photonics Engineering, DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jonne V Koski
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dzurak
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chih-Hwan Yang
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Yoneda
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Kuemmeth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- JARA-FIT Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jarryd Pla
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Charles Hill
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joe Salfi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Akira Oiwa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Juha T Muhonen
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ewold Verhagen
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M D LaHaye
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1130, United States of America
- Present Address: United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Rome, NY 13441, United States of America
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Adam W Tsen
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dimitrie Culcer
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW Node, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Attila Geresdi
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Mol
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Varun Mohan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Baugh
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Nayak A, Jain PK, Kankar PK, Jain N. Effect of volumetric shrinkage of restorative materials on tooth structure: A finite element analysis. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:493-499. [PMID: 33482709 DOI: 10.1177/0954411921990138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-treatment coronal hermetic seal of the root canal opening prevents the food or saliva which assist to achieve successful endodontic treatment. Gutta-percha is filled in the inner canal, that is, from cervical third to apical third. Gutta-percha does not provide the hermetic seal because it does not bound with dentine walls. Various new restorative materials have been developed in the last 6-7 decade but drawback related to the polymerization shrinkage of the composite resin remains a clinical problem. In general, dental composites having volumetric shrinkage of the material depends on its formulation and curing conditions. In this article, the effect of this polymerization shrinkage on the tooth structure has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Nayak
- Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Pt. Dwarka Prasad Mishra Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Pt. Dwarka Prasad Mishra Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pavan K Kankar
- Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Niharika Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Science, Hospital and Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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21
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Abstract
Superionic conductors are prime candidates for the electrolytes of all-solid-state batteries. Our understanding of the mechanism and performance of superionic conductors is largely based on their idealized lattice structures. But how do defects in the lattice affect ionic structure and transport in these materials? This is a question answered here by in situ transmission electron microscopy of copper selenide, a classic superionic conductor. Nanowires of copper selenide exhibit antiphase boundaries which are a form of a planar defect. We examine the lattice structure around an antiphase boundary and monitor with atomic resolution how this structure evolves in an ordered-to-superionic phase transition. Antiphase boundaries are found to act as barriers to the propagation of the superionic phase. Antiphase boundaries also undergo spatial diffusion and shape changes resulting from thermally activated fluctuations of the neighboring ionic structure. These spatiotemporal insights highlight the importance of collective ionic transport and the role of defects in superionic conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungju Yu
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Present address: Department of Energy Systems Research Department of Chemistry Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
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23
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Abstract
The photoexcitation of plasmonic nanoparticles has been shown to drive multistep, multicarrier transformations, such as the conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbons. But for such plasmon-driven chemistry to be precisely understood and modeled, the critical photoinitiation step in the reaction cascade must be identified. We meet this goal by measuring H/D and 12 C/13 C kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in plasmonic photosynthesis. In particular, we found that the substitution of H2 O with D2 O slows hydrocarbon production by a factor of 5-8. This primary H/D KIE leads to the inference that hole-driven scission of the O-H bond in H2 O is a critical, limiting step in plasmonic photosynthesis. This study advances mechanistic understanding of light-driven chemical reactions on plasmonic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungju Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.,Present address: Department of Energy Systems Research, Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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24
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Wang J, Heo J, Chen C, Wilson AJ, Jain PK. Ammonia Oxidation Enhanced by Photopotential Generated by Plasmonic Excitation of a Bimetallic Electrocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Changqiang Chen
- Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Materials Research Laboratory Department of Physics, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Abstract
ConspectusPlasmonic nanostructures have garnered widescale scientific interest because of their strong light-matter interactions and the tunability of their absorption across the solar spectrum. At the heart of their superlative interaction with light is the resonant excitation of a collective oscillation of electrons in the nanostructure by the incident electromagnetic field. These resonant oscillations are known as localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). In recent years, the community has uncovered intriguing photochemical attributes of noble metal nanostructures arising from their LSPRs. Chemical reactions that are otherwise unfavorable or sluggish in the dark are induced on the nanostructure surface upon photoexcitation of LSPRs. This phenomenon has led to the birth of plasmonic catalysis. The rates of a variety of kinetically challenging reactions are enhanced by plasmon-excited nanostructures. While the potential utility for solar energy harvesting and chemical production is clear, there is a natural curiosity about the precise origin(s) of plasmonic catalysis. One explanation is that the reactions are facilitated by the action of the intensely concentrated and confined electric fields generated on the nanostructure upon LSPR excitation. Another mechanism of activation involves hot carriers transiently produced in the metal nanostructure by damping of LSPRs.In this Account, we visit a phenomenon that has received less attention but has a key role to play in plasmonic catalysis and chemistry. Under common chemical scenarios, plasmonic excitation induces a potential or a voltage on a nanoparticle. This photopotential modifies the energetics of a chemical reaction on noble metal nanoparticles. In a range of cases studied by our laboratory and others, light-induced potentials underlie the plasmonic enhancement of reaction kinetics. The photopotential model does not replace other known mechanisms, but it complements them. There are multiple ways in which an electrostatic photopotential is produced by LSPR excitation, such as optical rectification, but one that is most relevant in chemical media is asymmetric charge transfer to solution-phase acceptors. Electrons and holes produced in a nanostructure by damping of LSPRs are not removed at the same rate. As a result, the slower carrier accumulates on the nanostructure, and a steady-state charge is built up on the nanostructure, leading to a photopotential. Potentials of up to a few hundred millivolts have been measured by our laboratory and others. A photocharged nanoparticle is a source of carriers of a higher potential than an uncharged one. As a result, redox chemical reactions on noble metal nanoparticles exhibit lower activation barriers under photoexcitation. In electrochemical reactions on noble metal nanoparticles, the photopotential supplements the applied potential. In a diverse set of reactions, the photopotential model explains the photoenhancement of rates as well as the trends as a function of light intensity and photon energy. With further gains, light-induced potentials may be used as a knob for controlling the activities and selectivities of noble metal nanoparticle catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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26
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Wang J, Heo J, Chen C, Wilson AJ, Jain PK. Ammonia Oxidation Enhanced by Photopotential Generated by Plasmonic Excitation of a Bimetallic Electrocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Changqiang Chen
- Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Materials Research Laboratory Department of Physics, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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27
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Jain PK. Comment on "Thermal effects - an alternative mechanism for plasmon-assisted photocatalysis" by Y. Dubi, I. W. Un and Y. Sivan, Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 5017. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9022-9023. [PMID: 34125118 PMCID: PMC8163434 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of chemical reactions occurring on the surfaces of metal nanoparticles exhibit enhanced rates under plasmonic excitation. It is not straightforward to distinguish between photochemical and photothermal effect using Arrhenius fitting of the reaction rates alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA .,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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28
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Abstract
Single-molecule-level measurements are bringing about a revolution in our understanding of chemical and biochemical processes. Conventional measurements are performed on large ensembles of molecules. Such ensemble-averaged measurements mask molecular-level dynamics and static and dynamic fluctuations in reactivity, which are vital to a holistic understanding of chemical reactions. Watching reactions on the single-molecule level provides access to this otherwise hidden information. Sub-diffraction-limited spatial resolution fluorescence imaging methods, which have been successful in the field of biophysics, have been applied to study chemical processes on single-nanoparticle and single-molecule levels, bringing us new mechanistic insights into physiochemical processes. However, the scope of chemical processes that can be studied using fluorescence imaging is considerably limited; the chemical reaction has to be designed such that it involves fluorophores or fluorogenic probes. In this article, we review optical imaging modalities alternative to fluorescence imaging, which expand greatly the range of chemical processes that can be probed with nanoscale or even single-molecule resolution. First, we show that the luminosity, wavelength, and intermittency of solid-state photoluminescence (PL) can be used to probe chemical transformations on the single-nanoparticle-level. Next, we highlight case studies where localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) scattering is used for tracking solid-state, interfacial, and near-field-driven chemical reactions occurring in individual nanoscale locations. Third, we explore the utility of surface- and tip-enhanced Raman scattering to monitor individual bond-dissociation and bond-formation events occurring locally in chemical reactions on surfaces. Each example has yielded some new understanding about molecular mechanisms or location-to-location heterogeneity in chemical activity. The review finishes with new and complementary tools that are expected to further enhance the scope of knowledge attainable through nanometer-scale resolution chemical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Dinumol Devasia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Materials Research Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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29
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Abstract
By the photoexcitation of localized surface plasmon resonances of metal nanoparticles, one can generate reaction equivalents for driving redox reactions. We show that, in such cases, there is a chemical potential contributed by the plasmonic excitation. This chemical potential is a function of the concentration of light, as we determine from the light-intensity-dependent activity in the plasmon-excitation-driven reduction of CO2 on Au nanoparticles. Our finding allows the treatment of plasmonic excitation as a reagent in chemical reactions; the chemical potential of this reagent is tunable by the light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungju Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungju Yu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryDepartment of Physics, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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31
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Abstract
An understanding of the thermodynamic properties of elementary chemical steps of a reaction is important for the development of fundamental reaction theories and for effective industrial practice. In this work, temperature-variable single-molecule fluorescence microscopy was employed to study a reversible redox chemical process and reveal the thermodynamics of chemical elementary reactions at a single-molecule level. Activation energies of pure elementary steps were measured on the level of single molecules and found to be heterogeneously distributed across the population of individual molecules. The activation parameters measured across the population of individual molecules also exhibited a compensation effect and an isokinetic relationship. These results constitute a new single-molecule-level perspective into a chemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry & Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Anhui 230026 , China
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32
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Abstract
The engineering of nanoscale features enables the properties of solid-state materials to be tuned. Here, we show the tunable preparation of cuprous sulfide nanocrystals ranging in internal structures from single-domain to multi-domain. The synthetic method utilizes in-situ oxidation to grow nanocrystals with a controlled degree of copper deficiency. Copper-deficient nanocrystals spontaneously undergo twinning to a multi-domain structure. Nanocrystals with twinned domains exhibit markedly altered crystallographic phase and phase transition characteristics as compared to single-domain nanocrystals. In the presence of twin boundaries, the temperature for transition from the ordered phase to the high-copper-mobility superionic phase is depressed. Whereas the superionic phase is stable in the bulk only above ca. 100 °C, cuprous sulfide nanocrystals of ca. 7 nm diameter and a twinned structure are stable in the superionic phase well below ambient temperature. These findings demonstrate twinning to be a structural handle for nanoscale materials design and enable applications for an earth-abundant mineral in solid electrolytes for Li-S batteries. The ability to control the internal domain structure of a nanocrystal represents a new direction in nanomaterials design. Here, the authors develop a method to controllably introduce twin boundaries in cuprous sulfide nanocrystals, and find that twinning stabilizes these nanocrystals in the superionic phase well below room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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33
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Cho KH, Heo J, Sung YM, Jain PK. One-Dimensional Cuprous Selenide Nanostructures with Switchable Plasmonic and Super-ionic Phase Attributes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8410-8415. [PMID: 31016822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cuprous selenide nanocrystals have hallmark attributes, especially tunable localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and super-ionic behavior. These attributes of cuprous selenide are now integrated with a one-dimensional morphology. Essentially, Cu2 Se nanowires (NWs) of micrometer-scale lengths and about 10 nm diameter are prepared. The NWs exhibit a super-ionic phase that is stable at temperatures lower than in the bulk, owing to compressive lattice strain along the radial dimension of the NWs. The NWs can be switched between oxidized and reduced forms, which have contrasting phase transition and LSPR characteristics. This work thus makes available switchable, one-dimensional waveguides and ion-conducting channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yun-Mo Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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34
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Nayak A, Kankar PK, Jain PK, Jain N. Force and vibration generated in apical direction by three endodontic files of different kinematics during simulated canal preparation: An in vitro analytical study. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:839-848. [PMID: 31165678 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919854574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During root canal shaping, pain could result from the high level of force or vibration generated. This could be related to file kinematics or geometry. In the present study, a comparison is made between forces and vibrations generated by endodontic files having three different kinematics. Square pillar resin blocks were used as simulated root canals to study forces and vibrations generated by the file having reciprocating motion (WaveOne Gold), transline motion (Self-Adjusting File), and rotary motion (2Shape). The forces and vibrations were measured using the dynamometer and accelerometer, respectively. Recorded time domain signals were processed in MATLAB to calculate the root mean square value. A one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test for post hoc comparison at 95% confidence interval were applied over the root mean square data of different files. From a statistical analysis of the file systems, the null hypotheses could not be accepted (P < 0.05) as 95% of the confidence interval. Differences between the means were statistically significant. The root mean square values of force and vibration for WaveOne Gold significantly exceeded those of Self-Adjusting File, 2Shape1, and 2Shape2 while the root mean square values of vibration for 2Shape1 and 2Shape2 were significantly less than the Self-Adjusting File; however, the root mean square value of force for the 2Shape2 was significantly more than for the Self-Adjusting File. Under the present experimental conditions, significant differences in the root mean square values of force and vibration of the three endodontic files of different kinematics have been observed. The WaveOne Gold file system generated higher apical force and vibration than the transline and rotary file system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P K Kankar
- 2 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | | | - Niharika Jain
- 3 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Science, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, India
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35
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Huang L, Zou J, Ye JY, Zhou ZY, Lin Z, Kang X, Jain PK, Chen S. Synergy between Plasmonic and Electrocatalytic Activation of Methanol Oxidation on Palladium-Silver Alloy Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8794-8798. [PMID: 31038831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation of noble metal nanoparticles has been shown to accelerate and drive photochemical reactions. Here, LSPR excitation is shown to enhance the electrocatalysis of a fuel-cell-relevant reaction. The electrocatalyst consists of Pdx Ag alloy nanotubes (NTs), which combine the catalytic activity of Pd toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and the visible-light plasmonic response of Ag. The alloy electrocatalyst exhibits enhanced MOR activity under LSPR excitation with significantly higher current densities and a shift to more positive potentials. The modulation of MOR activity is ascribed primarily to hot holes generated by LSPR excitation of the Pdx Ag NTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiasui Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yu Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiongwu Kang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 90095, USA
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36
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Huang L, Zou J, Ye J, Zhou Z, Lin Z, Kang X, Jain PK, Chen S. Synergy between Plasmonic and Electrocatalytic Activation of Methanol Oxidation on Palladium–Silver Alloy Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jiasui Zou
- School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Yu Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐You Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xiongwu Kang
- School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research LaboratoryBeckman Institute of Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa Cruz CA 90095 USA
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37
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Cho K, Heo J, Sung Y, Jain PK. One‐Dimensional Cuprous Selenide Nanostructures with Switchable Plasmonic and Super‐ionic Phase Attributes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki‐Hyun Cho
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Yun‐Mo Sung
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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38
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Hurt CJ, Freels JD, Jain PK, Ivan Maldonado G. Thermomechanical Safety Analyses for a 238Pu Production Target at the HFIR. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Safety analyses at the high flux isotope reactor (HFIR) are required to qualify irradiation of production targets containing neptunium dioxide/aluminum cermet (NpO2/Al) pellets for the production of plutonium-238 (238Pu). High heat generation rates (HGRs) due to a fertile starting material (237Np), low melting temperatures, and previously unstudied material irradiation behavior (i.e., swelling/densification, fission gas release) require a sophisticated set of steady-state thermal simulations in order to ensure sufficient safety margins. Experience gained from previous models for preliminary target designs is incorporated into a more comprehensive production target model designed to qualify a target for three cycles of irradiation and illuminate potential in-reactor behavior of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Hurt
- Research Reactors Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6399 e-mail:
| | - James D. Freels
- Research Reactors Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6399
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - G. Ivan Maldonado
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2300
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39
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Hurt CJ, Freels JD, Jain PK, Ivan Maldonado G. Thermo-Mechanical Safety Analyses of Preliminary Design Experiments for 238Pu Production. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4041269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Safety analyses at the high flux isotope reactor (HFIR) are required to qualify experiment targets for the production of plutonium-238 (238Pu) from neptunium dioxide/aluminum cermet (NpO2/Al) pellets. High heat generation rates (HGRs) due to fissile material and low melting temperatures require a sophisticated set of steady-state thermal simulations in order to ensure sufficient safety margins. These simulations are achieved in a fully coupled thermo-mechanical analysis using comsolmultiphysics for four different preliminary target designs using an evolving set of pre- and postirradiation data inputs, and subsequently evolving solution scopes, from the unique pellet and target designs. A new comprehensive presentation of these preliminary analyses is given and revisited analyses of the first prototypical target designs are presented to reveal the effectiveness of evolving methods and input data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Hurt
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Research Reactors Division, P. O. Box 2008 MS6392, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6392 e-mail:
| | - James D. Freels
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Research Reactors Division, P. O. Box 2008 MS6392, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6392 e-mail:
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division, P. O. Box 2008 MS6167, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6167 e-mail:
| | - G. Ivan Maldonado
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, 429 Engineering and Sciences Annex, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-2300 e-mail:
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40
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Kumari G, Zhang X, Devasia D, Heo J, Jain PK. Watching Visible Light-Driven CO 2 Reduction on a Plasmonic Nanoparticle Catalyst. ACS Nano 2018; 12:8330-8340. [PMID: 30089207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) by visible light has the potential to mimic plant photosynthesis and facilitate the renewable production of storable fuels. Accomplishing desirable efficiency and selectivity in artificial photosynthesis requires an understanding of light-driven pathways on photocatalyst surfaces. Here, we probe with single-nanoparticle spatial resolution the dynamics of a plasmonic silver (Ag) photocatalyst under conditions of visible light-driven CO2 reduction. In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy captures discrete adsorbates and products formed dynamically on single photocatalytic nanoparticles, most prominent among which is a surface-adsorbed hydrocarboxyl (HOCO*) intermediate critical to further reduction of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) and formic acid (HCOOH). Density functional theory simulations of the captured adsorbates reveal the mechanism by which plasmonic excitation activates physisorbed CO2 leading to the formation of HOCO*, indicating close interplay between photoexcited states and adsorbate/metal interactions.
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41
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Zhang X, Kumari G, Heo J, Jain PK. In situ formation of catalytically active graphene in ethylene photo-epoxidation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3056. [PMID: 30076295 PMCID: PMC6076287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene epoxidation is used to produce 2 × 107 ton per year of ethylene oxide, a major feedstock for commodity chemicals and plastics. While high pressures and temperatures are required for the reaction, plasmonic photoexcitation of the Ag catalyst enables epoxidation at near-ambient conditions. Here, we use surface-enhanced Raman scattering to monitor the plasmon excitation-assisted reaction on individual sites of a Ag nanoparticle catalyst. We uncover an unconventional mechanism, wherein the primary step is the photosynthesis of graphene on the Ag surface. Epoxidation of ethylene is then promoted by this photogenerated graphene. Density functional theory simulations point to edge defects on the graphene as the sites for epoxidation. Guided by this insight, we synthesize a composite graphene/Ag/α-Al2O3 catalyst, which accomplishes ethylene photo-epoxidation under ambient conditions at which the conventional Ag/α-Al2O3 catalyst shows negligible activity. Our finding of in situ photogeneration of catalytically active graphene may apply to other photocatalytic hydrocarbon transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gayatri Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Nayak A, Jain PK, Kankar PK, Jain N. Computer-aided design-based guided endodontic: A novel approach for root canal access cavity preparation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018; 232:787-795. [PMID: 30014778 DOI: 10.1177/0954411918788104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In cases of teeth with unusual morphology like calcified pulp canal, guided endodontic treatment is suggested. An endodontic guide which navigates burs according to a preplanned path is used. Existing approaches of endodontic guide design are based on visual observation and analysis of tomographic scan of teeth. Hence, they are time-consuming and expert-dependent. Computer-aided design-based methodology was employed to design and fabricate a customized endodontic guide. A cone beam computed tomographic scan with MIMICS software was used to create a solid model of the teeth. The solid model generated was sliced through the developed program in MATLAB. The geometric centers of consecutive slices were joined to plot the root canals central axis. To gauge the optimum bur angulation for guide design, a straight line fitted in the data set of the geometric center helped create minimally invasive access. Methodology involved simulated verification of the drill path to judge the accuracy and feasibility of root canal access cavity preparation. Next, endodontic guides for extracted teeth were designed and fabricated using a three-dimensional printer, followed by guided root canal access cavity preparation for extracted teeth. To validate the proposed methodology, using a MATLAB image processing tool box, the deviation between the prepared root canal access cavity axis and root canal axis was analyzed in radiographs of post-treated teeth. The deviation between the tool path axis and root canal axis in simulated root canals was found to be not more than 0.210 ± 0.04 mm. The deviation between the axis of the planned root canal access cavity and the prepared root canal access cavity was 0.07 ± 0.02 mm. The proposed method reveals encouraging results for endodontic guide design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Nayak
- 1 CAD/CAM Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India
| | - Prashant K Jain
- 1 CAD/CAM Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India
| | - P K Kankar
- 1 CAD/CAM Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India
| | - Niharika Jain
- 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, India
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Abstract
Conversion of solar energy into liquid fuel often relies on multielectron redox processes that include highly reactive intermediates, with back reaction routes that hinder the overall efficiency of the process. Here, we reveal that these undesirable reaction pathways can be minimized, rendering the photocatalytic reactions more efficient, when charge carriers are harvested from a multiexcitonic state of a semiconductor photocatalyst. A plasmonic antenna, comprising Au nanoprisms, was employed to accomplish feasible levels of multiple carrier excitations in semiconductor nanocrystal-based photocatalytic systems (CdSe@CdS core-shell quantum dots and CdSe@CdS seeded nanorods). The antenna's near-field amplifies the otherwise inherently weak biexciton generation in the semiconductor. The two-electron photoreduction of Pt and Pd metal precursors served as model reactions. In the presence of the plasmonic antenna, these photocatalyzed two-electron reactions exhibited enhanced yields and kinetics. This work uniquely relies on a nonlinear enhancement that has potential for large amplification of photocatalytic activity in the presence of a plasmonic near-field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdoz Shaik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Imanuel Peer
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- Progna Banerjee
- Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 Matthews Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Nguyen HA, Banerjee P, Nguyen D, Lyding JW, Gruebele M, Jain PK. STM Imaging of Localized Surface Plasmons on Individual Gold Nanoislands. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1970-1976. [PMID: 29609463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An optically modulated scanning tunneling microscopy technique developed for measurement of single-molecule optical absorption is used here to image the light absorption by individual Au nanoislands and Au nanostructures. The technique is shown to spatially map, with nanometer resolution, localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excited within the nanoislands. Electrodynamic simulations demonstrate the correspondence of the measured images to plasmonic near-field intensity maps. The optical STM imaging technique captures the wavelength, polarization, and geometry dependence of the LSP resonances and their corresponding near-fields. Thus, we introduce a tool for real-space, nanometer-scale visualization of optical energy absorption, transport, and dissipation in complex plasmonic nanostructures.
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Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis in nature occurs via water splitting catalyzed by the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II. To split water, the OEC cycles through a sequence of oxidation states (S i, i = 0-4), the structural mechanism of which is not fully understood under physiological conditions. We monitored the OEC in visible-light-driven water-splitting action by using in situ, aqueous-environment surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In the unexplored low-frequency region of SERS, we found dynamic vibrational signatures of water binding and splitting. Specific snapshots in the dynamic SERS correspond to intermediate states in the catalytic cycle, as determined by density functional theory and isotopologue comparisons. We assign the previously ambiguous protonation configuration of the S0-S3 states and propose a structural mechanism of the OEC's catalytic cycle. The findings address unresolved questions about photosynthetic water splitting and introduce spatially resolved, low-frequency SERS as a chemically sensitive tool for interrogating homogeneous catalysis in operando.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Materials Research Lab , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Yu S, Wilson AJ, Heo J, Jain PK. Plasmonic Control of Multi-Electron Transfer and C-C Coupling in Visible-Light-Driven CO 2 Reduction on Au Nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2018; 18:2189-2194. [PMID: 29405717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis relies on the availability of synthetic photocatalysts that can drive CO2 reduction in the presence of water and light. From the standpoint of solar fuel production, it is desirable that these photocatalysts perform under visible light and produce energy-rich hydrocarbons from CO2 reduction. However, the multistep nature of CO2-to-hydrocarbon conversion poses a significant kinetic bottleneck when compared to CO production and H2 evolution. Here, we show that plasmonic Au nanoparticle photocatalysts can harvest visible light for multielectron, multiproton reduction of CO2 to yield C1 (methane) and C2 (ethane) hydrocarbons. The light-excitation attributes influence the C2 and C1 selectivity. The observed trends in activity and selectivity follow Poisson statistics of electron harvesting. Higher photon energies and flux favor simultaneous harvesting of more than one electron from the photocharged Au nanoparticle catalyst, inducing the C-C coupling required for C2 production. These findings elucidate the nature of plasmonic photocatalysis, which involves strong light-matter coupling, and set the stage for the controlled chemical bond formation by light excitation.
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Abstract
Superionic (SI) phases have utility as solid electrolytes for next generation battery technology, but these phases are typically not stable at room temperature. Our density functional theory calculations demonstrate that compressive lattice strain can stabilize SI phases of Cu2Se and Li2Se, two potential solid electrolytes. Electronic and bonding insights into this effect are obtained. In the ordered, non-SI phase, cations are localized primarily in tetrahedral (T) interstices with little access to the higher-energy octahedral (O) sites, but 1-2% compressive strain promotes attractive stabilization of the O cations with 6-fold coordination to Se anions, at the expense of the stability of 4-fold-coordinated T cations. In such compressed lattices, cations can access both T and O sites, resulting in a cation-disordered, SI phase. Thus, lattice strain is demonstrated as a handle for controlling ionic structure and transport and accomplishing ambient temperature superionicity.
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Abstract
Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation of alkanethiols on nanoparticle surfaces is an extensively studied surface reaction. But the nanoscale aspects of the rich microscopic kinetics of this reaction may remain hidden due to ensemble-averaging in colloidal samples, which is why we investigated in real-time how alkanethiol SAMs form on a single Ag nanoparticle. From single-nanoparticle trajectories obtained using in situ optical spectroscopy, the kinetics of SAM formation appears to be limited by the growth of the layer across the nanoparticle surface. A significant spread in the growth kinetics is seen between nanoparticles. The single-nanoparticle rate distributions suggest two distinct modes for SAM growth: spillover of adsorbed thiols from the initial binding sites on the nanoparticle and direct adsorption of thiol from solution. At low concentrations, wherein direct adsorption from solution is not prevalent and growth takes place primarily by adsorbate migration, the SAM formation rate was less variable from one nanoparticle to another. On the other hand, at higher thiol concentrations, when both modes of growth were operative, the population of nanoparticles with inherent variations in surface conditions and/or morphology exhibited a heterogeneous distribution of rates. These new insights into the complex dynamics of SAM formation may inform synthetic strategies for ligand passivation and functionalization of nanoparticles and models of reactive adsorption and catalysis on nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy G Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, USA. and Materials Research Lab, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Kumar N, Jain PK, Tandon P, Mohan Pandey P. Experimental investigations on suitability of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) in additive manufacturing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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