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Ghojoghi A, Khodavaisy S, Mahmoudabadi AZ, Nazar E, Fatahinia M. Exploring the diversity of uncommon oral yeast species and associated risk factors among substance abusers in southwestern Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1906. [PMID: 38253731 PMCID: PMC10803760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast species are a group of coexistent microorganisms in the oral cavity that can cause opportunistic infections in vulnerable individuals, including addicts. This study aimed to identify the yeast species profile responsible for oral yeast colonization (OYC) and the associated risk factors in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) in Ahvaz, Iran. Oral samples were collected from drug users hospitalized in 12 addiction treatment centers, and the related clinical information was mined. Oral yeast species were identified using 21-plex PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). A total of 244 yeast strains were identified from 245 individuals with substance abuse. Candida albicans was the most common species (37.7%) and non-albicans Candida was responsible for 57.7% of OYC, primarily C. dubliniensis (33.2%) and C. glabrata (11.9%). Moreover, uncommon oral yeasts constituted 5.3% of species, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Pichia kluyveri, Geotrichum candidum, Magnusiomyces capitatus, Hanseniospora opuntiae, Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus, Trichosporon asahii, and Aureobasidium pullulans. Importantly, OYC exhibited associations with such factors as duration of drug use, daily drug consumption rate, opioid utilization, oral drug administration, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) score. The present study is the pioneering investigation revealing the prevalence and diversity of oral yeast species, along with associated risk factors, in individuals with SUD in southwestern Iran. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of developing efficient and cost-effective diagnostic methods tailored for resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Ghojoghi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Eisa Nazar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Fatahinia
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Asare KK, Bentil HA, Gyesi E, Amoah S, Bentsi-Enchill F, Opoku YK. Candidiasis profile at the outpatient department of the university of cape coast hospital in the central region of Ghana: a retrospective study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:101. [PMID: 36899343 PMCID: PMC9999660 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a public health problem with an estimated 138 million women globally experiencing recurrent VVC annually. The microscopic diagnosis of VVC has low sensitivity, but it remains an essential tool for diagnosis as the microbiological culture methods are limited to advanced clinical microbiology laboratories in developing countries. The study retrospectively analyzed the presence of red blood cells (RBCs), epithelial cells (ECs), pus cells (PCs) and Candida albicans positive in wet mount preparation of urine or high vaginal swabs (HVS) samples to test for their sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of candidiasis. METHODS The study is a retrospective analysis at the Outpatient Department of the University of Cape Coast between 2013 and 2020. All urine and high vagina swabs (HVS) cultures samples using Sabourauds dextrose agar with wet mount data were analyzed. 2 × 2 contingency diagnostic test was used to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of red blood cells (RBCs), epithelial cells (ECs), pus cells (PCs), and Candida albicans positive in wet mount preparation of urine or high vaginal swabs (HVS) samples for the diagnosis of candidiasis. The association of candidiasis among patients' demographics was analyzed using relative risk (RR) analysis. RESULTS The high prevalence of candida infection was among female subjects 97.1% (831/856) compared to males 2.9% (25/856). The microscopic profiles which characterized candida infection were pus cells 96.4% (825/856), epithelial cells 98.7% (845/856), red blood cells (RBCs) 7.6% (65/856) and Candida albicans positive 63.2% (541/856). There was a lower risk of Candida infections among male patients compared to female patients RR (95% CI) = 0.061 (0.041-0.088). The sensitivity (95%) for detecting Candida albicans positive and red blood cells (0.62 (0.59-0.65)), Candida albicans positive and pus cells (0.75 (0.72-0.78)) and Candida albicans positive and epithelial cells (0.95 (0.92-0.96)) with corresponding specificity (95% CI) of 0.63 (0.60-0.67), 0.69 (0.66-0.72) and 0.74 (0.71-0.76) were detected among the high vaginal swab samples. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study has shown that the presence of PCs, ECs, RBCs or ratio of RBCs/ECs and RBCs/PCs in the wet mount preparation from urine or HVS can enhance microscopic diagnosis of VVC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Kumi Asare
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. .,Biomedical and Clinical Research Centre, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Hilda Amuaku Bentil
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Gyesi
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Department of Laboratory, University of Cape Coast Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Felicity Bentsi-Enchill
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
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Aboutalebian S, Mahmoudi S, Charsizadeh A, Nikmanesh B, Hosseini M, Mirhendi H. Multiplex size marker (YEAST PLEX) for rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic yeasts. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24370. [PMID: 35318737 PMCID: PMC9102616 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple yeast species can cause human disease, involving superficial to deep‐seated infections. Treatment of these infections depends on the accurate identification of causative agents; however, reliable methods are not available in many laboratories, especially not in resource‐limited settings. Here, a new multiplex assay for rapid and low‐cost identification of pathogenic yeasts is described. Methods A two‐step multiplex assay named YEAST PLEX that comprises of four tubes and identifies 17 clinically important common to rare yeasts was designed and evaluated. The set also provides PCR amplicon of unidentified species for direct sequencing. The specificity of YEAST PLEX was tested using 28 reference strains belonging to 17 species and 101 DNA samples of clinically important non‐target bacteria, parasites, and fungi as well as human genomic DNA. The method was further analyzed using 203 previously identified and 89 unknown clinical yeast isolates. Moreover, the method was tested for its ability to identify mixed yeast colonies by using 18 mixed suspensions of two or three species. Results YEAST PLEX was able to identify all the target species without any non‐specific PCR products. When compared to PCR‐sequencing/MALDI‐TOF, the results of YEAST PLEX were in 100% agreement. Regarding the 89 unknown clinical isolates, random isolates were selected and subjected to PCR‐sequencing. The results of sequencing were in agreement with those of YEAST PLEX. Furthermore, this method was able to correctly identify all yeasts in mixed suspensions. Conclusion YEAST PLEX is an accurate, low‐cost, and rapid method for identification of yeasts, with applicability, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Mahmoudi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Charsizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Hosseini
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sá NPD, Barros PPD, Junqueira JC, Valério AD, Lino CI, Oliveira RBD, Rosa CA, Johann S. Antivirulence activity and in vivo efficacy of a thiazole derivative against candidiasis. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101134. [PMID: 33862540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a pathogen equipped with a variety of commensal and virulence traits that help it colonize the microbiota and invade host tissue during infection. In this study, we investigated the potential anticandidal activity of 3-[2-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazino)]butan-1-ol (MT), a thiazolylhydrazone compound synthesized by our group, and identified it as a promising antifungal agent. The activity of MT was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against C. albicans as well as its ability to inhibit virulence factors. For this, the ability of MT to inhibit the adhesion of C. albicans to human buccal epithelial cells and biofilm formation and filamentation was tested. In addition, the potential in vivo activity of MT was evaluated in murine models of oral candidiasis. Our results confirmed the antifungal activity of MT, with a minimal inhibitory concentration range of 0.5-2 µg/mL. Indeed, MT treatment in vitro decreased the expression of C. albicans genes involved in biofilm formation and morphogenesis and encoding hydrolytic enzymes, which was also confirmed through phenotypic observations. In addition, MT promoted a decrease in the colony forming units recovered from the tongues of mice with oral candidiasis. In this work, we present a potent antivirulence compound that shows potential for candidiasis therapy, especially for topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nívea Pereira de Sá
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, PO Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nursing, University of Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Dias Valério
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, PO Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cleudiomar Inácio Lino
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, PO Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Johann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, PO Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Dąbrowska M, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Kwiatkowski P, Łopusiewicz Ł, Pruss A, Kostek M, Kochan E, Sienkiewicz M. Inhibitory Effect of Eugenol and trans-Anethole Alone and in Combination with Antifungal Medicines on Candida albicans Clinical Isolates. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000843. [PMID: 33711200 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common pathogens among yeasts is Candida albicans, which presents a serious health threat. The study aimed to check the antifungal properties of trans-anethole and eugenol with selected antifungal medicines (AMs) against C. albicans clinical isolates. The checkerboard method was used to tests of interactions between these compounds. Achieved results indicated that eugenol showed synergistic and additive activities with miconazole and econazole against investigated clinical isolates, respectively. Moreover, the combination - trans-anethole - miconazole also showed an additive effect against two clinical isolate. We tried to relate the results to changes in C. albicans cell sheaths under the influence of essential oils compounds (EOCs) performing the Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis to confirm the presence of particular chemical moieties in C. albicans cells. Nevertheless, no strong relationships was observed between synergistic and additive actions of used EOC-AMs combinations and chemical moieties in C. albicans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dąbrowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Zielińska-Bliźniewska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Pruss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Avenue, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kostek
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kochan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151, Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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Comparison of PCR-RFLP with 21-plex PCR and rDNA Sequencing for Identification of Clinical Yeast Isolates. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:213-220. [PMID: 33398667 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-albicans Candida species and other rare yeasts have emerged as major opportunistic pathogens in fungal infections. Identification of opportunistic yeasts in developing countries is mainly performed by phenotypic assay, which are time-consuming and prone to errors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate PCR-RFLP as a routinely used identification technique for the most clinically important Candida species in Iran and make a comparison with a novel multiplex PCR, called 21-plex PCR. One hundred and seventy-three yeast isolates from clinical sources were selected and identified with sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of rDNA (LSU rDNA) sequencing as the gold standard method. The results were compared with those obtained by PCR-RFLP using MspI restriction enzyme and the 21-plex PCR. PCR-RFLP correctly identified 93.4% of common pathogenic Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and P. kudriavsevii (= C. krusei)) and was able to identify 45.5% of isolates of the uncommon yeast species compared to the D1/D2 rDNA sequencing. Compared with PCR-RFLP, all common Candida species and 72.7% of uncommon yeast species were correctly identified by the 21-plex PCR. The application of the 21-plex PCR assay as a non-sequence-based molecular method for the identification of common and rare yeasts can reduce turnaround time and costs for the identification of clinically important yeasts and can be applied in resource-limited settings.
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Arastehfar A, Daneshnia F, Farahyar S, Fang W, Salimi M, Salehi M, Hagen F, Weihua P, Roudbary M, Boekhout T. Incidence and spectrum of yeast species isolated from the oral cavity of Iranian patients suffering from hematological malignancies. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1601061. [PMID: 31044032 PMCID: PMC6484487 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1601061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral candidiasis (OC) has a profound effect on the life quality of immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing chemotherapy. Objective: Systematic investigation of clinical outcome and microbiological features of yeast isolates recovered from the oral cavity of 150 Iranian patients with hematological malignancies. Design: MALDI-TOF MS, 21-plex PCR, and rDNA sequencing were used for identification. Antifungal susceptibility testing (broth microdilution, CLSI M27-A3/S4) and genotypic diversity of yeast isolates (amplified fragment length polymorphism) were assessed. Results: Nystatin treatment resulted in 70% therapeutic failure and administration of 150 mg fluconazole (FLZ) + nystatin for patients with OC relapse showed 70% clinical failure. Previous history of OC was significantly correlated with FLZ treatment requirement and nystatin failure (P = 0.005, α < 0.05). Candida albicans (80.3%) and Kluyveromyces marxianus (C. kefyr) (12.7%) were the two most prevalent yeast species isolated. FLZ and AMB exhibited the highest geometric mean values. 21-PCR showed 98.9% agreement with MALDI-TOF MS. K. marxianus isolates had the same genotype, while C. albicans isolates grouped in 15 genotypes. Conclusions: Marked rate of therapeutic failure of nystatin necessitated OC treatment with systemic antifungals. K. marxianus was the second most prevalent yeast and 21-plex PCR could be considered as an inexpensive identification tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arastehfar
- Department of Yeasts , Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Farnaz Daneshnia
- Department of Yeasts , Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Shirin Farahyar
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center (MBiRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Department of infectious diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Yeasts , Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pan Weihua
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Department of Yeasts , Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Arastehfar A, Fang W, Pan W, Lackner M, Liao W, Badiee P, Zomorodian K, Badali H, Hagen F, Lass-Flörl C, Boekhout T. YEAST PANEL multiplex PCR for identification of clinically important yeast species: stepwise diagnostic strategy, useful for developing countries. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 93:112-119. [PMID: 30377018 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of opportunistic yeasts in developing countries is mainly performed by phenotypic assays, which are time-consuming and prone to errors. Wrong species identification may result in suboptimal treatment and inaccurate epidemiological data. To improve rapidity and accuracy of species identification, a diagnostic strategy using a stepwise "YEAST PANEL multiplex PCR assays" targeting 21 clinically important yeast species of Candida, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, and Geotrichum was designed. Four hundred CBS reference strains were used for optimization and specificity testing. Eight hundred clinical species were prepared in blinded sets for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrophotometry (MALDI-TOF MS) investigation. Results obtained from YEAST PANEL multiplex PCR assay were 100% consistent with those of MALDI-TOF MS. Utilization of pure colony testing showed distinct amplicons for each species, thus eliminating the need for DNA extraction. The targeted yeast species of this assay are responsible for 95% of the yeast infections. In conclusion, due to the high accuracy and coverage of a broad range of yeasts, this assay could be useful for identification in routine laboratories and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arastehfar
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Michaela Lackner
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Parisa Badiee
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, and Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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