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Kimura T, Sakata KI, Takezaki S, Asaka T, Oshima S, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Kitagawa Y. Orofacial Granulomatosis among Pediatric Patients Well Controlled by Corticosteroid Treatment: A Rare Case Series. Case Rep Pediatr 2024; 2024:5685686. [PMID: 38712012 PMCID: PMC11073851 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5685686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease entity characterized by nonnecrotizing granulomatous inflammation in the oral and maxillofacial regions, typically characterized by recurrent or persistent edema, primarily in the lips and occasionally in the gingiva. OFG is often associated with Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis, and an accurate diagnosis requires systemic examination of patients. Pediatric patients possess unique oral conditions where dental plaque rapidly forms, especially during tooth replacement due to tooth crowding. Moreover, controlling oral hygiene can be challenging, rendering it difficult to distinguish plaque-induced gingivitis from nonplaque-induced gingivitis. We elucidate the reports of pediatric patients who developed OFG in the lips and/or gingiva alone, which was well controlled through corticosteroid treatment. The patients demonstrated recurrent lips and/or gingival swelling with redness, which failed to improve despite oral health care and treatment with antibiotics and/or corticosteroid ointment. Incision biopsy was performed, which demonstrated granulomatous inflammation. Further systemic examination ruled out Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis and confirmed OFG diagnosis. Corticosteroid treatment orally or through gargling was administered to the patients, which provided improvement of symptoms after 1 month. As OFG may be associated with intractable diseases, monitoring the patient regularly is crucial. Pediatric patients with OFG require a collaborative approach with pediatricians and pediatric dentists to manage their oral and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kimura
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Sakata
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Takezaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takuya Asaka
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shohei Oshima
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Person, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Aya Yanagawa-Matsuda
- Department of Vascular Biology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
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Shetty N, Subramanyam RV, Srikanth G, Solomon MC. Orofacial granulomatosis: A case report and a proposal of a diagnostic algorithm for oral granulomatous lesions. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:346-350. [PMID: 34703131 PMCID: PMC8491324 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.325238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disorder with multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis affecting the orofacial region which appears usually as a persistent and/or recurrent swelling that may involve one or both the lips and/or recurrent ulcers along with other orofacial features. The diagnosis of OFG is challenging and it should be ruled out from other conditions characterized by granulomatous inflammation. This article describes a case of a 30-year-old female patient with upper lip swelling as the main manifestation without any systemic involvement and we have also laid down a proposal of a diagnostic algorithm for differential diagnoses and treatment modalities for OFG which could be helpful for the clinician and dentists alike to rule out other granulomatous disorders thus in effective management of OFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Shetty
- Department of oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - R Venkata Subramanyam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadicherla Srikanth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Monica Charlotte Solomon
- Department of oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Li Y, Du R, Cong B, Xu Y, Zhang W. A healing case of orofacial granulomatosis with no medication. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:e299-e301. [PMID: 33751557 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosal Disease, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosal Disease, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Beibei Cong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosal Disease, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Bansal S, Garg A, Khurana R, Bansal A. Primary orofacial granulomatous involvement of lip and gingiva only: A diagnostic challenge. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 24:575-578. [PMID: 33424177 PMCID: PMC7781253 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_18_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiesenfeld described orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) as a group of noncaseating granulomatous disorders affecting the different parts of the body including oral and maxillofacial region, which can have variable etiology. The involvement of oral and maxillofacial region can be exclusive or primary before the involvement of other organs. OFG is a multifactorial clinicopathologic disorder, and its clinical manifestation mimics the various systemic conditions making its diagnosis tough for a dentist. Delay in diagnosis and evaluation of OFG may cause indurated, swollen lips that may compromise cosmetic face value, speaking, and eating functions, and other possible systemic granulomatous disorders can be missed. Here, we present a case of OFG with tooth-associated infection without any recognizable systemic cause. This article presents the diagnostic challenges that a dentist may face in diagnosing such cases, and thus treatment planning should be of the multidisciplinary approach. Regular follow-up is very essential for proper care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Bansal
- Department of Periodontology, Jan Nayak Choudhary Devi lal Dental College and Hospital, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Arun Garg
- Department of Periodontology, Jan Nayak Choudhary Devi lal Dental College and Hospital, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Richa Khurana
- Department of Periodontology, Jan Nayak Choudhary Devi lal Dental College and Hospital, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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Zhang W, Wang J, Yu X, Wang W. Orofacial granulomatosis: A case report of three cases may be caused by apical periodontitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8102. [PMID: 28953630 PMCID: PMC5626273 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. The most common clinical presentation is persistent swelling of the soft tissues in the oral and maxillofacial regions. The precise cause of OFG is unknown. Corticosteroids are the first-line and best treatment, but there is lack of uniform treatment prescription and standard. It is important to identify the pathogen in order to improve treatment specificity. PATIENT CONCERNS Three patients presented with recurring lip swelling and cobblestone formation on buccal mucosa, complained of toothache or dental caries for many years. They had very similar and characteristic clinical signs, especially the corresponding location with infected teeth, which suffered from apical periodontitis. DIAGNOSES The three patients were all diagnosed with typical clinical signs and non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas histologically. INTERVENTIONS The teeth with apical periodontitis were extracted or treated and corticosteroids were prescribed locally or/and systematically. OUTCOMES A complete resolution of lip swelling and cobblestone formation were shown after treatment. LESSONS This is the first report to highlight that apical periodontitis may intrigue the pathogenesis of OFG, which suggested that dental infection may be the direct and initial etiology of OFG. Removal of infected teeth should be performed as soon as possible in order to reduce the dosage of corticosteroids and occcurence rate of OFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosal Diseases
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
| | - Xixi Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosal Diseases
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Malamos D, Scully C. Sore or Swollen Lips Part 3: Diagnosis and Treatment. DENTAL UPDATE 2017; 44:70-74. [PMID: 29172315 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2017.44.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This series of three papers reviews the causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and outlines the management of sore and/or swollen lips. Clinical relevance: Sore and/or swollen lips are not uncommon, often have a local cause but may reflect a systemic disease. The previous 2 papers in the series discussed their causes. This paper reviews their diagnosis and treatment.
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Joshipura V, Mahantesha S, Subbaiah SK, Lakkasetty YT. A rare case of primary orofacial granulomatosis of gingiva during pregnancy. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 19:408. [PMID: 26980981 PMCID: PMC4774306 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.174633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) comprises a group of diseases characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation affecting the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is important to establish the diagnosis accurately because this condition is sometimes a manifestation of many systemic conditions like Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis. The clinical outcome of OFG patients continues to be unpredictable. Current therapies remain unsatisfactory. This article reports a rare case of isolated OFG with langhans type giant cells and inflammatory infiltrate without any systemic involvement, in which the condition was a manifestation of pregnancy. The diagnostic approach to and the treatment of OFG are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi Joshipura
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Mahantesha
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Yogesh T Lakkasetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Bansal M, Singh N, Patne S, Singh SK. Orofacial granulomatosis affecting lip and gingiva in a 15-year-old patient: A rare case report. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:S94-6. [PMID: 25821385 PMCID: PMC4374329 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.152958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disorder affecting the orofacial region, and clinically characterized by diffuse, nontender, soft to firm, painless swelling restricted to one or both lips and intraoral sites such as tongue, gingiva and buccal mucosa. Histologically, OFG is characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. The early diagnosis of OFG is essential for the better prognosis of the lesion. Delay in diagnosis of OFG results into formation of indurated and permanent swelling of the lip that not only compromises esthetic appearance but also causes impairment in function such as speaking and eating. Early diagnosis of OFG is challenging to the health care professionals due to clinical and histological resemblance to other chronic granulomatous disorders. Thus, dentists may act as a first person to diagnose the lesion and play an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment of granulomatous disorders. Here, we present a case of OFG affecting lips and gingiva in a 15-year-old patient without any identifiable systemic or local causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bansal
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nootan Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashikant Patne
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Faculty of Modern Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Troiano G, Dioguardi M, Giannatempo G, Laino L, Testa NF, Cocchi R, De Lillo A, Lo Muzio L. Orofacial granulomatosis: clinical signs of different pathologies. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24:117-22. [PMID: 25592641 PMCID: PMC5588207 DOI: 10.1159/000369810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an uncommon disease characterized by persistent or recurrent soft tissue enlargement, oral ulceration and a variety of other orofacial features. It could be an oral manifestation of a systemic disease. For a correct differential diagnosis, local and systemic conditions characterized by granulomatous inflammation should be excluded using appropriate clinical and laboratory investigations. In fact, the diagnosis of OFG may be confirmed only by histopathological identification of noncaseating granulomas. The literature from 1943 to 2014 was reviewed with emphasis on the etiology of OFG and on clinical manifestations of systemic pathologies associated with OFG. The precise cause of OFG is still unknown, although several theories have been suggested, such as infection, hereditary factors and allergy. OFG is a disease that has a wide spectrum of presentation, which may include the oral manifestation of a systemic condition such as Crohn's disease, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giannatempo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cocchi
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Lillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
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Lakhani S, Barnett S, Tappuni AR, Rajakulasingam RK. Recurrent lip swelling: a diagnostic challenge. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-203018. [PMID: 25188924 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-203018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A Caucasian woman in her late 20s was referred to the allergy/chest clinic by her general practitioner with an 8-month history of recurrent facial angio-oedema. She had no history of urticaria or airways symptoms and denied any similar problems previously. She had no family history of similar illness and was not on any regular medications. There was no history of atopy. Initially, a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic angio-oedema was made. Despite being treated with several antihistamines with doses equivalent to 40 mg of cetirizine/day, her problem had failed to respond satisfactorily. Later on, she also revealed history of intermittent gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Routine investigations were unremarkable. The patient was referred to a dermatology clinic and a diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis was suggested: a rare granulomatous disease presenting with lip enlargement, which may or may not be associated with Crohn's disease. A biopsy of the oral mucosa was consistent with this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Lakhani
- Respiratory Department, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sheena Barnett
- Respiratory Department, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anwar R Tappuni
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Lazzerini M, Bramuzzo M, Ventura A. Association between orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn’s disease in children: Systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7497-7504. [PMID: 24966621 PMCID: PMC4064096 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To review pediatric cases of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG), report disease characteristics, and explore the association between OFG and Crohn’s disease.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched Medline, LILACS, Virtual Health Library, and Web of Knowledge in September 2013 for cases of OFG in the pediatric age range (< 18 years), with no language limitations. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. The manual search included references of retrieved articles. We extracted data on patients’ characteristics, disease characteristics, association with other diseases, and treatment. We analyzed the data and reported the results in tables and text.
RESULTS: We retrieved 173 reports of OFG in children. Mean age at onset was 11.1 ± 3.8 years (range: 2.0-18 years). Prevalence in males was significant higher than in females (P < 0.001), with a male:female ratio of 2:1. Gastrointestinal signs or symptoms were present in 26.0% of children at the time of OFG diagnosis. Overall, 70/173 (40.4%) children received a concomitant diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. In about half (51.4%) of the cases the onset of OFG anticipated the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, with a mean time between the two diagnoses of 13.1 ± 11.6 mo (range: 3-36 mo). Overall, 21/173 (12.1%) of the children with OFG had perianal disease, while 11/173 (6.4%) had a family history of Crohn’s disease. Both perianal disease and a family history of Crohn’s disease were significantly associated with a higher risk of Crohn’s disease diagnosis in children with OFG [relative risk (RR) = 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.46-3.90; RR = 2.74, 95%CI: 2.24-3.36, P < 0.0001 for both). Treatment of OFG included steroids (70.8% of children) and other immunosuppressive drugs (42.7%), such as azathioprine, thalidomide and infliximab.
CONCLUSION: High prevalence of Crohn’s disease in children with OFG suggests that OFG may be a subtype of Crohn’s disease.
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Simonsen AB, Deleuran M. Orofacial Granulomatosis in Children can be the Initial Manifestation of Systemic Disease: A Presentation of Two Cases. Dermatol Reports 2014; 6:5039. [PMID: 25386323 PMCID: PMC4223999 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2014.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial granulomatosis is a chronic granulomatous condition characterized by relapsing and remitting lip swelling and oral involvement that may include deep ulcers, tags and cobblestone formation. It occurs as an independent entity but also in conjunction with systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease. The clinical presentation is not indicative of concomitant systemic disease. To highlight the importance of thorough examination to rule out systemic disease, we present two childhood cases of orofacial granulomatosis, one of which was associated to Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mette Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
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Flores IL, Romo SA, Tejeda Nava FJ, Roger dos Santos Silva A, Vargas PA, Paes de Almeida O, Lopes MA. Oral presentation of 10 patients with Cowden syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:e301-10. [PMID: 24560406 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis that frequently affects several tissues with hamartomatous growth. The oral cavity is quite commonly involved with papillomatous lesions, which can be crucial to early diagnosis of this disease. In this series, 10 patients with a great diversity of manifestations associated with CS are presented, in whom oral papillomatosis was a constant and relevant finding to establish the diagnosis of CS. The role of the dentist in recognizing the oral lesions, the other diagnostic criteria, the risk for the development of malignancies, and the importance of lifetime follow-up are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Luana Flores
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saray Aranda Romo
- Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Alan Roger dos Santos Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tadić D, Đajić V, Miljković S, Nazalević M, Popović L. Melkersson-Rosenthal sindrom. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2014. [DOI: 10.5937/scrimed1402083t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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