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Daniels SP, Whiteside EJ, Martin S, Moore-Colyer MJS, Harris P. Straight from the horse's mouth: The effect of different feedstuffs on oral pH in horses and ponies. J Equine Vet Sci 2024:105181. [PMID: 39241897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Feedstuffs, especially ensiled forage, may be detrimental to equid oral health by exposing the oral cavity to low pH. This study aimed to identify if salivary pH was altered by 1) a range of different feedstuffs and (2) specifically by feeding haylages with differing nutrient profiles. Two studies were conducted. The first measured oral pH following five feedstuffs, (hay, haylage, unmolassed sugarbeet pulp, unmolassed alfalfa chaff and rolled oats), tested individually over five days. Saliva (≥1ml) was collected in triplicate, prior to feeding, directly after ingesting 500g of each feedstuff, then 15 minutes and 30 minutes post-prandially. Oral pH was determined (pH meter) within 10 minutes of collection. In study two, eight ponies, were fed as their total diet, four different haylages over four 15-day periods. Saliva was collected, prior to feeding and immediately after ingesting 500g of forage on day 1, day 6, and day 12 of each period. Samples were collected and analysed as per study one. All data were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA, and in study two linear regression was used to attempt to predict nutrients that influenced oral pH. All statistics were conducted in Genstat 20th Ed. Only feeding unmolassed sugarbeet caused a reduction (p<0.001) in oral pH. There were differences in oral pH depending on the type of haylage fed in study two but at all times oral pH post-feeding was the same or greater than basal pH. These studies suggest any feed associated modulation of oral pH in horses may only be short-lived and quickly buffered by saliva. However, these studies only reflect oral pH within the oral cavity around the feeding occasion and may not reflect gingival pH or the effects of different feeds over longer time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Daniels
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, UK.
| | - E J Whiteside
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, UK
| | - S Martin
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, UK
| | - M J S Moore-Colyer
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, UK; Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucester, UK
| | - P Harris
- Equine Studies Group, Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire, UK
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2
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Eachempati P, Lambourn G, Harris A, McColl E. Top tips for treatment planning: tooth-by-tooth prognosis - Part 1: restorative prognosis. Br Dent J 2024; 236:738-741. [PMID: 38789738 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanti Eachempati
- Peninsula Dental School (University of Plymouth), Derriford Dental Education Facility, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, PL6 8BT, UK.
| | - Guy Lambourn
- Peninsula Dental School (University of Plymouth), Derriford Dental Education Facility, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, PL6 8BT, UK.
| | - Andrew Harris
- Peninsula Dental School (University of Plymouth), Derriford Dental Education Facility, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, PL6 8BT, UK.
| | - Ewen McColl
- Director of Clinical Dentistry, Peninsula Dental School (University of Plymouth), Derriford Dental Education Facility, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, PL6 8BT, UK.
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Halkai KR, Halkai R. Prevalence of dental caries among coronavirus disease 2019-recovered patients and correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity in Kalaburagi region of Indian subpopulation. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:414-418. [PMID: 38779205 PMCID: PMC11108426 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_36_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has vastly affected mankind worldwide, and its long-term effect on oral health needs to be studied. Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and its correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Kalaburagi region of the Indian subpopulation. Methods About 80 subjects (16-55 years) were included in the study based on selection criteria and were divided into two groups (n = 40). Group 1: no history of COVID-19 infection and Group 2: COVID-19-recovered subjects. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 20) A and B with and without dental caries. Dental caries was assessed using the decay, missing, filled, treatment (DMFT) index by the World Health Organization. About 5 ml of unstimulated saliva samples was collected and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were collected. Salivary TAC was estimated using 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic] acid assay and observed under spectrophotometer (734 nm). Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality distribution followed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (P < 0.05). Results COVID-19-recovered subjects showed a higher prevalence of dental caries and lower TAC levels than non-COVID-19 subjects. Conclusion Higher prevalence of dental caries with lower levels of salivary TAC was found in COVID-19-recovered individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran R. Halkai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Halkai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
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Belam A, Rairam SG, Patil V, Ratnakar P, Patil S, Kulkarni S. Evaluation of detrimental effects of impacted Mandibular third molars on adjacent second molars - A retrospective observational study. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:104-107. [PMID: 36908724 PMCID: PMC10003276 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_341_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Mandibular impacted third molars are the most frequently impacted teeth in humans and can predispose the adjacent second molar to an array of detrimental effects such as caries, periodontitis, and cervical resorption thus the aim of this study was to determine the same. Subjects and Methods A retrospective observational cross-sectional study involving patients with orthopantomography presenting with impacted lower third molar. The type, depth, and level of impaction, the extent of caries, periodontal changes, and the presence of cervical resorption were assessed. Statistical Analysis Used Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. with Chi-square. Results Mesioangular impaction was most commonly noted. The pattern of impaction had a direct influence in the formation of carious lesions, cervical resorption, and periodontal ligament (PDL) changes. Conclusions Noting the pattern of third molar impaction helps the clinician to forecast problems that may occur on adjacent teeth and initiate necessary prophylactic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Belam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, HKES's S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Surabhi G. Rairam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, HKES's S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Veerendra Patil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, HKES's S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - P. Ratnakar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, HKES's S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Supriya Patil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, HKES's S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Kulkarni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, HKES's S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
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Dhanavel C, Sai CK, Neelamurthy PS, Raja SV, Vigneshwari SK, Gokulapriyan K, Usha C. Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Occlusal Caries Detection by Direct Visual, Indirect Visual and Fluorescence Camera Using ICDAS II (Codes 0, 1, and 2): An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:74-78. [PMID: 37020755 PMCID: PMC10067987 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early detection of carious lesions paves the way for the preservation of tooth structures by remineralization strategies. Visual examination using international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) II has been validated with the gold standard of histological classification. A fluorescence camera is yet another diagnostic aid for the early detection of carious lesions based on the autofluorescence of the enamel and dentin. This study was done to evaluate the validity of the fluorescence camera (Soprocare and Acteone) in detecting early carious lesions. Materials and methods A total of 690 occlusal surfaces of non-cavitated premolars and molars were examined by examiners 1 and 2, trained in the ICDAS II grading system. The photographs of the occlusal surface and the fluorescence images, which were taken using a Soprocare (Acetone) intraoral camera, were examined by examiners 3 and 4. The scoring was tabulated and correlated. Results The κ values for interexaminer reproducibility of indirect visual was 0.841 (good), and his fluorescence camera was 1.00, which is very good. The correlation analysis revealed that there was a higher correlation between direct visual and indirect visual for both examiners when compared to direct and fluorescence cameras. There was a positive relationship between indirect visual and fluorescence cameras for both the experimenter). The indirect visual method for the detection of carries has high sensitivity and specificity irrespective of the examiner. Examination by fluorescence camera has a low sensitivity and high specificity. Conclusion The specificity of the caries detection method by indirect visual examination based on ICDAS II coding that of the Soprocare fluorescence camera was consistent and reliable, whereas indirect visual examination had a high sensitivity for detecting ICDAS codes 1 and 2. Soprocare showed a very low sensitivity in detecting ICDAS code 1 and 2 lesions. How to cite this article Dhanavel C, Sai CK, Neelamurthy PS, et al. Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Occlusal Caries Detection by Direct Visual, Indirect Visual and Fluorescence Camera Using ICDAS II (Codes 0, 1, and 2): An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):74-78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthy Dhanavel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Chandana K Sai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Padmaraj S Neelamurthy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vijaya Raja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - SK Vigneshwari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Karuppiah Gokulapriyan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Carounanidy Usha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Alghamdi SA, Aljohar A, Almulhim B, Alassaf A, Bhardwaj SS, Thomas JT, Almalki A, Aljuaid AO, Mallineni SK. Correlation between BMI and Oral Health Status (DMFT, PI, mSBI, and Salivary 1,5-AG) among the Pediatric Population in Saudi Arabia: A Clinico-Biochemical Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1017. [PMID: 35884001 PMCID: PMC9316969 DOI: 10.3390/children9071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association of varying body mass index (BMI) with oral health status among children aged 5−14 years and correlate the concentration of salivary levels of 1,5-AG with varying BMI, dental caries, and periodontal disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects aged 5 to 14 years. The children were recruited from the Pediatric Dental Clinic, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, by convenient sampling method. Sociodemographic details and clinical parameters, including body mass index (BMI), DMFT/def (deciduous decayed tooth (d), deciduous extracted tooth (e), deciduous filled tooth (f), permanent tooth decayed (D), permanent missing tooth (M), and permanent filled tooth (F)), plaque index (PI), and modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), were evaluated. Salivary 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for all the subjects. Statistical analyses performed using SPSS v. 27 (IBM Statistics, Chicago, IL, USA) and the Kruskal−Wallis and chi-square tests were used for comparisons. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to examine the association between the study subjects’ independent variables, BMI, and caries activity. The mean def score, PI, and mSBI scores were higher in obese children. PI score, mSBI score, and salivary concentrations of 1,5-AG between the BMI categories were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The study emphasizes promoting preventive oral health regimes, health awareness campaigns, and nutritional educational programs among the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ayid Alghamdi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Aziza Aljohar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Faisal Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Basim Almulhim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alassaf
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Smita Singh Bhardwaj
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Julie Toby Thomas
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Almalki
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.T.T.); (A.A.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
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Lee E, Park S, Um S, Kim S, Lee J, Jang J, Jeong HO, Shin J, Kang J, Lee S, Jeong T. Microbiome of Saliva and Plaque in Children According to Age and Dental Caries Experience. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1324. [PMID: 34441259 PMCID: PMC8393408 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries are one of the chronic diseases caused by organic acids made from oral microbes. However, there was a lack of knowledge about the oral microbiome of Korean children. The aim of this study was to analyze the metagenome data of the oral microbiome obtained from Korean children and to discover bacteria highly related to dental caries with machine learning models. Saliva and plaque samples from 120 Korean children aged below 12 years were collected. Bacterial composition was identified using Illumina HiSeq sequencing based on the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Ten major genera accounted for approximately 70% of the samples on average, including Streptococcus, Neisseria, Corynebacterium, and Fusobacterium. Differential abundant analyses revealed that Scardovia wiggsiae and Leptotrichia wadei were enriched in the caries samples, while Neisseria oralis was abundant in the non-caries samples of children aged below 6 years. The caries and non-caries samples of children aged 6-12 years were enriched in Streptococcus mutans and Corynebacterium durum, respectively. The machine learning models based on these differentially enriched taxa showed accuracies of up to 83%. These results confirmed significant alterations in the oral microbiome according to dental caries and age, and these differences can be used as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eungyung Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (E.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Suhyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | | | - Seunghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Jinho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Hyoung-oh Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Jonghyun Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (E.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | | | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Taesung Jeong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (E.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Rajawat A, Majeti C, Podugu UK, Kaushik M, Nagamaheshwari X, Mehra N. Association of Hormonal Fingerprints and Dental Caries: A Pilot Study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:337-340. [PMID: 33623232 PMCID: PMC7883784 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_367_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Dental caries remains the most widespread oral disease among all age groups. Hormonal fingerprints (second digit: fourth digit ratio or 2D:4D ratio) are biomarkers displaying sexual dimorphism and diverse human phenotypic traits. A person's genetic makeup may influence the occurrence of dental caries. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of digit ratio on the incidence of dental caries. Settings and Design: Two hundred patients between 18 and 55 years, reporting for restorations or endodontic therapy, participated in the study. Subjects and Methods: Hormonal fingerprints (2D:4D ratio) were measured with the help of a digital vernier caliper. Caries incidence was recorded using the DMFT index. Statistical Analysis used: Data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Independent t-test and Chi-square test. Results Males had a less mean 2D:4D ratio than females, which was statistically significant (p-value = 0.003). Chi-square test was applied, and there was a statistically significant correlation between high digit ratio and caries experience (p-value = 0.002). Females with a high digit ratio and males with a low digit ratio were in the moderate and low caries risk groups with a p-value of 0.029 and 0.001 in the respective risk groups. Conclusion The present study displayed a correlation between hormonal fingerprints (2D:4D ratio) and dental caries. An indicator of caries risk will help prevent caries by implementing oral hygiene measures, which will reduce its incidence as the most occurring oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Rajawat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrakanth Majeti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Uday Kumar Podugu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mamta Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - X Nagamaheshwari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neha Mehra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
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Jackson K, Kelty E, Tennant M. Retrospective case review investigating the effect of replacing oaten hay with a non-cereal hay on equine peripheral caries in 42 cases. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:1105-1111. [PMID: 33332648 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine peripheral caries can cause significant morbidity and can have considerable welfare implications. Recent research suggests that diets with high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content are associated with high risk of peripheral caries. Previous work has indicated that the condition may be treatable if the inciting cause is removed and the damaged tooth allowed to erupt out, being replaced by the unaffected tooth previously under the gingival margin. OBJECTIVES To see whether the peripheral caries process can be ceased if oaten hay (typically high WSC) is removed from the diet and replaced with a non-cereal hay (typically lower WSC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective blinded longitudinal study. METHODS Forty-two cases with peripheral caries that were on oaten hay were asked if they would change the hay type from oaten hay to a non-cereal hay or straw (meadow, Rhodes hay, lucerne hay or barley straw). Photographs were taken at the time and then again at subsequent visits. The photographs were anonymised, randomised and scored by six equine veterinary dentists using the Jackson et al. 'Peripheral Caries Grading System' grading scale. RESULTS At follow-up, 69.0% of cases were marked as inactive, compared with 47.6% of cases at baseline (OR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.12-5.36, P = .02). Significantly lower grades of peripheral caries were observed in the gingival, middle and occlusive third of the molars (triadan 9-11's) at follow-up compared with baseline. However, significant improvements were not observed in the premolars (triadan 6-8's). MAIN LIMITATIONS This is a review of clinical records, not a prospective study. As such, other changes in the diet and management were not recorded, and there was no control group. CONCLUSIONS Recommending clients change their horse's diet from oaten hay (high WSC) to a typically lower WSC hay was associated with significant improvements in equine peripheral caries located in the molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Jackson
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Erin Kelty
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Effects of Feeding High Water Soluble Carbohydrate (WSC) Oaten Hay Versus Low WSC Oaten Hay on Equine Peripheral Dental Caries. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 98:103356. [PMID: 33663727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Equine peripheral caries (PC) can cause significant dental pathology and appears to be increasing in prevalence and recognition in many areas [1, 2]. Previous studies have identified risk factors for the condition including the feeding of oaten hay [3]. It was hypothesized that this may be due to the higher water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) or "sugar" content of the hay. A randomized control trial involving 30 horses on three properties was completed. The horses were randomly assigned to two groups: high WSC (H-WSC) or low WSC (L-WSC) oaten hay and were then sedated and intraoral photographs and endoscopy were performed for baseline levels. They were maintained on this assigned hay source for three months when they were again sedated, examined, and photographs and endoscopic videos recorded. Horses with significant PC were then changed to meadow hay (previously shown to be lower risk for PC [3]) for seven months and re-examined to assess for recovery. Images and videos were anonymized and graded for PC, and the PC grades of the teeth before and after intervention were compared using a Fisher exact test. Thirteen horses fed L-WSC hay and 15 fed H-WSC hay completed the study. Of horses fed the H-WSC oaten hay, 60% deteriorated and of horses on L-WSC oaten hay, 53.8% improved in PC grade over the trial, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .274). All three horses available for recheck after changing to meadow hay improved.
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Jackson K, Kelty E, Tennant M. A new equine peripheral caries grading system: Are the caries likely active or inactive? Equine Vet J 2020; 53:780-786. [PMID: 33007110 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine peripheral caries can be a significant welfare issue in affected horses. Recent work has shown that complete reversal of the condition may be possible if the primary risk factor can be identified and corrected. Determining whether caries are active (deteriorating) or inactive (improving) is of vital importance when formulating a management and treatment plan. A new grading system is proposed that looks at whether caries are likely active or inactive to assist clinicians deciding whether intervention is required. OBJECTIVES To examine the reliability of an alternative grading method for equine peripheral caries. STUDY DESIGN Online survey of veterinary surgeons. METHODS Reviewers (n = 22) graded images of peripheral caries using three methods: the traditional grading system, a new research grading system and a new clinical grading system. Percentage agreement and Fleiss' kappa were used to examine the participant's agreement of the severity of caries. RESULTS All percentage agreements and Fleiss' kappa values were significantly greater than zero (P < .001). The Fleiss' kappa for the new methods were higher (ranging from 0.48 to 0.58), but not significantly different from the traditional method (0.40). There was a high level of consistency in the assessment of caries as either active or inactive with both grading systems reporting over 80% agreement. Feedback on the grading systems was positive with over 90% of reviewers saying they were likely to use the system. MAIN LIMITATIONS The use of photographs provided some difficulties with image quality and judging whether the dentin was affected without an occlusal image. CONCLUSIONS The new grading system produced a consistent estimate of caries severity and provided high levels of agreement on whether the caries were likely 'active' or 'inactive'. This is likely to be very useful clinically to assist practitioners to determine whether intervention is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Jackson
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Erin Kelty
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Datta S, Chaki N, Modak B. A Systematic Review on the Evolution of Dental Caries Detection Methods and Its Significance in Data Analysis Perspective. INTELL DATA ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119544487.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Jackson K, McConnell E, Kelty E, Tennant M. Traumatic injury to the parotid salivary gland or duct and the subsequent development of ipsilateral severe peripheral dental caries in two horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Jackson
- International Research Collaborative – Oral Health and Equity Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology The University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - E. McConnell
- School of Veterinary Medicine College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - E. Kelty
- School of Population and Global Health The University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - M. Tennant
- International Research Collaborative – Oral Health and Equity Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology The University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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Datta S, Chaki N, Modak B. A Novel Technique to Detect Caries Lesion Using Isophote Concepts. Ing Rech Biomed 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Jackson K, Kelty E, Staszyk C, Tennant M. Peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium in Western Australian horses: An epidemiological, anatomical and histopathological assessment. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:617-624. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Jackson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology International Research Collaborative – Oral Health and Equity the University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - E. Kelty
- School of Population and Global Health the University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - C. Staszyk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Institute of Veterinary‐Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Germany
| | - M. Tennant
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology International Research Collaborative – Oral Health and Equity the University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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16
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Jackson K, Kelty E, Tennant M. Equine peripheral dental caries: An epidemiological survey assessing prevalence and possible risk factors in Western Australian horses. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:79-84. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Jackson
- International Research Collaborative, Oral Health and Equity; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology; University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - E. Kelty
- School of Population and Global Health; University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - M. Tennant
- International Research Collaborative, Oral Health and Equity; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology; University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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17
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Nie M, Gao ZY, Wu XY, Jiang CX, Du JH. Evaluation of oral microbiology lab curriculum reform. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 15:217. [PMID: 26643923 PMCID: PMC4672534 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the updated concept of oral microbiology, the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, has carried out oral microbiology teaching reforms during the last 5 years. There was no lab curriculum before 2009 except for a theory course of oral microbiology. The school has implemented an innovative curriculum with oral medicine characteristics to strengthen understanding of knowledge, cultivate students' scientific interest and develop their potential, to cultivate the comprehensive ability of students. This study was designed to evaluate the oral microbiology lab curriculum by analyzing student performance and perceptions regarding the curriculum from 2009 to 2013. METHODS The lab curriculum adopted modalities for cooperative learning. Students collected dental plaque from each other and isolated the cariogenic bacteria with selective medium plates. Then they purified the enrichment culture medium and identified the cariogenic strains by Gram stain and biochemical tests. Both quantitative and qualitative data for 5 years were analysed in this study. Part One of the current study assessed student performance in the lab from 2009 to 2013. Part Two used qualitative means to assess students' perceptions by an open questionnaire. RESULTS The 271 study students' grades on oral microbiology improved during the lab curriculum: "A" grades rose from 60.5 to 81.2 %, and "C" grades fell from 28.4 to 6.3 %. All students considered the lab curriculum to be interesting and helpful. Quantitative and qualitative data converge to suggest that the lab curriculum has strengthened students' grasp of important microbiology-related theory, cultivated their scientific interest, and developed their potential and comprehensive abilities. CONCLUSION Our student performance and perception data support the continued use of the innovative teaching system. As an extension and complement of the theory course, the oral microbiology lab curriculum appears to improve the quality of oral medicine education and help to cultivate high-quality innovative medical talents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhen Y Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Xin Y Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Chen X Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Jia H Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Fernanda EP, Otavio AH, Mirian AS, Tadeu UA, Juliano SR, Dominik L, Fernanda CRL, Denise CE. Stability and disinfecting proprieties of the toothbrush rinse of the essential oil of Protium heptaphyllum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2014.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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19
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Animireddy D, Reddy Bekkem VT, Vallala P, Kotha SB, Ankireddy S, Mohammad N. Evaluation of pH, buffering capacity, viscosity and flow rate levels of saliva in caries-free, minimal caries and nursing caries children: An in vivo study. Contemp Clin Dent 2014; 5:324-8. [PMID: 25191067 PMCID: PMC4147807 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.137931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pH, buffering capacity, viscosity and flow rate of saliva in caries free, minimal caries and nursing caries children and to evaluate the relationship of these on the caries activity of children. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 school children of age group between 4 and 12 years were selected and divided into three equal groups: Group I, Group II and Group III, consisting of 25 subjects each. Group I included caries-free subjects, Group II included subjects with minimal caries and Group III included subjects with nursing caries. Saliva samples were collected from all subjects and were estimated for flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and viscosity. Results: There was a significant decrease in the mean salivary flow rate, salivary ph and salivary buffer capacity and a significant increase in the salivary viscosity among caries-free subjects, subjects with minimal caries and subjects with nursing caries. Conclusion: The physicochemical properties of saliva, such as salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and viscosity, has a relation with caries activity in children and act as markers of caries activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwitha Animireddy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venkata Thimma Reddy Bekkem
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pranitha Vallala
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Babu Kotha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swetha Ankireddy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Noorjahan Mohammad
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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20
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Bahrololoomi Z, Musavi SA, Kabudan M. In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) to detect demineralization and remineralization of smooth enamel lesions. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:362-6. [PMID: 23956542 PMCID: PMC3740651 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Early detection of smooth surface lesions is important for appropriate management and monitoring of dental caries. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of laser fluorescence to detect demineralization and remineralization of smooth enamel surfaces. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 132 enamel blocks of semi-impacted human third molars were obtained; artificial caries lesions were induced and they were submitted to the pH-cycling process to create remineralization. Superficial microhardness (SMH) and laser fluorescence (LF) analysis were performed at baseline, after demineralization, and remineralization processes. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)-16 using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Paired samples t-test, and Pearson's correlation test. Results: There was a significant difference between SMH values at baseline, after demineralization and after remineralization. Also, a statistically significant difference was observed between LF values in these three stages. The LF values increased after demineralization and then decreased after remineralization, and the SMH values decreased after demineralization and increased after remineralization. There was an inverse relationship between SMH and LF only at baseline and after demineralization, but not after remineralization. Conclusion: The results showed that LF is an appropriate method for detection of demineralization in an in vitro condition in smooth enamel lesions, but it was not so efficient in the detection of remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrololoomi
- Department of Pedodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Yazd, Iran
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21
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Hallett KB. The application of caries risk assessment in minimum intervention dentistry. Aust Dent J 2013; 58 Suppl 1:26-34. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KB Hallett
- Department of Dentistry; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne; Victoria
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22
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Carounanidy U, Sathyanarayanan R. Dental caries: A complete changeover, PART III: Changeover in the treatment decisions and treatments. J Conserv Dent 2010; 13:209-17. [PMID: 21217948 PMCID: PMC3010025 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.73383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive management of dental caries should involve the management of disease as well as the lesion. Current decision making process in cariology is influenced by numerous factors such as the size/ depth/ activity of the carious lesion and age/ the caries risk status of the patient. Treatment decisions should involve planning the non-operative/ preventive treatment for non-cavitated or early cavitated lesions and also formulating operative treatment for cavitated lesions. Apart from these two responsibilities, a clinician should also be knowledgeable enough to decide when not to interfere in the caries dynamics and how frequently to recall the patient for follow-ups. The non-operative treatment prescriptions vary in dose, intensity and mode of delivery according to the caries risk status. Minimal invasion and maximal conservation of tooth structure has become the essence of current operative treatments. This part of the series elaborates on the paradigm shift in the management of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Carounanidy
- Department of Dentistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, Karnataka, India
| | - R Sathyanarayanan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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