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Satapathy P, Prakash JK, More SS, Chandramohan V, Zameer F. Structural modulation of dual oxidase (Duox) in Drosophila melanogaster by phyto-elicitors: A free energy study with molecular dynamics approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Satapathy P, Prakash JK, Gowda VC, More SS, K M, Chandramohan V, Zameer F. Targeting Imd pathway receptor in Drosophila melanogaster and repurposing of phyto-inhibitors: structural modulation and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1659-1670. [PMID: 33050786 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1831611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis is a major cause of disease in an individual, generally initiated in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut, also known as the second brain, constitutes a major role in immune signaling. To study the immunity cascade, the Drosophila model was considered targeting the Imd pathway receptor (2F2L) located in the midgut. This receptor further initiates the immune signaling mechanism influenced by bacteria. To inhibit the Imd pathway, the crystal structure of Imd with PDB: 2F2L was considered for the screening of suitable ligand/inhibitor. In light of our previous studies, repurposing of anti-diabetic ligands from the banana plant namely lupeol (LUP), stigmasterol (STI), β-sitosterol (BST) and umbelliferone (UMB) were screened. This study identifies the potential inhibitor along with the tracheal toxin (TCT), a major peptidoglycan constituent of microbes. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of complexes 2F2L-MLD, 2F2L- CAP, 2F2L-LUP, 2F2L-BST, 2F2L-STI and 2F2L-UMB elucidates the intermolecular interaction into the inhibitory property of ligands. The results of this study infer LUP and UMB as better ligands with high stability and functionality among the screened candidates. This study provides insights into the dysbiosis and its amelioration by plant-derived molecules. The identified drugs (LUP & UMB) will probably act as an inhibitor against microbial dysbiosis and other related pathogenesis (diabetes and diabetic neuropathy). Further, this study will widen avenues in fly biology research and which could be used as a therapeutic model in the rapid, reliable and reproducible screening of phytobiologics in complementary and alternative medicine for various lifestyle associated complications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Satapathy
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeevan Kallur Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Chirag Gowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthuchelian K
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhan Zameer
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Panossian A, Brendler T. The Role of Adaptogens in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E236. [PMID: 32911682 PMCID: PMC7558817 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our review is to demonstrate the potential of herbal preparations, specifically adaptogens for prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, as well as convalescence, specifically through supporting a challenged immune system, increasing resistance to viral infection, inhibiting severe inflammatory progression, and driving effective recovery. The evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies with Andrographis paniculata, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Glycyrrhiza spp., Panax spp., Rhodiola rosea, Schisandra chinensis, Withania somnifera, their combination products and melatonin suggests that adaptogens can be useful in prophylaxis and treatment of viral infections at all stages of progression of inflammation as well as in aiding recovery of the organism by (i) modulating innate and adaptive immunity, (ii) anti-inflammatory activity, (iii) detoxification and repair of oxidative stress-induced damage in compromised cells, (iv) direct antiviral effects of inhibiting viral docking or replication, and (v) improving quality of life during convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panossian
- Phytomed AB, Vaxtorp, 31275 Halland, Sweden
- EuropharmaUSA, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA
| | - Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa;
- Traditional Medicinals Inc., Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ 08108, USA
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Vineetha MS, Bhavya J, Veena SM, Mirajkar KK, Muddapur U, Ananthraju KS, Zameer F, More SS. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of Tabernaemontana alternifolia against Naja naja venom. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:692-697. [PMID: 32550800 PMCID: PMC7292863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tabernaemontana alternifolia root is traditionally used and practiced among few Indian tribes as an antidote for snakebites. Objective To combat and neutralize Naja naja venom using methanolic root extract of Tabernaemontana alternifolia and to explore its efficacy on venom biomarkers in search of newer herbal antidote or first-aid-point of care for therapeutics. Materialization. Pharmacological activities such as fibrinogenolytic, direct and indirect hemolytic activities for the neutralization of the venom were evaluated. Lethal toxicity annulation studies were performed using the murine model by pre-incubation and post-treatment protocols. Further, the neutralization of edema and myotoxicity were also evaluated. Results Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the complete neutralization of fibrinogen degradation was observed at 1:10 (w/w) (venom to extract). T. alternifolia exhibited an effective dose (ED50) value of 87.20 µg/mL for venom-induced hemolysis. Venom at 2 µg concentration produced 11 mm of hemolytic radiance and was neutralized at 1:20 (w/w) venom to extract concentration. The survival time and the neurotoxic symptoms in mice were concluded to be delayed by both the methods of lethal toxicity inhibition using methanol extract. The edema ratio reduced the venom to extract ratio of 1:20 (w/w) from 173 ± 45% to 133.61% when subjected to 5 µg of venom concentration. The plant extract significantly neutralized the myotoxic activity. Conclusion T. alternifolia methanolic root extract could be a potent contributor in the effective treatment of N. naja venom-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Vineetha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, K.S Layout, Bangalore 560 111, Karnataka, India
| | - J Bhavya
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, K.S Layout, Bangalore 560 111, Karnataka, India
| | - S M Veena
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore 560 057, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran K Mirajkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 07, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday Muddapur
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Vidya Nagar, Hubli 03, Karnataka, India
| | - K S Ananthraju
- Department of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, K.S Layout, Bangalore 560 111, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhan Zameer
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, K.S Layout, Bangalore 560 111, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, K.S Layout, Bangalore 560 111, Karnataka, India
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MARQUES TAMARAR, BRAGA MARIANAA, CESAR PEDROH, MARCUSSI SILVANA, CORRÊA ANGELITAD. Jabuticaba (Plinia jaboticaba) skin extracts as inhibitors of phospholipases A2 and proteases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 91:e20180248. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Marques TR, Cesar PHS, Braga MA, Marcussi S, Corrêa AD. Fruit Bagasse Phytochemicals from Malpighia Emarginata Rich in Enzymatic Inhibitor with Modulatory Action on Hemostatic Processes. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2840-2849. [PMID: 30334251 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes are promising sources of phytochemicals for the development of products to be used in health promotion and maintenance. In this study, extracts from acerola bagasse (AB) were characterized by HPLC, and evaluated according to its modulatory action on phospholipases A2 and proteases involved in processes such as inflammation and blood clotting. Snake venoms were used as biological tools once they have high functional and structural homology between their enzymes and human enzymes. Two types of extracts were prepared from AB: aqueous and methanolic. These extracts, evaluated at different proportions (venom:extract, w:w), significantly inhibited the phospholipase activity induced by the venoms of Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops atrox (11% to 31%), and Crotalus durissus terrificus (C. d. t.) (11% to 19%). The hemolytic activity induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and C. d. t. was better inhibited by the methanolic extract (inhibition between 23% and 48%). Thrombolysis induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and C. d. t. was inhibited by both extracts, with inhibition ranging from 13% to 63% for the aqueous extract, and from 12% to 92% for the methanolic one. Both extracts increased the time of coagulation induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and Lachesis muta muta in 26 and up to 68 s. These inhibitory actions were related to the following phenolic compounds present in the extract of AB: gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. Additional studies are needed to confirm their potential use for nutraceutical purposes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Agro-industrial wastes are promising sources of phytochemicals for the development of products that can be used by pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. Studies report the use of the acerola bagasse extract in health improvement. However, its toxic-pharmacological characterization is still scarce. In this study, the extracts of acerola bagasse presented phenolic compounds that can modulate the activity of enzymes such as phospholipases A2 and proteases that act on the coagulant/anticoagulant and thrombotic/thrombolytic activities and the break of phospholipids, decreasing the inflammation and platelet aggregation. Although the in vivo effects of the extracts are not fully understood, this study shed light upon the possibilities of their usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Marques
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique S Cesar
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Braga
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelita D Corrêa
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Appiah S, Revitt M, Jones H, Vu M, Simmonds M, Bell C. Antiinflammatory and Hepatoprotective Medicinal Herbs as Potential Substitutes for Bear Bile. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:149-180. [PMID: 28807157 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly prescribe medicinal formulations relying on the purported synergism of a combination of plant species, sometimes incorporating animal parts and minerals. Bear bile, obtained from either wild or farmed bears, is a commonly used constituent of traditional medicine formulations. With several bear species now listed under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora as threatened with extinction and with bear farming being actively campaigned against on ethical grounds, it is important to seek and promote alternatives to the use of bear bile as medicine. This chapter describes and evaluates the scientific data relating to the efficacy of bear bile and potential alternatives to its use, including the use of bile from other animal species, the use of synthetic chemical alternatives, and the use of herbal substitutes. Scientific studies have confirmed the efficacy of bear bile as an antiinflammatory and a hepatoprotective agent. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the active component of bear bile is used in a synthetic form in Western medicine and can serve as an alternative to bear bile in the treatment and management of certain cholestatic liver conditions. In TCM practice, bile from domesticated animal species (such as cattle, chicken, and pig) has been used as a substitute for bear bile. Following evaluation of TCM literature and pharmacological/clinical data, the authors propose six plant species, either as single herbs or in combination, Gardenia jasminoides (zhī zi; ), Scutellaria baicalensis (huáng qín; ), Coptis chinensis (huáng lián, ), Phellodendron amurense (huáng băi; ), Andrographis paniculata (chuan xin lian; ), and Rheum palmatum (dà huang; ), two medicinal Kampo formulations, Orengedokuto, Dia-Orengedokuto (which originated from traditional Chinese herbal formula Huanglian Jiedu Tang, ), and two individual phytochemicals (berberine and andrographolide) as alternatives to bear bile. The proposed herbal alternatives are frequently found listed in traditional formulations also containing bear bile, usually with different therapeutic roles ascribed to them. The existing evidence base for the effectiveness of herbal alternatives is sufficiently strong for TCM practitioners and consumers to consider using these without the addition of bear bile. This consideration is driven by the imperative to protect populations of bears from overexploitation in the wild and when farmed. However, for the identified alternatives to be accepted by users, it is essential that researchers and TCM practitioners collaborate effectively to initiate consumer behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Appiah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mike Revitt
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Jones
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milan Vu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Celia Bell
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
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Giresha AS, Pramod SN, Sathisha AD, Dharmappa KK. Neutralization of Inflammation by Inhibiting In vitro and In vivo Secretory Phospholipase A 2 by Ethanol Extract of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:174-181. [PMID: 28539742 PMCID: PMC5424559 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.204650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a normal and necessary prerequisite to healing of the injured tissues. Inflammation contributes to all disease process including immunity, vascular pathology, trauma, sepsis, chemical, and metabolic injuries. The secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a key enzyme in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and asthma. The sPLA2 also contribute to neuroinflammatory disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Crohn's disease. AIMS The present study aims to investigate the inhibition of human sPLA2 by a popular medicinal herb Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. as a function of anti-inflammatory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous and different organic solvents extracts of B. diffusa were prepared and evaluated for human synovial fluid, human pleural fluid, as well as Vipera russelli and Naja naja venom sPLA2 enzyme inhibition. RESULTS Among the extracts, the ethanol extract of B. diffusa (EEBD) showed the highest sPLA2 inhibition and IC50 values ranging from 17.8 to 27.5 μg. Further, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation activities of B. diffusa extract were checked using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, thiobarbituric acid, and rat liver homogenate. The antioxidant activity of EEBD was more or less directly proportional to in vitro sPLA2 inhibition. Eventually, the extract was subjected to neutralize sPLA2-induced mouse paw edema and indirect hemolytic activity. The EEBD showed similar potency in both the cases. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the bioactive molecule/s from the EEBD is/are potentially responsible for the observed in vitro and in vivo sPLA2 inhibition and antioxidant activity. SUMMARY The present study aims to investigate the inhibition of human sPLA2 by a popular medicinal herb Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. as a function of anti inflammatory activity. Abbreviation Used: EEBD: Ethanolic extract of boerhaavia diffusa, sPLA2: Secretory phospholipase A2, HSF: Human synovial fluid, HPF: Human pleural fluid, VRV-PLA2-V: Vipera russelli phospholipase A2, NN-PLA2-I: Naja naja phospholipase A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladahalli S. Giresha
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Post Graduate Centre, Mangalore University, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddanakoppalu N. Pramod
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunomodulation and inflammation Biology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | - A. D. Sathisha
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - K. K. Dharmappa
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Post Graduate Centre, Mangalore University, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
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