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Jrady A, Ragab H, Algahtani FN, Osman E. In vitro study on the impact of various polishing systems and coffee staining on the color stability of bleach-shaded resin composite. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:712. [PMID: 38902697 PMCID: PMC11191283 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of different polishing techniques and coffee staining on the color stability of four commercially available bleach-shade composite resins, namely microhybrid, nanohybrid, nanofilled, and injectable nanohybrids. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 224 discs (8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from four different bleach-shade composite resins, namely microhybrid (Gradia Direct Anterior), nanohybrid (Palfique LX5), nanofilled (Filtek Universal), and injectable nanohybrid (flowable G-aenial universal injectable). The composite resin groups were polished via four techniques: no polishing, 4-step polishing using aluminum oxide discs, 3-step polishing using silicon rubber diamond discs, and one-step polishing. Half of each group was immersed in water, while the other half was immersed in coffee for 12 days (n = 7). Colors were measured using a clinical spectrophotometer, and color differences were calculated (ΔE). The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The alterations in color were significantly influenced by the techniques employed for finishing and polishing techniques, composite resin type, and degree of coffee staining. Regardless of the polishing technique and storage medium, different material types showed a significant color change (ΔE) at P < 0.001. Filtek exhibited the most significant color change, followed by Gradia and Palfique, with no significant differences between them. In addition, Different polishing techniques resulted in significant color changes (P < 0.001). The highest degree of color change was seen in the no-polishing group, followed by the 4-step and 1-step polishing groups, with negligible differences between each other. Also, Storage media had a significant effect on ΔE values. CONCLUSION Appropriate finishing and polishing procedures can improve the color stability of bleach-shaded composite resins. Coffee has a deleterious effect on color; however, injectable flowable nanohybrid composites are more resistant to staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jrady
- Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Ragab
- Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahda N Algahtani
- Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Essam Osman
- Dental BioMaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Yang SY, Han AR, Kim D, Kim KM, Kwon JS. Hydrated Calcium Silicate in Resin Composites for Prevention of Secondary Caries. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00145-X. [PMID: 38849287 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The gaps at the margins of restorative composite resin can increase as the carious process occurs underneath the materials, causing further demineralization along the tooth cavity wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of restorative resin composite containing hydrated calcium silicate (hCS) filler on enamel protection against demineralization by simulating microleakage between the test material and teeth in a cariogenic environment. METHODS The experimental resin composites were composed of 70 wt.% filler, which was mixed with a glass filler and hCS in a weight ratio of 70.0% glass (hCS 0), 17.5% hCS + 52.5% glass (hCS 17.5), 35.0% hCS + 35.0% glass (hCS 35.0), and 52.5% hCS + 17.5% glass (hCS 52.5). A light-cured experimental resin composite disk was positioned over a polished bovine enamel disk, separated by a 30-µm gap, and immersed in artificial saliva with pH 4.0 for 15, 30, and 60 days. After the immersion period, the enamel disk was separated from the resin composite disk and evaluated using a microhardness tester, atomic force microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. The opposing sides of the enamel and resin composite disks were observed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. RESULTS The enamel surface showed a significant increase in microhardness, decreased roughness, and remineralization layer as the proportion of hCS increased (P < .05). In the scanning electron microscopy image, the enamel surface with hCS 35.0 and 52.5 after all experimental immersion periods, showed a pattern similar to that of a sound tooth. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that increasing the hCS filler level of restorative resin composites significantly decreased enamel demineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hydrated calcium silicate laced restorative resin composites may be a promising dental biomaterial for protecting teeth against demineralization and preventing secondary caries around restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ruem Han
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Aktaş N, Akın Y, Bal C, Bani M, Bankoğlu Güngör M. Effect of the Different Dietary Supplements on the Average Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Direct Restorative Materials Used in Pediatric Dentistry. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:645. [PMID: 38929225 PMCID: PMC11201381 DOI: 10.3390/children11060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Increased surface roughness and discoloration of the direct restorative materials used in pediatric patients affect the longevity of restorations and impair children's oral health. Many factors can alter these properties. One of these factors is the intake of dietary supplements. It is crucial to predict the properties of restorative materials when exposed to dietary supplements to maintain the dental care of children. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of various syrup-formed dietary supplements on the average surface roughness and color stability of current restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry. Seven different restorative materials (conventional glass ionomer [Fuji IX GP], resin-modified glass ionomer, [Fuji II LC], zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer [Zirconomer Improved], polyacid-modified composite resin [Dyract®XTRA], bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative [Equia Forte HT Fill], conventional resin composite [Charisma Smart], and resin composite with reactive glass fillers [Cention N]) were tested. The specimens prepared from each type of restorative material were divided into five subgroups according to dietary supplements (Sambucol Kids, Resverol, Imunol, Umca, and Microfer). These specimens were immersed daily in supplement solution over a period of 28 days. Surface roughness and color difference measurements were performed at baseline and at the 7th and 28th days. The color difference and Ra values showed that there was an interaction among the type of restorative material, type of dietary supplement, and immersion time factors (p < 0.05). Whereas lower Ra values were found in the composite resin group, the highest Ra values were found in the conventional glass ionomer group. All supplements caused increasing color difference values, and Resverol and Umca showed higher discoloration values above the clinically acceptable threshold. The intake of dietary supplement type, the immersion time of the dietary supplement, and the restorative material type affected the surface roughness and color stability of the tested direct restorative materials. All of the experimental groups showed higher Ra values than clinically acceptable surface roughness values (0.2 µm). The color difference values also increased with the immersion time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagehan Aktaş
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Türkiye; (Y.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Yasemin Akın
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Türkiye; (Y.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Cenkhan Bal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Gülhane Dentistry Faculty, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye;
| | - Mehmet Bani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Türkiye; (Y.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Merve Bankoğlu Güngör
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Türkiye;
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Alharbi G, Al Nahedh HN, Al-Saud LM, Shono N, Maawadh A. Effect of different finishing and polishing systems on surface properties of universal single shade resin-based composites. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:197. [PMID: 38326838 PMCID: PMC10848531 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, universal single-shade resin composites have become increasingly available in the dental market. The modification of their composition can have an inadvertent effect on their physical and surface properties, and subsequently determinantal effect on their clinical function and longevity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different finishing and polishing (F/P) systems on surface roughness (Ra), surface gloss (GU), and Vickers microhardness (VMH) of universal single-shade RBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercial RBCs were used; the universal single-shade RBCs were Omnichroma, Charisma® Diamond ONE, and Vittra APS Unique, and a conventional nanocomposite Filtek™ Z250 XT was used as a control. The 3 F/P systems were Sof-Lex™ XT, Enhance®/PoGo®, and Diacomp® Plus Twist. A total of 160 discs were used for the 3 F/P system groups for all RBCs (n = 10). After F/P, the Ra, GU, and VMH were assessed. The data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS Significant differences were found among the four RBCs and the 3 F/P systems (p < .000). Omnichroma showed the lowest Ra and acceptable GU, but the lowest VMH. Charisma showed the highest Ra, acceptable GU, and VMH. Vittra showed acceptable Ra, GU, and VMH and Filtek showed the highest GU, VMH, and acceptable Ra. CONCLUSION Although conventional nanohybrid RBC (Filtek Z250 XT) showed better GU and VMH values, the universal single-shade RBCs demonstrated comparable surface properties. The highest GU & VMH and lowest Ra were achieved by Diacomp followed by Enhance and Soflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alharbi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Box 84428, Riyadh, PO, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hend Na Al Nahedh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loulwa M Al-Saud
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Shono
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Alarcón-Torres SG, Chávez-Méndez MA. [Surface roughness of two composite resins after immersion in soda drinks: in vitro study]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2024; 12:e185. [PMID: 39015313 PMCID: PMC11247465 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1201-2024-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Compare the surface roughness of two composite resins after immersion in carbonated beverages. Materials and methods 160 resin discs (6 x 2 mm) were divided into 8 groups (n=20 per group) according to type of resin (Filtek™ Z350 XT® and Palfique LX5®) and type of immersion in beverages (distilled water, Coca Cola®, Inca Kola® and Kola Escocesa®. The immersions were carried out under a structured cycle: 4 immersions a day for 5 days, intermediate storage in distilled water and overnight incubation for 8 h at 37°C. The measurements with the roughness meter were evaluated in three times: baseline, 7 and 14 days. The three-way Anova test was used at P<0.05. Results Roughness showed differences only for the individual factors of time (P<0.000) and resin (P=0.000), and for the interaction time*drink (P=0.000) and resin*drink (P=0.003). Roughness was higher with Filtek Z350 XT® immersed with Inca Kola® (0.85 ± 0.37) than 14 days compared to other times (P=0.035) and with Palfique LX5 immersed in Coca Cola® at 7 days (1.61 ± 0.42) and in Inca Kola® at 14 days (1.66 ± 0.56) compared to distilled water (P<0,05). Conclusion Surface roughness was affected by the type of resin, the type of soft drink and the immersion time. The roughness was greater with the Palfique LX5® nanohybrid resin, the Inca Kola® drink and after 14 days of immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Gianella Alarcón-Torres
- Carrera de Estomatologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima Peru. , Universidad Científica del Sur Carrera de Estomatologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Martín Andrés Chávez-Méndez
- Carrera de Estomatologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima Peru. , Universidad Científica del Sur Carrera de Estomatologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
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N N, Sandeep A H, Bhandari S, Solete P, Choudhari S. Comparative Analysis of the Surface Roughness of Class V Composite Restorations Using a Conventional Polishing System and Pre-contoured Cervical Matrices: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45901. [PMID: 37885495 PMCID: PMC10599089 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rough surfaces of restorations have an impact on the accumulation of plaque, unaesthetic contour, and marginal adaptation, thereby affecting their functional, aesthetic, and clinical performance and the long-term stability of the restoration. Several polishing systems are currently in use for composite restorations, but information on their impact on surface roughness is limited. The present study aimed to determine the surface roughness of class V composite restorations polished using pre-contoured cervical matrices and to compare it with a conventional disc polishing system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty maxillary anterior teeth were collected and used in the study. Class V cavity preparation was done, and the cavities were restored with two types of composites (microhybrid and nanohybrid) from commercially available brands (Ivoclar and Dentsply) and finished and polished using two polishing systems (super-snap and pre-contoured cervical matrices). The evaluation of surface roughness was done using an atomic force microscope (AFM). RESULTS The surface roughness parameters (Ra-arithmetic mean/average line roughness and Sa-average surface roughness) of the class V cavities restored using pre-contoured cervical matrices were significantly lower for both the tested resin composites. CONCLUSION The surface roughness of Class V cavities restored using pre-contoured cervical matrix systems was significantly less for both microhybrid and nanohybrid composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha N
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Hima Sandeep A
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sarita Bhandari
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pradeep Solete
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sahil Choudhari
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Fadavi F, Mohammadi-Bassir M, Sarabi N, Rezvani MB, Jafari-Semnani S, Rastegar Moghaddam M, Labbaf H. Effect of Low-Temperature Degradation, Ph-Cycling and Simulated Tooth Brushing on Surface Roughness, Topography, and Polish Retention of Yttrium-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2023; 24:293-304. [PMID: 37727356 PMCID: PMC10506144 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2022.93896.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem Surface roughness of zirconia is an important parameter that determines the success of zirconia restorations. When zirconia surfaces are left rough, higher susceptibility to hydrothermal aging, plaque accumulation and color changes would occur. Therefore, polish retention of these restorations is considered as a challenge. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of hydrothermal degradation, pH- cycling, and simulated tooth brushing on surface roughness, topography, and polish retention of an yttrium-stabilized monolithic zirconia. Materials and Method In this experimental study, 64 specimens of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconium oxide (20×4×2mm) were prepared (ZirKonzahn, Steger, Ahrntal). The specimens were wet- polished (standard polishing), and divided into 8 groups (n=8). Four control groups were assessed in non-aged condition while in 4 experimental groups the artificially ageing was done. Different finishing and polishing procedures were performed in 8 groups. The surface roughness values including mean surface roughness (Ra) and mean height of surface roughness (Rz) was measured by a profilometer. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α=0.05). One representative specimen of each group was inspected under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for assessment of surface topography. Results The effects of surface treatments on Ra (p<.001) and Rz (p<.001) parameters were significant. Ageing had no significant effect on Ra (p=.086) and Rz (p=.067) values. Maximum Ra and Rz parameters were recorded following grinding (p<.001) and minimum values were recorded after glazing, which were significantly lower than the values in grinding group (p<.001). Polishing and glazing diminished the surface roughness (Ra) of ground zirconia similarly (p=.995). Conclusion Aging had no significant effect on surface roughness of zirconia, irrespective of surface treatment type. Grinding yielded maximum surface roughness. Intra oral polishing yielded a surface roughness comparable to standard polishing and glazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Fadavi
- Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nioosha Sarabi
- Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Jafari-Semnani
- Postgraduate, Dept. of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Labbaf
- Dept. of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Saleh Ismail H, Ibrahim Ali A. The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Microbial Adhesion of Bulk Fill Composites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Dent 2023; 20:26. [PMID: 37701651 PMCID: PMC10493115 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v20i26.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of different finishing and polishing (F/P) systems on surface roughness (SR) and microbial adhesion to bulk fill (BF) composites. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of 3 databases (the National Library of Medicine [MEDLINE/PubMed], Scopus, and ScienceDirect) was conducted. Only in vitro studies that evaluated SR and microbial adhesion to BF composites were included. The included studies were individually evaluated for the risk of bias following predetermined criteria. A meta-analysis of the reviewed studies was conducted to compare the SR values of both Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill with and without F/P using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: A total of 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill without F/P or after F/P using multi-step systems. Different F/P systems affected the SR values, on the other hand, did not affect microbial adhesion values. Conclusion: Both Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill had comparable roughness results. Multi-step systems may be preferable for F/P of BF composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Saleh Ismail
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Chakraborty A, Purayil T, Ginjupalli K, Pentapati KC, Shenoy N. Effect of in-office bleaching agent on the surface roughness and microhardness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins. F1000Res 2023; 12:129. [PMID: 37396049 PMCID: PMC10311121 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130071.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To compare the surface roughness and microhardness of Ceram.x® SphereTEC™ one and Filtek Z350 XT after in-office bleaching with Pola office. Methods: Twenty samples each of (10 mm diameter and 2 mm height) Ceram.x® SphereTEC™ one and Filtek Z350 XT were prepared. The samples were subjected to three bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Pola office) with a seven-day interval between each session. Surface roughness and microhardness of the prepared samples prior to and after the bleaching regimen were measured using a profilometer and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. Results: A significant reduction (p <0.001) in the surface hardness of Filtek Z350 XT from 27.67 ± 2.10 to 17.83 ± 1.36 Vickers hardness number (VHN) was observed after the bleaching whereas no significant reduction in surface hardness was observed with Ceram.x® SphereTEC™ one. The adjusted mean (estimated marginal mean) microhardness after bleaching for Ceram.x ® SphereTEC™ one (35.79 ± 1.45) was significantly higher than Filtek Z350 XT (19.54 ± 1.45) (p < 0.001). However, in-office bleaching of these materials did not significantly alter their surface roughness. Conclusions: In office-bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide can reduce the microhardness of nanofilled composite. However, the surface roughness was not influenced by the bleaching procedure in both nanohybrid and nanofilled composite resin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Chakraborty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Tina Purayil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kishore Ginjupalli
- Dental Materials, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kalyana-Chakravarthy Pentapati
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Neetha Shenoy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Khazaal G, Daou M, Mahdi SS, Ahmed Z, Maalouf E, Batteni G, Qasim SSB, Kassis C, Agha D, Haddad H, el Hajj Assaf R, Zogheib CM. In vitro evaluation of the color stability and surface roughness of a new composite flow. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e43-e50. [PMID: 36755675 PMCID: PMC9899357 DOI: 10.4317/jced.60005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability and the surface roughness of a bulk-fill composite flow (SDR® Plus) by comparison to an ORMOCER-based composite (Ceram.x® Universal SphereTEC™) in order to confirm the validity of using SDR® Plus in the anterior region and to allow the prediction of its long-term results. Material and Methods 35 composite specimens of the same shade (A2), thickness (2mm) and shape of both types of composite were prepared. The specimens were cured and polished according to the manufacturer's instructions. The initial shade of the specimens was measured using a calibrated EasyShade spectrophotometer. The initial surface roughness of the specimens was measured by AFM. Afterwards, the specimens were subjected to an accelerated aging procedure through thermo-cycling, a coffee stain challenge and brushing to simulate two years in the oral environment. The shade and surface roughness of the specimens were measured again after the accelerated aging procedure. Results The mean ΔE was significantly larger than 3.368 in Ceram.x® group (-p-value<0.001) and SDR® Plus group (-p-value<0.001). The mean surface roughness has significantly increased for both groups after aging with no significant difference between the two groups. It however remained clinically acceptable. Conclusions SDR® Plus and Ceram.x® showed similar surface roughness when subjected to the same testing conditions. Concerning the color stability, both composites displayed noticeable discoloration, with higher ΔE values registered for Ceram.x®. Key words:Composite resins, spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy, dental material, resin-based material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Khazaal
- Department of Esthetic and Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha Daou
- Director of Postgraduate Program in Research and Dental Materials, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Syed-Sarosh Mahdi
- Dental Section Division of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Centre of Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy,Athena Center for Advanced Research in Healthcare, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Zohaib Ahmed
- Research member-New York Chapter NYHDA, USA. College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Elie Maalouf
- School of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Gopi Batteni
- Centre of Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Syed-Saad B. Qasim
- Department of Bio Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 12037, Kuwait
| | - Cynthia Kassis
- Dental Faculty, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Daniyal Agha
- Dental Section Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi. 74800, Pakistan
| | - Helene Haddad
- Department of Esthetic and Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Carina-Mehanna Zogheib
- Director of Postgraduate Program in Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
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Babina K, Polyakova M, Sokhova I, Doroshina V, Zaytsev A, Nikonova EE, Budylin GS, Shirshin EA, Tantardini C, Novozhilova N. Translucency and Color Stability of a Simplified Shade Nanohybrid Composite after Ultrasonic Scaling and Air-Powder Polishing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4465. [PMID: 36558318 PMCID: PMC9782865 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the influence of professional dental prophylaxis on the translucency and color stability of a novel simplified shade nanohybrid composite material. Sixty composite disks (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) of light (n = 30) and dark (n = 30) shades were prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into the following three groups (n = 10) according to the prophylaxis procedure used: ultrasonic scaling, air-powder polishing with sodium bicarbonate, and controls. The specimens were submitted to translucency and color analysis based on the CIELab system. Two measurements were performed before and after 48-h storage in coffee. Translucency values of untreated light and dark specimens were 9.15 ± 0.38 and 5.28 ± 1.10, respectively. Air-powder polishing decreased the translucency of the light composite specimens. Storage in coffee resulted in color changes (∆E) ranging between 2.69 and 12.05 and a mean translucency decrease ranging between -0.88 and -6.91. The samples in the light group tended to exhibit greater staining; the treatment method had no effect on ∆E. It can be concluded that light-shade composite restorations are more prone to translucency and color changes resulting from air-powder polishing and contact with staining media. However, further research using other composites and powders is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna Sokhova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladlena Doroshina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena E. Nikonova
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb S. Budylin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Tantardini
- Hylleraas Center, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Keskus B, Oznurhan F. Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of three different restorative materials in primary teeth: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:821-828. [PMID: 35864436 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical and mechanical properties of three different (Ketac Molar Easymix, Dyract XP, Cention N (CN)) restoratives with different ingredients were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups were obtained; Group 1: CN LightCure, Group 2: CN SelfCure, Group 3: Ketac Molar Easymix and Group 4: Dyract XP. Disk-shaped samples (n = 10) were prepared and evaluated for the surface roughness test using a profilometer. For the flexure strength test, 2 × 2 × 25 mm bar-shaped samples (n = 10) were prepared, and a three-point bending test was applied to the samples. After preparing cavities for microleakage tests, teeth were restored with restoratives, immersed in dye, and microleakage was assessed. For the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test, ten sticks were obtained for each group and were stressed under tension. RESULTS According to surface roughness tests, CN SelfCure showed the lowest value (0.13 μm), while Ketac Molar Easymix showed the highest value (0.28 μm), and significant differences were found between the groups. In flexural strength tests, the highest values were seen in CN SelfCure (82.94 MPa), with statistically significant differences between the groups. When CN SelfCure was applied with an adhesive, the teeth showed statistically decreased leakage than other groups on the gingival side. Higher leakage values were seen on the gingival side than the occlusal side in most groups, and the SelfCure groups showed decreased leakage than the LightCure groups. According to µTBS tests, the highest value was obtained in CN SelfCure-Adhesive group, while the lowest was in CN LightCure-Non-adhesive group. When µTBS was evaluated regardless of adhesive use, the SelfCure groups showed higher µTBS values than the LightCure groups. As a result of the µTBS and microleakage test, the difference between the use of CN with and without adhesive, regardless of the polymerization type, was found to be significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cention N showed better properties in SelfCure mode, compared to the rest materials tested, but further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to investigate the effect of different polymerization modes and the oral environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Keskus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kampüs-Merkez, Sivas, Turkey
| | - F Oznurhan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kampüs-Merkez, Sivas, Turkey.
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The Effect of Various Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness of Two Resin Composites—An In Vitro Study. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The long-term success of a composite restoration largely depends on its smoothness, which can be achieved by the appropriate polishing tools and material selection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of two composite materials after the application of selected polishing systems. Filtek Ultimate (FU) and Filtek Z250 (FZ) were tested. Forty specimens of each material were prepared. After polymerization under a Mylar strip, the surface roughness of five samples from each group was measured. Subsequently, all specimens were ground by 600 grit sandpaper. The surface roughness of five samples per group was tested again. The samples from each group were randomly assigned to eight subgroups, and polished by Sof-Lex, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System, Super Snap, One Gloss, Astrobrush, Stainbuster, Enamel Shiny, and Jiffy Polishing System. The collected data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The lowest Ra coefficient after polishing is found in the Super Snap groups (FU—0.077 μm, FZ—0.085 μm). The lowest Rlr coefficient is measured in the Enamel Shiny group for FU (1.000), and for Sof-Lex, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System, and Jiffy Polishing Kit for FZ (1.001), and only slightly higher for Super Snap (FU—1.001, FZ—1.002). The roughest-measured surface is in the One Gloss group for FU (Ra—0.657 µm, Rlr—1.009), and Astrobrush group for FZ (Ra—0.525 μm, Rlr—0.011). Additionally, it was not confirmed that the nanoparticle material (FU) demonstrates better results than the microhybrid one (FZ). Different polishing systems produce varying surface roughness. The most effective polishing system is Super Snap. The structure of composites does not significantly affect their surface roughness after polishing.
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Gömleksiz S, Gömleksiz O. The effect of contemporary finishing and polishing systems on the surface roughness of bulk fill resin composite and nanocomposites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:915-923. [PMID: 35076168 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of various finishing and polishing (F/P) systems regarding the surface roughness (Ra ) value of two nanocomposites and a bulk fill resin composite. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three resin composites (Filtek Z550, Filtek Ultimate Body, Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior) were tested. Forty disk-shaped specimens of each material were cured under Mylar strip and then randomly divided into four subgroups according to the F/P method (n = 10): Control, Sof-Lex Spiral Wheels, Astropol, and Clearfil Twist Dia. Ra values was measured and the surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed by generalized linear models (p < 0.05). RESULTS The Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior had the highest Ra value while Filtek Ultimate Body was the resin composite with the lowest roughness (p < 0.05). Considering the average Ra values after polishing, while the lowest Ra in all groups was obtained with the control group, the Clearfil Twist Dia showed similar Ra to the control group (p > 0.05). The samples polished with Sof-Lex Spiral Wheels had the highest Ra (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In addition to the resin composite type, the F/P technique greatly affected the Ra value of resin composite. The nanocomposites exhibited with the lowest Ra compared to the bulk fill resin composite after F/P. It was observed that the diamond containing-polishing system created smoother surfaces than the aluminum oxide containing- and silicon carbide containing-polishing systems. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In terms of Ra , the nanocomposites exhibited better performance than the bulk fill resin composites. Nowadays, newly developed polishing systems containing diamonds can be successful at a comparable level to existing polishing systems. For this reason, these systems are preferable for polishing both nanocomposites and bulk fill resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Gömleksiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Gömleksiz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Amaya-Pajares SP, Koi K, Watanabe H, da Costa JB, Ferracane JL. Development and maintenance of surface gloss of dental composites after polishing and brushing: Review of the literature. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:15-41. [PMID: 35088935 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the effect of the composites' composition to produce high surface smoothness/gloss using finishers/polishers, and to assess maintained smoothness/gloss under toothbrush abrasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed papers published from January 01, 2000 to September 01, 2021 were included, and keywords used were: filler particle size, shape, amount of dental composites; finishing/polishing, gloss/roughness, and toothbrush abrasion of composites. Seventy-five in-vitro studies were included in this literature review. Forty-six articles assessed filler particle size/composition/shape and distribution to obtain high gloss/smoothness on different formulations; and the finishers/polishers effect on these materials. Twenty-nine papers assessed toothbrush abrasion of composites. RESULTS Suprananofill/nanofill/microfills typically showed the smoothest and glossiest surfaces compared to nanohybrid, microhybrid and hybrid composites. Microfill (0.04-0.07 μm, 71-88 GU); suprananofill (0.001-0.8 μm, 52-92 GU), microhybrids (0.05-0.35 μm, 35-95 GU) and nanohybrids (0.05-0.21 μm, 66-97 GU). Composites with small, spherical particles tend to show smoother, glossier surfaces and more wear resistant compared to resin composites with larger or irregular particles. Several studies showed higher roughness and reduced gloss after toothbrush abrasion. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, suprananofill/nanofill/microfill composites tended to show the smoothest/glossiest surfaces due to smaller particle size. Composites with small, spherical particles tended to show smoother/glossier surfaces. Overall, toothbrush abrasion showed higher surface roughness and reduced gloss. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Suprananofills/nanofills/microfills had good polishability and polish retention due to their smaller particle size. The effectiveness of a polishing system is material-dependent. In general, Enhance-PoGo, Sof-Lex discs, and Sof-Lex Spiral wheels showed similar level of smoothness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia P Amaya-Pajares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kiyono Koi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hidehiko Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Juliana B da Costa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Babina K, Polyakova M, Sokhova I, Doroshina V, Arakelyan M, Zaytsev A, Novozhilova N. The Effect of Ultrasonic Scaling and Air-Powder Polishing on the Roughness of the Enamel, Three Different Nanocomposites, and Composite/Enamel and Composite/Cementum Interfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3072. [PMID: 34835835 PMCID: PMC8623571 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of ultrasonic scaling and air-powder polishing on the roughness of enamel, three nanocomposites (Premise, Herculite Ultra, Harmonize), and composite/enamel and composite/cementum interfaces. Class V cavities were restored in 99 extracted third molars with one of the three nanocomposites and treated with ultrasonic scaler or air-powder polishing device (calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate powders). The roughness (Ra) of the investigated surfaces was measured with contact profilometer before and after treatment. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Specimens' Ra values before instrumentation were near the clinically acceptable 0.2 μm threshold. All techniques increased the roughness of the tested surfaces; however, the enamel was slightly affected. The mean Ra values after prophylaxis for composite, composite/cementum and composite/enamel surfaces were 0.32-0.55, 1.33-1.73, and 1.25-1.36, respectively. The extent of composite surface damage was material dependent. Premise surface was not altered by ultrasonic scaling significantly. Air-powder polishing with both powders produced a greater increase in surface roughness of composite resin and restorations margins than ultrasonic scaling. The Ra values after both types of air polishing for Herculite Ultra and Harmonize were approximately 1.5 and 2 times higher, respectively, than those after ultrasonic scaling (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.D.); (M.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.D.); (M.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Inna Sokhova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.D.); (M.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Vladlena Doroshina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.D.); (M.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Marianna Arakelyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.D.); (M.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.D.); (M.A.); (N.N.)
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17
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Yılmaz C, Kanık Ö. Investigation of surface roughness values of various restorative materials after brushing with blue covarine containing whitening toothpaste by two different methods: AFM and profilometer. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:521-532. [PMID: 34528740 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of whitening toothpaste on the surface roughness of resin-based restorative materials by different measurement methods. Twenty four specimens from each of human enamel, a microhybrid composite and two nanohybrid composites discs (8.0 diameter × 4.0 mm thick) were divided into two groups (n = 12) according to toothbrushing solutıon and subjected to simulation toothbrushing (30,000 cycles) with both distilled water and whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine. Surface roughness was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the data obtained were subjected to analysis. Ra values of Tescera (TES) were significantly higher than Sonicfill 2 (SF2) when brushing both toothbrushing solutions for initial or 30,000 cycles. Roughness increased for SF2 and TES when brushed for 30,000 cycles and was higher than enamel and Herculite XRV Ultra (HXU). Human enamel was obtained lower surface roughness values brushed with toothpaste compared with distilled water. Evaluation of the surface roughness of control groups using the AFM revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups, but significant differences were found using a profilometer. The use of abrasive whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine and the number of brushing cycles affect the surface properties of human enamel and the restorative material, and also, the clinical success of the restoration. Toothbrushing for 30,000 cycles increased the surface roughness of all materials. The type of toothbrushing solution partially has affected surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Yılmaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kanık
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Singh N, MeenaKumari C, Bansal A, Pal S, Alroomy R, VinuthaKumari V. "Comparative evaluation of effect of toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion on surface roughness of resin composites with different filler loading:" An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:36-40. [PMID: 34475677 PMCID: PMC8378499 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_521_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion on the surface roughness of two restorative posterior resin composites, Filtek Z250 and Z350 after simulated toothbrushing twice daily for a period of 3 months. Methods: All the specimens were polished and cleaned and surface topography was evaluated by Veeco di CP-II Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) at six different points; similarly, these specimens were again subjected to evaluation after simulated toothbrushing using dentifrice. The surface roughness evaluation was done for AFM images using software made available and the factor measured were average roughness (Ra) and maximum peak to valley distance R(p v). Data were normally distributed as tested using the Shapiro–Wilk W-test (P > 0.05). Therefore, analysis was performed using the parametric tests, i.e., independent “t”-test (for comparing two groups). The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean change in Ra and the mean change in Rp-v for Z350 were less as compared to Z250, and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Within the limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that toothbrushing increased the roughness in Z250 in comparison to Z350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Sudha Rastagi Dental College, Faridabad, India
| | - C MeenaKumari
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhishek Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.M.College of Dental Sciences, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences, MMU, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sweety Pal
- Department of Dental Surgery, Ras Bihari Bose Subharti University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Riyadh Alroomy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia
| | - V VinuthaKumari
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia
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Tamilselvi S, Nagate RR, Al-Ahmari MMM, Kokila G, Tikare S, Chaturvedi S. Comparison of the effect of sodium bicarbonate and glycine air polishing systems on tooth surface roughness: An atomic force microscopic analysis. Technol Health Care 2021; 29:489-498. [PMID: 32804106 DOI: 10.3233/thc-202210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of prophylactic materials are used in the dental office for the removal of stains and calculus. OBJECTIVE To evaluate tooth surface changes caused by the application of air abrasive powders (sodium bicarbonate, SBAP and glycine air powder, GPAP) along with scaling and root planing (SRP), under atomic force microscope (AFM) and to analyze the histological soft tissue changes caused by these agents, using light microscopy. METHODS This study was conducted in two phases: in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro phase, hard tissue analysis was done under AFM following air powder polishing. Eighteen extracted teeth were chosen. SRP and tooth sectioning were carried out. Subsequently, each section of the tooth was mounted on a glass plate with self-cure acrylic resin and air polished using SBAP and GPAP. In the vivo phase, the soft tissue was analyzed under a light microscope for surface roughness. A biopsy specimen was taken from patients who had received phase I therapy, and flap surgery was planned using a modified Widman flap technique. RESULTS This study compared surface changes in enamel and cementum, under AFM, as indicated by RA after SRP, SRP and SBAP, and SRP and GPAP; comparisons were then drawn across the three groups. The mean AFM values were 108.5 and 144.7, 102.7 and 81.7, and 95.6 and 7.4, at the crown and root, for SRP, SRP and SBAP, and SRP and GPAP interventions, respectively. GPAP was the least rough on soft tissues. CONCLUSION SBAP and GPAP were better than hand instrumentation as indicated by AFM and histological section analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tamilselvi
- Department of Periodontics, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghavendra Reddy Nagate
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manae Musa Musleh Al-Ahmari
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Kokila
- Department of Periodontics, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shreyas Tikare
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Evaluation of Efficiency of Polymerization, Surface Roughness, Porosity and Adaptation of Flowable and Sculptable Bulk Fill Composite Resins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175202. [PMID: 34500635 PMCID: PMC8434499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new category of commercial bulk fill composite resins (CRs) enables the placement of 4-mm-thick layers as an alternative to the traditional time-consuming incremental technique. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the polymerization, adaptation and porosity of two high-viscosity ‘sculptable’ bulk fill CRs (Filtek™ Bulk Fill (3M™ ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schwan, Liechtenstein)) and two low-viscosity ‘flowable’ bulk fill CRs (SureFil® SDR™ flow (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) and Tetric EvoFlow® Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein)). Cylindrical samples of the bulk fill CRs (4 mm height × 10 mm diameter) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, occlusal cavities were prepared in twelve extracted human molars and restored with the bulk fill CRs (n = 3 for each CR). The adaptation and porosity of the bulk fill CRs were evaluated by X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) with a 3D morphometric analysis, and the adaptation was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on longitudinal vestibulo-oral sections of the restored teeth. The AFM analysis demonstrated that the surface roughness of the SureFil® SDR™ flow was higher than that of the Tetric EvoFlow® Bulk Fill and that the surface roughness of Filtek™ Bulk Fill was higher than that of Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill. µCT and SEM confirmed that the flowable bulk fill CRs had excellent adaptation to the cavity walls. The 3D morphometric analysis showed the highest and lowest degrees of porosity in Filtek™ Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoFlow® Bulk Fill, respectively. In general, the flowable bulk fill CRs exhibited better adaptation, a higher efficiency of polymerization and lower porosity than the sculptable materials.
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Al Hamad KQ, Al Quran FA, Jwaied SZ, Al-Dwairi ZN, Al-Rashdan BA, Baba NZ. Effect of CAD/CAM Bur Deterioration on the Surface Roughness of Ceramic Crowns. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:320-325. [PMID: 34213056 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of repetitive milling on the surface roughness of ceramic crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty feldspathic ceramic crowns (VITABLOCS Mark II; Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) milled with hard milling protocol, and 20 zirconia crowns (5Y-TZP, inCoris TZI; Dentsply Sirona, York, PA) milled with soft milling protocol, using a 5-axis milling machine (inLab MC X5; Dentsply Sirona) were investigated. Atomic force microscopy (SPM SmartSPM™-1000) was used for surface roughness measurements (Ra, RMS). Pearson correlation between bur deterioration percentage as provided by the software of the milling machine and surface roughness was performed with an (r) range between 1 and -1. Trend analysis between the 2-half and among the 4-quarter bur lifetime was performed with linear contrast analysis and partial eta squared (η) for estimate of effect size. Analysis of mean variance between the zirconia and feldspathic ceramic groups was performed with a t-test, with α = 0.05. RESULTS Correlation analysis showed small correlation for Ra, RMS (r = -0.02, -0.16 for the feldspathic ceramic crowns and r = 0.044, 0.034 for the zirconia crowns), and no significant differences for the 2-half and 4-quarter groups (p > 0.05) for both crown types. Estimate of effect size was rated as medium for the 2-half groups (Ra = 0.420, RMS = 0.395) and large for the 4-quarter groups (RA = 0.22, F = 1.48, RMS = 0.19, F = 1.26) for the feldspathic ceramic crowns, and small effect size for the 2-half groups (Ra = 0.18, RMS = 0.20) and the 4-quarter groups (Ra = 0.035, RMS = 0.037) for the zirconia crowns. There was no significant difference (p = 0.178, F = 0.016. p = 0.088, F = 0.002) between the feldspathic ceramic and zirconia crowns with medium and large effect size (0.45, 0.57) for RA and RMS. CONCLUSIONS Milling zirconia and feldspathic ceramic crowns had small correlation between bur deterioration and surface roughness when the burs were used within their recommended lifetime. However, hard milled feldspathic ceramic crowns had higher surface roughness than the soft milled zirconia crowns. Bur deterioration had a larger effect on the surface roughness of the feldspathic ceramic crowns than the zirconia crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Q Al Hamad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Firas A Al Quran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sawsan Z Jwaied
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ziad N Al-Dwairi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Nadim Z Baba
- Advanced Specialty Education Program in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA
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Evaluation of the effects of additives on the properties of starch-based bioplastic film. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe adverse environmental effects of petroleum-based packaging plastics have necessitated the need for eco-friendly bioplastics. Most bioplastics are starch-based and are not without drawbacks, hence there is the need for their properties to be improved. In this study, the effect of varying concentrations of dialdehyde starch and silica solutions on the physical, mechanical, biodegradable, surface topology, and thermal properties of the bioplastic films was examined. The additive concentrations were varied from 60 to 100%. The bioplastic films produced with dialdehyde starch solution recorded better moisture content (6.62–11.85%), bioplastic film solubility (4.23–7.90%), and tensile strength (1.63–3.06 MPa), against (11.24–14.26%), (7.77–19.27%) and (0.53–0.73 MPa) respectively for bioplastic films produced with silica solution. The atomic force microscopy analysis; root-mean-square roughness, kurtosis, and skewness revealed better miscibility and compatibility between the starch matrix and the dialdehyde solution than between the starch matrix and the silica solution. Bioplastic with added dialdehyde starch solution has better tensile strength and long biodegradability than that with silica solution. The research has demonstrated that bioplastic film produced with starch and dialdehyde starch solution has better properties than the one produced with starch and silica solution. The properties evaluation results of the bioplastic films thus demonstrated their aptness for food packaging applications.
Graphic abstract
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23
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Bacterial Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Dental Material Surfaces. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041152. [PMID: 33670043 PMCID: PMC7926644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and understand bacterial adhesion to different dental material surfaces like amalgam, Chromasit, an Co-Cr alloy, an IPS InLine ceramic, yttrium stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia (TPZ), a resin-based composite, an Au-Pt alloy, and a tooth. For all materials, the surface roughness was assessed by profilometry, the surface hydrophobicity was determined by tensiometry, and the zeta potential was measured by electrokinetic phenomena. The arithmetic average roughness was the lowest for the TPZ ceramic (Ra = 0.23 µm ± 0.02 µm), while the highest value was observed for the Au-Pt alloy (Ra = 0.356 µm ± 0.075 µm). The hydrophobicity was the lowest on the TPZ ceramic and the highest on the Co-Cr alloy. All measured streaming potentials were negative. The most important cause of tooth caries is the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, which was chosen for this study. The bacterial adhesion to all material surfaces was determined by scanning electron microscopy. We showed that the lowest bacterial extent was on the amalgam, whereas the greatest extent was on tooth surfaces. In general, measurements showed that surface properties like roughness, hydrophobicity and charge have a significant influence on bacterial adhesion extent. Therefore, dental material development should focus on improving surface characteristics to reduce the risk of secondary caries.
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Aljamhan A, Habib SR, AlSarhan MA, AlZahrani B, AlOtaibi H, AlSunaidi N. Effect of Finishing and Polishing on The Surface Roughness of Bulk Fill Composites. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of three finishing/polishing systems on the surface roughness (Ra) of conventional and Bulk-fill composite resins.
Materials and methods:
The Ra values of three different brands of Bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill®, 3M ESPE; SonicFill Bulk-fill®, Kerr; SDR Bulk-fill®, Dentsply) were tested and compared with the Ra of a conventional composite (Filtek XT Z350®, 3M ESPE). A total of 30 discs (10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated from four test materials and divided into three groups (n = 10/group) depending on the three finishing/polishing systems used (Astropol®, Ivoclar Vivadent; PoGo®, Dentsply; Sof-LexTM®, 3M ESPE). The Ra of each specimen was recorded with an optical profilometer (Contour-GT-X®, USA). ANOVA and Tukey’s tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results:
Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the Ra values of all composite materials tested with three finishing/polishing systems. Among composite materials, only Group-III showed a significant difference (P = 0.003) in Ra obtained using all three finishing/polishing systems. SDR Bulk-fill® and Filtek XT Z350® showed the highest (0.810 ± 0.373 µm) and lowest (0.365 ± 0.119 µm) Ra values, respectively. Individually, the highest Ra was recorded for SDR Bulk-fill® when it was finished/polished with the Astropol® system. SonicFill Bulk-fill® and SDR Bulk-fill® composites exhibited the lowest Ra values when they were finished with the PoGo® system.
Conclusion:
Finishing and polishing techniques greatly affect the surface roughness of different Bulk-fill composites because variations in the surface roughness were observed for all tested composite materials. Filtek XT Z350® exhibited the lowest surface roughness, while SDR Bulk-fill® exhibited the highest surface roughness among the tested composite materials.
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Machado-Santos L, Silikas N, Baroudi K, Sinhoreti MAC, Brandt WC, Liporoni PCS. Mechanical performance of experimental acrylic resins modified by nanoparticles after chemical and mechanical degradation. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e1157-e1163. [PMID: 33282137 PMCID: PMC7700787 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different materials have been incorporated into the polymethylmethacrylate matrix to improve its performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), the flexural strength (FS), the elasticity modulus (EM), and the effect of exposure to food-simulating liquids prior to brushing simulation on the gloss loss (GL) of experimental acrylic resins modified by nanoparticles.
Material and Methods Three different types of nanoparticles; silicon oxide (SiO2), cerium oxide (CeO2) and titanium oxide (TiO2) were added to a poly (methylmethacrylate) matrix, in proportions of 0.5wt%, 1wt% and 3wt% each, forming nine experimental groups. The acrylic resin was also tested as a control group. DC was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A three-point bending test was used for FS and EM. GL after chemical degradation and simulated brushing was evaluated using a glossmeter. Data were submitted to one and two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test (α=0.05).
Results All nanoparticle-modified groups showed higher values of DC. Ce1% showed higher values of FS and EM. All other groups showed similar or lower physical-mechanical properties (FS, EM, GL). Regarding type and wt%, CeO2 and TiO2 groups had better performances and were similar to each other.
Conclusions Incorporating metal nanoparticles, especially CeO2, could improve the physical properties of the dental materials. Key words:Polymethylmetacrylate, degree of conversion, flexural strength, elasticity modulus, gloss loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Machado-Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Nicolaos Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kusai Baroudi
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil
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Abdelaziz KM, Mir S, Khateeb SU, Baba SM, Alshahrani SS, Alshahrani EA, Alsafi ZA. Influences of Successive Exposure to Bleaching and Fluoride Preparations on the Surface Hardness and Roughness of the Aged Resin Composite Restoratives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E476. [PMID: 32947937 PMCID: PMC7557809 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Surfaces of composite restorations are adversely affected upon bleaching and topical fluoride application. Such a procedure is normally carried out in the presence of restorations already serving in a different oral environment, although previous in vitro studies only considered the freshly-prepared composite specimens for assessment. The current study accordingly aimed to evaluate both the surface hardness and roughness of aged composite restoratives following their successive exposure to bleaching and topical fluoride preparations. Materials and Methods: Disc specimens were prepared from micro-hybrid, nano-filled, flowable and bulk-fill resin composites (groups 1-4, n = 60 each). All specimens were subjected to artificial aging before their intermittent exposure to surface treatment with: none (control), bleach or topical fluoride (subgroups 1-3, n = 20). All surface treatments were interrupted with two periods of 5000 thermal cycles. Specimens' surfaces were then tested for both surface hardness (Vickers hardness number (VHN), n = 10) and roughness (Ra, n = 10). The collected VHNs and Ras were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's comparisons at α = 0.05 to confirm the significance of differences between subgroups. Results: None of the tested composites showed differences in surface hardness and roughness between the bleached and the non-treated specimens (p > 0.05), but the bleached flowable composite specimens only were rougher than their control (p < 0.000126). In comparison to the control, fluoride treatment not only reduced the surface hardness of both micro-hybrid (p = 0.000129) and flowable (p = 0.0029) composites, but also increased the surface roughness of all tested composites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aged composite restoratives provide minimal surface alterations on successive bleaching and fluoride applications. Flowable resin composite is the most affected by such procedures. Although bleaching seems safe for other types of composites, the successive fluoride application could deteriorate the aged surfaces of the tested resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Abdelaziz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (S.U.K.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Shugufta Mir
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (S.U.K.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Shafait Ullah Khateeb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (S.U.K.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Suheel M. Baba
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (S.U.K.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Saud S. Alshahrani
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (E.A.A.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Eman A. Alshahrani
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (E.A.A.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Zahra A. Alsafi
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (E.A.A.); (Z.A.A.)
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Babina K, Polyakova M, Sokhova I, Doroshina V, Arakelyan M, Novozhilova N. The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Sequences on The Surface Roughness of Three Different Nanocomposites and Composite/Enamel and Composite/Cementum Interfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071339. [PMID: 32659992 PMCID: PMC7407209 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of final surface treatment and dental composite type on the roughness of the composite surface, composite/enamel interface, and composite/cementum interface, as well as on the polishing time. Class V cavities prepared in extracted teeth (n = 126) were restored using one of the three nanohybrid composites with different filler sizes. The specimens were randomly assigned to three different finishing and polishing sequences. The roughness (Ra) of the investigated surfaces was measured using the contact profilometer. The time required to achieve visible gloss was documented. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). There was no significant influence of the composite type on the restoration surface roughness (p = 0.088), while the polishing method had a significant impact (p < 0.001). The Ra of the composites ranged between 0.08 µm and 0.29 µm, with the lowest values (0.09 µm ± 0.05 µm) found in the aluminum oxide disc group (p < 0.001). The time to achieve a visible composite gloss was influenced by the polishing method, composite type, and interactions between these factors (p < 0.001). The interface roughness was significantly greater than that of the composite surface (p < 0.001), and depended on the composite type and polishing system employed.
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28
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Khabadze Z, Kulikova A, Abdulkerimova S, Bakaev Y, Bakaev Y, Todua D, Mordanov O, Adzhieva A, Davreshyan G, Solimanov S, Nazhmudinov S. The Substantiation of the Pre-Polymerization Heating Efficiency of the Dental Nanocomposite Material. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yusup Bakaev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
| | - Yunus Bakaev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
| | - David Todua
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
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Barszczewska-Rybarek IM. A Guide through the Dental Dimethacrylate Polymer Network Structural Characterization and Interpretation of Physico-Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4057. [PMID: 31817410 PMCID: PMC6947234 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Material characterization by the determination of relationships between structure and properties at different scales is essential for contemporary material engineering. This review article provides a summary of such studies on dimethacrylate polymer networks. These polymers serve as photocuring organic matrices in the composite dental restorative materials. The polymer network structure was discussed from the perspective of the following three aspects: the chemical structure, molecular structure (characterized by the degree of conversion and crosslink density (chemical as well as physical)), and supramolecular structure (characterized by the microgel agglomerate dimensions). Instrumental techniques and methodologies currently used for the determination of particular structural parameters were summarized. The influence of those parameters as well as the role of hydrogen bonding on basic mechanical properties of dimethacrylate polymer networks were finally demonstrated. Mechanical strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and impact resistance were discussed. The issue of the relationship between chemical structure and water sorption was also addressed.
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30
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Beltrami R, Ceci M, De Pani G, Vialba L, Federico R, Poggio C, Colombo M. Effect of different surface finishing/polishing procedures on color stability of esthetic restorative materials: A spectrophotometric evaluation. Eur J Dent 2019; 12:49-56. [PMID: 29657525 PMCID: PMC5883476 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_185_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the color stability of different esthetic restorative materials after surface finishing/polishing with different procedures. Materials and Methods: All materials were polymerized into silicone rubber rings to obtain specimens identical in size. Samples were randomly assigned into four groups (10 specimens of each composite for each group), and they were finished with different procedures: Control group (Group 1), three or two polishers interspersed with diamond grit (Groups 3 and 2, respectively), and one tungsten carbide bur + one polisher interspersed with diamond grit (Group 4). After staining process in coffee, a colorimetric evaluation according to the CIE L*a*b* system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. Means of the different polishing/finishing groups were compared with Scheffe's multiple comparison test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: In control group, significant lower discolorations were recorded for Essentia, Admira Fusion, and Estelite. After finishing, Filtek Supreme XTE and Ceram.X Universal showed a significantly lower degree of staining. The finishing technique used for Group 4 produced higher color changes. Conclusions: Tungsten carbide burs produced the higher color variations; after finishing, the nanofilled composites showed lower discoloration than nanohybrid ones, and the time of exposure to the staining agent and the polishing/finishing technique influenced the color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Beltrami
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceci
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Pani
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lodovico Vialba
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ricaldone Federico
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Tosco V, Monterubbianesi R, Orilisi G, Procaccini M, Grandini S, Putignano A, Orsini G. Effect of four different finishing and polishing systems on resin composites: roughness surface and gloss retention evaluations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 69:207-214. [PMID: 31633320 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finishing and polishing procedures play a crucial role to achieve the best aesthetic result of direct restorations. Many manufacturers to the clinicians offer different finishing and polishing systems. This study aims to examine the behavior of four different finishing and polishing systems on the roughness, gloss and morphology surface of one resin composite. METHODS Twelve Filtek XTE Supreme (3M ESPE) discs were prepared and divided into 4 groups (N.=3), depending on the different finishing and polishing systems: Group 1 (GP1) Sof-Lex Extra-Thin XT discs; Group 2 (GP2) Sof-Lex Coarse black disc, multi-fluted bur, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System Spirals; Group 3 (GP3) Sof-Lex Coarse black disc, multi-fluted bur, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System Spirals, Diamond Twist SCL; Group 4 (GP4) with Sof-Lex Coarse black disc, multi-fluted bur and Occlubrush. The roughness and gloss were evaluated and then samples examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyse the morphology after finishing and polishing. RESULTS Regarding the surface roughness, GP1 and GP2 showed similar values for Ra, Ry, Rz and Rq parameters; while GP3 displayed the lowest values in all parameters; GP4 had the highest Ra value. Regarding the gloss, the values decreased as follows: GP3>GP2=GP4>GP1 (P<0.05). Scanning electron micrographs showed the abrasion of the samples with an increase in the surface roughness in GP1 and GP4. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's Test was used for statistical evaluations (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The roughness and gloss surface of resin composites depend on the finishing and polishing systems used. This study demonstrates that satisfactory gloss outcomes are obtained using a system based on diamond paste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Science and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy -
| | | | - Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Science and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Procaccini
- Department of Clinical Science and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Science and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Science and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Ţălu Ş, Stach S, Lainović T, Blažić L. Characterization of spatial patterns of dental restorative nanocomposites. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1215-1223. [PMID: 30938008 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide important insights into the effects of four different dental polishing protocols (one single-step and one multi-step either followed or not by diamond paste polishing) on the 3D surface morphology of two representative dental resin-based nanocomposites (a nanofilled and a nanohybrid composite) by means of digital image analysis and processing techniques. The 3D surface morphology was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Segmentation, statistics of height distributions (described by statistical parameters, according to ISO 25178-2: 2012) and Minkowski functionals were applied to the images to characterize the spatial patterns of analyzed samples at micrometer scale. The nanofilled composite had significantly lower values of height parameters in comparison with nanohybrid one. Multi-step polishing protocol generated a statistically significant smoother finish for both tested materials, than one-step polishing protocol, even when it was followed by diamond paste polishing. Diamond paste polishing generated a statistically significant smoother surface of tested samples. This suite of surface analysis tools is important in the research and manufacture of these dental resin-based nanocomposites, where material surfaces have a key role in the functionality of objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ţălu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Stach
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Tijana Lainović
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Larisa Blažić
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Designing kaolin-reinforced bionanocomposites of poly(vinyl alcohol)/gelatin and study of their mechanical and water vapor transmission behavior. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of Silica Nanoparticles and Silica-Zirconia Nanoclusters on Tribological Properties of Dental Resin Composites. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7589051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Roughness and hardness are among the most important variables in the wear (resistance) performance of dental resin composites. In this study, silica nanoparticles and nanoclusters of silica and silica-zirconia nanoparticles were evaluated for use as reinforcement agents in dental resin composites. Nanoclusters with spherical morphology were obtained from aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles by spray drying. Roughness was measured through atomic force microscopy (AFM) while nanohardness was evaluated by nanoindentation. The roughness values obtained with silica nanoparticles were lower (22.6 ± 6.6 nm) than those obtained with silica and silica-zirconia nanoclusters (138.1 ± 36.6 nm, 116.2 ± 32.2 nm, resp.), while the hardness values of all composites were similar (nanoparticles = 0.24 ± 0.01 GPa, silica nanoclusters = 0.25 ± 0.04 GPa, and silica-zirconia nanoclusters = 0.22 ± 0.02 GPa). Based on this study, it can be established that particle size is a determining factor in the roughness of the final material, while the key variable for nanohardness was the concentration of the reinforcement materials.
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Costa GDFAD, Fernandes ACBDCJ, Carvalho LADO, de Andrade AC, de Assunção IV, Borges BCD. Effect of additional polishing methods on the physical surface properties of different nanocomposites: SEM and AFM study. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1467-1473. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nitta K, Nomoto R, Tsubota Y, Tsuchikawa M, Hayakawa T. Characteristics of low polymerization shrinkage flowable resin composites in newly-developed cavity base materials for bulk filling technique. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:740-746. [PMID: 28652556 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate polymerization shrinkage and other physical properties of newly-developed cavity base materials for bulk filling technique, with the brand name BULK BASE (BBS). Polymerization shrinkage was measured according to ISO/FDIS 17304. BBS showed the significantly lowest polymerization shrinkage and significantly higher depth of cure than conventional flowable resin composites (p<0.05). The Knoop hardness, flexural strength and elastic modulus of that were significantly lower than conventional flowable resin composites (p<0.05). BBS had the significantly greatest filler content (p<0.05). SEM images of the surface showed failure of fillers. The lowest polymerization shrinkage was due to the incorporation of a new type of low shrinkage monomer, which has urethane moieties. There were no clear correlations between inorganic filler contents and polymerization shrinkage, flexural strength and elastic modulus. In conclusion, the low polymerization shrinkage of BBS will be useful for cavity treatment in dental clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nitta
- Department of Dental Engineering, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Rie Nomoto
- Department of Dental Engineering, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Yuji Tsubota
- Department of Dental Engineering, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine.,Tsubota Dental Clinic
| | - Masuji Tsuchikawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine.,Sun Medical
| | - Tohru Hayakawa
- Department of Dental Engineering, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
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Magdy NM, Kola MZ, Alqahtani HH, Alqahtani MD, Alghmlas AS. Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Different Direct Resin-based Composites. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7:104-109. [PMID: 28584779 PMCID: PMC5452562 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_72_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objective: To evaluate surface roughness of different resin-based composites. Materials and Methods: Three resin composites, one nanohybrid, one nanoceramic, and one bulk-fill resin-based composite, were used in this study. Cylindrical Teflon mold and 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness disc specimens were prepared. For each composite material, 15 discs were fabricated, with a total of sixty discs were obtained (n = 60). A glass slide 1–2 mm thick was placed over the strip before curing with the light-curing unit to flatten the surfaces. The specimens were then cured for 40 s through the Mylar strip and the glass slide. Five specimens per each material received no finishing treatment after being cured under Mylar strips; these specimens served as a control. Ten specimens from each composite material were finished/polished with Eve discs at coarse, medium, fine, and superfine grits for 30 s (using stopwatch) each on the specimens. After polishing, the composite surfaces were assessed quantitatively by profilometry and qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Tetric Evo Ceram and Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk-Fill specimens polished with Eve revealed slightly the same surface appearance as the Mylar strip. Eve discs scratched and exposed fillers of Ceram-x. Eve discs for Z250 surfaces exposed and scratched the filler particles but less than occurred with Ceram-x. Conclusion: Bulk-Fill and nanohybrid resin composites exhibit smoothest surfaces compared with nanoceramic and microhybrid resin composites after polishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashaat Mohammed Magdy
- Department of Conservative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zaheer Kola
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamod Hussain Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Handschuh-Wang S, Wang T, Zhou X. Recent advances in hybrid measurement methods based on atomic force microscopy and surface sensitive measurement techniques. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summaries the recent progress of the combination of optical and non-optical surface sensitive techniques with the atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
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Chour RG, Moda A, Arora A, Arafath MY, Shetty VK, Rishal Y. Comparative evaluation of effect of different polishing systems on surface roughness of composite resin: An in vitro study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:S166-70. [PMID: 27652251 PMCID: PMC5022396 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.189761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: Satisfactory composite restoration depends upon its smooth finish, quality of polishing agents, type of composite material used, and its composition. The present study evaluated the effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of composite resin. Materials and Methods: Forty discs of composite were prepared and equally subjected to different finishing and polishing procedures; (i) unpolished control group, (ii) sof-lex discs, (iii) diamond tips, and (iv) Astrobrush groups. Later, the surface roughness for the entire specimen was evaluated using Profilomotor. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test at significance level of 0.001. Results: Composite surface roughness after polishing was statistically significant between the groups. Sof-lex group produced lesser surface roughness compared to control, Astrobrush, and diamond group. Conclusion: The present study indicated that diamond tips can be used to remove rough surface whereas sof-lex can be used for final finish and polish of the composite restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi G Chour
- Department of Pedodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Aman Moda
- Department of Pedodontics, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Arpana Arora
- Department of Prosthodontics, ITS Dental College, Greater Noida, India
| | - Muhmmed Y Arafath
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Vikram K Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Yousef Rishal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Center, Edappal, Kerala, India
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