1
|
Staub C, Fuchs C, Siegrist M. Risk perception and acceptance of health warning labels on wine. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
2
|
Lehrer S, Rheinstein PH. Marijuana and Myocardial Infarction in the UK Biobank Cohort. Cureus 2022; 14:e22054. [PMID: 35165641 PMCID: PMC8826760 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
3
|
Szypulska-Koziarska D, Wilk A, Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Śleboda-Taront D, Wiszniewska B. Tacrolimus-Based Immunosuppressive Therapy Influences Sex Hormone Profile in Renal-Transplant Recipients-A Research Study. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080709. [PMID: 34439942 PMCID: PMC8389270 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Although renal-transplant-recipients can lead much more comfortable life in comparison to patients on dialysis, they need to face other problems. One of them is lifetime immunosuppressive therapy on daily basis. Immunosuppressive regimen contains usually three different drugs and although each one of them is crucial to keep graft in good condition and to suppress immune response against the transplanted organ, they influence, among the other, reproductive system. In current paper we have observed that immunosuppressive therapy based on tacrolimus significantly affected the hormonal balance of sex hormones in both men and women. It is of great importance, as nowadays infertility is rising problem even in health people, therefore more attention should be paid to choose the best suitable immunosuppressive regiment for recipient in reproductive age. Abstract It is estimated that approximately 20% of couples suffer from infertility worldwide and within renal-transplant recipients, this problem is 10 times more common. An intake of immunosuppressants may lead to hormonal imbalance. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of tacrolimus-based therapy on the hormonal status of grafted patients. Blood samples were obtained from patients from the Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine of Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, Pomeranian Medical University. All 121 patients had stable graft function for over 6 months. The blood plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone, estradiol, cortisol were assessed by the electrochemiluminescence method. We observed decreased levels of prolactin (11.9 ng/mL) and cortisol (87.4 μg/mL) in patients under tacrolimus-based therapy. Tacrolimus-based therapy was also associated with increased testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone in males, 4.04 ng/mL and 6.9 mLU/mL, respectively, and decreased testosterone levels in females, 0.121 ng/mL. We also assessed that immunosuppressive therapy based on tacrolimus is less nephrotoxic in comparison to other regimens. Concluding, tacrolimus-based therapy may influence the hormonal status of transplant recipients in the current study. Results presented here are believed to be helpful for clinicians and patients, especially within the aspect of willingness for biological offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Szypulska-Koziarska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.W.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-16-81
| | - Aleksandra Wilk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Daria Śleboda-Taront
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.W.); (B.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aryal A, Harmon AC, Dugas TR. Particulate matter air pollutants and cardiovascular disease: Strategies for intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107890. [PMID: 33992684 PMCID: PMC8216045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is consistently linked with elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-related mortality. Particulate matter (PM) is a critical factor in air pollution-associated CVD. PM forms in the air during the combustion of fuels as solid particles and liquid droplets and the sources of airborne PM range from dust and dirt to soot and smoke. The health impacts of PM inhalation are well documented. In the US, where CVD is already the leading cause of death, it is estimated that PM2.5 (PM < 2.5 μm in size) is responsible for nearly 200,000 premature deaths annually. Despite the public health data, definitive mechanisms underlying PM-associated CVD are elusive. However, evidence to-date implicates mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction and dyslipidemia, contributing to vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, along with autonomic dysfunction and hypertension. For the benefit of susceptible individuals and individuals who live in areas where PM levels exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard, interventional strategies for mitigating PM-associated CVD are necessary. This review will highlight current state of knowledge with respect to mechanisms for PM-dependent CVD. Based upon these mechanisms, strategies for intervention will be outlined. Citing data from animal models and human subjects, these highlighted strategies include: 1) antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C, carnosine, sulforaphane and resveratrol, to reduce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation; 2) omega-3 fatty acids, to inhibit inflammation and autonomic dysfunction; 3) statins, to decrease cholesterol accumulation and inflammation; 4) melatonin, to regulate the immune-pineal axis and 5) metformin, to address PM-associated metabolic dysfunction. Each of these will be discussed with respect to its potential role in limiting PM-associated CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Aryal
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Tammy R Dugas
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krstonošić MA, Hogervorst JC, Mikulić M, Gojković-Bukarica L. Development of HPLC method for determination of phenolic compounds on a core shell column by direct injection of wine samples. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are frequently present in various natural products, and they can have different beneficial biological potentials. The most widely used method for determination of individual phenolic compounds is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this paper, a method for simultaneous determination of 16 phenolic compounds (gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, hesperetin, naringenin, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, coumaric acid, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol) on a core–shell column was developed. The separation method conducted on a standard ODS (250 mm) column was transferred to Poroshell column and optimized using non-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) apparatus. Phenolic compounds were separated fast and efficiently during 30-min analysis, and validation parameters were determined. The developed method was successfully applied on the analysis of phenolic content after direct injection of red wines from three different grape varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Cvejić Hogervorst
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mira Mikulić
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Gojković-Bukarica
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 840, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Heart Shunt Part I: The French Paradox, Heart Disease and the Microbiota. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040490. [PMID: 32235574 PMCID: PMC7232195 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that a vegetarian and polyphenol-rich diet, including fruits, vegetables, teas, juices, wine, indigestible fiber and whole grains, provide health-promoting phytochemicals and phytonutrients that are beneficial for the heart and brain. What is not well-characterized is the affect these foods have when co-metabolized within our dynamic gut and its colonizing flora. The concept of a heart shunt within the microbiota-gut-brain axis underscores the close association between brain and heart health and the so-called “French paradox” offers clues for understanding neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, oxidation-redox reactions and redox properties of so-called brain and heart-protective foods are underappreciated as to their enhanced or deleterious mechanisms of action. Focusing on prodromal stages, and common mechanisms underlying heart, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, we may unmask and understanding the means to better treat these related diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hernández-Alonso P, Papandreou C, Bulló M, Ruiz-Canela M, Dennis C, Deik A, Wang DD, Guasch-Ferré M, Yu E, Toledo E, Razquin C, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Arós F, Fiol M, Serra-Majem L, Liang L, Clish CB, Martínez-González MA, Hu FB, Salas-Salvadó J. Plasma Metabolites Associated with Frequent Red Wine Consumption: A Metabolomics Approach within the PREDIMED Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900140. [PMID: 31291050 PMCID: PMC6771435 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The relationship between red wine (RW) consumption and metabolism is poorly understood. It is aimed to assess the systemic metabolomic profiles in relation to frequent RW consumption as well as the ability of a set of metabolites to discriminate RW consumers. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional analysis of 1157 participants is carried out. Subjects are divided as non-RW consumers versus RW consumers (>1 glass per day RW [100 mL per day]). Plasma metabolomics analysis is performed using LC-MS. Associations between 386 identified metabolites and RW consumption are assessed using elastic net regression analysis taking into consideration baseline significant covariates. Ten-cross-validation (CV) is performed and receiver operating characteristic curves are constructed in each of the validation datasets based on weighted models. A subset of 13 metabolites is consistently selected and RW consumers versus nonconsumers are discriminated. Based on the multi-metabolite model weighted with the regression coefficients of metabolites, the area under the curve is 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86). These metabolites mainly consisted of lipid species, some organic acids, and alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS A multi-metabolite model identified in a Mediterranean population appears useful to discriminate between frequent RW consumers and nonconsumers. Further studies are needed to assess the contribution of these metabolites in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sant Joan Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sant Joan Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sant Joan Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dong D. Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sant Joan Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDI-BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDI-BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences IUIBS, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Statistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Statistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sant Joan Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls, and cardiovascular disease: a potential target for antioxidant nanotherapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:740-759. [PMID: 28975503 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite production having stopped in the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent persistent organic pollutants that continue to pose a serious human health risk. Exposure to PCBs has been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, as well as hepatic disorders, endocrine dysfunction, neurological deficits, and many others. This is further complicated by the PCB's strong hydrophobicity, resulting in their ability to accumulate up the food chain and to be stored in fat deposits. This means that completely avoiding exposure is not possible, thus requiring the need to develop intervention strategies that can mitigate disease risks associated with exposure to PCBs. Currently, there is excitement in the use of nutritional compounds as a way of inhibiting the inflammation associated with PCBs, yet the suboptimal delivery and pharmacology of these compounds may not be sufficient in more acute exposures. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of PCB toxicity and some of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nanocarrier systems that may be useful as an enhanced treatment modality for reducing PCB toxicity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Alcoholic Beverage and Meal Choices for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases: A Randomized Nutrigenomic Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5461436. [PMID: 30050655 PMCID: PMC6040274 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5461436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the first cause of death worldwide. Mediterranean diet may play a crucial role in the prevention of NCDs, and the presence of wine in this diet could play a positive role on health. Methods 54 healthy volunteers consumed one of the following beverages: red (RW) or white wine (WW), vodka (VDK), and/or Mediterranean meal (MeDM) and high-fat meal (HFM). Results OxLDL-C changed significantly between baseline versus HFM, MeDM versus HFM, and HFM versus HFM + RW (p < 0.05). Significant upregulation of catalase (CAT) was observed only after RW. Conversely, WW, VDK, RW + MeDM, HF + WW, and HF + VDK determined a significant downregulation of CAT gene. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression was upregulated in WW, MeDM + VDK, and RW. Contrariwise, HFM + VDK determined a downregulation of its expression. RW, RW + MeDM, and RW + HFM caused the upregulation of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1). Conclusions Our results suggest that the association of low/moderate intake of alcohol beverages, with nutraceutical-proven effectiveness, and ethanol, in association with a Mediterranean diet, could determine a reduction of atherosclerosis risk onset through a positive modulation of antioxidant gene expression helping in the prevention of inflammatory and oxidative damages.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cool-Climate Red Wines-Chemical Composition and Comparison of Two Protocols for ¹H-NMR Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010160. [PMID: 29342836 PMCID: PMC6017122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the metabolome of 26 experimental cool-climate wines made from 22 grape varieties using two different protocols for wine analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The wine samples were analyzed as-is (wet) and as dried samples. The NMR datasets were preprocessed by alignment and mean centering. No normalization or scaling was performed. The “wet” method preserved the inherent properties of the samples and provided a fast and effective overview of the molecular composition of the wines. The “dried” method yielded a slightly better sensitivity towards a broader range of the compounds present in wines. A total of 27 metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and alkaloids were identified in the 1H-NMR spectra of the wine samples. Principal component analysis was performed on both NMR datasets evidencing well-defined molecular fingerprints for ‘Baco Noir’, ‘Bolero’, ‘Cabernet Cantor’, ‘Cabernet Cortis’, ‘Don Muscat’, ‘Eszter’, ‘Golubok’, ‘New York Muscat’, ‘Regent’, ‘Rondo’, ‘Triomphe d’Alsace’, ‘Précose Noir’, and ‘Vinoslivy’ wines. Amongst the identified metabolites, lactic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, gallic acid, glycerol, and methanol were found to drive sample groupings. The 1H-NMR data was compared to the absolute concentration values obtained from a reference Fourier transform infrared method, evidencing a high correlation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wagner MC, Haas AN, Oppermann RV, Rosing CK, Albandar JM, Susin C. Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Clinical Attachment Loss Progression in an Urban Population From South Brazil: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study. J Periodontol 2017; 88:1271-1280. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcius C. Wagner
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alex N. Haas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rui V. Oppermann
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cassiano K. Rosing
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jasim M. Albandar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages have been consumed for thousands of years, attracting great human interest for social, personal, and religious occasions. In addition, they have long been debated to confer cardioprotective benefits. The French Paradox is an observation of a low prevalence of ischemic heart disease, with high intakes of saturated fat, a phenomenon accredited to the consumption of red wine. Although many epidemiological investigations have supported this view, others have attributed it to beer or spirits, with many suggesting that the drink type is not important. Although excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is commonly regarded to be detrimental to cardiovascular health, there is a debate as to whether light-to-moderate intake is cardioprotective. Although there is extensive epidemiological support for this drinking pattern, a consensus has not been reached. On the basis of published work, we describe the composition of wine and the effects of constituent polyphenols on chronic cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Haseeb
- From Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryce Alexander
- From Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- From Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption on Inflammation Following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12547. [PMID: 28970514 PMCID: PMC5624984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggest that low-dose alcohol consumption (LAC) reduces the incidence and improves the functional outcome of ischemic stroke. We determined the influence of LAC on post-ischemic inflammation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, an ethanol (13.5% alcohol) group, a red wine (Castle Rock Pinot Noir, 13.5% alcohol) group, and a control group. The amount of alcohol given to red wine and ethanol groups was 1.4 g/kg/day. After 8 weeks, the animals were subjected to a 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and sacrificed at 24 hours of reperfusion. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, expression of adhesion molecules and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration were evaluated. The total infarct volume and neurological deficits were significantly reduced in red wine- and ethanol-fed rats compared to control rats. Both red wine and ethanol suppressed post-ischemic expression of adhesion molecules and microglial activation. In addition, both red wine and ethanol upregulated expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), downregulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and significantly alleviated post-ischemic expression of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, red wine significantly reduced post-ischemic neutrophil infiltration. Our findings suggest that LAC may protect the brain against its I/R injury by suppressing post-ischemic inflammation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fontanella MC, D'Amato R, Regni L, Proietti P, Beone GM, Businelli D. Selenium speciation profiles in biofortified sangiovese wine. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 43:87-92. [PMID: 28057398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification is an agronomic-based strategy, utilized by farmers, to produce selenium (Se)-enriched food products that may help reduce dietary deficiencies of Se occurring throughout susceptible regions of the world. The foliar exposure route application ensures a high efficiency of Se assimilation by the plant since it does not depend on root-to-shoot translocation. In this study we treated grapevines of Sangiovese variety in the pre-flowering period with sodium selenate (100mg Se L-1). Se content was measured in leaves, fruit at harvest time and in wine respectively in treated and not treated samples with ICP-MS. At harvest, a higher amount of Se in the treated leaves compared to untreated ones was found, 16.0±3.1mgkg-1 dry weight (dw) against 0.17±0.006mgkg-1 dw in the untreated ones. The treated grapes had a content of Se of 0.800±0.08mgkg-1 dw, while that untreated one 0.065±0.025mgkg-1 dw. Immediately after the malolactic fermentation, the wine obtained from treated and untreated vines had a Se content of 0.620±0.09mg Se L-1 and 0.024±0.010mg Se L-1 respectively. In our case the percentage of inorganic Se is 26% of the total Se in the untreated wine, while in Se enriched wine this percentage increase to 47.5% of the total Se. The Se(VI) was the inorganic chemical form more present in enriched wine, probably due to foliar application with selenate. Distributions of Se species suggested being careful to the choice of the enrichment solutions to promote a balanced distribution of different chemical forms, perhaps favouring the accumulation of organic forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Fontanella
- Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali -Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Roberto D'Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Primo Proietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Beone
- Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali -Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Businelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deley G, Guillemet D, Allaert FA, Babault N. An Acute Dose of Specific Grape and Apple Polyphenols Improves Endurance Performance: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind versus Placebo Controlled Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080917. [PMID: 28829368 PMCID: PMC5579710 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are thought to be an interesting ergogenic aid for exercise and recovery. However, most studies regarding the effects of polyphenols investigated several days of supplementations. The present work aimed to study the effects of an acute intake of grape and apple polyphenols on the capacity to maintain intense exercise, here named endurance performance. Forty-eight physically active men (31 ± 6 years) were included in this study. During the two testing sessions, volunteers completed an endurance test at a high percentage of their maximal aerobic power and time to exhaustion was measured. Respiratory and pain parameters were also monitored. The preceding evening and 1 h before testing, volunteers had to absorb either 500 mg of polyphenols or placebo according to randomization. In comparison with the placebo, the mean duration of the maximal endurance test was significantly increased with polyphenols (+9.7% ± 6.0%, p < 0.05). The maximal perceived exertion was reached later with polyphenols (+12.8% ± 6.8%, p < 0.05). Practically, the present study showed the beneficial effects of grape and apple polyphenols for athletes looking for endurance performance improvements. The specifically designed profile of polyphenols appeared to enhance the capacity to maintain intensive efforts and delay perceived exertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Deley
- CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France.
- Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, U1093 INSERM, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | | | | | - Nicolas Babault
- CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France.
- Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, U1093 INSERM, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tedesco I, Moccia S, Volpe S, Alfieri G, Strollo D, Bilotto S, Spagnuolo C, Di Renzo M, Aquino RP, Russo GL. Red wine activates plasma membrane redox system in human erythrocytes. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:557-69. [PMID: 26866566 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2016.1152629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report that polyphenols present in red wine obtained by a controlled microvinification process are able to protect human erythrocytes from oxidative stress and to activate Plasma Membrane Redox System (PMRS). Human plasma obtained from healthy subjects was incubated in the presence of whole red wine at a concentration corresponding to 9.13-73 μg/ml gallic acid equivalents to verify the capacity to protect against hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced plasma oxidation and to minimize chloramine formation. Red wine reduced hemolysis and chloramine formation induced by HOCl of 40 and 35%, respectively. PMRS present on human erythrocytes transfers electrons from intracellular molecules to extracellular electron acceptors. We demonstrated that whole red wine activated PMRS activity in human erythrocytes isolated from donors in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum at about 70-100 μg/ml gallic acid equivalents. We also showed that red wine increased glutathione (GSH) levels and erythrocytic antioxidant capacity, measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) quenching assay. Furthermore, we reported that GSH played a crucial role in regulating PMRS activity in erythrocytes. In fact, the effect of iodoacetamide, an alkylating agent that induces depletion of intracellular GSH, was completely counteracted by red wine. Bioactive compounds present in red wine, such as gallic acid, resveratrol, catechin, and quercetin were unable to activate PMRS when tested at the concentrations normally present in aged red wines. On the contrary, the increase of PMRS activity was associated with the anthocyanin fraction, suggesting the capacity of this class of compounds to positively modulate PMRS enzymatic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idolo Tedesco
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Stefania Moccia
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Silvestro Volpe
- b Division of Onco-Hematology , S.G. Moscati Hospital , Avellino , Italy
| | - Giovanna Alfieri
- b Division of Onco-Hematology , S.G. Moscati Hospital , Avellino , Italy
| | | | - Stefania Bilotto
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | | | - Rita P Aquino
- d Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano (SA) , Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jensen TK, Gottschau M, Madsen JOB, Andersson AM, Lassen TH, Skakkebæk NE, Swan SH, Priskorn L, Juul A, Jørgensen N. Habitual alcohol consumption associated with reduced semen quality and changes in reproductive hormones; a cross-sectional study among 1221 young Danish men. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005462. [PMID: 25277121 PMCID: PMC4185337 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study associations between three measures of alcohol consumption (recent, typical/habitual, binging), semen quality and serum reproductive hormones. DESIGN Cross-sectional population based study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 1221 young Danish men, aged 18-28 years were recruited when they attended a compulsory medical examination to determine their fitness for military service from 2008 to 2012. Total alcohol consumption: (1) in the week preceding (habitual/typical) the visit (recent alcohol intake), (2) in a typical week and (3) frequency of 'binge drinking' (consuming more than 5 units/day)) in the past 30 days was estimated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Semen quality (volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percentages of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa) and serum concentration of reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, oestradiol, free testosterone and inhibin B). RESULTS Sperm concentration, total sperm count and percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology were negatively associated with increasing habitual alcohol intake. This association was observed in men reporting at least 5 units in a typical week but was most pronounced for men with a typical intake of more than 25 units/week. Men with a typical weekly intake above 40 units had a 33% (95% CI 11% to 59%) reduction in sperm concentration compared to men with an intake of 1-5 units/week. A significant increase in serum free testosterone with increasing alcohol consumption the week preceding the visit was found. Binging was not independently associated with semen quality. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that even modest habitual alcohol consumption of more than 5 units per week had adverse effects on semen quality although most pronounced associations were seen in men who consumed more than 25 units per week. Alcohol consumption was also linked to changes in testosterone and SHBG levels. Young men should be advised to avoid habitual alcohol intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Gottschau
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Broby Madsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Maria Andersson
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Harmer Lassen
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jensen TK, Swan S, Jørgensen N, Toppari J, Redmon B, Punab M, Drobnis EZ, Haugen TB, Zilaitiene B, Sparks AE, Irvine DS, Wang C, Jouannet P, Brazil C, Paasch U, Salzbrunn A, Skakkebæk NE, Andersson AM. Alcohol and male reproductive health: a cross-sectional study of 8344 healthy men from Europe and the USA. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1801-9. [PMID: 24893607 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between alcohol intake and semen quality and serum reproductive hormones among healthy men from the USA and Europe? SUMMARY ANSWER Moderate alcohol intake is not adversely associated with semen quality in healthy men, whereas it was associated with higher serum testosterone levels. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY High alcohol intake has been associated with a wide range of diseases. However, few studies have examined the correlation between alcohol and reproductive function and most have been conducted in selected populations of infertile men or have a small sample size and the results have been contradictory. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A coordinated international cross-sectional study among 8344 healthy men. A total of 1872 fertile men aged 18-45 years (with pregnant partners) from four European cities and four US states, and 6472 young men (most with unknown fertility) aged 18-28 years from the general population in six European countries were recruited. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The men were recruited using standardized protocols. A semen analysis was performed and men completed a questionnaire on health and lifestyle, including their intake of beer, wine and liquor during the week prior to their visit. Semen quality (semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage motile and morphologically normal sperm) and serum reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and inhibin B and free testosterone) were examined. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The participation rate for our populations was 20-30%. We found no consistent association between any semen variable and alcohol consumption, which was low/moderate in this group (median weekly intake 8 units), either for total consumption or consumption by type of alcohol. However, we found a linear association between total alcohol consumption and total or free testosterone in both groups of men. Young and fertile men who consumed >20 units of alcohol per week had, respectively, 24.6 pmol/l (95% confidence interval 16.3-32.9) and 19.7 pmol/l (7.1-32.2) higher free testosterone than men with a weekly intake between 1 and 10 units. Alcohol intake was not significantly associated with serum inhibin B, FSH or LH levels in either group of men. The study is the largest of its kind and has sufficient power to detect changes in semen quality and reproductive hormones. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The participation rate was low, but higher than in most previous semen quality studies. In addition, the study was cross-sectional and the men were asked to recall their alcohol intake in the previous week, which was used as a marker of intake up to 3 months before. If consumption in that week differed from the typical weekly intake and the intake 3 months earlier, misclassification of exposure may have occurred. However, the men were unaware of their semen quality when they responded to the questions about alcohol intake. Furthermore, we cannot exclude that our findings are due to unmeasured confounders, including diet, exercise, stress, occupation and risk-taking behavior. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study suggests that moderate alcohol intake is not adversely associated with semen quality in healthy men, whereas it was associated with higher serum testosterone levels which may be due to a changed metabolism of testosterone in the liver. Healthy men may therefore be advised that occasional moderate alcohol intake may not harm their reproductive health; we cannot address the risk of high alcohol consumption of longer duration or binge drinking on semen quality and male reproductive hormones. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS All funding sources were non-profitable and sponsors of this study played no role in the study design, in data collection, analysis, or interpretation, or in the writing of the article. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwsparken 17, Odense, Denmark Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bruce Redmon
- Department of Medicine and Urologic Surgery, University Of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Margus Punab
- Department of Andrology Unit, Tartu University Clinicum, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erma Z Drobnis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Trine Berit Haugen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birute Zilaitiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Amy E Sparks
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D Stewart Irvine
- Medical Directorate, NHS Education for Scotland, Edinburgh, UK Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christina Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Jouannet
- Biologie de la Reproduction, Hopital Cochin - Universite Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Charlene Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Uwe Paasch
- Department of Dermatology/Andrology Unit, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Salzbrunn
- Department of Andrology, Universitatsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Erik Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Habauzit V, Morand C. Evidence for a protective effect of polyphenols-containing foods on cardiovascular health: an update for clinicians. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2012; 3:87-106. [PMID: 23251771 PMCID: PMC3513903 DOI: 10.1177/2040622311430006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that polyphenols could be serious candidates to explain the protective effects of plant-derived foods and beverages. Based on current studies, a general consensus has been achieved to sustain the hypothesis that the specific intake of foods and beverages containing relatively high concentrations of flavonoids may play a meaningful role in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk through an improvement in vascular function and a modulation of inflammation. This review aims at providing an update on the effects of the consumption of polyphenols-rich foods on intermediate clinical markers of CVD in humans, namely cholesterolemia, blood pressure, endothelial function and platelet function. To date, on the basis of clinical studies, the demonstration is particularly convincing for flavonoids from cocoa-derived products and to a lesser extent for those of tea. While additional studies in this area are clearly needed, incorporating plant foods that are rich in flavanols in the diet of healthy individuals could help to reduce CVD risk. For flavonoids from fruits such as berries, pomegranate, grapes or citrus fruits and those from beverages such as red wine or coffee, the evidence is so far inconclusive. This is primarily due to the limited number and the weakness of experimental designs of the studies performed with these dietary sources. Future long-term well-designed investigations with polyphenols-rich foods but also with isolated phenolic compounds would provide valuable information to establish public health recommendations on polyphenols, taking into account both the nature of the compounds and the optimal dose, for cardiovascular health protection.
Collapse
|
20
|
Soares de Moura R, da Costa GF, Moreira ASB, Queiroz EF, Moreira DDC, Garcia-Souza EP, Resende ÂC, Moura AS, Teixeira MT. Vitis vinifera L. grape skin extract activates the insulin-signalling cascade and reduces hyperglycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:268-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study examined the effect of Vitis vinifera grape skin extract (ACH09) on hyperglycaemia and the insulin-signalling cascade in alloxan-treated mice.
Methods
Glycaemia, serum insulin and Western blot analysis of insulin cascade proteins were evaluated in the gastrocnemius muscles of four groups of adult mice: control, ACH09 (200 mg/kg per day, p.o.), alloxan (300 mg/kg, i.p.) and alloxan + ACH09. Insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets was also studied.
Key findings
Glycaemia values in the alloxan + ACH09 and ACH09 groups were significantly lower than in the alloxan-treated and control groups, respectively. Increased insulin resistance (HOMA index) was observed in the alloxan-treated group but not in the alloxan + ACH09 group. Insulin receptor content and Akt phosphorylation were significantly greater in the alloxan + ACH09 group compared with the alloxan-treated group. The glucose transporter (GLUT-4) content was reduced in alloxan-treated mice compared with the control group, while alloxan + ACH09 and ACH09-treated mice showed a significant increase in GLUT-4 content. ACH09 treatment did not change glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets.
Conclusions
The results suggest that ACH09 has hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects that are independent of an increase in insulin release but are probably dependent on an increase in insulin sensitivity resulting from an activation of the insulin-signalling cascade in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniele Dal Col Moreira
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Aché Laboratories S.A., Guarulhos, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology of Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aníbal Sanchez Moura
- Department of Pharmacology of Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|