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Bhaskaran NA, Salwa, Fernandes AV, Volfová G, Pydi CR, Kumar L, Verma R, Marques SM, Shirodkar RK. Development of cream to enhance the antifungal activity and reduce the side effects of fluconazole for the treatment of Candida albicans. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2022-2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to formulate a fluconazole cream for the treatment of Candida albicans. The optimized cream formulation was prepared using stearic acid, oleic acid, beeswax and borax. The uniform distribution of the active ingredient fluconazole could be confirmed in all formulated creams. The FC-C-C formulation showed satisfactory spreadability and extrudability. FC-C-C delivered (95.07 ± 15.85)% in only 36 h, and the formulation released the drug by an anomalous diffusion mechanism. The viscosity of FC-C-C was found to be (63.20 ± 0.83) cP. The antifungal study and animal studies confirmed that the prepared formulation is non-irritant and has an enhanced antifungal activity that reduces the side effects of fluconazole. The studies confirm that the prepared formulation may be useful for the treatment of Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Ajitkumar Bhaskaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal 576 104 , Udupi , Karnataka , India
| | - Salwa
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal 576 104 , Udupi , Karnataka , India
| | - Amanda Velinna Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal 576 104 , Udupi , Karnataka , India
| | - Gabriela Volfová
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal 576 104 , Udupi , Karnataka , India
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University , Stare Mesto , Czech Republic
| | - Chinna Raja Pydi
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal 576 104 , Udupi , Karnataka , India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal 576 104 , Udupi , Karnataka , India
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal 576 104 , Udupi , Karnataka , India
| | - Shirleen Miriam Marques
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal 576 104 , Udupi , Karnataka , India
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Goa College of Pharmacy , 18th June road , Panaji 403001 , Goa , India
| | - Rupesh Kalidas Shirodkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics , Goa College of Pharmacy , 18th June road , Panaji 403001 , Goa , India
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Nikolova V, Hristeva T, Gochev V, Yonchev Y, Nikolov N, Zheljazkov VD. Terpenoids in the Essential Oil and Concentrated Aromatic Products Obtained from Nicotiana glutinosa L. Leaves. Molecules 2019; 25:E30. [PMID: 31861797 PMCID: PMC6983188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N. glutinosa L. is a relatively less studied Nicotiana species (Solanaceae), although there are data about its importance as a model plant in viral control studies, as a gene donor in tobacco hybridization and as a source of agents with insecticidal or fungicidal effects. The biological activities of the species were associated mostly with the presence of leaf surface metabolites, in particular diterpenes and sucrose esters. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) and two aromatic extraction products (concrete and resinoid) obtained from N. glutinosa L. leaves. GC-MS analysis identified 26 components in the EO (representing 97.3% of total oil content), which contained mostly diterpene compounds with major components manool (14.2%), sclarene (8.4%) and manoyl oxide (8.1%). The number of compounds identified in the concrete was 37 (95.5% of the total content) and the major component was the diterpene alcohol sclareol (14.2%). In the resinoid, 30 volatile components (representing 95.1% of resinoid content) were identified, with major components nicotine (32.9%), α-tocopherol (8.2%), tridecanoin (6.9%), sclareol (6.9%), and solanone (6.9%). The group of bicyclic diterpenes had the largest share in the diterpene fraction of the products (57.3%, 91.7%, and 86.3%, respectively for the EO, concrete, and resinoid). Considering the abundance of sclareol in the aromatic products, the antimicrobial activity of the pure substance was determined. Sclareol was highly effective against a set of medicinally important yeasts; Candida albicans АТСС 10231, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, C. parapsilosis clinical isolate, and C. tropicalis NBIMCC 23, while being less effective against the studied Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Data from the study on N. glutinosa aromatic products composition may be of interest to the aroma industries for their possible use in perfumery and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Nikolova
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Tsveta Hristeva
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yonko Yonchev
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Nikolov
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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