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Migała M, Chałubińska-Fendler J, Zielińska M. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol as a Marker of Acute Hyperglycemia in Cardiovascular Events. Rev Diabet Stud 2022; 18:68-75. [PMID: 35831937 PMCID: PMC10044046 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2022.18.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a biomarker of acute hyperglycemia in diabetology and also in cardiodiabetology. It is used to monitor fluctuating glucose levels. 1,5-AG is a monosaccharide that is biochemically similar to D-glucose and originates from the nutrition. The presence of
1,5-AG in blood and tissue is nearly constant due to reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. In acute hyperglycemia, renal reabsorption is inhibited by glucose and 1,5- AG is excreted in the urine, while its serum level decreases rapidly. 1,5-AG reflects glucose excursions over 1-3 days
to 2 weeks. In this regard, low levels of serum 1,5-AG can be a clinical marker of short- term glycemic derangements such as postprandial hyperglycemia, which is an important risk factor for the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) as low levels of 1,5-AG reflect severe plaque calcification
in CAD and correlate with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. For these reasons, 1,5-AG may also be a marker for atherosclerosis; in fact an even better marker than HbA1c or fructosamine which are normally used. 1,5-AG may also be a predictor of cardiovascular disease, left
ventricular dysfunction after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and mortality after ACS. This articles reviews the current knowledge on 1,5-AG related to its use as predictor for cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Migała
- Department of Intensive Cardiac Therapy. Medical University of Lodz. Lodz. Poland
| | | | - Marzenna Zielińska
- Department of Intensive Cardiac Therapy. Medical University of Lodz. Lodz. Poland
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Wu Z, Jankowski V, Jankowski J. Irreversible post-translational modifications - Emerging cardiovascular risk factors. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 86:101010. [PMID: 34404548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the introduction of lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensives, antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies for primary prevention of cardiovascular and heart diseases (CVD), it remains the number one cause of death globally, raising the question for novel/further essential factors besides traditional risk factors such as cholesterol, blood pressure and coagulation. With continuous identification and characterization of non-enzymatic post-translationally modified isoforms of proteins and lipoproteins, it is becoming increasingly clear that irreversible non-enzymatic post-translational modifications (nPTMs) alter the biological functions of native proteins and lipoproteins thereby transforming innate serum components into CVD mediators. In particular renal insufficiency and metabolic imbalance are major contributors to the systemically increased concentration of reactive metabolites and thus increased frequency of nPTMs, promoting multi-morbid disease development centering around cardiovascular disease. nPTMs are significantly involved in the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease and represent a significant and novel risk factor. These insights represent potentially new avenues for risk assessment, prevention and therapy. This review chapter summarizes all forms of nPTMs found in CKD and under metabolic imbalance and discusses the biochemical connections between molecular alterations and the pathological impact on increased cardiovascular risk, novel nPTM-associated non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical implication of nPTM in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Wu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Renganathan S, Pillai RG. Antioxidant activities of Dhanwantaram Kashayam -an Ayurvedic poly herbal formulation alleviates diabetic complications in rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1345-1355. [PMID: 33553031 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Phytochemicals of ethno medicines are being developed as effective drugs with minimum or no toxic side effects. Dhanwantaram Kashayam (DK) is a polyherbal formulation used as a potent general health tonic and is found to have antioxidant activities, but there are no proper scientific studies on its possible benefits. In this study we investigated the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of DK and trying to explore the possibility of employing DK for the treatment of diseases like diabetes mellitus caused by the imbalance in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Methods We investigated the effect of DK on normal and rat model of diabetes. Rats were fed with DK for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose level, haemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, non enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, and MDA were evaluated. Results DK was found to ameliorate the disease symptoms of diabetes. A significant decrease in non enzymatic antioxidants - vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione and an increase in MDA and fasting blood glucose level was observed in diabetic rats. Administration of DK resulted significant increase in non enzymatic antioxidant levels both in diabetic and normal rats and a decrease in MDA, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and HOMA-IR index was observed. Conclusion This study reveals the protective role of DK in diabetic condition through its antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity. Our results strongly indicate the possibility of DK being developed as a potent antidiabetic drug. DK could be an alternative in the treatment of diseases with ROS imbalance to expensive and toxic synthetic 'medicines'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Renganathan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, 673635 India
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Intharachuti W, Sriratanaban J. Does reviewing fasting plasma glucose results patterns before glycosylated hemoglobin testing in type-2 diabetic patients lead to better testing decision? Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2080-2085. [PMID: 31235140 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test for blood glucose control in type-2 diabetic patients is recommended at least once annually under the guidelines of the Thai National Health Security Office (NHSO) benefits coverage. With limited resources and capability for HbA1c testing in most primary-care providers, this study explored patterns of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) tests for proper timing of HbA1c test would increase value of the money spent. METHODS A retrospective review of laboratory findings of 4906 type-2 diabetic outpatients in two university hospitals in Thailand was conducted. Percentages of discordant results between the indexed FPG and HbA1c tests were compared between the patient groups with different FPG patterns before HbA1c testing and the control group of randomly selected cases. RESULTS Having HbA1c tested after two and three consecutively normal FPG tests (OO and OOO patterns) were found to have significantly less discordance than the control group (-9.6% and -15.7%). HbA1c testing after two abnormal and one normal consecutive FPG tests (XXO pattern) gained the discordant results by 24.8%. CONCLUSIONS Some FPG patterns were more predictive of HbA1c findings than focusing on one-time FPG results. Reviewing and recognizing certain patterns of FPGs prior to taking HbA1c tests can lead to better HbA1c testing decision than randomly prescribing the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichaporn Intharachuti
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiruth Sriratanaban
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Thailand Research Center for Health Services System, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ghasemi H, Karimi J, Khodadadi I, Saidijam M, Tavilani H. Association between rs2278426 (C/T) and rs892066 (C/G) variants of ANGPTL8 (betatrophin) and susceptibility to type2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22649. [PMID: 30191588 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is a hormone that mainly secreted from the liver and adipose tissue and plays an important role in the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells and lipid metabolism. Therefore, we studied the association of ANGPTL8 rs2278426 (C/T) and rs892066 (C/G) polymorphisms with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their association with biochemical parameters. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-eight subjects (controls; n = 138 and type 2 diabetic patients; n = 150) were enrolled in this study. Direct haplotyping was performed using amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-RFLP-PCR. RESULTS The CT genotype frequency of rs2278426 (C/T) variant was significantly higher in T2DM patients compared to the controls group (P = 0.02), and there was a significant association between this genotype and increased risk of T2DM (OR: 2.41, CI: 1.26-4.59, P = 0.007). In addition, there was a significant relationship between CT genotype of this variant and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, insulin resistance and glycated hemoglobin (P < 0.05). Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that arginine (Arg) to tryptophan (Trp) substitution at rs2278426 position causes structural instability of ANGPTL8 protein. Genotype and allele distribution of rs892066 (C/G) was not statistically significant in T2DM patients compared to the control group. The distribution of haplotypes had no significant difference between controls and T2DM patients (P = 0.24). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the rs2278426 (C/T) variant is associated with increased risk of T2DM and may cause dyslipidemia due to its effect on decreasing HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Huri HZ, Huey CC, Mustafa N, Mohamad NF, Kamalden TA. Association of glycemic control with progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Malaysia. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000217484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hasniza Zaman Huri
- University of Malaya, Malaysia; University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia
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Luo PP, Xu HS, Chen YW, Wu SP. Periodontal disease severity is associated with micronutrient intake. Aust Dent J 2018; 63:193-201. [PMID: 29509277 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P-P Luo
- Department of Stomatology; Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - H-S Xu
- Department of Stomatology; Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Y-W Chen
- Statistics with Applications in Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - S-P Wu
- Department of Stomatology; Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
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Blonde L, Aschner P, Bailey C, Ji L, Leiter LA, Matthaei S. Gaps and barriers in the control of blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:172-183. [PMID: 28467203 PMCID: PMC5418936 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116679775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycaemic control is suboptimal in a large proportion of people with type 2 diabetes who are consequently at an increased and avoidable risk of potentially severe complications. We sought to explore attitudes and practices among healthcare professionals that may contribute to suboptimal glycaemic control through a review of recent relevant publications in the scientific literature. METHODS An electronic search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant publications from January 2011 to July 2015. The electronic search was complemented by a manual search of abstracts from key diabetes conferences in 2014/2015 available online. RESULTS Recently published data indicate that glycaemic control is suboptimal in a substantial proportion (typically 40%-60%) of people with diabetes. This is the case across geographic regions and in both low- and higher-income countries. Therapeutic inertia appears to be an important contributor to poor glycaemic control in up to half of people with type 2 diabetes. In particular, prescribers are often willing to tolerate extended periods of 'mild' hyperglycaemia as well as having low expectations for their patients. There are often delays of 3 years or longer in initiating or intensifying glucose-lowering therapy when needed. CONCLUSION Many people with type 2 diabetes are failed by current management, with approximately half not achieving or maintaining appropriate target blood glucose levels, leaving these patients at increased and avoidable risk of serious complications. Review criteria: The methodology of this review article is detailed in the 'Methods' section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Blonde
- Department of Endocrinology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Lawrence Blonde, Department of Endocrinology, Ochsner Medical Center, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
| | - Pablo Aschner
- Endocrinology Unit, Javeriana University School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Clifford Bailey
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Linong Ji
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Keenan Research Center in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital and Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephan Matthaei
- Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology Center, Quakenbrück Hospital, Quakenbrück, Germany
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Govender RD, Gathiram P, Panajatovic M. Poor control and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus at an under-resourced South African Hospital: is it a case of clinical inertia? S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1307909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romona Devi Govender
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prem Gathiram
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Miljenko Panajatovic
- Department of Family Medicine, Port Shepstone Regional Hospital, Port Shepstone, South Africa
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Barman I, Barman K, Purohit MM, Choudhury M, Choudhury AK, Choudhury MK. A study of mental stress and antioxidant profile in the Assamese-speaking diabetic population of Assam, India. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-015-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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