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Salem HA, Abu-Elfotuh K, Alzahrani S, Rizk NI, Ali HS, Elsherbiny N, Aljohani A, Hamdan AME, Chellasamy P, Abdou NS, Gowifel AMH, Darwish A, Ibrahim OM, Abd Elmageed ZY. Punicalagin's Protective Effects on Parkinson's Progression in Socially Isolated and Socialized Rats: Insights into Multifaceted Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2420. [PMID: 37896179 PMCID: PMC10610313 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradual deterioration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor impairments. Social isolation (SI), a recognized stressor, has recently gained attention as a potential influencing factor in the progress of neurodegenerative illnesses. We aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between SI and PD progression, both independently and in the presence of manganese chloride (MnCl2), while evaluating the punicalagin (PUN) therapeutic effects, a natural compound established for its cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. In this five-week experiment, seven groups of male albino rats were organized: G1 (normal control), G2 (SI), G3 (MnCl2), G4 (SI + MnCl2), G5 (SI + PUN), G6 (MnCl2 + PUN), and G7 (SI + PUN + MnCl2). The results revealed significant changes in behavior, biochemistry, and histopathology in rats exposed to SI and/or MnCl2, with the most pronounced effects detected in the SI rats concurrently exposed to MnCl2. These effects were associated with augmented oxidative stress biomarkers and reduced antioxidant activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Additionally, inflammatory pathways (HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-ᴋB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 and JAK-2/STAT-3) were upregulated, while dysregulation of signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB), sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress by activation PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2, and impaired autophagy (AMPK/SIRT-1/Beclin-1 axis) were observed. Apoptosis induction and a decrease in monoamine levels were also noted. Remarkably, treatment with PUN effectively alleviated behaviour, histopathological changes, and biochemical alterations induced by SI and/or MnCl2. These findings emphasize the role of SI in PD progress and propose PUN as a potential therapeutic intervention to mitigate PD. PUN's mechanisms of action involve modulation of pathways such as HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-ᴋB/NLRP3/Caspase-1, JAK-2/STAT-3, PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB, AMPK/SIRT-1, Nrf2/HO-1, and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Sharifa Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nermin I. Rizk
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt;
| | - Howaida S. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Alhanouf Aljohani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. E. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Nada S. Abdou
- Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza 11556, Egypt;
| | - Ayah M. H. Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt;
| | - Alshaymaa Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71203, USA;
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Trebesova H, Orlandi V, Boggia R, Grilli M. Anxiety and Metabolic Disorders: The Role of Botanicals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1037-1053. [PMID: 36826013 PMCID: PMC9954866 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and anxiety-related disorders are becoming more evident every day, affecting an increasing number of people around the world. Metabolic disorders are often associated with anxiety. Furthermore, anxiety branches into metabolic disorders by playing multiple roles as a cofactor, symptom, and comorbidity. Taken together, these considerations open the possibility of integrating the therapy of metabolic disorders with specific drugs for anxiety control. However, anxiolytic compounds often cause disabling effects in patients. The main goal could be to combine therapeutic protocols with compounds capable of reducing side effects while performing multiple beneficial effects. In this article we propose a group of bioactive ingredients called botanicals as a healthy supplement for the treatment of metabolic disorders related to anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Trebesova
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Boggia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 16148 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-520-21
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Shandilya A, Mehan S, Kumar S, Sethi P, Narula AS, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Alasmari AF. Activation of IGF-1/GLP-1 Signalling via 4-Hydroxyisoleucine Prevents Motor Neuron Impairments in Experimental ALS-Rats Exposed to Methylmercury-Induced Neurotoxicity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123878. [PMID: 35745001 PMCID: PMC9228431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe adult motor neuron disease that causes progressive neuromuscular atrophy, muscle wasting, weakness, and depressive-like symptoms. Our previous research suggests that mercury levels are directly associated with ALS progression. MeHg+-induced ALS is characterised by oligodendrocyte destruction, myelin basic protein (MBP) depletion, and white matter degeneration, leading to demyelination and motor neuron death. The selection of MeHg+ as a potential neurotoxicant is based on our evidence that it has been connected to the development of ALS-like characteristics. It causes glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, calcium-dependent neurotoxicity, and an ALS-like phenotype. Dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signalling has been associated with ALS progression. The bioactive amino acid 4-hydroxyisoleucine (HI) from Trigonella foenum graecum acts as an insulin mimic in rodents and increases insulin sensitivity. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of 4-HI on MeHg+-treated adult Wistar rats with ALS-like symptoms, emphasising brain IGF1/GLP-1 activation. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of 4-HI on MBP levels in rat brain homogenate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood plasma, and cell death indicators such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. Rats were assessed for muscular strength, locomotor deficits, depressed behaviour, and spatial learning in the Morris water maze (MWM) to measure neurobehavioral abnormalities. Doses of 4-HI were given orally for 42 days in the MeHg+ rat model at 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg to ameliorate ALS-like neurological dysfunctions. Additionally, neurotransmitters and oxidative stress markers were examined in rat brain homogenates. Our findings suggest that 4-HI has neuroprotective benefits in reducing MeHg+-induced behavioural, neurochemical, and histopathological abnormalities in ALS-like rats exposed to methylmercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Shandilya
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.A.)
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Allameh M, Orsat V. Herbal Anxiolytics: Sources and Their Preparation Methods. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2043895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Allameh
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - V. Orsat
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
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Khaled Abd-Elhaleim El Azazy M, Kamel Mohamed EA, Ismail Abo El-Fadl HM, Abd El-Razik FH, Abu Elfotuh K. Omega-3 Rich Oils Attenuate ADHD-Like Behaviour Induced by Dietary Monosodium Glutamate in Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:868-880. [PMID: 34486354 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.868.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and cognitive dysfunction. The present study was designed to examine the possible modulatory effect of Fish, Walnuts or Fenugreek Oils against Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-like Behavior induced by Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in Rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Fifty weaning rats were divided into five groups, (each group contain 10 rats) as follows: Group 1: Normal control rats were fed on a balanced diet. Groups from 2-5 rats were fed on a balanced diet+MSG (0.4 g kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> diet), Group 2 served as a positive control group whereas group 3, 4 and 5 treated with Fish, Walnuts and Fenugreek oil, respectively, (200 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.) by intra-gastric tube. Biochemical and behavioural parameters were tested as well as microscopic examination of brain tissue was done. <b>Results:</b> MSG ingestion caused marked disruption in locomotors activity, memory function and brain tissue structure along with significant abnormalities in some bio-markers and reduction in the gene expression level of Bcl-2 in brain tissue. However, treatment with the tested oils showed remarkable effect by reversing the condition. <b>Conclusion:</b> Dietary supplementation with walnut; fenugreek or fish oils at the tested dose could modulate the condition of ADHD in rats.
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Radahmadi M, Izadi MS, Rayatpour A, Ghasemi M. ComparativeStudyofCRHMicroinjections Into PVN and CeA Nuclei on Food Intake, Ghrelin, Leptin, and Glucose Levels in Acute Stressed Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:133-148. [PMID: 33995935 PMCID: PMC8114857 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.1.2346.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is involved in stress and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, CRH receptors also exist within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and Central Amygdala (CeA) nuclei. The present study compared the effect of CRH microinjections into PVN and CeA on three consecutive hours and cumulative food intake, internal regulatory factors of food intake, such as serum leptin and ghrelin, as well as blood glucose levels in rats under different acute psychological (Social Stress [SS] and Isolation Stress [IS] group) stresses. Methods: Sixty-six male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 11 groups: Control, Sham, CRH-PVN, CRH-CeA, SS, IS, SS-CRH-PVN, SS-CRH-CeA, IS-CRH-PVN, and IS-CRH-CeA groups. The CRH (2 µg/kg in 0.5 µL saline) was injected into PVN and CeA nuclei in rats under everyday, acute social stress and isolation stress conditions. Results: Acute isolation and social stresses did not affect cumulative food intake. Whereas isolation stress led to changes in both leptin and glucose levels, social stress reduced only glucose levels. Cumulative food intake significantly decreased under acute CRH injection into the CeA and particularly into the PVN. Blood glucose significantly reduced in all the groups receiving CRH into their CeA. Conclusion: The PVN played a more important role compared to CeA on food intake. These nuclei probably employ different mechanisms for their effects on food intake. Besides, it seems that exogenously CRH injection into the PVN probably had a more anorectic effect than naturally activated CRH by stresses. Acute isolation stress had a greater impact than social stress on leptin level and cumulative food intake. Thus, elevated food intake related to leptin compared to ghrelin and glucose levels in the CRH-PVN group under acute social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Radahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Sadat Izadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Rayatpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Vitamin C protects against chronic social isolation stress-induced weight gain and depressive-like behavior in adult male rats. Endocr Regul 2020; 54:266-274. [PMID: 33885252 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Considering the importance of ghrelin in stress-induced hyperphagia and a role of antioxidants in decreasing body weight, in the present study, the effect of vitamin C (VitC) on ghrelin secretion and food intake following chronic social isolation (CIS) was evaluated in rats.Methods. Thirty two male Wistar rats (200-220g) were randomly divided into: control, VitC, CIS, and CIS + VitC groups. Animals received VitC (500 mg/kg/day)/saline by gavage for 3 weeks. For 24 h cumulative and post 18-20 h fasting food intake, fasting plasma ghrelin level, and body weight were measured. Gastric histopathology was also evaluated.Results. Results showed a marked increase in fasting plasma ghrelin and food intake in stressed rats compared to controls. VitC prevented the increases in stressed rats. Histological assessment indicated a positive effect of VitC on gastric glandular cells compared to control, an effect that might partially be a reason of significant increase of plasma ghrelin levels in VitC rats. Elevated plasma ghrelin in VitC group was even higher than that one in stressed group, whereas there were no significant changes in the food intake. Assessment of the percentage of changes in body weight during 21 days showed a significant increase in stressed rats compared to controls. Vitamin C treatment prevented this increase. Stressed rats also displayed depression-like behavior as indicated by sucrose test, whereas VitC ameliorated it.Conclusions. The data of the present study indicate that VitC may overcome ghrelin-induced hyperphagia and improve the abnormal feeding and depressive behavior in CIS rats.
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8
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Smith SJ, Lopresti AL, Teo SYM, Fairchild TJ. Examining the Effects of Herbs on Testosterone Concentrations in Men: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:744-765. [PMID: 33150931 PMCID: PMC8166567 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone concentrations in males tend to decline with advancing age. Low testosterone, also known as androgen deficiency (AD), is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Currently, the primary treatment for AD is testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), which may exacerbate pre-existing medical conditions. Therefore, the use of alternative options, such as herbs, spices, plants, or their extracts, has been explored as a potential treatment option for AD. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and critically evaluate randomized controlled trials published on the efficacy of single herbal ingredients on testosterone concentrations, in addition to its fractions or binding proteins, in men (≥18 y). From the 4 databases searched, there were 13 herbs identified in 32 studies, published between 2001 and 2019. The main findings of this review indicate that 2 herbal extracts, fenugreek seed extracts and ashwagandha root and root/leaf extracts, have positive effects on testosterone concentrations in men. Also, some evidence exists for another herb and herbal extract, Asian red ginseng and forskohlii root extract. Overall, 9 out of 32 studies demonstrated statistically significant increases in testosterone concentrations. Moreover, 6 studies out of 32 were judged as having a low risk of bias. Current evidence is largely based on young, nonclinical populations, with 16 out of 32 studies using men <40 y of age. Conclusions are moderated by the paucity of research for many herbs, the variation in dosages and extracts used, small sample sizes, and the heterogeneity of study characteristics. Also, further research is required before definitive conclusions on efficacy and safety can be made. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020173623.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian L Lopresti
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shaun Y M Teo
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J Fairchild
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Khanna A, John F, Das S, Thomas J, Rao J, Maliakel B, Im K. Efficacy of a novel extract of fenugreek seeds in alleviating vasomotor symptoms and depression in perimenopausal women: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13507. [PMID: 33025616 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated the effect of a standardized fenugreek extract (FHE) on perimenopausal discomforts and its influence on hormonal balance and safety. Healthy women characterized with perimenopausal symptoms (n = 48), as assessed by MRS questionnaire, were randomized either to FHE (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24) and supplemented with 250 mg × 2/day for 42 days. Both inter and intra-group comparison revealed a significant improvement in somatic, psychological, and urogenital scores in FHE group, especially for hot flashes (25.9%), night sweats (26.5%), depression (31.8%), and insomnia (21.6%). Further hormone analysis revealed an enhancement in serum estradiol (18.9%), free testosterone (38.2%), and progesterone (19.9%) concentrations and a significant decrease in FSH (38.2%) and SHBG (21.1%) concentrations toward establishing a hormonal balance among FHE-group; without significant changes in other clinical safety parameters. Thus, FHE supplementation offered a significant reduction in vasomotor effects and depression in perimenopausal women, without any adverse effects PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fenugreek is a popular kitchen spice and Ayurvedic medicine for a variety of health conditions including diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hepatotoxicity, gastritis, and also for a variety of hormone-related health conditions such as sexual functions, lactation, osteoporosis, PCOS, and post/perimenopausal discomforts. Fenugreek is rich in alkaloids, steroidal saponins, flavonoids and 4-hydroxyisoleucine. The present randomized-controlled study investigated the plausible application of a standardized hydro-ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds (FHE) having a unique 3:1 ratio for protodioscin to trigonelline in the management of perimenopausal discomforts. It was observed that FHE at a dosage of 250 mg × 2/day for 42 days significantly reduced the discomforts, especially vasomotor symptoms and depression, and helped to attain a hormonal balance without any adverse effects or deviations in clinical safety parameters. Thus, FHE could be a potential natural agent for the management of post and perimenopausal discomforts and has to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Khanna
- Aman Hospital and Research Center, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Febi John
- Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, India
| | - Syam Das
- Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, India
| | - Jestin Thomas
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
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Kozłowska A, Wojtacha P, Równiak M, Kolenkiewicz M, Tsai ML. Differences in serum steroid hormones concentrations in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) - an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Physiol Res 2018; 68:25-36. [PMID: 30433797 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats are the most common animal model used to study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study investigated the levels of steroid hormones in the bloodstream of hypertensive rats and its normotensive control strain, Wistar-Kyoto rats, to check if there are any hormonal differences between both strains at the onset of ADHD. Plasma samples were collected from young (5-week-old) and mature (10-week-old) male hypertensive and normotensive rats to determine the serum level of testosterone, 17beta-estradiol, free estriol, progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol using ELISA kits. The results showed statistically significant increases in serum levels of testosterone and free estriol in 10-week-old hypertensive and normotensive rats when compared to 5-week-old animals. Moreover, the concentrations of progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol were significantly elevated in 10-week-old hypertensive rats when compared to 5-week-old animals of both strains as well as 10-week-old normotensive rats. Hormonal differences observed between 10-week-old hypertensive and normotensive rats were also accompanied by differences in the volumes of lateral ventricles as well as the third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct. In conclusion, elevated contents of progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol in hypertensive rats may be associated not only with ADHD but also with developing hypertension. This question needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology, School Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Izadi MS, Radahmadi M, Ghasemi M, Rayatpour A. Effects of Isolation and Social Subchronic Stresses on Food Intake and Levels of Leptin, Ghrelin, and Glucose in Male Rats. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:118. [PMID: 30211131 PMCID: PMC6124222 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_28_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to psychological stresses can be a reason for obesity. Therefore, identifying the effective nutritional mechanisms such as feeding markers is of high necessity for the psychological stress conditions. Hence, the present study investigates the effects of subchronic isolation and social stresses on food intake, body weight differences (BWD), and levels of leptin, ghrelin, and glucose in rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control (Co), isolation stress (IS), and social stress (SS) groups. Rats were under stresses for 7 days. The food intake (for three continuous hours after 16–18 h of food deprivation), BWD, levels of ghrelin, leptin, and glucose were measured. Results: The results showed that the food intake significantly (P < 0.05) reduced during the 1st h in the SS group compared to the Co group. At the 2nd h, the food intake significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) decreased in the IS group compared to the Co and SS groups. The cumulative food intake and body weight were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the IS group compared to the Co group. The serum ghrelin level significantly reduced in the IS group compared to the Co group. Conclusions: The subchronic psychological stresses led to a reduction in food intake by the reduction of serum ghrelin levels. It seems that ghrelin might have a more fundamental role in the food intake with respect to the leptin and glucose levels in subchronic stress condition. Furthermore, the decreased body weight justified the reduction of food intake, particularly in subchronic isolation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadat Izadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Radahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Rayatpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shin MS, Park SS, Lee JM, Kim TW, Kim YP. Treadmill exercise improves depression-like symptoms by enhancing serotonergic function through upregulation of 5-HT 1A expression in the olfactory bulbectomized rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:36-42. [PMID: 28349031 PMCID: PMC5331997 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1734918.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) is a well-known method inducing animal model of depression. Depression is associated with dysfunction of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system. In the present study, antidepressive effect of treadmill exercise was investigated using olfactory bulbectomized rats. After bilateral bulbectomy, the rats in the treadmill exercise groups were subjected to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day during 28 days. Increased immobility time and decreased fast time in the forced swim test were observed in the olfactory bulbectomized rats. Sucrose preference in the sucrose preference test was decreased and activity in the open field test was also increased in the olfactory bulbectomized rats. Treadmill exercise decreased immobility time and activity and increased fast time and sucrose preference in the olfactory bulbectomized rats. Expressions of 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe of rats were suppressed by OBX and treadmill exercise increased the expressions of 5-HT and TPH in the olfactory bulbectomized rats. Serotonin receptor type 1A (5-HT1A) expression in the dorsal raphe was reduced by OBX and treadmill exercise increased 5-HT1A expression in the olfactory bulbectomized rats. In the present study, treadmill exercise ameliorated OBX-induced depressive symptoms. The antidepressive effect of treadmill exercise might be ascribed to the enhancement of serotonergic function through upregulation of 5-HT1A expression in the dorsal raphe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mal-Soon Shin
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Sang-Seo Park
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Pyo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Gotoh L, Saitoh A, Yamada M, Fujii H, Nagase H, Yamada M. Effects of repeated treatment with a delta opioid receptor agonist KNT-127 on hyperemotionality in olfactory-bulbectomized rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 323:11-14. [PMID: 27916688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a single treatment of a non-peptidic delta opioid receptor agonist, KNT-127, has an antidepressant-like effect in rodents in the forced swim test. Here we evaluated the effect of repeated administration of the potential antidepressant KNT-127 in an olfactory-bulbectomized (OBX) rat model. Male Wistar rats (8-12 weeks old) underwent olfactory bulbectomy. From 14days after surgery each was weighed and administered either KNT-127 (3mgkg-1/day), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (10mgkg-1/day), or vehicle, daily for 14 days. Hyperemotionality was measured on days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. Repeated administration of KNT-127 significantly decreased total and individual hyperemotionality scores (attack, startle, struggle and fight) over the entire period. Conversely, fluoxetine did not show any significant effect on days 3, 5, 7, or 14 but significantly reduced the total score on day 10. The inhibitory effects of KNT-127 were greater than those of fluoxetine. The KNT-127 and control groups both gained weight, while the fluoxetine group lost weight. Our results suggest that KNT-127 is a potential lead compound for antidepressant therapy, with high efficacy, a relatively rapid onset of therapeutic effect, and without the possible adverse effects of weight loss caused by SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gotoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Saitoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Misa Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
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