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Reddy DS, Abeygunaratne HN. Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11734. [PMID: 36233034 PMCID: PMC9570151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers are vital for diagnostics of brain disease and therapeutic monitoring. A biomarker can be objectively measured and evaluated as a proxy indicator for the pathophysiological process or response to therapeutic interventions. There are complex hurdles in understanding the molecular pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the ability to diagnose them at initial stages. Novel biomarkers for neurological diseases may surpass these issues, especially for early identification of disease risk. Validated biomarkers can measure the severity and progression of both acute neuronal injury and chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and other brain diseases. Biomarkers are deployed to study progression and response to treatment, including noninvasive imaging tools for both acute and chronic brain conditions. Neuronal biomarkers are classified into four core subtypes: blood-based, immunohistochemical-based, neuroimaging-based, and electrophysiological biomarkers. Neuronal conditions have progressive stages, such as acute injury, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis, which can serve as indices of pathological status. Biomarkers are critical for the targeted identification of specific molecules, cells, tissues, or proteins that dramatically alter throughout the progression of brain conditions. There has been tremendous progress with biomarkers in acute conditions and chronic diseases affecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Intercollegiate School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hasara Nethma Abeygunaratne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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Kram H, Prokop G, Haller B, Gempt J, Wu Y, Schmidt-Graf F, Schlegel J, Conrad M, Liesche-Starnecker F. Glioblastoma Relapses Show Increased Markers of Vulnerability to Ferroptosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841418. [PMID: 35530303 PMCID: PMC9071304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the availability of various therapy options and being a widely focused research area, the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) still remains very poor due to therapy resistance, genetic heterogeneity and a diffuse infiltration pattern. The recently described non-apoptotic form of cell death ferroptosis may, however, offer novel opportunities for targeted therapies. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of ferroptosis in GBM, including the impact of treatment on the expression of the two ferroptosis-associated players glutathione-peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA-synthetase long-chain family number 4 (ACSL4). Furthermore, the change in expression of the recently identified ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A3 was investigated. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on sample pairs of primary and relapse GBM of 24 patients who had received standard adjuvant treatment with radiochemotherapy. To identify cell types generally prone to undergo ferroptosis, co-stainings of ferroptosis susceptibility genes in combination with cell-type specific markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for tumor cells and astrocytes, as well as the ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) for microglial cells were performed, supplemented by double stains combining GPX4 and ACSL4. Results While the expression of GPX4 decreased significantly during tumor relapse, ACSL4 showed a significant increase. These results were confirmed by analyses of data sets of the Cancer Genome Atlas. These profound changes indicate an increased susceptibility of relapsed tumors towards oxidative stress and associated ferroptosis, a cell death modality characterized by unrestrained lipid peroxidation. Moreover, ALDH1A3 and FSP1 expression also increased in the relapses with significant results for ALDH1A3, whereas for FSP1, statistical significance was not reached. Results obtained from double staining imply that ferroptosis occurs more likely in GBM tumor cells than in microglial cells. Conclusion Our study implies that ferroptosis takes place in GBM tumor cells. Moreover, we show that recurrent tumors have a higher vulnerability to ferroptosis. These results affirm that utilizing ferroptosis processes might be a possible novel therapy option, especially in the situation of recurrent GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kram
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Prokop
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmidt-Graf
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chen W, Cheng X, Wang X, Hu W, Wang J, Liao C. Caveolin-1 promotes tumor cell proliferation and vasculogenic mimicry formation in human glioma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10653. [PMID: 34287575 PMCID: PMC8289350 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) plays an important role in human glioma progression and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy as a compensatory neovascularization mechanism in malignant tumors. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) has been found to contribute to VM formation. However, it remains largely unknown whether Cav-1 expression correlates with VM in glioma. In this study, we examined CAV-1 expression levels and VM in human glioma cell lines and in 94 human gliomas with different grades of malignancy, and present Cox proportional hazards regression. The molecular role of Cav-1 in glioma cells was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays, western blotting, CCK-8 assays, and tubule formation assays. Cav-1 expression and VM formation were positively correlated with each other and both were closely associated with glioma development and progression as evidenced by the presence of cystic tumor, shortened survival time, and advanced-stage glioma in glioma patients with Cav-1 overexpression/increased VM formation. Cav-1 promoted U251 glioma cell proliferation and VM formation in a Matrigel-based 3D culture model. VM-associated factors including hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and p-Akt was significantly elevated by Cav-1 overexpression but suppressed by siCav-1 in U251 cells. Collectively, our study identified Cav-1 as an important regulator of glioma cell proliferation and VM formation, contributing to glioma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Laboratory of Ocular Neurovascular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinshan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangxin Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nguyen TYT, Cacciottola L, Camboni A, Ravau J, De Vos M, Demeestere I, Donnez J, Dolmans MM. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation in patients with central nervous system tumours. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1296-1309. [PMID: 33394011 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a possibility of reseeding cancer cells potentially present in frozen ovarian tissue from patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours? SUMMARY ANSWER Malignancy reseeding in cryopreserved ovarian tissue from 20 patients with CNS tumours was not detected by histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), molecular biology or xenotransplantation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Ovarian metastasis potential has been documented in patients with leukaemia, borderline ovarian tumours, advanced breast cancer and Ewing sarcoma. However, data on the safety of transplanting frozen-thawed ovarian tissue from cancer patients with CNS tumours are still lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective experimental study was conducted in an academic gynaecology research laboratory using cryopreserved ovarian cortex from 20 patients suffering from CNS tumours. Long-term (5 months) xenografting was performed in immunodeficient mice. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Subjects enrolled in the study were suffering from one of six types of CNS tumours including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, astrocytoma, glioblastoma and germinoma. The presence of malignant cells was investigated with disease-specific markers for each patient in cryopreserved and xenografted ovarian tissue by histology, IHC via expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) for quantification of GFAP and ENO2 gene amplification. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Serial sections of cryopreserved and xenografted ovarian tissue from 20 patients showed no malignant cells by histology. All samples were negative for NSE and GFAP, although these neural markers were expressed extensively in the patients' primary tumours. Analysis by RT-ddPCR revealed no cancer cells detected in cryopreserved and xenografted ovarian fragments from subjects with astrocytoma, ependymoma, glioblastoma or medulloblastoma. Taken together, the study found no evidence of malignancy seeding in frozen-thawed and xenotransplanted ovarian tissue from patients affected by CNS cancers. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This analysis cannot guarantee complete elimination of disseminated disease from all cryopreserved ovarian cortex, since we are unable to examine the fragments used for transplantation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to be conducted in patients with CNS cancers undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, and clearly demonstrates no tumour seeding in their frozen-thawed and xenografted tissue. This information is vital for doctors to provide patients with meaningful and accurate advice on the possibilities and risks of ovarian tissue reimplantation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by grants from the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique-the Excellence of Science (FNRS-EOS), number 30443682 awarded to M.-M.D. and T.Y.T.N., FNRS grant number 5/4/150/5 and FNRS-PDR Convention grant number T.0077.14 awarded to M.-M.D., grant 2018-042 from the Foundation Against Cancer awarded to A.C., and private donations (Ferrero, de Spoelberch). The authors declare no competing financial interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Yen Thi Nguyen
- Pôle de Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luciana Cacciottola
- Pôle de Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Camboni
- Pôle de Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joachim Ravau
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel De Vos
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Follicle Biology Laboratory (FOBI), UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Demeestere
- Research Laboratory in Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Donnez
- Société de Recherche pour l'Infertilité (SRI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Madeleine Dolmans
- Pôle de Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Gynecology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Sánchez-Salazar MG, Álvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G. Advances in 3D bioprinting for the biofabrication of tumor models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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He S, Peng J, Li L, Xu Y, Wu X, Yu J, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhang R, Wang W. High expression of cytokeratin CAM5.2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17104. [PMID: 31517842 PMCID: PMC6750307 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a common human malignant tumor with high mortality. Glandular epithelial markers, such as CAM5.2, can be expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the clinical significance of these cells in ESCC remains elusive.Immunohistochemical analysis of CAM5.2 was performed on 604 ESCC specimens using tissue microarray. Our study design and study population used retrospective cohorts based on the hospital information system and pathological information management system which included medical information, date of admission, procedures undergone, registration, examinations, and medication.In total, positive staining of CAM5.2 was 145 of 604 (24%). Statistical analysis showed that the expression of CAM5.2 had no relationship with sex, age, tumor differentiation, tumor size, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, and lymph node metastasis, but it was significantly associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (P = .0041) and disease-free survival (P = .0048) in ESCC patients.Herein, we report for the first time that the high expression of the CAM 5.2 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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Ventero MP, Fuentes-Baile M, Quereda C, Perez-Valeciano E, Alenda C, Garcia-Morales P, Esposito D, Dorado P, Manuel Barbera V, Saceda M. Radiotherapy resistance acquisition in Glioblastoma. Role of SOCS1 and SOCS3. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212581. [PMID: 30811476 PMCID: PMC6392282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a poor prognosis type of tumour due to its resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. SOCS1 and SOCS3 have been associated with tumour progression and response to treatments in different kinds of cancers, including GBM. In this study, cell lines of IDH-wildtype GBM from primary cultures were obtained, and the role of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the radiotherapy response was analysed. Fifty-two brain aspirates from GBM patients were processed, and six new cell lines of IDH-wildtype GBM were established. These new cell lines were characterized according to the WHO classification of CNS tumours. SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression levels were determined, at mRNA level by Q-PCR, at protein level by immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analysis. The results showed that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are overexpressed in GBM, as compared to a non-tumoral brain RNA pool. SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression were reduced by siRNA, and it was found that SOCS3 inhibition increases radioresistance in GBM cell lines, suggesting a key role of SOCS3 in radioresistant acquisition. In addition, radioresistant clonal populations obtained by selective pressure on these cell cultures also showed a significant decrease in SOCS3 expression, while SOCS1 remained unchanged. Furthermore, the induction of SOCS3 expression, under a heterologous promoter, in a radiotherapy resistant GBM cell line increased its radiosensitivity, supporting an important implication of SOCS3 in radiotherapy resistance acquisition. Finally, the treatment with TSA in the most radioresistant established cell line produced an increase in the effect of radiotherapy, that correlated with an increase in the expression of SOCS3. These effects of TSA disappeared if the increase in the expression of SOCS3 prevented with an siRNA against SOCS3. Thus, SOCS3 signal transduction pathway (JAK/STAT) could be useful to unmask new putative targets to improve radiotherapy response in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Ventero
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
| | - Maria Fuentes-Baile
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, C/ Maestro Alonso, Alicante (Alicante), Spain
| | - Cristina Quereda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante (Alicante), Spain
| | - Elizabeth Perez-Valeciano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Ed. Torregaitan, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Cristina Alenda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, C/ Maestro Alonso, Alicante (Alicante), Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Morales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Ed. Torregaitan, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Danilo Esposito
- Unidad de Oncología Radioterápica, ERESA, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
| | - Pilar Dorado
- Unidad de Oncología Radioterápica, ERESA, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
| | - Victor Manuel Barbera
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante (Alicante), Spain
- * E-mail: (VMB); (MS)
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Ed. Torregaitan, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
- * E-mail: (VMB); (MS)
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8
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van Bodegraven EJ, van Asperen JV, Robe PAJ, Hol EM. Importance of GFAP isoform-specific analyses in astrocytoma. Glia 2019; 67:1417-1433. [PMID: 30667110 PMCID: PMC6617972 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarkers are still being used. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a classical marker of astrocytoma, both in clinical and experimental settings. GFAP is used to determine glial differentiation, which is associated with a less malignant tumor. However, since GFAP is not only expressed by mature astrocytes but also by radial glia during development and neural stem cells in the adult brain, we hypothesized that GFAP expression in astrocytoma might not be a direct indication of glial differentiation and a less malignant phenotype. Therefore, we here review all existing literature from 1972 up to 2018 on GFAP expression in astrocytoma patient material to revisit GFAP as a marker of lower grade, more differentiated astrocytoma. We conclude that GFAP is heterogeneously expressed in astrocytoma, which most likely masks a consistent correlation of GFAP expression to astrocytoma malignancy grade. The GFAP positive cell population contains cells with differences in morphology, function, and differentiation state showing that GFAP is not merely a marker of less malignant and more differentiated astrocytoma. We suggest that discriminating between the GFAP isoforms GFAPδ and GFAPα will improve the accuracy of assessing the differentiation state of astrocytoma in clinical and experimental settings and will benefit glioma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J van Bodegraven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessy V van Asperen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A J Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tykhomyrov A, Nedzvetsky V, Shemet S, Ağca CA. Production and characterization of polyclonal antibodies to human recombinant domain B-free antihemophilic factor VIII. Turk J Biol 2017; 41:857-867. [PMID: 30814851 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1704-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Moroctocog alpha is a human B-domain deleted recombinant factor VIII (BDDrFVIII), which represents a new generation of pure antihemophilic products. We describe here an optimized procedure for polyclonal anti-FVIII-antibody production with the use of BDDrFVIII as an immunogen. The main immunochemical characteristics of the produced antibodies and their potential biomedical applications are also reported. Rabbits were immunized with BDDrFVIII as an emulsion with Freund's adjuvant or with antigen immobilized in polyacrylamide gel (PAAG). Antibody titers in immune sera were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG purification was performed by afine chromatography on protein A-sepharose. Immune sera and IgG were tested by immunoblotting with the use of human plasma of healthy donors and people with hemophilia A, platelet lysates, and commercial plasma-derived concentrates as sources of FVIII-related antigens. FVIII-producing human umbilical vein cells were processed for immunocytochemical staining with the use of purified anti-FVIII-antibodies. Immunization of rabbits with PAAG-trapped antigen induced more potent immune response compared to the standard immunization procedure with Freund's adjuvant. The lowest working amount of immune IgG, measured by ELISA, was ~50 ng. Immunoblotting demonstrated that anti-BDDrFVIII antibodies effectively recognize the whole FVIII molecule (320 kDa), as well as different truncated polypeptides thereof, and are suitable for immunocytochemical analysis of FVIII-producing cells. An optimized procedure for the production of polyclonal antibodies against FVIII with the use of PAAG-immobilized BDDrFVIII (moroctocog alpha) was proposed and successfully validated. The produced antibodies are suitable for detecting and measuring FVIII-related antigens and may have various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Tykhomyrov
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Victor Nedzvetsky
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Dnipro National University , Dnipro , Ukraine.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University , Bingöl , Turkey
| | - Sergiy Shemet
- Ukrainian Hemophilia Association , Dnipro Regional Chapter, Dnipro , Ukraine
| | - Can Ali Ağca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University , Bingöl , Turkey
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Schulten HJ, Hussein D, Al-Adwani F, Karim S, Al-Maghrabi J, Al-Sharif M, Jamal A, Bakhashab S, Weaver J, Al-Ghamdi F, Baeesa SS, Bangash M, Chaudhary A, Al-Qahtani M. Microarray expression profiling identifies genes, including cytokines, and biofunctions, as diapedesis, associated with a brain metastasis from a papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2140-2161. [PMID: 27822408 PMCID: PMC5088282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastatic papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) are afflicted with unfavorable prognosis; however, the underlying molecular genetics of these rare metastases are virtually unknown. In this study, we compared whole transcript microarray expression profiles of a BRAF mutant, brain metastasis from a PTC, including its technical replicate (TR), with eight non-brain metastatic PTCs and eight primary brain tumors. The top 95 probe sets (false discovery rate (FDR) p-value < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 2) that were differentially expressed between the brain metastatic PTC, including the TR, and both, non-brain metastatic PTCs and primary brain tumors were in the vast majority upregulated and comprise, e.g. ROS1, MYBPH, SLC18A3, HP, SAA2-SAA4, CP, CCL20, GFAP, RNU1-120P, DMBT1, XDH, CXCL1, PI3, and NAPSA. Cytokines were represented by 10 members in the top 95 probe sets. Pathway and network analysis (p-value < 0.05 and FC > 2) identified granulocytes adhesion and diapedesis as top canonical pathway. Most significant upstream regulators were lipopolysaccharide, TNF, NKkB (complex), IL1A, and CSF2. Top networks categorized under diseases & functions were entitled migration of cells, cell movement, cell survival, apoptosis, and proliferation of cells. Probe sets that were significantly shared between the brain metastatic PTC, the TR, and primary brain tumors include CASP1, CASP4, C1R, CC2D2B, RNY1P16, WDR72, LRRC2, ZHX2, CITED1, and the noncoding transcript AK128523. Taken together, this study identified a set of candidate genes and biofunctions implicated in, so far nearly uncharacterized, molecular processes of a brain metastasis from a PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Al-Adwani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al-Sharif
- Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jolanta Weaver
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Abstract
There are numerous biomarkers of central and peripheral nervous system damage described in human and veterinary medicine. Many of these are already used as tools in the diagnosis of human neurological disorders, and many are investigated in regard to their use in small and large animal veterinary medicine. The following review presents the current knowledge about the application of cell-type (glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament subunit NF-H, myelin basic protein) and central nervous system specific proteins (S100B, neuron specific enolase, tau protein, alpha II spectrin, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, creatine kinase BB) present in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum of animals in the diagnosis of central or peripheral nervous system damage in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Płonek
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw
| | - Marcin Wrzosek
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw
| | - Józef Nicpoń
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw
- Centre for Experimental Diagnostics and Biomedical Innovations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw
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