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Yadav S, Yadava YK, Meena S, Kalwan G, Bharadwaj C, Paul V, Kansal R, Gaikwad K, Jain PK. Novel insights into drought-induced regulation of ribosomal genes through DNA methylation in chickpea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131380. [PMID: 38580022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Modifications within the epigenome of an organism in response to external environmental conditions allow it to withstand the hostile stress factors. Drought in chickpea is a severely limiting abiotic stress factor which is known to cause huge yield loss. To analyse the methylome of chickpea in response to drought stress conditions and how it affects gene expression, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-seq of two chickpea genotypes which contrast for drought tolerance. It was observed that the mCHH was most variable under drought stress and the drought tolerant (DT) genotype exhibited substantial genome-wide hypomethylation as compared to the drought sensitive (DS) genotype. Specifically, there was substantial difference in gene expression and methylation for the ribosomal genes for the tolerant and sensitive genotypes. The differential expression of these genes was in complete agreement with earlier reported transcriptomes in chickpea. Many of these genes were hypomethylated (q < 0.01) and downregulated under drought stress (p < 0.01) in the sensitive genotype. The gene RPS6 (ribosomal protein small subunit) was found to be downregulated and hypomethylated in the drought sensitive genotype which could possibly lead to reduced ribosomal biosynthesis. This study provides novel insights into regulation of drought-responsive genes in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Yashwant K Yadava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shashi Meena
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - C Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijay Paul
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rekha Kansal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Yadav S, Meena S, Kalwan G, Jain PK. DNA methylation: an emerging paradigm of gene regulation under drought stress in plants. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:311. [PMID: 38372841 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Drought is an enormous threat to global crop production. In order to ensure food security for the burgeoning population, we must develop drought tolerant crop varieties. This necessitates the identification of drought-responsive genes and understanding the mechanisms involved in their regulation. DNA methylation is a widely studied mechanism of epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which is known to play vital role in conferring tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stress factors. The recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, has allowed unprecedented access to genome-wide methylation marks, with single base resolution. The most important roles of DNA methylation have been studied in terms of gene body methylation (gbM), which is associated with regulation of both transcript abundance and its stability. The availability of mutants for the various genes encoding enzymes involved in methylation of DNA has allowed ascertainment of the biological significance of methylation. Even though a vast number of reports have emerged in the recent past, where both genome-wide methylation landscape and locus specific changes in DNA methylation have been studied, a conclusive picture with regards to the biological role of DNA methylation is still lacking. Compounding this, is the lack of sufficient evidence supporting the heritability of these epigenetic changes. Amongst the various epigenetic variations, the DNA methylation changes are observed to be the most stable. This review describes the drought-induced changes in DNA methylation identified across different plant species. We also briefly describe the stress memory contributed by these changes. The identification of heritable, drought-induced methylation marks would broaden the scope of crop improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shashi Meena
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Sahana KP, Srivastava A, Khar A, Jain N, Jain PK, Bharti H, Harun M, Mangal M. Anther-derived microspore embryogenesis in pepper hybrids orobelle and Bomby. Bot Stud 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38175359 PMCID: PMC10766580 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional breeding methods have long been employed worldwide for the evaluation and development of pepper cultivars. However, these methods necessitate multiple generations of screening, line development, evaluation, recognition, and crossing to obtain highly homozygous lines. In contrast, in vitro anther-derived microspore culture represents a rapid method to generate homozygous lines within a single generation. In the present study, we have optimized a protocol for microspore embryogenesis from anther cultures of pepper hybrids Orobelle and Bomby. RESULTS We achieved early and successful embryo formation from both genotypes by subjecting the buds to a cold pretreatment at 4 °C for 4 days. Our optimized culture medium, comprised of MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BAP, 0.25% activated charcoal, 2.6 g/L gelrite, 30 g/L sucrose, and 15 mg/L silver nitrate, exhibited the highest efficiency in embryo formation (1.85% and 1.46%) for Orobelle and Bomby, respectively. Furthermore, successful plant regeneration from the anther derived microspore embryos was accomplished using half-strength MS medium fortified with 2% sucrose and 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), solidified with 2.6 g/L gelrite. The ploidy status of the microspore-derived plantlets was analyzed using flow cytometry technique. Notably, the haploid plants exhibited distinct characteristics such as reduced plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and shorter internode length when compared to their diploid counterparts derived from seeds. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential of anther culture and microspore embryogenesis as an advanced method for accelerating pepper breeding programs, enabling the rapid production of superior homozygous lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Sahana
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Srivastava
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Khar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemlata Bharti
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Harun
- Division of Design and Experiments, ICAR-IASRI, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Mangal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Yadava YK, Chaudhary P, Yadav S, Rizvi AH, Kumar T, Srivastava R, Soren KR, Bharadwaj C, Srinivasan R, Singh NK, Jain PK. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:17623. [PMID: 37848483 PMCID: PMC10582051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the genetic basis of drought tolerance is vital for genomics-assisted breeding of drought tolerant crop varieties. Here, we used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a drought tolerant chickpea variety, Pusa 362 and a drought sensitive variety, SBD 377. The GBS identified a total of 35,502 SNPs and subsequent filtering of these resulted in 3237 high-quality SNPs included in the eight linkage groups. Fifty-one percent of these SNPs were located in the genic regions distributed throughout the genome. The high density linkage map has total map length of 1069 cm with an average marker interval of 0.33 cm. The linkage map was used to identify 9 robust and consistent QTLs for four drought related traits viz. membrane stability index, relative water content, seed weight and yield under drought, with percent variance explained within the range of 6.29%-90.68% and LOD scores of 2.64 to 6.38, which were located on five of the eight linkage groups. A genomic region on LG 7 harbors quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining > 90% phenotypic variance for membrane stability index, and > 10% PVE for yield. This study also provides the first report of major QTLs for physiological traits such as membrane stability index and relative water content for drought stress in chickpea. A total of 369 putative candidate genes were identified in the 6.6 Mb genomic region spanning these QTLs. In-silico expression profiling based on the available transcriptome data revealed that 326 of these genes were differentially expressed under drought stress. KEGG analysis resulted in reduction of candidate genes from 369 to 99, revealing enrichment in various signaling pathways. Haplotype analysis confirmed 5 QTLs among the initially identified 9 QTLs. Two QTLs, qRWC1.1 and qYLD7.1, were chosen based on high SNP density. Candidate gene-based analysis revealed distinct haplotypes in qYLD7.1 associated with significant phenotypic differences, potentially linked to pathways for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These identified candidate genes bolster defenses through flavonoids and phenylalanine-derived compounds, aiding UV protection, pathogen resistance, and plant structure.The study provides novel genomic regions and candidate genes which can be utilized in genomics-assisted breeding of superior drought tolerant chickpea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant K Yadava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pooja Chaudhary
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Aqeel Hasan Rizvi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tapan Kumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rachna Srivastava
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K R Soren
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - C Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - R Srinivasan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - N K Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Yadav S, Kalwan G, Meena S, Gill SS, Yadava YK, Gaikwad K, Jain PK. Unravelling the due importance of pseudogenes and their resurrection in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2023; 203:108062. [PMID: 37778114 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The complexities of a genome are underpinned to the vast expanses of the intergenic region, which constitutes ∼97-98% of the genome. This region is essentially composed of what is colloquially referred to as the "junk DNA" and is composed of various elements like transposons, repeats, pseudogenes, etc. The latter have long been considered as dead elements merely contributing to transcriptional noise in the genome. Many studies now describe the previously unknown regulatory functions of these genes. Recent advances in the Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have allowed unprecedented access to these regions. With the availability of whole genome sequences of more than 788 different plant species in past 20 years, genome annotation has become feasible like never before. Different bioinformatic pipelines are available for the identification of pseudogenes. However, still little is known about their biological functions. The functional validation of these genes remains challenging and research in this area is still in infancy, particularly in plants. CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing could provide solutions to understand the biological roles of these genes by allowing creation of precise edits within these genes. The possibility of pseudogene reactivation or resurrection as has been demonstrated in a few studies might open new avenues of genetic manipulation to yield a desirable phenotype. This review aims at comprehensively summarizing the progress made with regards to the identification of pseudogenes and understanding their biological functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shashi Meena
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology & Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant K Yadava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Kumar P, Kumar S, Mishra M, Jaiswal K, Bharati PP, Yadav RS, Jain PK, Kumar V, Yadav M. Growth Assessment of Under-Five Children of Employed and Unemployed Mothers of Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48035. [PMID: 38034210 PMCID: PMC10688233 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The under-five age group is crucial because the health profile of this age group will have a huge effect on the future development of the nation. Early infancy is marked by several distinct developmental characteristics. Progress in each domain of childhood development is used to track a child's development. Objectives The objectives of the present study were to assess and compare the growth of under-five children of employed and unemployed mothers in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Material and methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in Etawah district's urban and rural areas between January 2021 and June 2022. A total of 200 mothers with children under the age of five were recruited using the purposive sampling method. To gather pertinent information, a semi-structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Results In the present study on the comparison of the growth of children among employed and unemployed mothers, it shows that 48 children (50.5%) with a weight between 10.5 and 15 kg were of employed mothers, while 52 children weighing less than 10.5kg were of unemployed mothers (p<0.001). Forty-four children (57.1%) with a chest circumference of more than 48 cm were of employed mothers, while 26 children (78.8%) with a chest circumference of less than 45 cm were of unemployed mothers (p = 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicates that statistically significant differences were found in age-appropriate gain in weight and chest circumference, which was higher among the children of employed mothers in comparison to children of unemployed mothers. There was no statistically significant difference in age-appropriate gain in height, head circumference, or mid-upper arm circumference among the children of employed mothers and unemployed mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Sandip Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Mohit Mishra
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Kirti Jaiswal
- Physiology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | | | - R S Yadav
- Botany, Karm Kshetra Post Graduate (K.K. P.G. College, Etawah, IND
| | - P K Jain
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
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Tiadi M, Trivedi V, Kumar S, Jain PK, Yadav SK, Gopalan R, Satapathy DK, Battabyal M. Enhanced Thermoelectric Efficiency in P-Type Mg 3Sb 2: Role of Monovalent Atoms Codoping at Mg sites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:20175-20190. [PMID: 37067866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to natural abundance, low cost, and compatibility with sustainable green technology, Mg3Sb2-based Zintl compounds are comprehensively explored as potential thermoelectric materials for near-room temperature applications. The effective use of these materials in thermoelectric devices requires both p and n-type Mg3Sb2 having comparable thermoelectric efficiency. However, p-type Mg3Sb2 has inferior thermoelectric efficiency efficiency compared to its n-type counterpart due to low electrical conductivity (∼103Sm-1). Here, we show that codoping of monovalent atoms (Li-Ag, and Na-Ag) at the Mg site of Mg3Sb2 produces a synergistic effect and boosts the electrical conductivity, which enhances the thermoelectric properties of p-type Mg3Sb2. While, Ag prefers to occupy the Mg2 site, Li and Na are favorable at the Mg1 site of Mg3Sb2 lattice. Compared to Li-Ag codoping, Na-Ag codoping in Mg3Sb2 is found to be more effective for increasing the charge carrier concentration and significantly augmenting the electrical conductivity. The dominance of the three-phonon scattering mechanism in Li and Li-Ag doped Mg3Sb2 and the four-phonon scattering process for the Na and Na-Ag doped Mg3Sb2 are confirmed. Due to the simultaneous increase in electrical conductivity and decrease in thermal conductivity, the zT value ∼0.8 at 675 K achieved for Mg2.975Na0.02Ag0.005Sb2 is the highest value among p-type Mg3Sb2. Our work shows a constructive approach to enhance the zT of p-type Mg3Sb2 via monovalent atoms codoping at the Mg sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minati Tiadi
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT M Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vikrant Trivedi
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT M Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - P K Jain
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Balapur, Hyderabad 500005, Telangana, India
| | - Satyesh Kumar Yadav
- Center for Atomistic Modeling and Materials Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Gopalan
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT M Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Dillip K Satapathy
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Manjusha Battabyal
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT M Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
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Sachan D, Shukla SK, Bajpai PK, Srivastava DK, Kumar S, Jain PK, Pathak P. Validation of satisfaction questionnaire for services provided in the labour rooms of government health facilities. J Healthc Qual Res 2023; 38:76-83. [PMID: 36163149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Using the assessment of satisfaction of patients of labour room services, the caregiver or policymakers can identify the gaps in the implemented programmes and health policies. This study was aimed to design a valid and reliable satisfaction questionnaire that will help in identifying the aspects of gaps that need improvement. METHODS A facility and community-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the district of western Uttar Pradesh (India) between January 2019 and August 2020. Validation of the structured questionnaire with 34 dichotomous questions categorized under five subscales was performed by evaluating its validity and reliability. A total of 380 beneficiaries were selected from 48 government health facilities. RESULTS The calculated Content validity index was calculated to be 9.5 which was adequate as per the guidelines. The reliability analysis of the questionnaire showed that the internal consistency was high with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.710. The variation in Cronbach's alpha on the elimination of any question from the questionnaire ranged from 0.676 to 0.767. The mean patient satisfaction score in the total surveyed population was 24.39±4.684 (total score=34) and there was a greater variation in the satisfaction score of infrastructure when compared with other subscales. CONCLUSION The findings from this study support the reliability and validity of the patient satisfaction questionnaire as it is capable of evaluating the satisfaction in terms of delivery services provided in labour rooms as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sachan
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - S K Shukla
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India.
| | - P K Bajpai
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - D K Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - P K Jain
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
| | - P Pathak
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, India
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Madhurima VP, Kumari K, Jain PK. A facile single‐step approach to achieve in situ expanded
g‐C
3
N
4
for improved photodegradation performance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Madhurima
- Centre for Carbon Materials International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) Hyderabad India
- Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Warangal India
| | - Kusum Kumari
- Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Warangal India
| | - P. K. Jain
- Centre for Carbon Materials International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) Hyderabad India
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Yadav S, Yadava YK, Kohli D, Meena S, Kalwan G, Bharadwaj C, Gaikwad K, Arora A, Jain PK. Genome-wide identification, in silico characterization and expression analysis of the RNA helicase gene family in chickpea (C. arietinum L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:9778. [PMID: 35697711 PMCID: PMC9192698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA helicases are an important class of enzymes which are known to influence almost every aspect of RNA metabolism. The majority of RNA helicases belong to the SF2 (superfamily 2) superfamily, members of which are further categorized into three separate subfamilies i.e., the DEAD, DEAH and DExD/H-box subfamilies. In chickpea, these RNA helicases have not been characterized until now. A genome-wide analysis across the chickpea genome led to the identification of a total of 150 RNA helicase genes which included 50 DEAD, 33 DEAH and 67 DExD/H-box genes. These were distributed across all the eight chromosomes, with highest number on chromosome 4 (26) and least on chromosome 8 (8). Gene duplication analysis resulted in identification of 15 paralogous gene pairs with Ka/Ks values < 1, indicating towards the genes being under purifying selection during the course of evolution. The promoter regions of the RNA helicase genes were enriched in cis-acting elements like the light and ABA-responsive elements. The drought responsiveness of the genes was analysed by studying the expression profiles of few of these genes, in two different genotypes, the cultivated variety ICC 8261 (kabuli, C. arietinum) and the wild accession ILWC 292 (C. reticulatum), through qRT-PCR. These genotypes were selected based on their drought responsiveness in a field experiment, where it was observed that the percentage (%) reduction in relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI) for the drought stressed plants after withholding water for 24 days, over the control or well-watered plants, was least for both the genotypes. The genes CaDEAD50 and CaDExD/H66 were identified as drought-responsive RNA helicase genes in chickpea. The protein encoded by the CaDExD/H66 gene shares a high degree of homology with one of the CLSY (CLASSY) proteins of A. thaliana. We hypothesize that this gene could possibly be involved in regulation of DNA methylation levels in chickpea by regulating siRNA production, in conjunction with other proteins like the Argonaute, RNA dependent RNA polymerases and Dicer-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Yashwant K Yadava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Deshika Kohli
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shashi Meena
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - C Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Praveen J, Nameer PO, Jha A, Aravind A, Dilip KG, Karuthedathu D, Tom G, Mavelikara H, Mannar H, Palot J, Johnson J, Jishnu R, Rodrigues KM, Mujeeb PM, Namassivayan L, Payyeri N, Nesrudheen PP, Narayanan SP, Prasanth SS, Krishna MCP, Praveen ES, Velayudhan P, Reghuvaran P, Kidoor R, Rathish RL, Roshnath R, Sashikumar C, Meppayur S, Sivakumar AK, Sreedevi AK, Sreekumar B, Sreekumar ER, Sumesh PB, Venugopal R, Venugopal V, Vishnudas CK, Kartha V, Puliyeri V, Quader S, Reddy A, Puthiyeri AR, Riyas KA, Abhijith RS, Surendran A, Sunil AM, Chandran A, Abhirami C, Jayakumar AM, Peter AS, Muhammed NVA, Katakath AF, Ajai P, Raju AK, Akhil PM, Akhil US, Amal US, Menon A, Ansari AI, Aneesh KS, Aneesh S, Hari CA, Anjitha R, Raj PNA, John A, Varma A, Anushreedha SS, Aravind CK, Ramachandran A, Arun B, George A, Gopi AP, Varghese A, Vinod A, Shaji A, Raj VMA, Viswanathan A, Mohammed A, Aswin A, Aswin KS, Ali AA, Balaji PB, Paul MB, Shree JC, Venkatraman C, Charutha K, Jose CT, Jose CP, Singh D, Sanghamithra D, Sikarwar DS, Murukesh D, Divin V, Arief F, Mandal J, Sarlin PJ, Nafar AA, Bachan KHA, Rejitha V, Dev RSV, Rowther BE, Raja F, Iyer G, George G, Gireesan TU, Mohan PKG, Dsouza GP, Govind G, Greeshma P, Prasad PMH, Hariharan TV, Harith A, Harith C, Hemanth B, Mohamed I, David JP, Jain PK, Jameela P, Jayakrishnan G, Jishnu K, Jismi MO, Johnson J, Soniya CJ, Babu JR, Roy J, Nelson J, Krishnan MJ, Bhandary KP, Jamaludheen KM, Ravi K, Thrikkadeeri K, Nair KK, Kiran BS, Kumar KS, Raj DK, Panaganti KK, Moorthy MK, Murthy RK, Krishnanunni MR, Prabhakaran L, Lathika KK, Abraham L, Narayanan GH, Panigrahi M, Manav S, Karingamadathil M, Manoj TR, Thomas M, Manuel PP, Varghese MG, Chandran PM, Sulaiman MM, Madathil MA, Hirash VKM, Ramees KM, Thirunnavaya MS, Niyas APM, Muhasin CT, Kizhakkemadham M, Azeez NA, Nikhil PV, Niranjana C, Mundekad N, Mohan N, Pavithra A, Viswanathan P, Pramod P, Prakash G, Prasath S, Prakash P, Preethi N, Rajeevan R, Rajaguru M, Rajarajan V, Sankaran R, Ratheesh K, Crasta RP, Mohan R, Renju A, Koshy RC, Rai R, Tom R, Chandran S, Sachinkrishna MV, Ali MVSA, Siril S, Bharadwaj DDS, George S, Morris S, Augustine S, Das SK, Morris S, Sandra PR, Sanuraj TK, Sawant S, Morris S, Selvaganesh K, Shahil K, Shahina NN, Valasy S, Siji PK, Joseph S, Sivashankar R, Karim SA, Mohan SK, Pillai SM, Sowmiya MS, Srinila KT, Subin KS, Sujith VG, Sukumaran S, Syamili MS, Menon T, Praveen T, Thilak SA, Antony T, Ullas UR, Sivaji VO, Narayanan V, Sreejith MV, Chandran AV, Sudhakaran V, Vridhi R, Humam WI, Uchummal YJ, Yathumon MA. Kerala Bird Atlas 2015–20: features, outcomes and implications of a citizen-science project. CURR SCI INDIA 2022. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v122/i3/298-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Betzler BR, Ade BJ, Jain PK, Wysocki AJ, Chesser PC, Kirkland WM, Cetiner MS, Bergeron A, Heidet F, Terrani KA. Conceptual Design of the Transformational Challenge Reactor. NUCL SCI ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295639.2021.1996196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Betzler
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - B. J. Ade
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - P. K. Jain
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - A. J. Wysocki
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - P. C. Chesser
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - W. M. Kirkland
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - M. S. Cetiner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - A. Bergeron
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - F. Heidet
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - K. A. Terrani
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
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Kumar A, Tripathi P, Dwivedi S, Jain PK. Analysis Design and Simulation of an Axially partitioned Dielectric loaded Bi frequency MILO. DEFENCE SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.71.16785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a bi-frequency magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) was proposed and designed. The bi-frequency MILO proposed has two axially partitioned slow-wave interaction structures (SWS) and the second SWS is dielectric-loaded to create the frequency shift in the resonant frequency. The conventional MILO device design methodology was followed along with two SWSs separated by a segregation cavity. The dispersion relation of the dielectric-loaded SWS was calculated using an equivalent circuit approach. Furthermore, the cold analysis was carried out to find the energy stored in the different SWSs to validate the device oscillation frequency. The beam wave interaction behaviour and device RF output performance were investigated through 3D PIC (Particle-in-cell) simulation for typical diode voltage of 550 kV, and current 48 kA, respectively. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed MILO generates RF peak power of ~3.5 GW at frequencies 3.62 GHz and 3.72 GHz. The conversion efficiency of the device was ~13.25%.
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Chak P, Chaudhary D, Jain S, Soni PS, Jain PK, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Phytochemical and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. Indian J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Betzler BR, Ade BJ, Wysocki AJ, Greenwood MS, Heineman JJW, Chesser PC, Jain PK, Heidet F, Bergeron A. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING FOR NUCLEAR CORE DESIGN. EPJ Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124701011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced manufacturing has the potential to revitalize US manufacturing, with valuable applications in several industries, including aerospace, automotive, and construction. Some of these applications have clear-cut objectives (e.g., maintain component performance while reducing mass). Applications of advanced manufacturing of nuclear components have aimed at recapturing lost manufacturing capabilities or addressing maintenance of legacy reactor components. Through the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Transformational Challenge Reactor design and analysis thrust, applications of advanced manufacturing, in particular, additive manufacturing, to core design has yielded reactor designs that are free from conventional manufacturing constraints. For applications in core design, the multiphysics nature of the key core metrics (e.g., peak temperature, peak power) in addition to transient safety performance requirements provides a more complex set of objectives that requires more advanced modeling and simulation tools. Additive manufacturing provides high dimensional control and design flexibility to produce complex coolant channel shapes for improved heat transfer properties and low peak material temperatures. Additional mechanisms for improved heat transfer characteristics and temperature-controlled feedback mechanisms have also been explored and incorporated into designs. While some of these enhancements are not directly beneficial for the current operating pressurized water reactor fleet, benefits may be realized in specific reactor applications that have a more constrained design space (e.g., mass, size, material type) or design metrics (e.g., fuel utilization).
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Jain PK, Mahto M. Parametric Study of the Reltron Oscillators. DEFENCE SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.69.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, effect of the input DC electrical parameters, such as, pulse shape, cathode voltage and the postacceleration voltage on the performance of reltron oscillator have been investigated. For this purpose, a typical reltron oscillator has been designed and simulated. The mode of excitation, resonant frequency and electric field patterns in the RF modulation cavity of the reltron structure has been studied through electromagnetic simulation. The RF output performance and effect of DC electric pulse shape is studied through 3D PIC simulation. To get a practical insight of the excitation signal effect on the performance of device operation, various pulse shapes with different rise, hold and fall time have been studied the pulse of hold time 70 ns and rise and fall time of 5 ns gives maximum stable RF power. Device parametric analysis for the different cathode and post-acceleration voltages has also been investigated. With a beam current of 750 A, cathode voltage of 200 kV and post-acceleration voltage of 800 kV, the device provides ~350 MW with ~46% efficiency.
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Asquith JG, Grantham LF, Pobereskin M, Kok KD, Madia WJ, Eschbach EA, Roy RP, Jain PK, Ullrich W, Frisch W, Tzanos CP, Rothe RE, Oh I, Banerjee S, Tamm H, Person LW. Authors. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt78-a32099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Roy RP, Jain PK. An Investigation of Altered Transverse Transport of Axial Momentum in Coolant Flows during Oscillatory Instabilities. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt78-a32103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Roy
- University of Illinois Nuclear Engineering Program, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - P. K. Jain
- University of Illinois Nuclear Engineering Program, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Kretschmer H, Lamirel JC, Jain PK. Report of The 12th International Conference on Webometrics, Informetrics and Scientometrics (WIS) & 17th COLLNET Meeting, December 12–15, 2016, Nancy, France. COLLNET Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09737766.2017.1292665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gupta S, Jain PK, Kumra M, Rehani S, Mathias Y, Gupta R, Mehendiratta M, Chander A. Bacterial Viability within Dental Calculus: An Untrodden, Inquisitive Clinico-Patho- Microbiological Research. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC71-5. [PMID: 27630958 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18783.8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases i.e. gingivitis and periodontitis are one of the most common afflictions faced by human beings. Dental plaque, which is a pool of pathogenic microorganisms, remains to be current mainstay in etiopathogenesis. Dental calculus, which is a mineralized product of this plaque remains ignored and is considered merely as an ash heap of minor significance. However, the intriguing array in disease etiopathogenesis bulldozed researchers to suspect the role of calculus in disease chrysalis but still the viability of bacteria inside calculus and thus its pathogenicity remains an intricacy; the answer to which lies in the Pandora's Box. AIM The present study was undertaken to investigate the viability of bacteria within dental calculus along with their identification. Also, to classify dental calculus on the basis of mineralization and to observe the variation of viable microflora found in dental calculus with the extent of mineralization and disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 samples were obtained, by harvesting two samples of supragingival calculus from each patient having chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. These samples were divided into two groups (Group A and Group B). Samples of Group A were kept non-irradiated and samples of Group B were exposed to UV radiation. The samples were categorized into less, moderately and highly mineralized according to the force required for crushing them. All the crushed calculus samples were then divided into three parts. These were used for dark-field microscopy, gram staining and bacterial cultures. Bacterial identification of the cultures obtained was also carried out by performing various biochemical assays. RESULTS The present study revealed the presence of motile spirochaetes within the samples under dark-field microscope. Gram staining revealed presence of numerous gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli. Bacterial cultures showed growth of variety of aerobic and capnophilic microorganisms. CONCLUSION The present study concludes the presence of viable aerobic and capnophilic bacteria inside dental calculus which may reside within the lacunae and channels in the calculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Head of Department, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Lala Diwan Chand Hospital , Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - P K Jain
- Former Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research , Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Madhumani Kumra
- Consultant Dental Surgeon, Smayate Multispeciality Dental Clinic , Greater Kailash-1, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Rehani
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research , Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Yulia Mathias
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research , Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ramakant Gupta
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research , Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Monica Mehendiratta
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, ITS Dental College , Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Chander
- Head of Department, Department of Microbiology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research , Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Kretschmer H, Jain PK. Report of The 11th International Conference on Webometrics, Informetrics and Scientometrics (WIS) & 16th COLLNET Meeting November 26-28, 2015, New Delhi, India. Collnet Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09737766.2016.1177958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Guest Editorial
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Ramana GV, Kumar PS, Srikanth VVSS, Padya B, Jain PK. Electrochemically Active Polyaniline (PANi) Coated Carbon Nanopipes and PANi Nanofibers Containing Composite. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:1338-1343. [PMID: 26353652 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A composite constituted by carbon nanopipes (CNPs) and polyaniline nanofibers (PANi NFs) is synthesized using in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization. Owing to its electrochemical activity the composite is found to be suitable as a working electrode material in hybrid type supercapacitors. Microstructural and phase analyses of the composite showed that (i) CNP surfaces are coated with PANi and (ii) PANi coated CNPs are distributed among PANi NFs. The composite shows an excellent electrochemical activity and a high specific capacitance of ~224.39 F/g. The electro-chemical activity of the composite is explicated in correlation with crystallinity, intrinsic oxidation state, and doping degree of PANi in the composite. The electro-chemical activity of the composite is also explicated in correlation with BET surface area and ordered meso-porosity pertaining to the composite. Charge/discharge curves indicate that the specific capacitance of the composite is a result of electric double-layer capacitance offered by CNPs and Faradaic pseudo capacitance offered by PANi NFs.
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Abstract
For the first time, cells have been patterned on surfaces through the spatial manipulation of native gene expression. By manipulating the inherent biology of the cell, as opposed to the chemical nature of the surfaces they are attached to, we have created a potentially more flexible way of creating patterns of cells that does not depend on the substrate. This was accomplished by bringing an siRNA that targets the expression of pten under the control of light, by modifying it with photocleavable groups. This pten-targeting siRNA has been previously demonstrated to induce dissociation of cells from surfaces. We modified this siRNA with dimethoxy nitro phenyl ethyl photocleavable groups (DMNPE) to allow the activity of the siRNA, and hence pten knockdown, to be toggled with light. Using this approach we demonstrated light dependent cell dissociation only with a DMNPE modified siRNA that targets pten and not with control siRNAs. In addition we demonstrated the ability to make simple patterns of cells through the application of masks during irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA.
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Rani N, Yadav SS, Jain PK. Impact of corporate governance score on abnormal returns and financial performance of mergers and acquisitions. Decision 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40622-014-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Satheesh V, Jagannadham PTK, Chidambaranathan P, Jain PK, Srinivasan R. NAC transcription factor genes: genome-wide identification, phylogenetic, motif and cis-regulatory element analysis in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7763-73. [PMID: 25108674 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors implicated in development and stress responses. In the present study 88 pigeonpea NAC genes were identified from the recently published draft genome of pigeonpea by using homology based and de novo prediction programmes. These sequences were further subjected to phylogenetic, motif and promoter analyses. In motif analysis, highly conserved motifs were identified in the NAC domain and also in the C-terminal region of the NAC proteins. A phylogenetic reconstruction using pigeonpea, Arabidopsis and soybean NAC genes revealed 33 putative stress-responsive pigeonpea NAC genes. Several stress-responsive cis-elements were identified through in silico analysis of the promoters of these putative stress-responsive genes. This analysis is the first report of NAC gene family in pigeonpea and will be useful for the identification and selection of candidate genes associated with stress tolerance.
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Jain PK, Sharma AK, Agarwal N, Jain PK, Sengar NS, Agarwal N, Siddiqui MZ, Pawal P, Singh AK, Gaba RD. A prospective clinical study of myocarditis in cases of acute ingestion of paraphenylene diamine (hair dye) poisoning in northern India. J Assoc Physicians India 2013; 61:633-644. [PMID: 24772701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is a unheard and unreported dangerous complication of hair dye ingestion which contains paraphenylene diamine. So a prospective study was planned to assess myocardial damage in regard to clinical profile and outcome with different treatment approaches in patients with oral ingestion of Hair dye. METHODS AND RESULTS The material comprised of 1595 cases admitted in Medicine Department of Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh-INDIA, from July 2004 to Jan 2011. Out of 1595 cases 1060 cases were of stone hair dye poisoning and 535 cases were of other branded hair dyes (powdered form containing less amount of Paraphenylene diamine). Diagnosis of myocarditis was made solely on the basis of the clinical signs/symptoms suggestive of myocardial damage, electrocardiography changes, elevated cardiac biomarkers and abnormalities on trans thoracic echocardiography. The cases were thoroughly studied for cardiac complications. Myocarditis was reported in 15% of total cases with mortality rate of 29%. Occurrence of myocarditis was directly related to amount of Hair dye ingested. In patients affected from myocarditis 9% develop life threatening Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. CONCLUSION Hair dye (Paraphenylene di amine) is highly toxic. In cases who consumed more than 10 gram of Paraphenylene diamine, myocarditis is a dangerous complication. Proper management includes continuous cardiac monitoring to prevent sudden cardiac death.
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Maurya S, Singh VVP, Jain PK. Relativistic Magnetron Performance Improvement Through Simultaneous Electric and Magnetic Fields Priming. J Fusion Energ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-013-9617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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O. Ayieko C, J. Musembi R, M. Waita S, O. Aduda B, K. Jain P. Structural and Optical Characterization of Nitrogen-doped TiO 2 Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis on Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) Coated Glass Slides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.ijee.20120203.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Choudhary P, Khanna SM, Jain PK, Bharadwaj C, Kumar J, Lakhera PC, Srinivasan R. Genetic structure and diversity analysis of the primary gene pool of chickpea using SSR markers. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:891-905. [PMID: 22576917 DOI: 10.4238/2012.april.10.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Members of the primary gene pool of the chickpea, including 38 accessions of Cicer arietinum, six of C. reticulatum and four of C. echinospermum grown in India were investigated using 100 SSR markers to analyze their genetic structure, diversity and relationships. We found considerable diversity, with a mean of 4.8 alleles per locus (ranging from 2 to 11); polymorphic information content ranged from 0.040 to 0.803, with a mean of 0.536. Most of the diversity was confined to the wild species, which had higher values of polymorphic information content, gene diversity and heterozygosity than the cultivated species, suggesting a narrow genetic base for cultivated chickpea. An unrooted neighbor-joining tree, principal coordinate analysis and population structure analysis revealed differentiation between the cultivated accessions and the wild species; three cultivated accessions were in an intermediate position, demonstrating introgression within the cultivated group. Better understanding of the structure, diversity and relationships within and among the members of this primary gene pool will contribute to more efficient identification, conservation and utilization of chickpea germplasm for allele mining, association genetics, mapping and cloning gene(s) and applied breeding to widen the genetic base of this cultivated species, for the development of elite lines with superior yield and improved adaptation to diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Choudhary
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
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Pellen MGC, Sabri S, Razack A, Gilani SQ, Jain PK. Safety and efficacy of self-expanding removable metal esophageal stents during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 2012; 25:48-53. [PMID: 21595778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with esophageal cancer may present with dysphagia and weight loss. Resectable lesions require consideration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which improves survival but have side effects, which compound already poor intake. Prevention of malnutrition has historically required interventions such as surgical jejunostomy or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, which carry associated morbidity. With established roles in palliation, self-expanding removable metal stents (SERMS) may provide an alternative intervention in resectable disease. We sought to evaluate outcomes from our unit's introduction of SERMS in dysphagic patients prior to esophagectomy. All dysphagic patients presenting with esophageal cancer and considered for curative surgery between April 2006 and November 2008 were offered preoperative treatment of dysphagia with SERMS during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Baseline and preoperative outcomes assessed included dysphagia score and nutritional markers. Sixteen patients underwent esophageal stenting during neoadjuvant therapy of whom 7/16 (44%) were female with mean age 63 (53-76). In 12/16 (75%), tumors were located in the lower one third of the esophagus. There was a significant fall in mean dysphagia score from 2.5 (range 1-4) to 1.1 (range 0-3) immediately preoperatively. There was no significant change in serum albumin, weight, or body mass index. Stent-related morbidity occurred in 4/16 (25%) patients and stomach migration occurred in 7/16 (43.8%). All were resolved endoscopically and there was no stent-related mortality. Of 10/16 (62.5%) patients ultimately progressing to esophagectomy, 30-day mortality was 6.3%. Anastomotic leak occurred in one patient (10%) and R1 resection rate was 20%. SERMS are a safe and effective intervention in dysphagic patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer. Complications are minor and readily treatable with endoscopy. Objective parameters suggest nutritional status is maintained and symptoms are improved. SERMS do not appear to compromise resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G C Pellen
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Yorkshire, UK.
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Jain PK, Agarwal N, Kumar P, Sengar NS, Agarwal N, Akhtar A. Hair dye poisoning in Bundelkhand region (prospective analysis of hair dye poisoning cases presented in Department of Medicine, MLB Medical College, Jhansi). J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59:415-419. [PMID: 22315744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF STUDY Hair dye (Paraphenylene di-amine, PPD) poisoning has high morbidity and mortality and its incidence has increased dramatically in the past 4 years. A prospective study was planned to assess the clinical profile and outcome with different treatment approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material comprised of 1020 cases admitted in Medicine Department of MLB Medical College, Jhansi, U.P. from July 2004 to March 2009. Out of 1020 cases 697 cases were of stone hair dye poisoning and 323 cases were of other branded hair dyes (powdered form containing less amount of Paraphenylene diamine). Diagnosis was made solely on the basis of the history given by cases/attendant and symptoms of neck swelling, black coloured urine and muscular pain. The cases were thoroughly studied for different complications (renal, hepatic and cardiac etc) and were treated accordingly. RESULTS Out of 1020 cases studied, majority were females in the age group of 15-45 yrs (n=734) while the rest were males. A total of 244 (23.92%) cases expired during treatment. Neck swelling, respiratory distress and whole body muscular pain were most common symptoms at presentation, oliguria, chest pain, palpitation, presyncope/syncope, pain in abdomen, nausea with vomiting and dysphagia were other common symptoms. CONCLUSION Paraphenylene diamine is highly toxic. Cases who consumed up to 10 gm of PPD usually survived if they presented to hospital within 4 hour of dye ingestion. Severe edema of face, neck and floor of mouth, renal failure and myocarditis were poor prognostic factors. No deaths occurred in cases of Branded Hair dye ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Jain
- Department of Medicine, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi - 284128, U.P
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Agarwal N, Sengar NS, Jain PK, Khare R. Nephropathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics with special stress on the role of hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59:145-147. [PMID: 21751621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nephropathy is a common complication in diabetes mellitus (DM), with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to study the incidence of nephropathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics and to study the relationship of development of nephropathy with various risk factors associated with DM, like age, sex, blood pressure, blood sugar, body mass index (BMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS We analysed 300 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics (diagnosed within 6 months), between Jan 2008 to August 2009. Presence of urinary microalbuminuria in two samples in a period of six months was taken as criteria for detecting nephropathy. RESULTS Incidence of nephropathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics was 17.34% (52/300). It increased significantly with increase in age and was 30% in age group >60 years. It also has significant correlation with male sex and blood pressure with incidence of nephropathy being as high as 66.67% at BP> 160/100 mmHg. The incidence also increased with increase in BMI as well as HbA1C. Dyslipidemia also has significant effect. All results were statistically proven. Family history of DM has only little effect. CONCLUSION Incidence of nephropathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics is as high as 17.34%. Hypertension is the most important associated factor contributing to development of nephropathy in these patients. Poor glycemic control (high HbA1C), high BMI, dyslipidemia, age, male sex also play significant role. Family history of DM seems to have little effect.
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Gupta VK, Jain PK, Misra AK, Gaur R, Gaur RK. Comparative molecular analysis of Fusarium solani isolates by RFLP and RAPD. Microbiology (Reading) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261710060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Padya B, Prabhakar KVP, Jain PK. Synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays by injection method in CVD. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:4960-4966. [PMID: 21125835 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The well aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays were synthesized by injecting the acetonitrile-ferrocene solution at regular intervals of time. The carbon nanotube arrays were deposited on quartz substrate which is placed at the centre of the CVD reactor in quartz tube. The injection method in chemical vapor deposition allows-excellent control of the catalyst to carbon ratio which facilitates the better growth of aligned carbon nanotubes. The effect of various reaction parameters such as growth temperature, catalyst concentration, gas flow rate, growth time and substrate surface on growth of carbon nanotubes have been studied. It was observed that the diameter of carbon nanotubes increases with increase in catalyst concentration and temperature of the synthesis. The SEM analysis reveals that the average growth rate of carbon nanotube film synthesis was about 1.1 microm/min when the synthesis time was one hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Padya
- Centre for Carbon Materials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad 500005, India
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Patil G, Deokar A, Jain PK, Thengane RJ, Srinivasan R. Development of a phosphomannose isomerase-based Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Cell Rep 2009; 28:1669-76. [PMID: 19711080 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To develop an alternative genetic transformation system that is not dependent on an antibiotic selection strategy, the phosphomannose isomerase gene (pmi) system was evaluated for producing transgenic plants of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). A shoot morphogenesis protocol based on the thidiazuron (TDZ)-induced shoot morphogenesis system was combined with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the pmi gene and selection of transgenic plants on mannose. Embryo axis explants of chickpea cv. C-235 were grown on a TDZ-supplemented medium for shoot proliferation. Embryo axis explants from which the first and second flush of shoots were removed were transformed using Agrobacterium carrying the pmi gene, and emerging shoots were allowed to regenerate on a zeatin-supplemented medium with an initial selection pressure of 20 g l(-1) mannose. Rooting was induced in the selected shoots on an indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-supplemented medium with a selection pressure of 15 g l(-1) mannose. PCR with marker gene-specific primers and chlorophenol red (CPR) assay of the shoots indicated that shoots had been transformed. RT-PCR and Southern analysis of selected regenerated plants further confirmed integration of the transgene into the chickpea genome. These positive results suggest that the pmi/mannose selection system can be used to produce transgenic plants of chickpea that are free from antibiotic resistance marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunvant Patil
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Singh CM, Jain PK, Nair KS, Kumar P, Dhar N, Nandan D. Assessment of utilization of untied fund provided under the national rural health mission in Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Public Health 2009; 53:137-142. [PMID: 20108876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To seek opinion regarding the procurement and spending of untied fund provided to health centers and Village Health and Sanitation Committees (VHSCs) in selected districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh. METHODS It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted during September-December 2008. The multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted to select the districts, health facilities and VHSCs. The data was collected using semi structured interview schedule, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with ANMs for qualitative information, review of the records of health centers and VHSCs. RESULTS The concept of untied fund was perceived to be a very good one at all levels. Guideline for utilization of untied fund was either not available or if available, was not clear to concerned personnel. The decision of expenditure of untied funds of CHCs and PHCs was taken in the meeting of Rogi Kalyan Samiti (RKS), but members from other sectors such as PRI, education, revenue department etc. usually did not attend the meeting. Most of Medical Officer in charges (MOICs) were not aware regarding availability of untied fund. About 50% of ANMs were not able to expend the money due to non co-operation of Pradhan. In majority of the cases the decision regarding the utilization of untied fund was taken by ANM herself instead of VHSC meeting. CONCLUSION Regular update and orientation to the service providers about the untied fund and its efficient utilization, strict monitoring of utilization of untied fund at each and every level is needed.
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Ismail-Koch H, Marshall L, Jain PK. The Jain Vent Tube: a new grommet. Clin Otolaryngol 2009; 33:636. [PMID: 19126155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abdel-Galil K, Anand R, Jain PK, Markus AF. How we do it: The Jain tonsil ‘A’ frame – A new use in cleft surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 44:548-9. [PMID: 16198462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Abdel-Galil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Longfleet Road, Poole, Dorset BH15 2JB, UK.
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Ramaswami G, Jain PK, Talati VR. Oesophagitis dissecans superficialis complicating repeated rigid oesophagoscopy and dilatation. J Laryngol Otol 2006; 121:92-3. [PMID: 16987429 DOI: 10.1017/s002221510600274x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oesophagitis dissecans superficialis is an extremely rare and benign condition where the mucosal epithelium of the oesophagus sloughs off along the whole length of the oesophagus and is expelled as an oesophageal cast. This condition has been reported in association with various aetiological factors. We report a case of an oesophageal cast in a patient who underwent repeated oesophagoscopy and dilatation for a postcricoid web. We discuss the possible relationship between trauma to the upper oesophagus and the development of oesophagitis dissecans superficialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramaswami
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Royal Hospital, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial translocation (BT) describes the passage of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to normally sterile tissues such as the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and other internal organs. The clinical and pathophysiological significance of BT remains controversial. This report describes results obtained over a 13-year period of study. METHODS MLNs were obtained from 927 patients undergoing laparotomy. Nasogastric aspirates were obtained from 458 (49.4 per cent) of 927 patients for culture; pH was measured in 172 (37.6 per cent) of 458. Preoperative clinical variables were evaluated and factors that influenced BT were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS BT was identified in 130 (14.0 per cent) of 927 patients. Postoperative sepsis was more common in patients with BT (42.3 versus 19.9 per cent; P < 0.001). Independent preoperative variables associated with BT were emergency surgery (P = 0.001) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (P = 0.015). Gastric colonization was confirmed in 248 (54.1 per cent) of 458 patients, and was associated with both BT (P = 0.015) and postoperative sepsis (P = 0.029). A gastric pH of less than 4 was associated with a significant reduction in gastric colonization (53 versus 80 per cent; P < 0.001) and postoperative sepsis (46 versus 70.3 per cent; P = 0.018) but not BT. CONCLUSION BT is associated with postoperative sepsis. Emergency surgery and TPN are independently associated with an increased prevalence of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J MacFie
- Combined Gastroenterology Research Unit, Scarborough Hospital, Woodlands Drive, Scarborough, YO12 6QL, UK.
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Jain PK, Hayden JD, Sedman PC, Royston CMS, O'Boyle CJ. A prospective study of ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy: training economic, and patient benefits. Surg Endosc 2005; 19:1082-5. [PMID: 16021378 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-004-2170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ALC) is safe and cost effective, this approach has yet to gain acceptance in the United Kingdom. We report our 5-year experience of ALC with emphasis on its appropriateness for higher surgical training. METHODS Between July 1997 and July 2002, patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis who met with appropriate criteria underwent ALC. Surgery was performed either by a consultant surgeon or a higher surgical trainee (HST) under direct supervision in our dedicated day surgery unit. Data were recorded prospectively and patients were interviewed postoperatively by an independent researcher. RESULTS There were 269 patients (231 female and 38 male) with a median age of 46 years (range 17-76). Conversion to open cholecystectomy was necessary in three cases (1%). Of the patients, 79% (213) were discharged within 8 hours of surgery; 95% (256) were discharged on the same day. Thirteen patients (5%) required overnight admission as inpatients. An HST performed 166 (62%) of the procedures. There was a statistically significant difference in operating time between consultants (41 min) and trainees (47 min, P = 0.001) but no significant difference in clinical outcome or patient satisfaction. The mean procedural cost to the hospital was 768 pound sterling for ALC compared with 1430 pound sterling for an inpatient operation. Of patients, 87% expressed satisfaction with the day case operation. CONCLUSION Our results for ALC compare favorably with published series. In addition, we have demonstrated that the operation can be performed safely by HST under direct supervision without compromising operating lists or safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Jain
- Division of Upper Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
AIM Conventional dual sugar tests of intestinal permeability assess only the stomach and small intestine. A novel triple sugar method of assessing colonic permeability has recently been described in animals. This utilizes the non-fermented sweetener sucralose, in addition to conventional sugars. It has been postulated that this test enables the simultaneous assessment of small-intestinal and colonic barrier function in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the triple sugar test using healthy volunteers and ileostomists. METHODS Twenty-one healthy volunteers and 18 ileostomists underwent the triple sugar test. After an overnight fast, subjects drank a solution containing lactulose (5 g), rhamnose (1 g) and sucralose (5 g). Urine was collected for 0-5 h and 5-19 h. Urinary sugars were quantified using HPLC, and 5 and 24-h excretion calculated. Nineteen control subjects and 16 ileostomists also underwent a 51Cr-EDTA permeability test. Permeability data were presented as medians (IQR), and differences between groups analysed with Mann-Whitney U-tests. RESULTS Lactulose excretion and the 5-h lactulose/rhamnose (L/R) ratio were similar in controls and ileostomists [L/R ratio 0.024 (0.022-0.034) vs. 0.025 (0.022-0.035), P = 0.955]. Twenty-four hours excretion of sucralose was significantly higher in control subjects compared with ileostomists [1.41% (1.17-1.68) vs. 0.96% (0.64-1.2), P = 0.003]. The same pattern was seen with 51Cr-EDTA [2.73% (2.06-3.76) vs. 2.06% (1.55-2.71), P = 0.037] and with lactulose [0.52% (0.42-0.60) vs. 0.25% (0.16-0.35), P = 0.002]. CONCLUSIONS Both sucralose and 51Cr-EDTA underwent significant colonic absorption. A significant amount of lactulose also appeared to be absorbed in the colon. This unexpected finding requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D G Anderson
- Combined Gastroenterology Research Group, Scarborough Hospital, Scarborough, UK
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Abstract
A 48-year-old woman presented with a hernia through the center of her pubic symphysis 6 months after conservative treatment of an open-book fracture of the pelvis. This was repaired laparoscopically with a prosthetic mesh using a transperitoneal approach. Hernia through the pubic symphysis is a rare complication after traumatic symphysis diastasis, but repair using the laparoscopic approach is feasible and associated with rapid recovery from surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Upper GI and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ, United Kingdom
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Jain PK, Sowdi R, Anderson ADG, MacFie J. Randomized clinical trial investigating the use of drains and fibrin sealant following surgery for breast cancer. Br J Surg 2004; 91:54-60. [PMID: 14716794 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite limited evidence, closed suction drainage is often used to reduce the risk of seroma formation after breast cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drains and fibrin sealant on the incidence of seroma formation. METHODS A total of 116 patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer were randomized to receive suction drainage (group 1; n = 58), or to receive no drain (n = 58). Patients allocated to receive no drain were further randomized to have fibrin sealant applied to the dissected area (group 2; n = 29), or to no intervention (group 3; n = 29). Outcome measures were incidence and volume of postoperative seroma, length of hospital stay and postoperative pain scores. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the incidence of seroma between group 1 (15 of 58) and either group with no drains (ten of 29 in group 2; 12 of 29 in group 3). There was a significant reduction in hospital stay and postoperative pain scores in patients who did not have a drain. Following mastectomy without a drain, the use of fibrin sealant was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence and total volume of seroma (190 versus 395 ml; P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Drains did not prevent seroma formation, and were associated with a longer postoperative stay and higher pain scores after surgery for breast cancer. In patients who had mastectomy the use of fibrin sealant reduced the rate of seroma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Jain
- Department of Surgery, Scarborough General Hospital, Woodland Drive, Scarborough YO12 6QL, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is possible to manipulate the composition of the gastrointestinal microflora by administration of pre- and probiotics. This may help to preserve gut barrier function and reduce the incidence of septic morbidity. AIMS To assess the effects of a combination of pre- and probiotics (synbiotic) on bacterial translocation, gastric colonisation, systemic inflammation, and septic morbidity in elective surgical patients. PATIENTS Patients were enrolled two weeks prior to elective abdominal surgery. Seventy two patients were randomised to the synbiotic group and 65 to the placebo group. Patients were well matched regarding age and sex distribution, diagnoses, and POSSUM scores. METHODS Patients in the synbiotic group received a two week preoperative course of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, together with the prebiotic oligofructose. Patients in the placebo group received placebo capsules and sucrose powder. At surgery, a nasogastric aspirate, mesenteric lymph node, and scrapings of the terminal ileum were harvested for microbiological analysis. Serum was collected preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 7 for measurement of C reactive protein, interleukin 6, and antiendotoxin antibodies. Septic morbidity and mortality were recorded. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the synbiotic and control groups in bacterial translocation (12.1% v 10.7%; p = 0.808, chi(2)), gastric colonisation (41% v 44%; p = 0.719), systemic inflammation, or septic complications (32% v 31%; p = 0.882). CONCLUSIONS In this study, synbiotics had no measurable effect on gut barrier function in elective surgical patients. Further studies investigating the place of pre- and probiotics in clinical practice are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D G Anderson
- Combined Gastroenterology Research Group, Scarborough Hospital, Woodlands Drive, Scarborough YO12 6QL, UK
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Bhasin KK, Singh N, Trehan V, Jain PK, Singh J. An Insight into the Reductive Cleavage of Tellurium-Tellurium Bond in Various 2,2′-Dipyridyl Ditelluride Using Hydrazine Hydrate. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500307812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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