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Manyawi M, Mozirandi WY, Tagwireyi D, Mukanganyama S. Fractionation and Antibacterial Evaluation of the Surface Compounds from the Leaves of Combretum zeyheri on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:2322068. [PMID: 37520845 PMCID: PMC10382245 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2322068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Combretum zeyheri is traditionally used for the treatment of many infections, including bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to fractionate and evaluate antibacterial activity of the crude extract of C. zeyheri, as well as the surface compounds from the leaves of C. zeyheri, in two pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activities of fractions obtained from chromatographic separations were determined using broth microdilution assay on the laboratory and clinical strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The fractionation of the compounds on the leaf surface yielded 262 fractions. The fractionated compounds with similar TLC profiles were pooled together to yield 47 pools. The extract and pooled fractions CZSC151154, CZSC155160, and CZSC209213 showed significant antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 12.5 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml. The clinical strain of S. aureus had MIC greater than 100 μg/ml for CZSC151154 and CZSC155160. The minimum bactericidal concentration values for these fractions were also in the range of 12.5 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml. The extract and fractions CZSC151154, CZSC155160, and CZSC209213 showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of growth in S. aureus. Analyses of the CZSC209213 pool by LC-MS showed the presence of nine compounds which are (3R,7R)-1,3,7-octanetriol, (-)-tortuosamine, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 1-piperidinecarboxaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol 3-glucoside, hydroxy-isocaproic acid, oleamide, palmitic amide, phytospingosine, and sphinganine. In conclusion, C. zeyheri leaf surface compounds exhibited antibacterial activity. The crude extract and the pooled fractions showed concentration-dependent inhibition of growth on S. aureus. Results from this study indicate the potential of C. zeyheri as a source of lead compounds that may be further developed into antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Manyawi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Winnie Yevai Mozirandi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Dexter Tagwireyi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Stanley Mukanganyama
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Parusnath M, Naidoo Y, Singh M, Kianersi F, Dewir YH. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Leaf and Stem Extracts of Combretum molle (R. Br. ex G. Don.) Engl. & Diels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091757. [PMID: 37176814 PMCID: PMC10180969 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants offer reasonable and accessible alternatives to synthetic drugs and are often devoid of the adverse side effects, toxicity, and pathogenic resistance associated with synthetic medicine. Combretum molle has been utilized in African traditional medicinal practices and purportedly contains bioactive compounds with medicinally beneficial effects. This study investigated the hexane, chloroform, and methanol leaf and stem extracts for their antioxidant properties using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The study additionally analyzed the methanol extracts for their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) bacteria using agar well diffusion. Relative to the scavenging activity of the ascorbic acid control (79.15 ± 0.63% at 15 µg/mL to 94.61 ± 0.12% at 240 µg/mL), the plant's radical scavenging activities were exceptionally high in the methanolic leaf and stem extracts (p < 0.05), ranging from 94.58 ± 1.10% at 15 µg/mL to 99.22 ± 0.30% at 240 µg/mL and 91.57 ± 1.71% at 15 µg/mL to 99.60 ± 0.20% at 240 µg/mL, respectively, suggesting a strong capacity to donate hydrogen ions. High scavenging activities were additionally observed in the chloroform stem (78.68 ± 1.18% at 15 µg/mL to 98.14 ± 1.22% at 240 µg/mL) and hexane leaf (72.12 ± 4.38% at 15 µg/mL to 89.87 ± 1.50% at 240 µg/mL) extracts (p < 0.05). All extracts exhibited poor ferric-reducing abilities in relation to the gallic acid control (100 ± 0.00%) at all concentrations (p < 0.05). The leaf and stem extracts exhibited broad-spectrum antibiotic capabilities against both tested strains, with significant activity at higher concentrations (p < 0.05). Overall, both the leaf and stem extracts of C. molle exhibited similar antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These findings warrant further pharmacological research on C. molle for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myuri Parusnath
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Farzad Kianersi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Vlad IM, Nuță DC, Ancuceanu RV, Costea T, Coanda M, Popa M, Marutescu LG, Zarafu I, Ionita P, Pirvu CED, Bleotu C, Chifiriuc MC, Limban C. Insights into the Microbicidal, Antibiofilm, Antioxidant and Toxicity Profile of New O-Aryl-Carbamoyl-Oxymino-Fluorene Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087020. [PMID: 37108183 PMCID: PMC10138554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented increase in microbial resistance rates to all current drugs raises an acute need for the design of more effective antimicrobial strategies. Moreover, the importance of oxidative stress due to chronic inflammation in infections with resistant bacteria represents a key factor for the development of new antibacterial agents with potential antioxidant effects. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bioevaluate new O-aryl-carbamoyl-oxymino-fluorene derivatives for their potential use against infectious diseases. With this aim, their antimicrobial effect was evaluated using quantitative assays (minimum inhibitory/bactericidal/biofilms inhibitory concentrations) (MIC/MBC/MBIC), the obtained values being 0.156-10/0.312-10/0.009-1.25 mg/mL), while some of the involved mechanisms (i.e., membrane depolarization) were investigated by flow cytometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by studying the scavenger capacity of DPPH and ABTS•+ radicals and the toxicity was tested in vitro on three cell lines and in vivo on the crustacean Artemia franciscana Kellog. The four compounds derived from 9H-fluoren-9-one oxime proved to exhibit promising antimicrobial features and particularly, a significant antibiofilm activity. The presence of chlorine induced an electron-withdrawing effect, favoring the anti-Staphylococcus aureus and that of the methyl group exhibited a +I effect of enhancing the anti-Candida albicans activity. The IC50 values calculated in the two toxicity assays revealed similar values and the potential of these compounds to inhibit the proliferation of tumoral cells. Taken together, all these data demonstrate the potential of the tested compounds to be further used for the development of novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Margareta Vlad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Camelia Nuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robert Viorel Ancuceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 TraianVuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Costea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Coanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Gabriela Marutescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Zarafu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petre Ionita
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Dinu Pirvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
- Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 285 Mihai Bravu Avenue, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Limban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Ethnopharmacology, Antimicrobial Potency, and Phytochemistry of African Combretum and Pteleopsis Species (Combretaceae): A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020264. [PMID: 36830175 PMCID: PMC9951921 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal resistance to antibiotics is of growing global concern. Plants such as the African Combretum and Pteleopsis species, which are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infections, could be good sources for antimicrobial extracts, drug scaffolds, and/or antibiotic adjuvants. In African countries, plant species are often used in combinations as traditional remedies. It is suggested that the plant species enhance the effects of each other in these combination treatments. Thus, the multi-species-containing herbal medications could have a good antimicrobial potency. In addition, plant extracts and compounds are known to potentiate the effects of antibiotics. The objective of this review is to compile the information on the botany, ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, and appearance in herbal markets of African species of the genera Combretum and Pteleopsis. With this ethnobotanical information as a background, this review summarizes the information on the phytochemistry and antimicrobial potency of the extracts and their active compounds, as well as their combination effects with conventional antibiotics. The databases used for the literature search were Scopus, Elsevier, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder. In summary, a number of Combretum and Pteleopsis species were reported to display significant in vitro antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Tannins, terpenes, flavonoids, stilbenes, and alkaloids-some of them with good antimicrobial potential-are known from species of the genera Combretum and Pteleopsis. Among the most potent antimicrobial compounds are arjunglucoside I (MIC 1.9 µg/mL) and imberbic acid (MIC 1.56 µg/mL), found in both genera and in some Combretum species, respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of the extracts and compounds of many Combretum and Pteleopsis species support their traditional medicinal uses.
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Anokwuru CP, Chen W, van Vuuren S, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM. Bioautography-guided HPTLC-MS as a rapid hyphenated technique for the identification of antimicrobial compounds from selected South African Combretaceae species. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:1177-1189. [PMID: 35949064 PMCID: PMC10087861 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many species within Combretaceae are traditionally used for the treatment of bacterial infections. The similarity in chemistry and antimicrobial activities within the family pose a challenge in selecting suitable species for herbal drug development. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at rapidly identifying antimicrobial compounds using bioautography-guided high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPTLC-MS). METHODS Hierarchical cluster analysis of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data from the methanol extracts of 77 samples, representing four genera within Combretaceae, was carried out. Based on groupings on the dendrogram, 15 samples were selected for bioautography analysis against four pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). Active compounds were identified using HPTLC-MS analysis of bands corresponding to the inhibition zones. RESULTS Bioautography revealed 15 inhibition zones against the four pathogens, with the most prominent present for Combretum imberbe. Analysis of the active bands, using HPTLC-MS indicated that flavonoids, triterpenoids and combretastatin B5 contributed to the antibacterial activity. The compounds corresponding to molecular ions m/z 471 (Combretum imberbe) and 499 (Combretum elaeagnoides) inhibited all four pathogens, and were identified as imberbic acid and jessic acid, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that arjunic acid, ursolic acid and an unidentified triterpenoid (m/z 471) were ubiquitous in the Combretaceae species and could be responsible for their antibacterial activities. CONCLUSION Application of HPTLC-MS enabled the rapid screening of extracts to identify active compounds within taxonomically related species. This approach allows for greater efficiency in the natural product research workflow to identify bioactive compounds in crude extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu P. Anokwuru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceTshwane University of TechnologyPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Weiyang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceTshwane University of TechnologyPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Sandy van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandParktownSouth Africa
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceTshwane University of TechnologyPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceTshwane University of TechnologyPretoriaSouth Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drug Research Unit, Faculty of ScienceTshwane University of TechnologyPretoriaSouth Africa
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Mwamatope B, Tembo D, Chikowe I, Maliwichi-Nyirenda C, Kampira E, Masumbu FF. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used for Management of Cancer in Karonga District, Northern Malawi. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1622-1631. [PMID: 34238201 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210708122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Malawi, cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This has led to increased use of herbal medicines for cancer management. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at identifying medicinal plants that are used for the management of cancer in the southern area of Karonga district, Northern Malawi. METHODS Semi-structured individual questionnaire interviews were used to collect ethnobotanical data from traditional herbal practitioners in the study area. RESULTS A total of twenty-six (26) plant species from seventeen (17) botanical families were reported by Traditional Herbal Practitioners to be effective in the management of cancer. The botanical families with the representation of more than one plant species were Fabaceae with five species, followed by Combretaceae and Anacardiaceae with tree species each and Meliaceaewith two species. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) showed that Senna singueana (RFC = 0.833), Lannea discolour (RFC = 0.833), Melia azedarach (RFC = 0.667), and Moringa oleifera (RFC = 0.667) were the medicinal plant species that were frequently mentioned and used in the study. The recipes could be a mixture of plant species or plant parts such as the leaves, barks, roots, rhizomes, seeds, flowers, and fruits. CONCLUSION The study showed that a potential cancer management drug could be developed from the medicinal plant species found in the area. The results of this study could provide baseline information on medicinal plant species for further phytochemical studies and other studies to validate their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Tembo
- Physics and Biochemical Sciences Department, The Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
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Antibacterial Activity and Time-kill Assay of Terminalia catappa L. and Nigella sativa L. against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current investigation aims to test the susceptibility of human pathogenic clinical isolates and MTCC strains to leaf and seed extracts of Terminalia catappa and Nigella sativa. Disc diffusion assay, micro dilution assay and minimum Bactericidal Concentration investigated the susceptibility of bacteria to the test extracts. The active extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, separation of the phytochemicals by Thin Layer Chromatography, bioactivity guided assay and Time- kill assay. Acetone and methanol extracts of T.catappa revealed, significant inhibition of clinical origin Staphylococcus aureus followed by Proteus vulgaris and the MTCC strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Nigella sativa inhibited the growth of clinical origin Staph.aureus and MTCC strain of Staph.aureus, Salmonella typhi and B.subtilis. Minimum inhibitory concentration for all the test bacteria was reported in the range of 5000μg/ml to 9 μg/ml in T. catappa extract. Most sensitive being the clinical isolate Staph. aureus and Proteus vulgaris. The bactericidal concentration for the test bacteria was found to be between 5000μg/ml and 625μg/ml. Phyto-chemical analysis of leaf extracts of T. catappa found to have dominated by polyphenols (Terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, flavones, saponins and tannins) and N.sativa extracts recorded the presence of alkaloids, proteins and oils and fats. TLC profiling of the acetone extract revealed many antibacterial active bands. Bands having Retention factor 0.47 and 0.52 were active against the test bacteria. Time kill assay of the acetone extract of T. catappa were carried out for the first time. The extract exhibited dose dependent bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against the clinical isolates.
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Dewi AP, Mardhiyani D. Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Liquid Soap Containing Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Leaves Extract. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v4i1.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) is traditionally used by the community to treat infections of the skin caused by bacteria or fungi. In this study, T. catappa leaves extract was added to the liquid soap formula as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained in T. catappa leaves extract, physical evaluation of the preparation, and antibacterial activity of liquid soap. Liquid soap formula is made with various concentrations of T. catappa leaves extract F0 (0%), F1 (1%), F2 (2%), and F3 (3%). The resulting soap was evaluated for organoleptic, pH, high foam, homogeneity, irritation, and its activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the T. catappa leaves extract contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. The liquid soap formula F0 is clear, while F1, F2, and F3 have the characteristics of brown-dark brown, homogeneous, pH between 4.6-5.2, foam stability between 67-72%, which is not significantly different and stable after five minutes of testing, and it does not irritate the skin. Terminalia catappa leaves extracts liquid soap has antibacterial activity at a concentration of 1%, 2%, and 3%, with the largest inhibition zone diameter produced by S. aureus.
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Cock IE, Van Vuuren SF. The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113204. [PMID: 32730881 PMCID: PMC7383173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Multiple plant species were used traditionally in southern Africa to treat bacterial respiratory diseases. This review summarises this usage and highlights plant species that are yet to be verified for these activities. AIM OF THE STUDY This manuscript reviews the traditional usage of southern African plant species to treat bacterial respiratory diseases with the aim of highlighting gaps in the literature and focusing future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive review of ethnobotanical books, reviews and primary scientific studies was undertaken to identify southern African plants which are used in traditional southern African medicine to treat bacterial respiratory diseases. We also searched for southern African plants whose inhibitory activity against bacterial respiratory pathogens has been conmfirmed, to highlight gaps in the literature and focus future studies. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-seven southern African plant species are recorded as traditional therapies for bacterial respiratory infections. Scientific evaluations of 178 plant species were recorded, although only 42 of these were selected for screening on the basis of their ethnobotanical uses. Therefore, the potential of 146 species used teraditionally to treat bacterial respiratory diseases are yet to be verified. CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory properties of southern African medicinal plants against bacterial respiratory pathogens is relatively poorly explored and the antibacterial activity of most plant species remains to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Sandy F Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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Metabolite profiling, arginase inhibition and vasorelaxant activity of Cornus mas, Sorbus aucuparia and Viburnum opulus fruit extracts. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110764. [PMID: 31437471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Cornus mas, Sorbus aucuparia and Viburnum opulus fruit extracts on arginase activity and arterial vasodilation. V. opulus fruit extract exerted the highest vasorelaxant activity in phenylephrine precontracted rat aortic rings (EC50 = 6.31 ± 1.61 μg/mL) and a significant inhibition of arginase (IC50 = 71.02 ± 3.06 μg/mL). By contrast, S. aucuparia and C. mas fruit extracts showed no important anti-arginase activity and a significantly weaker activity in the rat aortic rings relaxation assay (EC50 = 100.9 ± 11.63 and 78.52 ± 8.59 μg/mL, respectively). For all extracts, the main mechanism of vasodilation was proven to be endothelium-dependent. HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS studies revealed a very complex metabolite profiling in all three extracts with chlorogenic acid accounting for 30.89, 0.72 and 2.03 mg/g in V. opulus, C. mas and S. aucuparia fruit extracts, respectively. All extracts were declared non-toxic in the brine shrimp acute toxicity test. Our study highlights potential benefits of V. opulus fruit extract in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasodilation.
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Endophytic Fungi from Terminalia Species: A Comprehensive Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5020043. [PMID: 31137730 PMCID: PMC6616413 DOI: 10.3390/jof5020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have proven their usefulness for drug discovery, as suggested by the structural complexity and chemical diversity of their secondary metabolites. The diversity and biological activities of endophytic fungi from the Terminalia species have been reported. Therefore, we set out to discuss the influence of seasons, locations, and even the plant species on the diversity of endophytic fungi, as well as their biological activities and secondary metabolites isolated from potent strains. Our investigation reveals that among the 200-250 Terminalia species reported, only thirteen species have been studied so far for their endophytic fungi content. Overall, more than 47 fungi genera have been reported from the Terminalia species, and metabolites produced by some of these fungi exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anticancer, and biocontrol varieties. Moreover, more than 40 compounds with eighteen newly described secondary metabolites were reported; among these, metabolites are the well-known anticancer drugs, a group that includes taxol, antioxidant compounds, isopestacin, and pestacin. This summary of data illustrates the considerable diversity and biological potential of fungal endophytes of the Terminalia species and gives insight into important findings while paving the way for future investigations.
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Isabel M, Jossias AD, Maria JS, Natasha R, Isabel. Woody species from the Mozambican Miombo woodlands: A review on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2017.6540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Van Vuuren S, Holl D. Antimicrobial natural product research: A review from a South African perspective for the years 2009-2016. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:236-252. [PMID: 28694104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This review provides information on the antimicrobial research which has taken place on South African natural products for the last eight years (2009-2016). This important field is the backbone of all studies involving the use of medicinal plants against infectious diseases and hence can form the mainstay for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS All publications within the years 2009-2016 were considered. Exclusion criteria were studies not involving South African medicinal natural products and those publications where full articles could not be accessed. An overview of the most common experimental methods used and new advances in terms of antimicrobial investigations are provided. Disease categories selected for further investigation were skin and wounds, respiratory, gastrointestinal, sexually transmitted and ophthalmic infections amongst others. Alternate natural products and combinations studies were also included. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the most commonly used experimental method to determine antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly tested skin pathogen and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen implicated in respiratory disorders. Only 20% of gastrointestinal studies included commonly implicated pathogens such as Shigella flexneri and Campylobacter species. CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary studies have emerged as a strong support for antimicrobial investigations and show the importance of including toxicity when studying antimicrobial efficacy. Alternate approaches (for example biofilms and quorum sensing) at examining antimicrobial effects are encouraged. Studies on resistant strains require more insight and future recommendations should look at consistent dosing and investigations on compound interactions amongst others.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
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Gupta D, Dubey J, Kumar M. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against selected common human pathogenic microorganisms. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cock IE. The medicinal properties and phytochemistry of plants of the genus Terminalia (Combretaceae). Inflammopharmacology 2015; 23:203-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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