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Yehia SA, Badr AM, Bashtar AR, Ibrahim MAA, Mousa MR, Mostafa NA. Immune response, oxidative stress, and histological changes of Wistar rats after being administered with Parascaris equorum antigen. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18069. [PMID: 39103392 PMCID: PMC11300452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, particularly in developing nations, helminth infections are the leading causes of livestock illness and mortality. Parascaris (P.) equorum, a parasitic worm from the Ascarididae family, significantly impacts the production, health, and working performance of equines. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intraperitoneal sensitization of P. equorum on the immune system, oxidative stress, and histology in Wistar rats. After acclimatization for 7 days, we divided the rats into five groups, each consisting of six rats. Group I, serving as the control, was administered distilled water, followed by groups II (day 7), III (day 14), IV (day 21), and V (day 33). The rats were euthanized every day mentioned (Days 7-33). On day 0, a dosage of 1ml/100 gm rat (containing 500 μg/ml protein content) emulsified crude antigen extract with an incomplete Freund's adjuvant (1:1 volume), followed by a second dose of the same antigen concentration on day 7. To assess the allergenicity of this nematode, we measured a whole blood profile, serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-33, total immunoglobulins IgE and IgG, and oxidative stress markers. Also, we examined histological changes in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The results showed that values of total leukocyte count, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) increased on day 14 post-infection relative to other days of investigation. It was found that the levels of total immunoglobulins (IgE and IgG) and cytokines (INF-γ, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33) on days 14 and 21 were significantly higher than in the control group. At all periods of the experiment, the injected group exhibited significantly higher concentrations of MDA and NO compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conversely, GSH and CAT levels (P < 0.05) dropped significantly on days 7, 14, and 21. Different rat tissues showed alterations. Ultimately, this study described the detrimental effects of P. equorum crude antigen administration on the immune system, oxidative states, and histological changes of Wistar rats at various intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Adel Yehia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Refat Mousa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Al-Sarar D, Moussa IM, Alhetheel A. Antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated at tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37860. [PMID: 38640320 PMCID: PMC11029994 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that has a major impact on public health. The objective of the present work was to determine the prevalence and the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in S aureus (MRSA) isolates from the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The isolates were collected from different body sites of infection and the antibiotic susceptibility was confirmed on the Vitek 2 system. A total of 371 MRSA isolates from clinical samples were received over a 12-month period from January 2021 to December 2021. The results showed that infection was predominant among males (55.8%) and most of the isolates occurred in the older age groups, with a mean age of 43.7 years and an age span from <1 to 89 years old. The majority (34.5%) recovered from wound infection followed by (14.6%) from blood. We have observed peaks of MRSA infections during the autumn, especially in September and November. All MRSA isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, Imipenem, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, and Penicillin while all isolates were sensitive to Daptomycin and Nitrofurantoin. Furthermore, Vancomycin was resistant in (0.3%) of MRSA isolates, and (2.9%) was resistant to Linezolid. The current study concluded that MRSA strains had developed resistance toward 24 tested antibiotics, including the previous effective drugs vancomycin and linezolid. Therefore, there is an urgent need for continuous review of infection control practices to prevent any further spread of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Al-Sarar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M. Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Alhetheel
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and University Hospitals, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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El-Far A, Samir S, El-Gebaly E, Taha NY, Fahmy EM, Diab TM, El-Shenawy A. Assessment of eugenol inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and biofilm gene expression in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Egypt. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104722. [PMID: 33444856 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infection is a major threat in Healthcare facilities. The search for biofilm inhibitors is essential to overcome the antibiotic resistance. Eugenol is a phyto-compound that possesses many biological properties. In this study, the aim was to estimate the effect of eugenol on biofilms of MRSA through quantifying the level of gene expression of three genes (IcaA, IcaD and SarA) involved in biofilm development.. Fifty MRSA biofilm producers collected from the microbiology lab at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute were incubated with different concentrations of eugenol for 24 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration of eugenol (MIC) that eradicates the biofilms growth was detected. mRNA was extracted from all isolates before and after the application of eugenol at 0.5 x MIC, and then subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results showed that fourteen isolates out of 50 (28%) exhibited intermediate biofilm formation ability, and 36 out of 50 (72%) were strong biofilm producers. The MIC values of eugenol for MRSA ranged from 3.125% to 0.01%. The mean values of MIC in both strong and intermediate biofilm forming MRSA isolates were statistically comparable (p = 0.202). qPCR results revealed that the levels of expression of the studied genes IcaA, IcaD, and SarA were decreased after eugenol treatment when compared with their corresponding values before treatment (p = 0.001). Eugenol inhibited the formation of biofilm of MRSA isolates, indicating it could be used to control infections associated with MRSA biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira El-Far
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Safia Samir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman El-Gebaly
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suif University, Egypt.
| | - Nahed Y Taha
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ehab M Fahmy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Diab
- Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Shenawy
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
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Alothman A, Al Thaqafi A, Al Ansary A, Zikri A, Fayed A, Khamis F, Al Salman J, Al Dabal L, Khalife N, AlMusawi T, Alfouzan W, El Zein S, Kotb R, Ghoneim Y, Kanj SS. Prevalence of infections and antimicrobial use in the acute-care hospital setting in the Middle East: Results from the first point-prevalence survey in the region. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 101:249-258. [PMID: 33031939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Community-acquired (CAIs) and healthcare-associated (HAIs) infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Data related to the epidemiology of these infections in the Middle East is scarce. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of infections and antimicrobial use in the acute hospital setting in this region. METHODS A multicentre Point-Prevalence Survey was conducted in seven Middle Eastern countries: Egypt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Oman, Kuwait and Bahrain. Data were collected by the infection control and infectious diseases teams of the respective hospitals. Study surveys were completed in one day (03 April 2018). RESULTS The overall point prevalence of infection was 28.3%; HAI and CAI point prevalence was 11.2% and 16.8%, respectively. The majority of patients with an infection (98.2%) were receiving antimicrobial therapy. There were high levels of resistance to antimicrobials among Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Klebsiella sp. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the point prevalence of both HAI and CAI is high in a sample of Middle Eastern countries. These findings along with the increased use of antimicrobials represent a significant public health problem in the region; particularly in light of the growing regional antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alothman
- National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem Al Thaqafi
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Zikri
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Fayed
- Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Tariq AlMusawi
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha Alfouzan
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Said El Zein
- American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramy Kotb
- Pfizer, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Souha S Kanj
- American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon.
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Veselinović AM, Toropov A, Toropova A, Stanković-Đorđević D, Veselinović JB. Design and development of novel antibiotics based on FtsZ inhibition – in silico studies. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
QSAR models, computer-aided drug design and the application of molecular docking were used to evaluate benzamide analogues as FtsZ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Toropov
- IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Alla Toropova
- IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
- Milano
- Italy
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Zimmerli W, Sendi P. Orthopaedic biofilm infections. APMIS 2017; 125:353-364. [PMID: 28407423 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many infections of the musculoskeletal system are biofilm infections that develop on non-living surfaces. Microorganisms adhere either on dead bone (sequesters) or implants. As a rule for a curative concept, chronic osteomyelitis or implant-associated bone infection must be treated with a combination of surgery and antimicrobial therapy. If an implant is kept in place, or a new device is implanted before complete healing of infection, a biofilm-active antibiotic should be used. Rifamycins are active against biofilms of staphylococci, and fluoroquinolones against those of Gram-negative bacilli. In this review, the management of chronic osteomyelitis, periprosthetic joint infection and implant-associated osteomyelitis of long bones is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Zimmerli
- Kantonsspital Baselland, Basel University Medical Clinic and Interdisciplinary Unit for Orthopaedic Infections, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Parham Sendi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Saptharishi L, Jayashree M, Singhi S. Development and validation of the “Pediatric Risk of Nosocomial Sepsis (PRiNS)” score for health care–associated infections in a medical pediatric intensive care unit of a developing economy—a prospective observational cohort study. J Crit Care 2016; 32:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pirog TP, Konon AD, Beregovaya KA, Shulyakova MA. Antiadhesive properties of the surfactants of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMB B-7241, Rhodococcus erythropolis IMB Ac-5017, and Nocardia vaccinii IMB B-7405. Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714060150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Almeida GCM, dos Santos MM, Lima NGM, Cidral TA, Melo MCN, Lima KC. Prevalence and factors associated with wound colonization by Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized patients in inland northeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:328. [PMID: 24925025 PMCID: PMC4065078 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections by Staphylococcus spp. are often associated with wounds, especially in hospitalized patients. Wounds may be the source of bacteria causing cross-contamination, and are a risk factor for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of wound colonization by Staphylococcus spp., especially S. aureus and MRSA, in hospitalized patients, and to identify the factors associated with such colonization. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with wounds who were hospitalized in a remote and underdeveloped inland region of northeastern Brazil with extreme poverty. Samples were collected using sterile swabs with 0.85% saline solution, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., S. aureus, and MRSA were identified using standard laboratory procedures. Data regarding the sociodemographic characteristics, antibiotic use, and comorbidities of the patients were collected using the medical records and a questionnaire. Results A total of 125 wounds were analyzed. The patients had a mean age of 63.88 years and a mean 3.84 years of school education. Eighty-one wounds (64.80%) were colonized by Staphylococcus spp. Twenty-five wounds (20%) were colonized by S. aureus, 32% of which were colonized by MRSA. Wound colonization by Staphylococcus spp. was associated with pneumonia or other respiratory disease (p = 0.03). Wound colonization by S. aureus was associated with nasal colonization by S. aureus (p < 0.001), fewer days of prior antibiotic use (p = 0.04), admission to a medical ward (p = 0.02), and age >65 years (p = 0.05). Among patients with wound colonization by MRSA, 37.50% had a history of prior antibiotic use, 75% had two or more comorbidities, 25% had cancer or diabetes, 50% had cardiovascular disease, and 50% died. Conclusions Wounds can be the source of Staphylococcus spp. infection, and high proportions of wounds are colonized by S. aureus and MRSA. Nasal colonization by S. aureus may be a source for wound colonization by S. aureus, illustrating the importance of preventing cross-contamination in hospital environments, especially among elderly patients. Wounds should be carefully managed to prevent microbial spread, thereby assisting patient recovery and reducing healthcare costs.
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