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Aras K, Gams A, Faye R, Brennan J, Goldrick K, Li J, Zhong Y, Chiang CH, Smith EH, Poston MD, Chivers J, Hanna P, Mori S, Ajijola OA, Shivkumar K, Hoover DB, Viventi J, Rogers JA, Bernus O, Efimov IR. Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in the Human Right Ventricular Outflow Tract. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2022; 15:e010630. [PMID: 35238622 PMCID: PMC9052172 DOI: 10.1161/circep.121.010630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is a common source of ventricular tachycardia, which often requires ablation. However, the mechanisms underlying the RVOT's unique arrhythmia susceptibility remain poorly understood due to lack of detailed electrophysiological and molecular studies of the human RVOT. METHODS We conducted optical mapping studies in 16 nondiseased donor human RVOT preparations subjected to pharmacologically induced adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation to evaluate susceptibility to arrhythmias and characterize arrhythmia dynamics. RESULTS We found that under control conditions, RVOT has shorter action potential duration at 80% repolarization relative to the right ventricular apical region. Treatment with isoproterenol (100 nM) shortened action potential duration at 80% repolarization and increased incidence of premature ventricular contractions (P=0.003), whereas acetylcholine (100 μM) stimulation alone had no effect on action potential duration at 80% repolarization or premature ventricular contractions. However, acetylcholine treatment after isoproterenol stimulation reduced the incidence of premature ventricular contractions (P=0.034) and partially reversed action potential duration at 80% repolarization shortening (P=0.029). Immunolabeling of RVOT (n=4) confirmed the presence of cholinergic marker VAChT (vesicular acetylcholine transporter) in the region. Rapid pacing revealed RVOT susceptibility to both concordant and discordant alternans. Investigation into transmural arrhythmia dynamics showed that arrhythmia wave fronts and phase singularities (rotors) were relatively more organized in the endocardium than in the epicardium (P=0.006). Moreover, there was a weak but positive spatiotemporal autocorrelation between epicardial and endocardial arrhythmic wave fronts and rotors. Transcriptome analysis (n=10 hearts) suggests a trend that MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling, calcium signaling, and cGMP-PKG (protein kinase G) signaling are among the pathways that may be enriched in the male RVOT, whereas pathways of neurodegeneration may be enriched in the female RVOT. CONCLUSIONS Human RVOT electrophysiology is characterized by shorter action potential duration relative to the right ventricular apical region. Cholinergic right ventricular stimulation attenuates the arrhythmogenic effects of adrenergic stimulation, including increase in frequency of premature ventricular contractions and shortening of wavelength. Right ventricular arrhythmia is characterized by positive spatial-temporal autocorrelation between epicardial-endocardial arrhythmic wave fronts and rotors that are relatively more organized in the endocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Aras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rokhaya Faye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
- LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University, France
| | - Jaclyn Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Katherine Goldrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Yishan Zhong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Chia-Han Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elizabeth H. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Megan D. Poston
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Jacqueline Chivers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Peter Hanna
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shumpei Mori
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Olujimi A. Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Donald B. Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Jonathan Viventi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | | | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Sieliwonczyk E, Matchkov VV, Vandendriessche B, Alaerts M, Bakkers J, Loeys B, Schepers D. Inherited Ventricular Arrhythmia in Zebrafish: Genetic Models and Phenotyping Tools. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 184:33-68. [PMID: 34533615 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the field of inheritable ventricular arrhythmia disease modelling has changed significantly with a push towards the use of novel cellular cardiomyocyte based models. However, there is a growing need for new in vivo models to study the disease pathology at the tissue and organ level. Zebrafish provide an excellent opportunity for in vivo modelling of inheritable ventricular arrhythmia syndromes due to the remarkable similarity between their cardiac electrophysiology and that of humans. Additionally, many state-of-the-art methods in gene editing and electrophysiological phenotyping are available for zebrafish research. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the published zebrafish genetic models for primary electrical disorders and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. We summarise and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different technical approaches for the generation of genetically modified zebrafish disease models, as well as the electrophysiological approaches in zebrafish phenotyping. By providing this detailed overview, we aim to draw attention to the potential of the zebrafish model for studying arrhythmia syndromes at the organ level and as a platform for personalised medicine and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sieliwonczyk
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Vladimir V Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bert Vandendriessche
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maaike Alaerts
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Loeys
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien Schepers
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zhu P, Yang M, Ren H, Shen G, Chen J, Zhang J, Liu J, Sun C. Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 downregulates cardiac transient outward potassium current by regulating miR-200c/HMGB1 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10239-10249. [PMID: 30145795 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) participates in the remodeling of electrophysiological/ion channel in cardiomyocytes during arrhythmia. The lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is reported to be highly expressed in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and offsets cardioprotective effects of fentanyl. However, the roles of MALAT1 and its related miRNAs during arrhythmia are poorly understood. In this study, the overexpression of MALAT1 was firstly indicated in cardiomyocytes from arrhythmic model rats. After downregulation of MALAT1 by RNA interference, transient outward potassium current (Ito), peak current density, and the levels of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 channel proteins were increased in rat cardiomyocytes. Then, miR-200c was predicted and convinced to be a direct target of MALAT1, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was verified to be a target of miR-200c during arrhythmia. HMGB1 expression reduced by the knockdown of MALAT1 was further decreased by miR-200c overexpression. In addition, cardiac Ito, peak current density, and the levels of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 in arrhythmic model rats were detected to be negatively correlated with the expression of HMGB1, and to be positively with miR-200c expression. Taken together, these results suggested that MALAT1 may act as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-200c to upregulate the expression of HMGB1 and downregulate cardiac Ito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Manli Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Guidong Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Jinye Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Junkang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Chaofeng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Lee HC, Rudy Y, Liang H, Chen CC, Luo CH, Sheu SH, Cui J. Pro-arrhythmogenic Effects of the V141M KCNQ1 Mutation in Short QT Syndrome and Its Potential Therapeutic Targets: Insights from Modeling. J Med Biol Eng 2017; 37:780-789. [PMID: 29213224 PMCID: PMC5714284 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the pore-forming subunit of IKs channels, KCNQ1, lead to short QT syndrome (SQTS) and lethal arrhythmias. However, how mutant IKs channels cause SQTS and the possibility of IKs-specific pharmacological treatment remain unclear. V141M KCNQ1 is a SQTS associated mutation. We studied its effect on IKs gating properties and changes in the action potentials (AP) of human ventricular myocytes. Xenopus oocytes were used to study the gating mechanisms of expressed V141M KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels. Computational models were used to simulate human APs in endocardial, mid-myocardial, and epicardial ventricular myocytes with and without β-adrenergic stimulation. V141M KCNQ1 caused a gain-of-function in IKs characterized by increased current density, faster activation, and slower deactivation leading to IKs accumulation. V141M KCNQ1 also caused a leftward shift of the conductance-voltage curve compared to wild type (WT) IKs (V1/2 = 33.6 ± 4.0 mV for WT, and 24.0 ± 1.3 mV for heterozygous V141M). A Markov model of heterozygous V141M mutant IKs was developed and incorporated into the O’Hara–Rudy model. Compared to the WT, AP simulations demonstrated marked rate-dependent shortening of AP duration (APD) for V141M, predicting a SQTS phenotype. Transmural electrical heterogeneity was enhanced in heterozygous V141M AP simulations, especially under β-adrenergic stimulation. Computational simulations identified specific IK1 blockade as a beneficial pharmacologic target for reducing the transmural APD heterogeneity associated with V141M KCNQ1 mutation. V141M KCNQ1 mutation shortens ventricular APs and enhances transmural APD heterogeneity under β-adrenergic stimulation. Computational simulations identified IK1 blockers as a potential antiarrhythmic drug of choice for SQTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yoram Rudy
- Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsing Luo
- Department of Electric Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 804, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Effects of allocryptopine on outward potassium current and slow delayed rectifier potassium current in rabbit myocardium. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2016; 13:316-25. [PMID: 27403141 PMCID: PMC4921544 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Allocryptopine (ALL) is an effective alkaloid of Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. Papaveraceae and has proved to be anti-arrhythmic. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of ALL on transmural repolarizing ionic ingredients of outward potassium current (Ito) and slow delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs). Methods The monophasic action potential (MAP) technique was used to record the MAP duration of the epicardium (Epi), myocardium (M) and endocardium (Endo) of the rabbit heart and the whole cell patch clamp was used to record Ito and IKs in cardiomyocytes of Epi, M and Endo layers that were isolated from rabbit ventricles. Results The effects of ALL on MAP of Epi, M and Endo layers were disequilibrium. ALL could effectively reduce the transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in rabbit transmural ventricular wall. ALL decreased the current densities of Ito and IKs in a voltage and concentration dependent way and narrowed the repolarizing differences among three layers. The analysis of gating kinetics showed ALL accelerated the channel activation of Ito in M layers and partly inhibit the channel openings of Ito in Epi, M and Endo cells. On the other hand, ALL mainly slowed channel deactivation of IKs channel in Epi and Endo layers without affecting its activation. Conclusions Our study gives partially explanation about the mechanisms of transmural inhibition of Ito and IKs channels by ALL in rabbit myocardium. These findings provide novel perspective regarding the anti-arrhythmogenesis application of ALL in clinical settings.
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