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Dasgupta S, Johnsrude C. Combination Therapy of Ivabradine with Procainamide for the Management of Pediatric Postoperative Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2023; 14:5528-5532. [PMID: 37492694 PMCID: PMC10364659 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2023.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET), although usually self-limited, may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Anti-arrhythmic medications are often necessary to restore atrioventricular synchrony when non-pharmacological measures fail. Multiple drugs have been described for the management of postoperative JET, with enteral ivabradine being the latest addition. While safe administration of ivabradine has been described in combination with other anti-arrhythmics (amiodarone, flecainide), no study has described the use of ivabradine in conjunction with intravenous procainamide for the management of postoperative JET. Our case report describes the safe use of ivabradine and procainamide combination therapy in a young patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Dasgupta
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Norton Children’s Hospital, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher Johnsrude
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Norton Children’s Hospital, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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2
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Ishaque S, Akhtar S, Ladak AA, Martins RS, Memon MKY, Kazmi AR, Mahmood F, Haque AU. Early postoperative arrhythmias after pediatric congenital heart disease surgery: a 5-year audit from a lower- to middle-income country. Acute Crit Care 2022; 37:217-223. [PMID: 35172530 PMCID: PMC9184984 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2020.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arrhythmias are known complication after surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to identify and discuss their immediate prevalence, diagnosis and management at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan between January 2014 and December 2018. All pediatric (<18 years old) patients admitted to the intensive care unit and undergoing continuous electrocardiographic monitoring after surgery for CHD were included in this study. Data pertaining to the incidence, diagnosis, and management of postoperative arrhythmias were collected. Results Amongst 812 children who underwent surgery for CHD, 185 (22.8%) developed arrhythmias. Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) was the most common arrhythmia, observed in 120 patients (64.9%), followed by complete heart block (CHB) in 33 patients (17.8%). The highest incidence of early postoperative arrhythmia was seen in patients with atrioventricular septal defects (64.3%) and transposition of the great arteries (36.4%). Patients were managed according to the Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines. JET resolved successfully within 24 hours in 92% of patients, while 16 (48%) patients with CHB required a permanent pacemaker. Conclusions More than one in five pediatric patients suffered from early postoperative arrhythmias in our setting. Further research exploring predictive factors and the development of better management protocols of patients with CHB are essential for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with postoperative arrhythmia.
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George M, Goenka L. Alirocumab in Post ACS Patients - Saving Lives at a Premium. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e030621193814. [PMID: 34082687 PMCID: PMC9241115 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x17666210603111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Luxitaa Goenka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Mendel B, Christianto C, Setiawan M, Prakoso R, Siagian SN. A Comparative Effectiveness Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Drugs for the Prophylaxis of Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e030621193817. [PMID: 34082685 PMCID: PMC9241111 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x17666210603113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia (JET) is an arrhythmia originating from the AV junction, which may occur following congenital heart surgery, especially when the intervention is near the atrioventricular junction. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the effectiveness of amiodarone, dexmedetomidine, and magnesium in preventing JET following congenital heart surgery. METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, where 11 electronic databases were searched from the date of inception to August 2020. The incidence of JET was calculated with the relative risk of 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Quality assessment of the included studies was assessed using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 statement. RESULTS Eleven studies met the predetermined inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Amiodarone, dexmedetomidine, and magnesium significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative JET [Amiodarone: risk ratio 0.34; I2= 0%; Z=3.66 (P=0.0002); 95% CI 0.19-0.60. Dexmedetomidine: risk ratio 0.34; I2= 0%; Z=4.77 (P<0.00001); 95% CI 0.21-0.52. Magnesium: risk ratio 0.50; I2= 24%; Z=5.08 (P<0.00001); 95% CI 0.39-0.66]. CONCLUSION All three drugs have shown promising results in reducing the incidence of JET. Our systematic review found that dexmedetomidine is better in reducing the length of ICU stays as well as mortality. In addition, dexmedetomidine also has the least pronounced side effects among the three. However, it should be noted that this conclusion was derived from studies with small sample sizes. Therefore, dexmedetomidine may be considered as the drug of choice for preventing JET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mendel
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Moira Setiawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Radityo Prakoso
- Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defect Division, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sisca Natalia Siagian
- Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defect Division, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Kabbani MS, Al Taweel H, Kabbani N, Al Ghamdi S. Critical arrhythmia in postoperative cardiac children: Recognition and management. Avicenna J Med 2021; 7:88-95. [PMID: 28791240 PMCID: PMC5525472 DOI: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_14_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmias after pediatric cardiac surgery are common and can be life-threatening. They occur intraoperatively or may appear shortly after surgery during postoperative care. They require early management and specific intervention. In this review, we describe important critical arrhythmias that are encountered during postoperative management of children undergoing cardiac surgery. We review the diagnosis, management, and explain the role of epicardial electrocardiogram in diagnosing certain types of postoperative rhythm abnormalities seen during early period after pediatric cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salim Kabbani
- Department of Cardiac Science, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayan Al Taweel
- Department of Cardiac Science, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasib Kabbani
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al Ghamdi
- Department of Cardiac Science, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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6
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Machovec KA, Ames WA. Big Syringe, Little Syringe. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:2401-2402. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kumar V, Kumar G, Tiwari N, Joshi S, Sharma V, Ramamurthy R. Ivabradine as an Adjunct for Refractory Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Preliminary Study. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2019; 10:709-714. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135119876600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a relatively common narrow complex rhythm typically characterized by atrioventricular dissociation or retrograde atrial conduction in a 1:1 pattern. Junctional ectopic tachycardia can be a life-threatening disorder, causing severe hemodynamic compromise and increased morbidity and mortality. The treatment of refractory JET can be very difficult, even with multimodal therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of ivabradine in cases of JET refractory to amiodarone and esmolol. Methods: A total of 480 congenital heart surgeries were carried out at our center in 2017. Twenty (4.16%) patients had postoperative JET. Among these, five infants, aged 7 to 12 months (median: 8 months), had refractory JET. These patients (three tetralogy of Fallot, one ventricular septal defect, one complete atrioventricular septal defect) were treated with oral ivabradine in the dose range of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg/12 h as an adjunct to amiodarone. Results: All five patients achieved rate reduction and eventual conversion to sinus rhythm. Mean duration to achieve heart rate of <140 bpm after initiation of ivabradine therapy was 16.8 hours (±7.2 hours), while mean duration to achieve sinus rhythm was 31.6 hours (±13.6 hours). No patient had any recurrence of JET. No patient exhibited any hemodynamic derangement nor side effects attributable to oral ivabradine. Conclusion: Oral ivabradine has the potential to be used as an adjunct to amiodarone in the treatment of JET in infants after surgery for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tiwari
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - Sajan Joshi
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipul Sharma
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Ramamurthy
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
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Forman J, Beech R, Slugantz L, Donnellan A. A Review of Tetralogy of Fallot and Postoperative Management. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2019; 31:315-328. [PMID: 31351553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the anatomy and physiology of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and TOF variants. Indications for surgical repair, morbidity/mortalities, and surgical repair techniques are also reviewed. The article concludes with review of common postoperative complications and management strategies for arrhythmias, right ventricular dysfunction, low cardiac output, and residual defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnna Forman
- Heinrich A. Werner Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Children's Hospital, 800 Rose Street, MN 460, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Rachel Beech
- Heinrich A. Werner Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Children's Hospital, 800 Rose Street, MN 460, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lucy Slugantz
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Children's Hospital, 800 Rose Street, MN 460, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Amy Donnellan
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 1002, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Paluszek C, Brenner P, Pichlmaier M, Haas NA, Dalla-Pozza R, Hagl C, Hakami L. Risk Factors and Outcome of Post Fallot Repair Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia (JET). World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2019; 10:50-57. [PMID: 30799715 DOI: 10.1177/2150135118813124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a common arrhythmia causing hemodynamic impairment following corrective cardiac surgery such as tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. METHODS We report our experience with postoperative JET following surgical repair of TOF. The retrospective study was done from 2003 to 2012 with a total of 105 patients who underwent TOF repair. These patients' clinical and electrocardiographic data (pre-, intra-, and postoperative) were monitored to identify risk factors for the occurrence of JET and to evaluate the outcome of the affected patients. RESULTS Incidence-Fourteen patients developed JET, with only four patients going directly from sinus rhythm to JET. In all others, either a transient atrioventricular (AV) block or a junctional rhythm preceded JET, mostly intraoperatively, showing a significant relation ( P = .010). Age-Patients with JET were of younger age ( P = .025) and had longer cardiopulmonary bypass ( P = .044) and aortic cross-clamping times ( P = .038). Increased cost and care-The occurrence of JET was associated with a longer stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and a prolonged need for inotropic support and mechanical ventilation. Time to rate control correlated with length of ICU and hospital stay. MORTALITY All JET patients converted into sinus rhythm, one of them died shortly after cessation of JET and two patients subsequently developed a first-degree AV block. CONCLUSION The occurrence of JET remains an important complication during the initial postoperative period by increasing mechanical ventilation time, the need for inotropic support, and prolonging the length of ICU and hospital stay. Risk factors are younger age, longer aortic cross-clamping/bypass times, and intraoperative arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Paluszek
- 1 Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,3 Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Brenner
- 2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pichlmaier
- 2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus A Haas
- 3 Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Dalla-Pozza
- 3 Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hagl
- 2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lale Hakami
- 1 Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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Jain A, Alam S, Viralam SK, Sharique T, Kapoor S. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Cardiac Arrhythmia Postcardiac Surgery in Children. Heart Views 2019; 20:47-52. [PMID: 31462958 PMCID: PMC6686607 DOI: 10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_88_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the incidence of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias in children undergoing cardiac surgery and to evaluate the risk factors and outcome of these patients. Materials and Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted in the cardiac pediatric intensive care unit and included children <18 years of age. Children were monitored in the early postoperative period (72 h) for any sustained rhythm abnormality and were classified using standard definition. Details of treatment and their response were assessed. Risk factors for arrhythmias were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Five hundred and thirty-six children were included and the prevalence of arrhythmia was 14.4% (n = 77). The most common arrhythmia was complete heart block (CHB) (n = 28; 5.2%), followed by junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) (n = 25; 4.7%), junctional escape rhythm (n = 13; 2.4%), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) (n = 8; 1.5%), and ventricular tachycardia (VT) (n = 3; 0.6%). Cardiac pacing was required in all CHB; 8 (28.6%) required a permanent pacemaker. Six (24%) patients with JET responded to conventional measures; 19 (76.0%) patients required amiodarone and 5 (20%) required cooling to 34°C or cardiac pacing. Temporary cardiac pacing was required in 9 (69.2%) cases of junctional escape rhythm. Seven (87.5%) events of SVT responded to adenosine and 1 (12.5%) required cardioversion. Two (66.7%) of VT responded to cardioversion while 1 (33.3%) was refractory. Five (6.5%) patients with arrhythmia died. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age <1 year, risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery category ≥3, and cross-clamp time >67 min were independent risk factors. Conclusion Early postoperative period following cardiac surgery is extremely vulnerable to cardiac arrhythmias. Although majority are self-limiting, some can be life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jain
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shahzad Alam
- Department of Akanksha, Pediatric Cardiac Evaluation and Cardiac Surgery Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Kiran Viralam
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanzila Sharique
- Department of Pediatrics, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saurabh Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ismail MF, Arafat AA, Hamouda TE, El Tantawy AE, Edrees A, Bogis A, Badawy N, Mahmoud AB, Elmahrouk AF, Jamjoom AA. Junctional ectopic tachycardia following tetralogy of fallot repair in children under 2 years. J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 13:60. [PMID: 29871684 PMCID: PMC5989382 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-018-0749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Junctional ectopic tachycardia is a serious arrhythmia that frequently occurs after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Arrhythmia prophylaxis is not feasible for all pediatric cardiac surgery patients and identification of high risk patients is required. The objectives of this study were to characterize patients with JET, identify its predictors and subsequent complications and the effect of various treatment strategies on the outcomes in selected TOF patients undergoing total repair before 2 years of age. Methods From 2003 to 2017, 609 patients had Tetralogy of Fallot repair, 322 were included in our study. We excluded patients above 2 years and patients with preoperative arrhythmia. 29.8% of the patients (n = 96) had postoperative JET. Results JET patients were younger and had higher preoperative heart rate. Independent predictors of JET were younger age, higher preoperative heart rate, cyanotic spells, non-use of B-blockers and low Mg and Ca (p = 0.011, 0.018, 0.024, 0.001, 0.004 and 0.001; respectively). JET didn’t affect the duration of mechanical ventilation nor hospital stay (p = 0.12 and 0.2 respectively) but prolonged the ICU stay (p = 0.011). JET resolved in 39.5% (n = 38) of patients responding to conventional measures. Amiodarone was used in 31.25% (n = 30) of patients and its use was associated with longer ICU stay (p = 0.017). Ventricular pacing was required in 4 patients (5.2%). Median duration of JET was 30.5 h and 5 patients had recurrent JET episode. Timing of JET onset didn’t affect ICU (p = 0.43) or hospital stay (p = 0.14) however, long duration of JET increased ICU and hospital stay (p = 0.02 and 0.009; respectively). Conclusion JET increases ICU stay after TOF repair. Preoperative B-blockers significantly reduced JET. Patients with preoperative risk factors could benefit from preoperative arrhythmia prophylaxis and aggressive management of postoperative electrolyte disturbance is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fouad Ismail
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J-16, P.O Box: 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia.,Cardio-thoracic Surgery Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amr A Arafat
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tamer E Hamouda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J-16, P.O Box: 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia.,Cardio-thoracic Surgery Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Azzahra Edrees
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J-16, P.O Box: 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulbadee Bogis
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J-16, P.O Box: 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Badawy
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J-16, P.O Box: 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia.,The Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa B Mahmoud
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J-16, P.O Box: 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia.,Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farid Elmahrouk
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J-16, P.O Box: 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia. .,Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Jamjoom
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J-16, P.O Box: 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Gawad TAA, Elguindy WM, Youssef OI, Abosalem TA. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Early Arrhythmias Following Pediatric Open Heart Surgery in Egyptian Children. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:940-944. [PMID: 29362623 PMCID: PMC5771299 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of early postoperative arrhythmias after cardiac operation in the pediatric population, and to analyse possible risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 30 postoperative patients, with age range four up to 144 months. They were selected from those admitted to the Cardiology Unit in the Pediatric department of Ain Shams University hospitals, after undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery for correction of congenital cardiac defects. All patients had preoperative sinus rhythm and normal preoperative electrolytes levels. All patients’ records about age, weight, type of surgery, intraoperative arrhythmias, cardiopulmonary bypass time, ischemic time and use of inotropic drugs were taken before they were admitted to the specialised pediatric post-surgery intensive care unit (ICU). RESULTS: Arrhythmia was documented in 15 out of 30 patients (50%). Statistically significant difference between the arrhythmic and non-arrhythmic group were recorded in relation to the age of operation (23 vs 33 months), weight (12 vs. 17 kg), ischemic time (74.5 vs. 54 min), cardiopulmonary bypass time (125.5 vs. 93.5min), inotrope use (1.6 vs. 1.16) and postoperative ICU stay (5.8 vs. 2.7 days), P<0.05. CONCLUSION: Early postoperative arrhythmias following surgery for congenital heart disease are relatively frequent in children (50%). Younger age, lower body weight, longer ischemic time and bypass time, and more inotrope use are all risk factors for postoperative arrhythmias and lead to increase the hospital stay.
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13
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Webster G. Aiming at a Blurry Target: Optimal Therapy for Postoperative JET. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2017; 8:691-693. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135117738009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Webster
- Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Entenmann A, Michel M, Herberg U, Haas N, Kumpf M, Gass M, Egender F, Gebauer R. Management of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia in pediatric patients: a survey of 30 centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Eur J Pediatr 2017; 176:1217-1226. [PMID: 28730319 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-2969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a frequent complication after pediatric cardiac surgery. Current recommendations on how and when to treat JET are inconsistent. We evaluated the management strategies of postoperative JET in German-speaking countries. We sent an online survey to 30 centers of pediatric cardiology that perform surgery for congenital heart defects in Germany (24), Austria (4), and Switzerland (2). The survey asked 18 questions about how and in what treatment sequence postoperative JET was managed. All 30 centers completed the survey (100% return rate). There was general agreement that the management of JET is based on administration of antiarrhythmic drugs, body surface cooling, and temporary pacing. Many centers presented treatment algorithms based on published literature, all centers named amiodarone as the first drug of choice. Significant disagreement was found concerning the timing and sequential order of additional therapeutic measures and particularly about the dosing of amiodarone and the role of R-wave synchronized atrial pacing. CONCLUSION This survey reveals that from center to center, the treatment of postoperative JET may vary substantially. Future work should focus on those treatment modalities where a high rate of variation is found. Such studies may be of value to achieve commonly adopted treatment recommendations. What is known: • Treatment of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia is predominantly based on administration of antiarrhythmic drugs, therapeutic cooling, and temporary pacing. • Amiodarone is the antiarrhythmic drug of choice in this context. What is new: • Dosing and duration of administration of amiodarone differ relevantly from center to center. • The sequential order of drug administration, therapeutic cooling, and pacing is not consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Entenmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Miriam Michel
- Department of Pediatrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Herberg
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Bonn, Adenauerallee 119, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Haas
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kumpf
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gass
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedemann Egender
- Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roman Gebauer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Strümpellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Tharakan JA, Sukulal K. Post cardiac surgery junctional ectopic tachycardia: A 'Hit and Run' tachyarrhythmia as yet unchecked. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 7:25-8. [PMID: 24701081 PMCID: PMC3959056 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2069.126545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaganmohan A Tharakan
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kiron Sukulal
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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