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Diaconu CT, Gheorghiță LM, Diaconu AE, Țuculină MJ, Gliga A, Gaeta C, Grandini S, Marinescu IR, Amărăscu MO, Diaconu OA. Current Endodontic Practices among Romanian Dental Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:283. [PMID: 39329849 PMCID: PMC11431326 DOI: 10.3390/dj12090283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Root canal therapy (RCT) is usually performed in Romania by general dentists (GDPs) because they are more readily available and more reasonably priced than endodontists. Concerns have been raised about the quality of RCTs performed by GDPs, possibly due to insufficient equipment or knowledge; therefore, this study aims to investigate current endodontic practices in Romania. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via a questionnaire distributed to 400 randomly selected Romanian dentists, with 285 fully validated completed responses (71.25% response rate). Respondents were grouped by speciality, and statistical analysis, including cross-tabulation and the χ2 (chi-square) test, was used, with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05 for all tests. Results: Significant differences were found in the use of magnification, rubber dam, sodium hypochlorite concentration, and bioceramics (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in preferences for measuring working length (p = 0.166) or rotary instrument motion (p = 0.289). Approximately 6% of the respondents used laser technology with no significant difference across specialities (p = 0.571). Additionally, 77.9% preferred using sodium hypochlorite, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.006) regarding concentration. Conclusions: Most participants, including GDPs, use modern equipment and techniques during RCT, indicating their awareness and competence in current endodontic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Tiberiu Diaconu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lelia Mihaela Gheorghiță
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Elena Diaconu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Jana Țuculină
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Gliga
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Unit of Endodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Periodontology, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaeta
- Unit of Endodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Periodontology, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Endodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Periodontology, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Iulia Roxana Marinescu
- Department of Rehabilitation Oro-Dental, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Marina Olimpia Amărăscu
- Department of Rehabilitation Oro-Dental, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Andreea Diaconu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Herrera Á, Azabal M, Jimenez-Octavio JR, del Real-Romero JC, López de Armentia S, Asensio-Gil JM, Arias A. Comparative Analysis of Surface Roughness and Plastic Deformation of Reciprocating Instruments after Clinical Use. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3978. [PMID: 39203156 PMCID: PMC11356323 DOI: 10.3390/ma17163978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the surface topography and plastic deformation (PD) of new and used contemporary reciprocating instruments. Twenty-six WaveOne Gold (WOG) and EdgeOne Fire (EO) instruments were photographed under magnification. The instruments were randomly assigned to a control group of new instruments preserved for surface roughness analysis (n = 6 each), or to an experimental group to shape the root canal system of a single molar (n = 20 each), making a total of four groups (WOGnew, EOnew, WOGused, EOused). Used instruments were also photographed after instrumentation. The presence of fractures was registered. Preoperative and postoperative images were randomly ordered for evaluation. Two blinded calibrated examiners evaluated the presence of PD. Inter-observer agreement was calculated with the Kappa coefficient (K = 0.89). 3D profilometry was also used for the surface roughness analysis of six randomly selected instruments from the WOGused and EOused groups. Chi-square and two-way ANOVA tests were used to, respectively, compare PD and changes in surface roughness among the groups. No instruments fractured; however, a significantly greater percentage of EO instruments suffered plastic deformation than WOG instruments (p < 0.001), (OR = 11.09 (CI 95% 2.6-56.3)). The overall surface roughness was higher for most parameters in the EO instruments (p < 0.05). Single uses of EO instruments produced significantly higher chances of PD and increased surface roughness values compared to WOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Herrera
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Magdalena Azabal
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús R. Jimenez-Octavio
- MOBIOS Lab, Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI-School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.J.-O.); (J.C.d.R.-R.); (S.L.d.A.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Juan C. del Real-Romero
- MOBIOS Lab, Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI-School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.J.-O.); (J.C.d.R.-R.); (S.L.d.A.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Sara López de Armentia
- MOBIOS Lab, Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI-School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.J.-O.); (J.C.d.R.-R.); (S.L.d.A.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Juan M. Asensio-Gil
- MOBIOS Lab, Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI-School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.J.-O.); (J.C.d.R.-R.); (S.L.d.A.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Ana Arias
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Srikumar GPV, Gadbail V, Alexander AK, Nishad G, Rahane S, Beautlin JS. An in vitro comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of two rotary and two reciprocating file systems. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:774-779. [PMID: 39262602 PMCID: PMC11385906 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Context Root canal instrumentation is one of the important procedures for successful endodontic therapy. Unexpected fracture of files occurs during root canal instrumentation without any visible signs of deformation compromising the success of root canal treatment. Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of rotary and reciprocating files in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature. Settings and Design The study design was an In vitro study. Subjects and Methods Sixty nickel-titanium files, 30 each of rotary and reciprocating files were selected and divided into four groups (n = 15) of Neoendo Flex, ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Reciproc Blue (RPB) files. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing five samples each based on their use in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature. To simulate root canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature, three artificial canals were designed in a stainless steel metal block. Each file was autoclaved, immersed in 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and coated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each file was tested for CFR using a torque-controlled reduction handpiece by instrumenting in a simulated canal for 10 s until fracture. The cycle of autoclaving, exposure to NaOCl, EDTA, and testing of CFR for 10 s per canal as per groups and subgroups was repeated again and again until the respective file fracture. The time taken to file fracture was recorded using a digital chronometer. The time taken for each file fracture (in minutes) was multiplied by the number of rotations per minute to attain the number of cycles to failure (NCF). Statistical Analysis Used The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Results One-way ANOVA test showed a statistically significant difference between the four groups, P < 0.001. Independent "t"-test between individual subgroups showed a statistically significant difference, as P < 0.05. Conclusions WOG and RPB reciprocating file systems showed superior CFR, more especially in canals with abrupt 90° angle of curvature compared to both rotary file systems tested. Among rotary file systems tested, Neoendo Flex showed greater CFR than ProTaper Next.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P V Srikumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital and Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Gadbail
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital and Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Alexander
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Geeta Nishad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital and Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shripriya Rahane
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajesh Ramdasji Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - J S Beautlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Agrawal PR, Chandak M, Nikhade PP, Patel AS, Bhopatkar JK. Revolutionizing endodontics: Advancements in nickel-titanium instrument surfaces. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:126-133. [PMID: 38463467 PMCID: PMC10923218 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments have become the backbone of endodontics due to their exceptional properties, superelasticity, and shape memory. However, challenges such as unexpected breakage, poor cutting efficiency, and corrosion have prompted researchers to explore innovative surface modifications to enhance their performance. This comprehensive review discusses the latest advancements in NiTi metallurgy and their impact on rotary NiTi file systems. Various surface treatment techniques, including ion implantation, cryogenic treatment (CT), thermal nitridation, electropolishing, and physical or chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated to minimize defects, boost surface hardness, and improve cyclic fatigue resistance. Ion implantation has shown promise by increasing wear resistance and cutting efficiency through nitrogen ion incorporation. Thermal nitridation has successfully formed titanium nitride (TiN) coatings, resulting in improved corrosion resistance and cutting efficiency. CT has demonstrated increased cutting efficiency and overall strength by creating a martensite transformation and finer carbide particles. Electropolishing has yielded mixed results, providing smoother surfaces but varying impacts on fatigue resistance. Physical or chemical vapor deposition has proven effective in forming TiN coatings, enhancing hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, the concept of surface functionalization with silver ions for antibacterial properties has been explored. These advancements present an exciting future for endodontic procedures, offering the potential for enhanced NiTi instruments with improved performance, durability, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Rajesh Agrawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Chandak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradnya Prashant Nikhade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditya Satyawansingh Patel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jay Kailas Bhopatkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Shaik I, Dasari B, Alapati S, Dhavala PC, Tiwari R, Tiwari HD. Effect of Sterilization and Irrigating Solutions on Nanostructure Alteration of Ni-Ti Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S613-S618. [PMID: 38595475 PMCID: PMC11000945 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_891_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sterilization on the nanostructural alteration of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems in endodontics using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods The study was performed on four commercially available rotary Ni-Ti files: group I-Vortex Blue (Dentsply), group II-ProTaper Next (Dentsply), group III-Mtwo (VDW), and group IV-iRaCe (FKG). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4), that is, subgroup A-control (new rotary file), subgroup B-subjected for five cycles of autoclave, subgroup C-immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes, and subgroup D-immersed in 17% EDTA solutions for 5 minutes. All the specimens were evaluated with AFM using roughness average (RA) and root-mean-square (RMS) values for surface roughness. Results Among control groups, Vortex Blue showed the least RA and RMS values; the highest surface roughness was seen with Mtwo files. All the Ni-Ti rotary files showed a statistically significant (P <0.05) increase in surface hardness when subjected to autoclave and treatment with different irrigating solutions. In particular, 17% EDTA caused the highest surface deterioration in all the groups. Conclusion AFM analysis revealed increased surface roughness values recorded for all the rotary files when treated with irrigating solutions and autoclave cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaz Shaik
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Padma C. Dhavala
- Drs. Sudha and Nageswar Rao Sidhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- PhD Scholar, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Heena Dixit Tiwari
- MPH, Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya Karyakram Consultant, District Medical and Health Office, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Effect of hydrochloric acid, sodium hypochlorite, and autoclave sterilization on the force characteristics of orthodontic NiTi-closed coils. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023; 20:8. [PMID: 36820142 PMCID: PMC9937939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study presented a cleaning method for orthodontic NiTi-closed coils and evaluated its effect on the force characteristics of these coils. Materials and Methods In this in vitro study, 160 orthodontic NiTi-closed coils, 160 orthodontic NiTi-closed coils (9 mm) from two brands G and H and DB, randomly assigned into four groups. Group 1: Three times of immersion in the 10% hydrochloric acid (HCI) solution for 1 min followed by the immersion in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min. Group 2: Three times autoclave sterilization. Group 3: Three times of immersion in 10% HCI solution for 1 min, followed by the immersion in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min and autoclave sterilization. Group 4: No immersion and no sterilization. The forces of coils were measured at 25, 23, 21, 19, and 17 mm extension. To measure the force characteristics of coils, an electromechanical universal testing machine was used. For the statistical analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used at 0.05 significance level. Results In G and H coils, no significant differences between the mean forces of different groups were found in any extensions. In DB coils, only in 25 mm extension, there were no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.144). In 17-, 19-, and 21-mm extensions, significant differences (P < 0.001) were found like in 23 mm extension (P = 0.05). In both brands, more extension makes significant more forces statistically (P < 0.01). In all extensions, G and H coils have significant less forces (P < 0.001). Conclusion Immersion in HCl, 10% for 1 min followed by the immersion in NaOCl, 5.25% for 5 min followed by autoclave sterilization, even three times repeating of this process, did not result in significant changes in the force characteristics of A-NiTi-closed coils.
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Özkan S, Büyük SK, Gök F, Benkli YA. Evaluation of reused orthodontic mini-implants on stability: An in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:689-694. [PMID: 35965167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During treatment, some patients may need to change the location of mini-implants (MIs). This study investigated the stability of MIs relocated to another position in the same patient using the periotest and torque device. METHODS Twenty-nine MIs were applied randomly to 1 side of the maxillary region, and torque and periotest values were recorded. The patients were followed-up at 4-week intervals, and periotest measurements were performed at each session. After recording the torque and periotest values in the fourth session, the MIs were removed. After applying the appropriate sterilization procedure, the same MIs were relocated to the contralateral side of the patients' jaw, and distalization was achieved using a similar procedure for the group of as-received MIs. RESULTS Negative correlations were obtained between the torque meter and periotest data for both MI groups. We observed no significant effect of the MI group on periotest measurements (P >0.05). The effect of the MI group on torque values and the interaction effect of the MI group and torque values were not statistically significant (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is possible to achieve similar stability values with as-received and retrieved MIs when appropriate cleaning and sterilization protocols are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Özkan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
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Almohareb RA, Barakat R, Albohairy F. New heat-treated vs electropolished nickel-titanium instruments used in root canal treatment: Influence of autoclave sterilization on surface roughness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265226. [PMID: 35303004 PMCID: PMC8932584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments used to treat root canal infections are affected by autoclave sterilization in various ways. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of autoclave sterilization on two NiTi rotary instruments that undergo different manufacturing treatments: The electro-polished Race and the heat-treated Race Evo, using scanning electron microscope analysis. In this in-vitro study, Race and Race-Evo instruments were subjected to a number of autoclaving cycles (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10). Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained at 3 mm from the tip of the file at 450x and 1000x magnifications. Surface roughness parameters were measured using ImageJ software. The results showed that autoclave sterilization caused a significant decrease in conventional NiTi Race surface roughness. While in Race Evo, surface roughness increased following the first autoclaving cycle. After 10 autoclaving cycles, surface roughness significantly decreased for both Race and Race Evo files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaf A. Almohareb
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Barakat
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Fatimah Albohairy
- Fatima Albohairy, Electron Microscope Research Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Metallurgical Tests in Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010030. [PMID: 35049739 PMCID: PMC8773015 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since there are no reviews of the literature on this theme, the aim of this narrative review is to summarize the metallurgical tests used in endodontics, pointing out their functional use and their pros and cons and giving readers a user-friendly guide to serve as an orientation aid in the plethora of metallurgical tests. With this purpose, a literature search for articles published between January 2001 and December 2021 was conducted, using the electronic database PubMed to collect all published articles regarding the metallurgical tests used in endodontics for the evaluation of NiTi rotary instruments. The search was conducted using the following keywords: “metallurgy”, “differential scanning calorimetry” (DSC), “X-ray diffraction” (XRD), “atomic force microscopy” (AFM), “energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy” (EDS), “focused ion beam analysis” (FIB) and “Auger electron spectroscopy” (AES) combined with the term “endodontics” or “NiTi rotary instruments”. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of the 248 articles found, only 81 were included in the narrative review. According to the results, more than 50% of the selected articles were published in one of the two most relevant journals in endodontics: International Endodontic Journal (22.2%) and Journal of Endodontics (29.6%). The most popular metallurgical test was DSC, with 43 related articles, followed by EDS (33 articles), AFM (22 articles) and XRD (21 articles). Few studies were conducted using other tests such as FIB (2 articles), micro-Raman spectroscopy (4 articles), metallographic analysis (7 articles) and Auger electron spectroscopy (2 articles).
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Abstract
A very extensive literature review presents the possibilities and needs of using, in endodontics, the alloys commonly known as nitinol. Nitinol, as the most modern group of engineering materials used to develop root canals, is equilibrium nickel and titanium alloys in terms of the elements’ atomic concentration, or very similar. The main audience of this paper is engineers, tool designers and manufacturers, PhD students, and students of materials and manufacturing engineering but this article can also certainly be used by dentists. The paper aims to present a full material science characterization of the structure and properties of nitinol alloys and to discuss all structural phenomena that determine the performance properties of these alloys, including those applied to manufacture the endodontic tools. The paper presents the selection of these alloys’ chemical composition and processing conditions and their importance in the endodontic treatment of teeth. The results of laboratory studies on the analysis of changes during the sterilization of endodontic instruments made of nitinol alloys are also included. The summary of all the literature analyses is an SWOT analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and is a forecast of the development strategy of this material in a specific application such as endodontics.
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What Are the Chances of Resilon to Dominate the Market Filling Materials for Endodontics? METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a literature review with additional virtual analyses of the authors’ own experimental research results. Knowledge from various areas was synergistically combined, appropriately for concurrent engineering, presenting several possible methodological approaches used in research, optimizing the selection of engineering materials and the conditions of their application with particular application in endodontics. Particular attention was paid to the theoretical aspects of filling material strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats SWOT analysis. Attention was paid to the original concepts of Sustainable Dentistry Development in conjunction with Dentistry 4.0, which includes endodontics as an important element. The dentists’ actions, among others, in conservative dentistry, along with endodontics, requires close cooperation with engineers and the enginering sciences. Methods of root canal preparation were described, together with selected tools, including those made of nitinol. Principles concerning the process of cleaning and shaping the pulp complex are presented. The importance of obturation methods, including the Thermo-Hydraulic-Condensation THC technique, and the selection of filling materials with the necessary sealants for the success of endodontic treatment are discussed. The experimental studies were carried out in vitro on human teeth removed for medical reasons, except for caries, for which two groups of 16 teeth were separated. After the root canal was prepared, it was filled with studs and pellets of a filling material based on polyester materials, which has gained the common trade name of resilon or, less frequently, RealSeal (SybronEndo) with an epiphany sealant. The teeth for the first group were obturated by cold lateral condensation. In the second case the obturation was performed using the Thermo-Hydraulic-Condensation technique using System B and Obtura III. The experimental leakage testing was done using a scanning electron microscope SEM and a light stereoscopic microscope LSM, as typical research tools used in materialography. The research results, in a confrontation with the data taken from the literature studies, do not indicate the domination of resilon in endodontics.
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Is Gutta-Percha Still the “Gold Standard” among Filling Materials in Endodontic Treatment? Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper is an extensive monographic review of the literature, and also uses the results of the authors’ own experimental research illustrating the noticed developmental tendencies of the filling material based on gutta-percha. The whole body of literature proves the correctness of the research thesis that this material is the best currently that can be used in endodontics. Caries is one of the most common global infectious diseases. Since the dawn of humankind, the consequence of the disease has been the loss of dentition over time through dental extractions. Both tooth caries and tooth loss cause numerous complications and systemic diseases, which have a serious impact on insurance systems and on the well-being, quality, and length of human life. Endodontic treatment, which has been developing since 1836, is an alternative to tooth extraction. Based on an extensive literature review, the methodology of qualifying patients for endodontic treatment was analyzed. The importance of selecting filling material and techniques for the development and obturation of the root canal during endodontic treatment was described. Particular attention was paid to the materials science aspects and the sequence of phase transformations and precipitation processes, as well as the need to ensure the stoichiometric chemical composition of Ni–Ti alloys, and the vacuum metallurgical processes and material processing technologies for the effects of shape memory and superelasticity, which determine the suitability of tools made of this alloy for endodontic purposes. The phenomena accompanying the sterilization of such tools, limiting the relatively small number of times of their use, play an important role. The methods of root canal preparation and obturation methods through cold side condensation and thermoplastic methods, including the most modern of them, the thermo-hydraulic condensation (THC) technique, were analyzed. An important element of the research hypothesis was to prove the assumption that to optimize the technology of development and obturation of root canals, tests of filling effectiveness are identified by the density and size of the gaps between the root canal wall, and the filling methods used and devices appropriate for material research, using mainly microscopy such as light stereoscopic (LSM) and scanning electron (SEM). The most beneficial preparations were obtained by making a longitudinal breakthrough of 48 natural human teeth, extracted for medical reasons, different from caries, with compliance with all ethical principles in this field. The teeth were prepared using various methods and filled with multiple obturation techniques, using a virtual selection of experimental variants. The breakthroughs were made in liquid nitrogen after a one-sided incision with a narrow gap created by a diamond disc using a materialographic cutter. The best effectiveness of the root canal filling was ensured by the technology of preparing the root canals with K3 rotary nitinol tools and filling the teeth with the THC thermoplastic method using the System B and Obtura III devices with studs and pellets of filling material based on gutta-percha after covering the root canal walls with a thin layer of AH Plus sealant. In this way, the research thesis was confirmed.
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Özdemir O, Koçak S, Koçak MM, Sağlam BC. Effects of repeated sterilization cycles on the surface alterations of ProTaper Next, TF Adaptive, HyFlex CM, and 2Shape instruments. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:76-81. [PMID: 34386176 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated sterilization cycles on the surface alterations of various nickel-titanium instruments, including ProTaper Next (PTN), TF Adaptive (TFA), HyFlex CM (HCM), and 2Shape (2S). Methods. Twenty-four new NiTi files of four different alloys were selected. The instruments in each group were divided into two equal groups, as follows: control and sterilization. The first group was chosen as the control without applying any sterilization procedure, while in group 2, five cycles of sterilization procedures were applied. The surface topographies were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The root mean square (RMS) and maximum height (MH) values and three-dimensional images were recorded. The data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests. The statistical significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results. Before the experiment, HCM demonstrated the highest RMS value, and 2S showed the lowest. After the procedures, the RMS and MH values deteriorated on the surface of PTX, TFA, and 2S (P < 0.001). The HCM was not affected by sterilization processes (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The initial irregularity on the surface did not affect the rate of alteration. The HCM files demonstrated superior surface properties after several cycles of sterilization. The PTN, TFA, and 2S presented similar surface responses after five cycles of autoclave sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Özdemir
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey
| | - Sibel Koçak
- Department of endodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Murat Koçak
- Department of endodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey
| | - Baran Can Sağlam
- Department of endodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey
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Zafar MS. Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:273-280. [PMID: 33111285 PMCID: PMC8184277 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments (ProTaper Next [PTN], WaveOne Gold [WOG], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) before and after root canal instrumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each type (PTN, WOG, and PTG), the endodontic instrumentation was performed using extracted mandibular molar teeth's curved mesial root canals (curvature: 20-40 degrees) after determining the working length. Each NiTi file was cleaned, and sterilized following preparation of four root canals and characterized for surface properties before and after endodontic instrumentation using a contact-mode three-dimensional surface profiler. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for SR parameters including average surface roughness value (Sa), root mean square roughness (Sq), and peak to valley height (Sz). RESULTS Preinstrumentation assessment revealed a significant difference for all the three SR variables (p < 0.05) for the cutting blade and the flute area. WOG instruments showed the highest SR values (p = 0.000). The postinstrumentation assessment revealed significant differences in SR values in the blade and the flute between the three groups (p < 0.05), with WOG and PTG exhibiting the highest values in the blade and flute sections, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SR parameters of intact PTN, WOG, and PTG NiTi files vary and that was increased following the endodontic instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Dioguardi M, Laneve E, Di Cosola M, Cazzolla AP, Sovereto D, Aiuto R, Laino L, Leanza T, Alovisi M, Troiano G, Lo Muzio L. The Effects of Sterilization Procedures on the Cutting Efficiency of Endodontic Instruments: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061559. [PMID: 33810097 PMCID: PMC8004799 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sterilization processes guarantee the sterility of dental instruments but can negatively affect instrument features by altering their physical and mechanical properties. The endodontic instrumentation can undergo a series of alterations, ranging from corrosion to variation in the cutting angle and then changes in the torsional properties and torsional fatigue resistance. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aims to investigate alterations to the cutting efficiency of endodontic instruments that are induced by procedures for their disinfection and sterilization. Methodologies adopted for this investigation follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The following were used as search terms on PubMed and Scopus: "endodontic sterilization", "endodontic autoclave", "cyclic fatigue", "torsional", "cutting efficiency", "sterilization", "surface characteristics", and "corrosion". At the end of the selection process, 36 articles were identified, and seven of them are included in this systematic review. The results of a meta-analysis conducted for the use of 10 autoclaving cycles shows a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.80 with a p-value equal to 0.04 with respect to effect on cutting efficiency. The network meta-analysis, through direct and indirect comparison between the different autoclave cycles (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 cycles), revealed that treatment involving 15 autoclave cycles produced the most robust results in terms of having the greatest effects in terms of altered cutting efficiency with a probability of 57.7% and a SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) of 80%. The alterations in the effects on cutting efficiency appear to be triggered after five cycles of sterilization by heat (autoclave). In conclusion, the meta-analysis of the data indicates that the autoclave sterilization protocol must not be repeated more than five times to preserve cutting efficiency. Within the limitations of this review, we can therefore establish that sterilization by autoclaving alone results in steel and NiTi instruments becoming less efficient in cutting after five cycles, as measured by a reduction in cutting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Enrica Laneve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Teresa Leanza
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10127 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
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The Effect of Multiple Autoclave Sterilization on the Cyclic Fatigue of Three Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files: EdgeFile X7, Vortex Blue, and TRUShape. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:8826069. [PMID: 33415159 PMCID: PMC7752274 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8826069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated NiTi rotary endodontic instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three NiTi rotary endodontic instruments (EdgeFile X7, EFX7 0.30/0.4; Vortex Blue, VB 0.30/0.4; and TRUShape, TS 0.30/0.6) were selected. Each group (n = 24 each) was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 12 each): sterilized instruments and nonsterilized instruments. The sterilized instruments were subjected to 10 cycles of autoclave sterilization. Twelve instruments from each different subgroups were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each group, and data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program (P < 0.05). RESULTS Sterilized and nonsterilized EFX7 files showed the highest NCF compared with other file subgroups. Comparing the results between sterilized and nonsterilized instruments for each type of files, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) only between sterilized and nonsterilized EFX7 files (1198 versus 755 NCF). The other instruments did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) in the mean NCF as a result of sterilization cycles (VB, 606 versus 568 NCF; TS, 487 versus 442 NCF). CONCLUSION Repeated cycles of autoclave sterilization increased the NCF of the new heat-treated files, with EFX7 showing statistically significant superior results compared with other files tested.
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Han-Hsing Lin J, Karabucak B, Lee SM. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on conventional and heat-treated nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments - An in vitro study. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:738-743. [PMID: 33854727 PMCID: PMC8025147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a highly alkaline solution which exhibits antimicrobial properties. However, it causes corrosion to endodontic rotary files. This study investigated the effect of NaOCl on the metal surface of five different unused endodontic rotary files in vitro. Materials and methods Two non-heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) files, ProTaper, BioRace, and three heat-treated NiTi files, VortexBlue, TRUShape, and EdgeFile X7 files, were immersed in 4% NaOCl for 5, 10, and 20 min, and 1, 6 and 24 h. The corrosion susceptibility was evaluated by visual inspection and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results In the TRUShape group, the black particulate matter was mostly formed at the file's curvature and shaft. A large amount of precipitate accumulated in the EdgeFile group. The extent and prevalence of surface defects were found to be consistently higher in EdgeFile X7 instruments than in any other instruments. EdgeFile X7 and TRUShape files exhibited a greater corrosive tendency to NaOCl than BioRace, ProTaper, and VortexBlue not only under visual inspection, but also under SEM analysis after prolonged immersion (1, 6, 24 h) in 4% NaOCl. However, shorter immersion periods (5, 10, 20 min) showed little surface corrosion across all experimental groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, EdgeFile X7 and TRUShape files exhibit greater corrosive tendencies to NaOCl in vitro than BioRace, ProTaper, and VortexBlue files after prolonged immersion in 4% NaOCl. However, shorter immersion periods, which more closely approximate clinical conditions during single root canal therapy, may not show surface corrosion across all experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Han-Hsing Lin
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Elite Dental Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bekir Karabucak
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Su-Min Lee
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA. Fax: +1 215 573 2148.
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Management of Instrument Sterilization Workflow in Endodontics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:5824369. [PMID: 32148504 PMCID: PMC7035513 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5824369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic treatment consists of different working procedures, such as the isolation of the operating field, pulp chamber access, and cleaning and shaping phases with at last the need of a three-dimensional filling of the canals. Each step requires a series of single-use or sterilizable instruments. We have performed a systematic review of different sterilization and disinfection procedures aiming at drawing up a disinfection and sterilization procedure to be used on endodontic instruments. A search on PubMed and Scopus was carried out using the following keywords: “endodontic sterilization,” “endodontic autoclave,” “decontamination dental bur,” “sterilization dental burs,” and “gutta-percha points sterilization.” Eligible articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the most effective method in sterilization is autoclaving. The qualitative analysis showed that the use of single-use or first-use instruments requires presterilization or sterilization procedures, and for reusable tools, attention must be paid to the removal of debris deposited on the blades, not easy to remove manually.
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Barbosa IB, Ferreira FG, Scelza P, Adeodato C, Caldas IP, Gonçalves FP, Masterson D, Zaccaro Scelza M. Structural Analysis of NiTi Endodontic Instruments: A Systematic Review. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2020; 15:124-139. [PMID: 36703804 PMCID: PMC9709855 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v15i3.28083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Irregularities and defects on NiTi endodontic instruments originating from the manufacturing process can lead to the structural collapse and fracture of these instruments during treatment. To assess the cause of instrument wear and fracture, as well as increasing fracture incidence, destructive and non-destructive methods have been used for the analysis of surfaces and internal structures of new and used NiTi instruments. The aim of this systematic review was to undertake a detailed analysis of the methods used to evaluate the surface and internal microstructure of endodontic instruments. Methods and Materials The scientific literature was comprehensively and systematically searched in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and LILACS/BBO databases for studies published up to June 9, 2019. The eligibility criteria was based on the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) strategy with the question "What is the best method for structural analysis of endodontic files?" Two aspects were considered for inclusion in this study: (i) endodontic instruments and (ii) methods for structural analysis of NiTi instruments. . The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Results Based on the inclusion criteria, 94 articles were selected. The results showed that although specific methods have been used for qualitative and/or quantitative structural analysis of NiTi instruments, no study addressed both the surface and internal structure of the instruments at the same time. According to this review, the need to compare the methodologies used in the selected articles has been identified; however, each type of method used has its own limitation on the analysis of both the surface and the internal structure of the instruments. Conclusions The comparison between the different types of methodologies used in the studies revealed the reliability and the limitations of the methods employed for structural analysis of endodontic instruments; thus assisting us in determining their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bastos Barbosa
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guerra Ferreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pantaleo Scelza
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Adeodato
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isleine Portal Caldas
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Masterson
- Central Library of the Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miriam Zaccaro Scelza
- Department of Endodontics and Geriatric Dentistry, Experimental Laboratory of Cell Culture (LECCel), Faculty of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil,Corresponding author: Miriam F. Zaccaro Scelza, Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 30 Mario Santos Braga St., Centro, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Postal Code: 24020-140. Tel: + 55-21 999840270, E-mail:
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Kim W, Oh S, Ryu GJ, Kim TH, Kim SJ, Kim DH, Lee BN, Kum KY, Chang SW, Jang JH. Effect of autoclave sterilization on cyclic fatigue and torsional fracture resistance of NiTi rotary instruments. Odontology 2019; 108:194-201. [PMID: 31512103 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue and torsional fracture resistance of ProTaper Universal (PTU), K3XF, HyFlex EDM (EDM), and TF adaptive (TFA). Sixty instruments from each file type were divided into two categories for cyclic fatigue group (CGr) and torsional fracture group (TGr). CGr and TGr were divided into three subgroups, respectively, consisting of ten instruments from each file type. Cyclic fatigue fracture test was performed using artificial canal made of stainless steel, and the mean number of cycles to failure (NCF) were determined. CGr1, the files were tested to establish baseline for NCF; CGr2, the files were tested cyclic fatigue after 10 cycles of autoclave; CGr3, instruments were autoclaved after being cycled to 25, 50, and 75% of corresponding NCF determined in CGr1, followed by cyclic fatigue test. The torsional fracture test was performed without autoclave (TGr1), after 3-cycle autoclave (TGr2), and 7-cycle autoclave (TGr3), respectively, which evaluated maximum torque and angular deflection. NCF, maximum torque and angular deflection were compared using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni test. Two-way ANOVA was performed to determine the interaction between 'autoclave treatment' and 'type of NiTi file'. EDM showed highest NCF within the same autoclave treatment. TFA presented the lowest maximum torque and the highest angular deflection, and PTU presented the lowest angular deflection. Within the same NiTi file systems, most of NCF, maximum torque and angular deflection of tested files were not significantly influenced by autoclave condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soram Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Joo Ryu
- GoodWill Dental Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Seoul National University Dental Hospital for Persons with Special Needs, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Cares, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Woo Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Surface nanoscale profile of WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, and Reciproc blue, before and after root canal preparation. Odontology 2019; 107:500-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu ML, Panduranga MK, Carman GP. Proliferation of human aortic endothelial cells on Nitinol thin films with varying hole sizes. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:25. [PMID: 29484503 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the effect of micron size holes on proliferation and growth of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Square shaped micron size holes (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 μm) separated by 10 μm wide struts are fabricated on 5 μm thick sputter deposited Nitinol films. HAECs are seeded onto these micropatterned films and analyzed after 30 days with fluorescence microscopy. Captured images are used to quantify the nucleus packing density, size, and aspect ratio. The films with holes ranging from 10 to 20 μm produce the highest cell packing densities with cell nucleus contained within the hole. This produces a geometrically regular grid like cellular distribution pattern. The cell nucleus aspect ratio on the 10-20 μm holes is more circular in shape when compared to aspect ratio on the continuous film or larger size holes. Finally, the 25 μm size holes prevented the formation of a continuous cell monolayer, suggesting the critical length that cells cannot bridge is between 20 to 25 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lun Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Mohanchandra K Panduranga
- Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregory P Carman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Yılmaz K, Uslu G, Özyürek T. Effect of multiple autoclave cycles on the surface roughness of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM files: an atomic force microscopy study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2975-2980. [PMID: 29442187 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of autoclave cycles on the surface topography and roughness of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM instruments using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. METHODOLOGY Eight new files of each brand were subdivided into four subgroups (n = 2/each subgroup). One group was allocated as the control group and not subjected to autoclave sterilization. The other three groups were subjected to different numbers (1, 5, and 10) of autoclave sterilization cycles. After the cycle instruments were subjected to AFM analysis. Roughness average (Ra) and the root mean square (RMS) values were chosen to investigate the surface features of endodontic files. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tamhane tests at 5% significant level. RESULTS The lowest Ra and RMS values were observed in the HyFlex EDM files that served as the control and in those subjected to a single cycle of autoclave sterilization (P < 0.05). The highest Ra and RMS values were observed in the HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM files that were subjected to 10 cycles of autoclave sterilization (P < 0.05). The surface roughness values of the HyFlex CM group showed a significant increase after ten autoclave cycles, whereas those of the HyFlex EDM group exhibited a significant change after five autoclave cycles (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although the initial surface roughness values of the HyFlex EDM files were lower than those of the HyFlex CM files, the surface roughness values of the EDM files showed a statistically significant increase after 5 cycles of autoclave sterilization. In contrast, the surface roughness values of the HyFlex CM files did not increase until 10 cycles of autoclave sterilization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Present study indicated that autoclave sterilization negatively affected the surface roughness of the tested NiTi files.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yılmaz
- Çorum Oral and Dental Centre, Çorum, Turkey
| | - G Uslu
- Special Dental Clinic, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - T Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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24
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Comparison of Alterations in the Surface Topographies of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM Nickel-titanium Files after Root Canal Preparation: A Three-dimensional Optical Profilometry Study. J Endod 2018; 44:115-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Cai JJ, Tang XN, Ge JY. Effect of irrigation on surface roughness and fatigue resistance of controlled memory wire nickel-titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2016; 50:718-724. [PMID: 27388432 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-J. Cai
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - X.-N. Tang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - J.-Y. Ge
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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