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Gaolaolwe W, Manyedi E, Serapelwane M. Family members' experiences of courtesy stigma associated with mental illness. Health SA 2023; 28:2184. [PMID: 37670747 PMCID: PMC10476503 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The stigma of mental illness has been in existence from medieval times to date and it is extended to families of people diagnosed with mental illness. Families with a member diagnosed with a mental illness experience courtesy stigma of mental illness and it affects the quality of their lives. Aim This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of courtesy stigma of families with a member diagnosed with a mental illness in Lobatse, Botswana. Setting The study was conducted at a psychiatric hospital in Lobatse, Botswana. Methods A qualitative contextual phenomenological design was used for this study. The population comprised of members from families with a person diagnosed with a mental illness and the sample size was 15 participants. Semi-structured in-depth individual interviews were conducted telephonically. Results The study yielded three main themes and related subthemes. The themes were: families' experiences of received stigma, families' experiences of stigma by association, and families' experiences of internal stigma. Conclusion Families with a member diagnosed with mental illness experience received stigma, associated stigma and internal stigma. The families experienced that they received dehumanising labels from the public because of their association with their mentally ill family members. Contribution With the insights gained from the findings of this study, programmes can be developed that raise awareness on stigma of mental illness and to promote support of families of people diagnosed with a mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wada Gaolaolwe
- Department of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Lobatse Institute of Health Sciences, Lobatse, Botswana
| | - Eva Manyedi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Maserapelo Serapelwane
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
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Bailie CR, Pillai PS, Goodwin Singh A, Leishman J, Grills NJ, Mathias K. Does the Nae Umeed group intervention improve mental health and social participation? A pre-post study in Uttarakhand, India. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e47. [PMID: 37854393 PMCID: PMC10579688 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few evidence-based interventions to support caregiver mental health developed for low- and middle-income countries. Nae Umeed is a community-based group intervention developed with collaboratively with local community health workers in Uttarakhand, India primarily to promote mental wellbeing for caregivers and others. This pre-post study aimed to evaluate whether Nae Umeed improved mental health and social participation for people with mental distress, including caregivers. The intervention consisted of 14 structured group sessions facilitated by community health workers. Among 115 adult participants, 20% were caregivers and 80% were people with disability and other vulnerable community members; 62% had no formal education and 92% were female. Substantial and statistically significant improvements occurred in validated psychometric measures for mental health (12-Item General Health Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and social participation (Participation Scale). Improvements occurred regardless of caregiver status. This intervention addressed mental health and social participation for marginalised groups that are typically without access to formal mental health care and findings suggest Nae Umeed improved mental health and social participation; however, a controlled community trial would be required to prove causation. Community-based group interventions are a promising approach to improving the mental health of vulnerable groups in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Bailie
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pooja S. Pillai
- Burans, Herbertpur Christian Hospital, Emmanuel Hospital Association, Dehradun, India
| | - Atul Goodwin Singh
- Burans, Herbertpur Christian Hospital, Emmanuel Hospital Association, Dehradun, India
| | - Jed Leishman
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nathan J. Grills
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaaren Mathias
- Burans, Herbertpur Christian Hospital, Emmanuel Hospital Association, Dehradun, India
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Ahmad A, Salve HR, Nongkynrih B, Sagar R, Krishnan A. Mental health literacy among adolescents: Evidence from a community-based study in Delhi. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:791-797. [PMID: 33840255 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is the ability to recognize mental disorders, along with knowledge of professional help available, effective self-help strategies, skills to give support to others, and knowledge of how to prevent mental disorders. Adequate MHL is linked to better health-seeking behavior and management of mental illness. AIM To assess the MHL related to depression and anxiety among adolescents of age 15 to 19 years residing in Delhi. METHODS A survey was conducted among adolescents in southeast Delhi. MHL was assessed using sex-matched vignettes of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) like depression and anxiety. MHL was assessed under domains of identifications of disorders, help-seeking behavior, knowledge about prevention, and stigmatizing attitude toward the respective illness. Statistical analysis was done in STATA and percentage of participants with adequate MHL in various domains was calculated, and difference between various groups was examined using chi-square test. RESULTS A total of 491 adolescents participated (response rate of 87.2%) of whom a 50.3% were girls and 57.8% were 15 to 17 years of age. Only 50 (10.2%) participants identified depression vignette as that of depression and 51 (10.4%) identified vignette of anxiety disorder as the same. No statistically significant gender differential in MHL was seen (p value = .8). The stigmatizing attitude, assessed by asking a series of questions suggesting stigma toward the particular illness, was observed among almost all participants (depression -99.4%, and anxiety disorders -96.1%). 18.3% and 18.7% of participants reported correct knowledge about the prevention of depression and anxiety respectively. Four hundred and twenty-two (86%) identified the need to seek help for symptoms reported in vignettes. Of these, 234 (55%) preferred parents, and 62 (14.7%) look after friends for any help. CONCLUSION Adolescents residing in Delhi reported poor MHL for Common Mental Disorders. High stigma and poor help-seeking behavior was also observed among the participants toward CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmad
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshal Ramesh Salve
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baridalyne Nongkynrih
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Directly engaging with People with lived experiences of mental illness from the communities in India. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Postpartum depression: Mental health literacy of Indian mothers. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:631-637. [PMID: 34861956 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression is a significant public health issue. It is important to understand new mothers' awareness on depression during the postpartum period. AIM This study was aimed to understand the postpartum depression literacy of postpartum women. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey carried out among randomly selected mothers (N = 279) attending a paediatric tertiary care center. The data was collected through face-to-face interview technique using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Our findings revealed that merely 50.7% of the postpartum mothers had an adequate level of knowledge on postpartum depression. Postpartum depression literacy was significantly associated with participants' age (P < 0.01), income (p < 0.006) and occupational status (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study highlight specific gaps in postpartum depression literacy which may compromise the help-seeking behaviours of postpartum mothers. The findings also suggest an urgent need to sensitize women about postpartum depression.
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Jafari A, Nejatian M, Momeniyan V, Barsalani FR, Tehrani H. Mental health literacy and quality of life in Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:499. [PMID: 34641793 PMCID: PMC8507341 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is one of the effective factors in the quality of life of people. The aim of the present study was to determine the status of mental health literacy (MHL) and its relationship with the quality of life across the Iranian general population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a multi-stage sampling method was used to survey 1070 participants from the city of Gonabad (Iran). The data collection tools were demographics section, mental health literacy scale (MHLS), and quality of life (SF-12) questionnaires. The data was analyzed by SPSS software version 24 using Independent sample t- test, One- way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of the total scores of MHL and quality of life were 113.54 (10.34) and 35.26 (6.42), respectively. The results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between MHL and the quality of life (p < 0.001). In this study, there was a significant relationship between variables of sex, level of education, plus received information about mental illness and MHL (p < 0.001). The quality of life was higher in participants whose family members did not have a mental illness, had a high-income level, and received information about mental illness (p < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that there was a significant relationship between the ability to recognize mental disorders plus knowledge of where to seek information and obtaining information related to mental health (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, there was a correlation between health literacy and quality of life, and more attention should be paid to MHL. Thus, appropriate programs should be designed and implemented to enhance the level of MHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafari
- grid.411924.b0000 0004 0611 9205Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Nejatian
- grid.411924.b0000 0004 0611 9205Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Momeniyan
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani Barsalani
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Marangu E, Mansouri F, Sands N, Ndetei D, Muriithi P, Wynter K, Rawson H. Assessing mental health literacy of primary health care workers in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Ment Health Syst 2021; 15:55. [PMID: 34074318 PMCID: PMC8170792 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-021-00481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess mental health literacy of health workers in primary health care services in Kenya. BACKGROUND Mental illness is common in Kenya, yet there are fewer than 500 specialist mental health workers to serve Kenya's population of over 50 million. The World Health Organization recommends the integration of mental health care into primary health care services to improve access to and equity of this care, especially in low and middle-income countries. An important step to integrating mental health care into primary health care services is to determine mental health literacy levels of the primary health care workforce. METHOD A cross-sectional survey using Jorm's Mental Health Literacy Instrument (adapted for the Kenyan context) was administered to 310 primary health care workers in four counties of Kenya. RESULTS Of the 310 questionnaires distributed, 212 (68.3%) were returned. Of the respondents, 13% had a formal mental health qualification, while only 8.7% had received relevant continuing professional development in the five years preceding the survey. Just over one third (35.6%) of primary health care workers could correctly identify depression, with even fewer recognising schizophrenia (15.7%). CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary information about mental health literacy among primary health care workers in Kenya. The majority of respondents had low mental health literacy as indicated by their inability to identify common mental disorders. While identifying gaps in primary health care workers' mental health knowledge, these data highlight opportunities for capacity building that can enhance mental health care in Kenya and similar low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Marangu
- National Indigenous Knowledges Education Research Innovation (NIKERI) Institute, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | - Fethi Mansouri
- Institute for Citizenship & Globalisation, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | | | - David Ndetei
- Department of Psychiatry, Nairobi University, P.O Box 48423-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peterson Muriithi
- School of Population Health, Nairobi University, P.O Box 19676-00202 KNH, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Karen Wynter
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood Campus. Building Y, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Helen Rawson
- Nursing & Midwifery, Monash University, Level 3, Building 13D. 35 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Pathak A, Biswal R. Mental Illness in Indian Hindi Cinema: Production, Representation, and Reception before and After Media Convergence. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:74-80. [PMID: 34349311 PMCID: PMC8295583 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620927869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Pathak
- Dept. of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ramakrishna Biswal
- Dept. of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Rahmani F, Ranjbar F, Hosseinzadeh M, Razavi SS, Dickens GL, Vahidi M. Coping strategies of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Iran: A cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Sci 2019; 6:148-153. [PMID: 31406884 PMCID: PMC6608655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify coping strategies used by family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and their determinants. METHODS This was a descriptive correlational study. Participants were 225 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia who were referred to the psychiatric clinic at one large teaching referral hospital in Iran. They were selected through purposive sampling method. Data collection tools were demographic and clinical data form, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Family Coping Questionnaire (FCQ). RESULTS The score of caregiver burden was 65.14 ± 9.17. Of 225 family caregivers, 23.11% used an avoiding coping strategy. There was a significant relationship between caregiver burden and coping strategies (P < 0.001). The regression model showed that adaptive coping strategies were significantly associated with some demographic characteristics including age, education level, gender, employment status, losing the job because of caregiving responsibilities, perceived income adequacy, duration of illness, duration of caregiving and caregiver burden (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia experience a high level of burden, which can put them at risk of using maladaptive coping strategies. Mental health professionals should plan programs that support both family caregivers and patients in clinical and community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Rahmani
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ranjbar
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Health Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajjad Razavi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shohada Educational Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Geoffrey L. Dickens
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, Western Sydney University and South Western Sydney Local Health District, Ingham Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maryam Vahidi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mental health literacy in family caregivers: A comparative analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 31:58-62. [PMID: 29414389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the current level of mental health literacy in family caregivers and to compare the changes over a 23-year period between 1993 and 2016. The current sample consisted of 60 family caregivers of patients with major mental illness from the in-patient and out-patient departments of NIMHANS, assessed on the Orientation towards Mental Illness Scale (OMI). This was compared with data of 80 family caregivers from previous study done in 1993. Family caregivers in the current study showed a significant positive trend on comparison with the previous study. However, area of abnormal behaviour shows a worsening of negative attitudes. Hopelessness and hypo-functioning, relating to the factor of after-effects of mental illness show no significant difference. While knowledge about mental illnesses can be improved by providing information, this does not automatically translate to integration of the mentally ill in society. Current initiatives need to be matched with specific and sustained efforts to reduce stigma associated with mental illness which have persisted unchanged.
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Mahfouz MS, Aqeeli A, Makeen AM, Hakami RM, Najmi HH, Mobarki AT, Haroobi MH, Almalki SM, Mahnashi MA, Ageel OA. Mental Health Literacy Among Undergraduate Students of a Saudi Tertiary Institution: A Cross-sectional Study. Ment Illn 2016; 8:6806. [PMID: 28217273 PMCID: PMC5225830 DOI: 10.4081/mi.2016.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of mental health literacy has been widely studied in developed countries, with few studies conducted in Arab countries. In this study we aimed to investigate mental health literacy and attitudes towards psychiatric patients among students of Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A crosssectional study was conducted among undergraduate students using a validated Arabicversion questionnaire. A total of 557 students were recruited from different Jazan university colleges. The majority of students (90.3%) have intermediate mental health literacy. Regarding the etiology of mental illness, students agreed that genetic inheritance (45.8%), poor quality of life (65%) and social relationship weakness (73.1%) are the main causes of mental illness. The majority thought that mentally ill people are not capable of true friendships (52.5%) and that anyone can suffer from a mental illness (49.4%). Students’ attitudes towards psychiatric patients were mixed, with 68.7% reporting that they could maintain a friendship with a mentally ill person and that people with mental illness should have the same rights as anyone else (82.5%). Mental health literacy among university students was intermediate. There is an urgent need for health educational programs to change the attitudes of students regarding this important health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jazan University , Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anwar M Makeen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi M Hakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University , Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim H Najmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University , Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Osayd A Ageel
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University , Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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